JP4883673B2 - Greening medium structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a non-permeable base greening medium used for rooftop greening and the like, and a greening medium structure using the medium.

  Rooftop greening has been recommended as one of the ways to cope with the heat island phenomenon accompanying the increase in urban buildings and air conditioners.

  Regarding rooftop greening technology, the roof is covered with turf to prevent the entry of external heat into the roof (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and the soil covered with water retention mats to actively retain water The roof structure (for example, refer patent document 2) etc. are disclosed. It is necessary to use appropriate soil for these rooftop greening structures. Artificial soil includes rice husk, wood waste, cow dung, chicken dung, etc. (see Patent Document 3, for example), shredded products such as cedar, hiba, hinoki and fermented manure. Artificial soil containing fertilizer (for example, see Patent Document 4) is disclosed. In general, humus is blended and used in artificial soil (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

However, the greening medium used for rooftop greening requires drainage, water retention, light weight and fertilization, and ease of maintenance. In particular, drainage, water retention and fertilizer retention are incompatible characteristics, and none of conventional soil and greening media satisfy these requirements.
Utility model registration No. 3092527 Japanese Patent No. 3188429 JP-A-6-165617 JP-A-6-284815 JP 2005-027615 A

  The object of the present invention is to use a non-permeable base greening medium that is used for rooftop greening, etc., which is lightweight and fertilizer in addition to drainage, water retention, and maintenance, and a medium structure for greening using this medium Is to provide.

The gist of the present invention is that
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 15-40% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
10-25% by volume of one or more soils selected from borado and kanuma soil
Comprising
The bark compost is a non-permeable base greening soil obtained from the bark of conifers.

Further, the gist of the present invention is that
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 30-45% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
Comprising
The bark compost is a non-permeable base greening soil obtained from the bark of conifers.

  Still further, the gist of the present invention is that a greening layer is formed by laminating a non-permeable base greening layer, a root-proof / water-permeable sheet, and a water-retaining sheet in this order from above. It is in the medium structure for use.

  Further, the gist of the present invention is that a non-permeable base greening culture layer, a root / water-permeable sheet, a water-retaining sheet, and a waterproof work are laminated in this order on the non-permeable base. It is in the medium structure for greening.

  According to the present invention, in addition to moderate water permeability, there are provided a non-permeable base greening culture medium that satisfies water retention, light weight and fertilization, and maintenance, and a greening medium structure using this culture medium. .

  As soil for planting non-permeable bases such as soil used for rooftop greening, rot components such as humus are blended as nutrients. On the other hand, the soil for greening the non-permeable base is required to have appropriate water permeability, water retention, light weight and fertilizer. Rot components such as humus are effective for water retention and fertilization, but impair the permeability of the soil. Also increase the specific gravity of the soil. When sand is added, water permeability is improved, but water retention and fertilizer retention are impaired. In addition, the specific gravity of the cultivated soil increases and cannot be reduced in weight. The inventor of the present application diligently studied the types and component ratios of the components to be blended in the soil, found that fine voids were maintained in the soil by the combination of specific components, and thereby excellent simultaneously satisfying these conflicting characteristics I came to find a culture of performance.

  The soil for non-permeable base greening of the present invention is one or more soils selected from masa soil and mackerel soil, 25 to 40% by volume, pearlite 15 to 40% by volume, bark compost 25 to 45% by volume, earthen soil, It comprises 10-25% by volume of one or more soils selected from Kanuma soil. This bark compost is obtained from the bark of conifers.

  Masa soil and mackerel soil are mainly made of granite weathered. Masa soil is a brown soil mainly made of Nishimemoto, and mackerel soil is distributed in the central Tokai region. Bora soil refers to the soil of the volcanic fall pumice layer deposited mainly in southern Kyushu. Kanuma soil is a soil composed of yellow weathered pumice in the Kanto Loam Formation.

  Moreover, the non-permeable base greening culture soil of this invention contains 25-40 volume% of 1 or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil, 30-45 volume% of pearlite, and 25-45 volume% of bark compost. It may be made up of.

