JP2007195451A - Greenland structure of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent scattering and drying of soil and to actualize sound growth of plants in formation of a greenland on a building. <P>SOLUTION: A greenland A has a water storage base 3 placed on a bed structure 1 to become a supporting surface, soil supporting members 4 housed in the water storage base 3 and having a top surface 4a higher than a water level 9 in full water, a filter 5 covering the top surfaces 4a of the soil supporting members 4, having edge parts 5a arranged to reach water storage parts 3d and a soil retaining function and a water absorption function and a soil mat 6 placed on the upper part of the filter 5 and constituted by storing soil 6b in a storage body 6a having a water absorption function. The storage body 6a has biodegradability. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a green structure of a plant that realizes prevention of scattering and drying of soil and plant seeds when greening a veranda, rooftop, roof, wall surface, and the like of a building.

  In order to reduce the heat island phenomenon in the city and reduce energy consumption, so-called greening of buildings is being promoted to green the veranda, rooftop, roof or walls. By realizing greening of the building, the heat insulation performance of the building is improved, the operation of the air conditioning equipment is suppressed, the amount of heat radiation from the heat exchanger and the consumption of energy are reduced, and it contributes to the mitigation of the heat island phenomenon. Furthermore, the greening of buildings is expected to contribute to the suppression of global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas by plant photosynthesis, and transpiration of plants.

  When a green space is formed by forming a soil layer on the rooftop of a building, the soil, especially the surface layer part, is easy to dry, and on the rooftop, there is a problem of soil scattering and runoff because the wind is stronger than the ground surface . These problems are particularly noticeable when artificial lightweight soil is employed to reduce the load. For this reason, restrictions have arisen such that the plants to be planted are limited to types that are resistant to drying, and it is difficult to grow plants from seeds.

  In order to solve the above problems, the surface of the soil is made of mulching material (vegetable natural materials such as birch, bark, wood chips, nets, mats or sheets made of synthetic resin, for example, see Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2) Covering is done.

JP 2004-143123 A Registered Utility Model No. 3016093

  However, in green spaces provided on windy parts such as the rooftops of buildings, the mulching material itself may be scattered only by spreading light vegetative mulching material on the soil surface. Although it has a function of preventing water from evaporating, it is difficult to suck up the water stored under the soil, and there is a problem that it is necessary to supply water sufficiently from above.

  Moreover, in the net | network and mat which developed the technique described in patent document 1 and patent document 2, although the effect which prevents scattering of soil can be exhibited, there exists a problem that it does not have a water retention function or a water absorption function, Furthermore, although it has the effect of preventing the drying of the soil in the sheet form, it is not only aesthetically pleasing but also originally intended to prevent the growth of weeds. There is a problem that it is not suitable for growing seeds from seeds.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a green structure of a plant that can prevent the soil from scattering and dry, and can grow the plant in a healthy manner when greening a building. is there.

  In order to achieve the above object, the green space structure of the plant according to the present invention has a water storage base placed on a support surface, and an upper end surface that is accommodated in the water storage base and is higher than the water level when the water storage base is full. A soil support member having a function of covering the upper surface of the soil support member and having an edge portion reaching the water storage portion of the water storage base and preventing soil from entering the soil support member and a water absorption function And a soil mat that is placed on top of the filter and contains a soil in a container having a water absorption function.

  In the green space structure of the plant, the container is preferably biodegradable.

  According to the green space structure of the first plant of the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as “green space structure”), even if the green space structure is provided in a site where the wind is strong and easily affected by sunlight, such as the rooftop of a building, By housing the container in a container having a water absorption function and configuring the soil mat, the container can cover the surface of the soil, and scattering of soil and seeds can be prevented.

  Further, since the edge of the soil mat reaches the water storage portion of the water storage base, water is sucked up by the water absorption function of the filter, and this water is further sucked up to the surface layer of the soil by the water absorption function of the container. For this reason, the surface layer of the soil can also be kept moist, and it can supply moisture necessary for growth to the seeds embedded in the soil surface layer and plants with insufficient roots. Drying can be suppressed and scattering can be prevented.

  According to the second green space structure of the present invention, since the containing body has biodegradability, the decomposition proceeds with the growth of the plant, and the soil is covered with the grown cover plant and sufficiently rooted. In other words, when the soil does not dry out or scatter, the container will be decomposed and returned to the soil, so that no unnecessary items remain in the soil, and it is environmentally friendly and easy to care for later. It can be a space.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the green space structure according to the present invention will be described. The green space structure of the present invention can realize good plant growth by preventing soil drying and scattering of soil and seeds when greening a veranda, rooftop or roof or wall of a building including a house. It is a thing.

  For this reason, the green space structure of the present invention is configured by placing a water storage base on a support surface, housing a soil support member in the water storage base and covering it with a filter, and further storing soil in a container above the filter. It is configured by placing a soil mat. In particular, the upper end surface of the soil support member is higher than the water level when the water storage base is full, and the edge of the filter reaches the water storage section of the water storage base. The absorbed water is absorbed by the filter, and is further supplied to the soil via the soil mat container.

  Therefore, the soil which comprises a soil mat is prevented from scattering by a wind by being accommodated in a container. Moreover, since the wet state of the soil is maintained by the water supplied through the container, it is possible to maintain a favorable environment for the plants planted in the soil.

  In the present invention, the support surface on which the water storage base is placed is not limited in structure or part, and it is possible to selectively use a veranda, a rooftop, a roof, a wall surface, or the like configured in a building. . It does not ask whether the support surface is a horizontal surface or an inclined surface, and whether the support surface is a floor surface or a wall surface of a building or a support member provided separately from the floor surface or the wall surface. It is not a question. Accordingly, the support surface may be any structure or part as long as the surface can support the water storage base.

  The water storage base placed on the support surface may be any member that can store water, and does not limit the structure or dimensions. An example of such a water storage base is a pallet configured in a dish shape.

  In addition, the soil supporting member accommodated in the water storage base also has a function of supporting the soil mat, and when stored in the water storage base, the upper end surface has a dimension that is higher than the water level when the water storage base is full. The structure is not particularly limited. As such a soil supporting member, it is possible to selectively use, for example, a hollow fibrous porous body having appropriate rigidity, a cocoon-like member, or the like.

  For example, as a porous material of a hull fiber shape, it has high compressive strength, deformation resistance, and porosity by forming a synthetic resin fiber having high hardness in a plate shape by entangled with a three-dimensional network shape (hachi fiber shape) There are members (three-dimensional net-like members), and examples of the cocoon-like member include a wooden, synthetic resin, or metal cocoon. And it is preferable to selectively use the member according to conditions such as soil thickness in the target green space structure.

  The filter has a function of preventing the soil constituting the soil mat from entering the inside of the soil support member (that is, the soil is mixed into the water storage part), a function of the edge reaching the water storage part and absorbing water, The material, thickness, mesh or the like is not limited. As such a filter, it is possible to selectively use a woven or non-woven fabric made of synthetic resin or natural fiber.

  The soil mat is configured by storing soil in a container having a water absorption function. As a container, it is necessary to be able to accommodate soil without scattering, and any material having this function in addition to the water absorption function can be used. Therefore, the shape and structure of the container are not limited, and for example, a container having appropriate rigidity may be used. However, considering the ease of handling and the conformability (deformability) of the shape at the installation site, it is preferable that the container is a woven or non-woven cloth formed into a bag shape.

  In addition, the shape and size of the container are not particularly limited, and it is preferable to configure in consideration of the shape of the green space, the soil thickness necessary for the plant to be planted, the weight during transportation, and the like. By storing the soil in the container, it is possible to quantify the soil, and it is possible to improve the handleability at the time of work and to easily proceed with the work. Accordingly, it is preferable that the soil has a size and weight range that can be easily carried by an operator when the soil is stored.

  As described above, a container made of a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric can exhibit a water absorption function by the capillary action of fibers, and can be expected to be easily deformed based on the flexibility of the fabric. . For this reason, when supported by the soil support member through the filter, it can be easily deformed in accordance with the planar shape of the water storage base and the situation of the installation site, and there is no sense of discomfort in shape.

  The container is preferably biodegradable. Thus, when the container has biodegradability, it decomposes with time and mixes with the soil to finally constitute the components of the soil.

  Examples of fibers constituting the biodegradable woven fabric include hemp, cotton, kenaf, hair, and silk. Moreover, as a nonwoven fabric having biodegradability, a viscose rayon short fiber nonwoven fabric obtained by a dry method or a solution dipping method, a rayon long fiber nonwoven fabric obtained by a wet spunbond method, natural fibers such as chitin and atelocollagen, and a natural origin There are non-woven fabric made of chemical fiber, spunlace non-woven fabric made of cotton and the like.

  Each of the above woven fabrics or non-woven fabrics can be selectively used in accordance with the particle size of the soil set as appropriate according to the type of plant to be planted. In particular, from the economical aspect, a hemp bag in which hemp fibers are knitted in a bag shape is preferable because it is easily available and inexpensive.

  The soil that constitutes the soil mat is not particularly limited in terms of soil quality, particle size, etc., and it is possible to use garden soil with fine particles, sand with coarse particles, or artificial lightweight soil. However, when used for a green space structure configured on a veranda or a rooftop, it is preferable to use artificial lightweight soil in order to reduce the load on the building.