  The bark compost used in the present invention is a fiber fibril having a length of about 2 to 20 mm after crushing the bark of coniferous trees to a size of about 25 to 50 mm, for example, piling up for about half a year and washing off oils such as phenols with rain water. And then left in a storage room with a roof for 1 to 6 months.

  The crushing can be performed by a known pre-crushing means such as a bar crusher, roll crusher, cone crusher, hammer crusher, crushing means, or a means selected from a combination thereof.

When the bark compost used in the present invention is mixed with the fine particles constituting the soil, the fibrils of the bark compost and the fine particles are entangled to form a bulky entangled body, and the inside of the entangled body or the contact site between the entangled bodies A fine void is formed in the surface. For this purpose, the mixing ratio of bark compost needs to be 25% by volume or more of the whole. Due to the entanglement, the permeability of the soil is improved, the specific gravity of the soil is reduced, and the light soil of the present invention having a unit volume weight of 810 to 1150 kg / m ³ can be obtained. In particular, the unit volume weight at a pF value of 1.8, which is the lower limit water capacity shown by the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture under the minimum moisture content necessary for vegetation, can be reduced to 1000 kg / m ³ or less. Contributes to weight reduction of rooftop greening media.

  In addition, this void contributes to the development of fine roots of vegetated plants, and is effective in maintaining oxygen in the cultivation soil. When the blending ratio of bark compost is less than 25% by volume of the whole, the entangled body is insufficiently expressed and the specific gravity of the cultivated soil increases. In addition, the water retention of the soil is insufficient.

  Table 1 supports the relationship between the mixing ratio of bark compost and water retention. Table 1 shows the relationship between the blending ratio (volume%) of bark compost, the pF value of the mixture, and the volumetric water content (%) in the mixture of mash and bark compost used in the present invention. The volumetric water content (%) means that the larger the value, the higher the water retention.

  From Table 1, it can be seen that when the mixing ratio of bark compost exceeds 20% by volume, the water retention of the mixture is good.

  The mixing of the bark compost and the soil is preferably carried out with stirring by a mixing and stirring device such as a paddle mixer, a ribbon screw mixer, or a drum mixer, since further generation of fibrillation is performed. Moreover, it is preferable for the production | generation of the space | gap by an entanglement. Grinding may be performed simultaneously with mixing.

Moreover, the compounding ratio of bark compost needs to be 45 volume% or less of the whole. If the mixing ratio exceeds 45% by volume of the whole, it is not preferable because the growth of vegetated plants is inhibited. In addition, since the unit volume weight of the cultivating soil is 800 kg / m ³ or less, scattering due to wind occurs and the construction is hindered. From these points, it is more preferable that the mixing ratio of the bark compost is 40% by volume or less.

  As for the bark compost used in the present invention, it is more preferable to use cedar and cypress among conifers because the specific gravity of the cultivated soil is small and light, and there are many voids due to entanglement.

  If the bark compost is derived from hardwood, fibrils are not sufficiently produced in the pulverization step after ripening, voids are not easily formed in the soil, and the specific gravity of the blended soil becomes large. In addition, during ripening in the production of bark compost or after plant vegetation, the decay proceeds and the voids are blocked, the water permeability is deteriorated, and the growth of the plant is also adversely affected. When bark compost is derived from conifers, rot does not proceed during ripening or after plant vegetation in the production of bark compost, and the above-mentioned entangled voids are maintained and the gas phase is maintained in the soil for a long time. Preferred for vegetation.

  Although the specific gravity can be reduced to some extent even if humus is mixed with the culture soil, the decay proceeds after plant vegetation, the voids are closed, the specific gravity increases, the water permeability becomes poor, and the growth of the plant is also adversely affected.