  As the artificial lightweight soil, for example, an ALC (lightweight aerated concrete) panel can be used that is formed by mixing massive ALC crushed material formed by pulverizing ALC mill ends and massive palm chips. Such artificial lightweight soil has moderate water retention, drainage, fertilizer and air permeability, and has a small specific gravity and is extremely lightweight. Therefore, it is possible to maintain an environment suitable for plants by performing appropriate water supply and fertilization.

  When soil is accommodated in the container to form a soil mat, it is possible to mix plant seeds in the soil in advance. In this case, after placing the soil mat on the soil supporting member via the filter, it becomes possible to germinate and turn green when a predetermined number of days have passed. However, it is not always necessary to mix seeds in advance, and after constructing a green space, if the texture of the container is relatively coarse, seeds may be embedded between the textures, or if the texture of the container is relatively fine, When there is no texture such as a non-woven fabric, it may be embedded by forming a notch that can embed seeds in the container.

  Moreover, the plant which should be planted is not limited, It is preferable to select suitably according to the site | part etc. which comprise a green space. For example, a ground cover that covers the surface of the soil when grown may be preferred.

  Next, the green space structure according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of a green space having a green space structure according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, the green space A having a green space structure according to the present embodiment is composed of a panel such as a concrete slab, a concrete panel, or a lightweight cellular concrete panel (ALC panel) like a roof including a veranda and a roof of a building. The floor structure 1 is used as a support surface, and the upper surface of the support surface is formed on the waterproof layer 2 formed by laying a waterproof sheet made of a soft vinyl chloride sheet or the like.

  The green space A is mounted on the water storage base 3 placed on the floor structure 1 serving as a support surface, the soil support member 4 housed in the water storage base 3, the filter 5 covering the soil support member 4, and the upper part of the filter 5. And a soil mat 6 placed thereon. A curbstone 7 is arranged around the green space A, and the curbstone 7 defines the periphery of the green space A on the upper surface of the floor structure 1.

  The water storage base 3 has a function of storing water, and is configured by forming a water storage sheet 3a made of a waterproof sheet such as a rubber sheet or a soft vinyl chloride sheet having a flexibility and waterproofness in a tank shape. . That is, a member having an L-shaped cross section is arranged according to the planar shape set in the green space structure A, and a partition wall 3b that partitions the water storage base 3 is constituted by the standing piece of this member. The partition wall 3b has a height (depth) larger than the water level when the water storage base 3 is full, and a water storage sheet 3a is laid in a plane partitioned by the partition wall 3b. A tank-shaped water storage base 3 is configured by raising the peripheral edge of the water storage sheet 3a along the partition wall 3b and integrating them by means such as adhesion or welding.

  In this embodiment, the L-shaped material is used as a member constituting the partition wall 3b. However, the material is not necessarily L-shaped, and may be T-shaped or other shapes. The material is not particularly limited, and it can be preferably used if it is light in weight with little risk of corrosion over time. As such a member, there is a mold material made of aluminum or synthetic resin.

  A drainage net 8 is arranged at the periphery of the water storage base 3, and the water level stored in the water storage base 3 by the drainage net 8 is higher than a full water level 9 indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure. It is configured to be able to drain when it becomes. Therefore, the space between the bottom surface 3c and the lower level than the full water level 9 in the water storage base 3 has a function as the water storage portion 3d.

  When the water level becomes higher than the full water level 9, the drainage net 8 has a function of circulating excess water and draining it. For this reason, what is necessary is just to be able to exhibit this function as a drainage net, and does not limit a structure or a structure. For example, it is possible to use a structure in which obsidian pearlite is accommodated in a net formed of synthetic resin fibers.

  When the water storage sheet 3a and the waterproof layer 2 constituting the water storage base 3 are made of a material containing a plasticizer such as a soft vinyl chloride sheet, the insulating sheet 10 is provided between the lower part of the bottom surface 3c of the water storage base 3 and the waterproof layer 2. Is placed. This insulating sheet 10 is made of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate; polyester) sheet or the like, and has a function of mitigating the migration of the plasticizer between the water storage sheet 3 a and the waterproof layer 2.

  Further, a waterproof protective sheet 11 is laid along the curb 7 at the lower part of the curb 7 arranged around the green space A, and is bonded or welded to the waterproof layer 2 formed on the floor structure 1. It is integrated by such means. The waterproof protection sheet 11 is used, for example, when maintenance or repair of the waterproof layer 2 is performed, and a sheet made of the same material as the waterproof layer 2 can be used.

  The soil supporting member 4 accommodated in the water storage base 3 has a dimension such that the upper end surface 4 a is higher than the full water level 9 in the water storage base 3, and the water stored in the water storage base 3 is the soil mat 6. It has the function to support without being immersed in the. The soil support member 4 may have any function as long as it has the above function, and preferably has a function capable of inflowing and outflowing moisture and air.