  In the present invention, the particle size of the soil to be mixed with the bark compost is preferably 5 mm or less in order to create the above-described entangled voids in the soil. Among them, it is more preferable that fine particles having a particle size of less than 1 mm and particles having a particle size of about 0.1 to 2 mm are mixed in order to create a void due to entanglement. When the particle size of the soil exceeds 5 mm, the entanglement hardly occurs, and the water permeability of the soil is good, but the water retention of the soil is poor. In this respect, it is preferable that the non-permeable soil-based greening soil of the present invention includes one or more soils selected from masa soil and mackerel soil and pearlite. Perlite improves the fertilizer of the soil of the present invention and contributes to the formation of the above-mentioned voids.

  In addition to this blending component, the non-permeable base greening culture soil of the present invention replaces a part of one or more kinds of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil and a part of perlite, so that the soil is rust soil, Kanuma soil. More preferably, it comprises one or more soils selected from the group consisting of soils having a particle size of 4 mm or less. Bora soil and Kanuma soil further improve the water retention of the soil. Among them, borax is more preferable for forming voids due to entanglement because fine particles having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm and particles having a particle size of about 0.5 to 2 mm are appropriately mixed.

  In the non-permeable base greening culture soil of the present invention, it is preferable that the mixing ratio of one or more kinds of soil selected from the mass soil and mackerel soil to be combined is 25 to 40% by volume. If the blending ratio exceeds 40% by volume, the specific gravity of the cultivation soil increases, which is not preferable as a cultivation soil for rooftop greening that requires light weight. When the blending ratio is less than 25% by volume, the generation of voids due to the entanglement described above is reduced.

  In addition, in the soil for non-permeable base greening according to the present invention, when black soil or clay soil is used instead of one or more soils selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil, void formation due to the above-described entanglement is generated. Insufficient, the gas phase in the soil will not be secured. Moreover, drainage also becomes bad and is not preferable.

  When normal soil is used for non-permeable base planting, it is necessary to irrigate at least once a day. However, when the soil of the present invention is used for non-permeable base planting, water retention Therefore, vegetation is possible with occasional irrigation only when the weather continues.

  The culture medium for non-permeable base greening of the present invention can be a medium having further excellent water retention and permeability by proper laying on the non-permeable base. Such a laying structure will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, in the greening medium structure 2 of the present invention, a waterproofing work 3 is provided on the non-permeable base 4 to provide a waterproofing work 3, and the non-permeable base greening culture layer 6, A root-proof / water-permeable sheet 8 and a water-retaining sheet 10 are laminated in this order from above.

  The waterproofing work 3 is a waterproof layer formed by laying a water-impermeable film or sheet. Alternatively, it is a waterproof layer formed from a non-water-permeable coating film in which a paint is applied to the floor surface.

  When the non-permeable base greening culture soil is laid on, for example, an outdoor passage of a ground or a part of a paved surface, it is not always necessary to provide the waterproof work 3 on the non-permeable base.

  In FIG. 2, the laying structure in the non-permeable base 4a which has the underdrain 12 is shown. In the culvert part, the waterproofing work 3 is first extended from the floor surface 14, descends the side wall surface 16 of the culvert 12, traces the bottom surface 18 of the culvert 12, and reaches the other side wall surface 16 a facing the side wall surface 16. It rises, reaches the opposite floor surface 14a between the floor surface 14 and the underdrain 12, and is provided by extending the floor surface 14a as it is. A root-proof / water-permeable sheet 8 a is laid on the upper surface of the waterproofing work 3 in contact with the waterproofing work 3 at the culvert 12 and its vicinity. The root-proof / water-permeable sheet 8a is extended from the vicinity of the edge 19 of the floor surface 14 with the undercarriage 12 along the waterproofing work 3 and descends the side wall surface 16 of the undercarriage 12 and follows the bottom surface 18 of the undercarriage 12 as it is. It reaches the other side wall surface 16a opposite to the wall surface 16 and rises, reaches the edge 19a of the opposite floor surface 14a between the floor surface 14 and the underdrain 12 and extends the floor surface 14a to the vicinity of the edge 19a as it is. Provided. Further, the culvert material 22 is fitted into the culvert 12 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the root-proof / water-permeable sheet 8a. The culvert material 22 has a columnar shape with a rectangular cross section, the lateral width is substantially equal to the width of the culvert 12, and the thickness is slightly larger than the depth of the culvert 12. The culvert material 22 is a columnar object having a three-dimensional network structure such as a blister structure through which liquid can easily pass.