  As described above, since the soil support member 4 has a function of inflow and outflow of moisture and air, it is possible to secure a large water storage amount in the water storage base 3, and even when the water storage amount increases, It is possible to ensure the ventilation layer 12 between the water surface and the soil mat 6. By securing the ventilation layer 12 in this way, air is supplied from the lower portion of the soil mat 6, and it becomes possible to take in oxygen necessary for the plant and exhaust gas generated from the plant. It becomes possible to prevent root rot without being immersed in water.

  It is preferable that the soil support member 4 is a member which does not bend greatly or deform. For example, when a person enters the soil for planting seeds and seedlings, it does not deform with weight and can act as a stable ground.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, the soil support member 4 is made of a synthetic resin fiber having a high hardness, and the synthetic resin fiber is entangled in a three-dimensional network shape (brick fiber shape) to form a plate shape, thereby providing a high compression strength, A member (three-dimensional network member) having deformation resistance and porosity is used. Thus, by using the soil supporting member 4 formed of synthetic resin fibers, it is preferable that it is not affected by water even when used for a long time.

  The soil supporting member 4 as described above is not limited to a planar dimension, and is appropriately set to a preferable dimension corresponding to the planar shape of the water storage base 3 in the target green space A. Therefore, the number of the soil retaining members 4 accommodated in the water storage base 3 is not limited to one, and a plurality of soil retaining members 4 may be accommodated.

  The soil support member 4 is provided with a filter 5 having soil retention and water absorption functions. As such a filter 5, it is possible to use a nonwoven fabric with high water absorption, and a material that is not adversely affected by water, microorganisms, or the like with long-term use, for example, a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin fibers is used. It is preferable. In the present embodiment, a greening sheet AKS-550 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Corporation is used as the filter 5.

  In order for the filter 5 to suck up the water stored in the water storage base 3 and supply it to the soil mat 6, it is essential that the edge portion 5a reaches the water storage portion 3d. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the filter 5 covers the upper surface of the soil supporting member 4 and the edge 5a is lowered from the side surface and reaches the water reservoir 3d. That is, the filter 5 is disposed so as to wrap the soil supporting member 4 made of a three-dimensional mesh member.

  In the filter 5 as described above, the water stored in the water storage base 3 can be sucked up and absorbed by the soil mat 6 placed on the upper part, and the soil constituting the soil mat 6 is applied to the soil support member 4. It is possible to prevent the fall.

  The soil mat 6 is composed of a container 6a having a water absorption function and soil 6b housed in the container 6a. The container 6a is configured as a bag made of hemp fibers, and artificial light soil is used as the soil 6b. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the scattered soil 6b from being scattered by the container 6a and further suck up the water sucked up by the filter 5 and supply it to the soil 6b.

  Hemp fiber also exhibits high biodegradability. For this reason, when the soil mat 6 is used for a long period of time, the hemp fibers of the container 6a are decomposed over time and mixed into the soil 6b, and the green space A is not adversely affected.

  The thickness of the container 6a constituting the soil mat 6 is not particularly limited, and is set according to the structural strength of the building and the soil thickness required by the target plant.

  The curb stones 7 arranged around the green space A are preferably blocks or the like that are lightened so as not to impose a heavy burden on the building.

In this embodiment, although not shown in the drawing, obsidian perlite is arranged between the soil support members 4 in the water storage base 3 at a rate of 1 per 1 m ² . This obsidian perlite is less likely to clog or absorb water, and has a function to help purify the water stored in the water storage base 3.

  The green space structure of the present invention can be applied not only to the roof of a building but also to a small open space where the lower side of a park or the like is made of asphalt, brick, or concrete surface, and is limited to a veranda of a high-rise house. It is effective when applied to space.

It is a figure which shows typically the cross-section of the green space with the green space structure which concerns on a present Example.

Explanation of symbols

A Green space 1 Floor structure 2 Waterproof layer 3 Water storage base 3a Water storage sheet 3b Partition wall 3c Bottom surface 3d Water storage part 4 Soil support member 4a Upper end surface 5 Filter 5a Edge 6 Soil mat 6a Container 6b Soil 7 Curb stone 8 Water level 9 10 Insulating sheet 11 Waterproof protective sheet 12 Ventilation layer

Claims (2)

A water storage base placed on a support surface; a soil support member that is accommodated in the water storage base and has an upper end surface that is higher than a full water level in the water storage base; and covers and covers the upper surface of the soil support member Is disposed so as to reach the water storage part of the water storage base and has a function of preventing soil from entering the inside of the soil supporting member and a water absorption function, and is placed on the filter and has a water absorption function A plant green space structure comprising: a soil mat configured to contain soil in a container. The plant green space structure according to claim 1, wherein the container is biodegradable.

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