  In this way, the water retaining sheet 10 is further laid over the entire floor surface on the floor surface on which the waterproofing work 3, the root / water permeable sheet 8 a and the culvert material 22 are provided, and the water retaining sheet 10 is further protected on the upper surface of the water retaining sheet 10. A sheet 8 is laid over the entire floor surface. The non-permeable base greening layer 6 is provided on the top surface of the root / water-permeable sheet 8.

  With such a culvert portion configuration, the water permeability of the culvert 12 is ensured while maintaining the water retention and water permeability of the floor surface without the non-permeable base greening culture soil flowing into the culvert 12.

  FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the laying structure in the non-permeable base 4a having the underdrain 12. In FIG. 3, the arrangement of the waterproofing work 3, the root / water permeable sheet 8 a, the underdrain material 22, the water retaining sheet 10, the root proof / water permeable sheet 8 and the non-permeable base greening medium 6 is the same as in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, a long bar-shaped weir body 30 is provided on the upper surface of the floor surface 14 and the floor surface 14a along the longitudinal direction of the underdrain 12 on the edge 18 and the edge 18a. The weir body 30 has a height of about 5 to 10 mm and a lateral width of about 10 to 100 mm. The cross section of the weir body 30 has a flat bottom surface such as a rectangle or a kamaboko shape.

  The weir body 30 blocks outflow of water existing on the floor surface to the underdrain material 22, and valuable water is secured on the floor surface even during drought, contributing to vegetation. Excess water passes over the weir body 30 and flows out to the underdraining material 12.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of weir bodies 30f may be provided on a flat floor surface in parallel at substantially equal intervals. Water stagnates between the adjacent weir bodies 30f. The weir body 30f may be in the shape of a long bar, but may be assembled in a lattice shape as a whole and arranged vertically and horizontally on the floor surface.

  The weir bodies 30 and 30f may be formed integrally with the water-impermeable base 4a with cement or the like. A rod-shaped member made of resin or metal may be mounted on the water-impermeable base 4a or bonded through an adhesive. A curable material such as a putty material may be cured into a predetermined shape.

  The greening medium structure 2 of the present invention provides a greening medium in which the excellent water retention, water permeability, and fertilizer retention of the non-permeable base greening soil of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited. In addition, the culture medium structure 2 for greening of the present invention is suitably used as a culture medium for rooftop greening taking advantage of the light weight of the non-permeable base greening culture medium of the present invention. In the greening medium structure 2 of the present invention, the water retention is good, so that it can be vegetated only by precipitation of rainwater except in the case of extreme sunny weather.

The root-proof / water-permeable sheet 8 is a water-permeable woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, etc., and is not particularly limited. However, in the case of a woven fabric, it is a high-density woven fabric. Is preferred. Specifically, the non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric made of polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, cotton, or the like, having a basis weight of 80 to 120 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, and a density of 0.2 to Those having a range of 0.5 g / cm ² are preferably used. Moreover, as an example of a product, Jung Master EO 5100 made by Gunze Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.

Examples of the water retention sheet 10 include a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric having a capillary wrinkle effect. Or the sheet | seat etc. which carry | supported water absorbing substances, such as a water absorbing gel, are mentioned.
The soil for non-permeable base greening of the present invention is suitably used as a soil for rooftop greening of buildings such as buildings. Moreover, it can use suitably as soil with which the joint part of outdoor pavement surfaces, such as a parking lot, is filled using the outstanding water retention and water permeability. Furthermore, it can be used as a soil for horticultural planting or potting, taking advantage of lightness, excellent water retention and water permeability.

Example 1
Masa soil 33%
Perlite 17% by volume
Bark compost 33% by volume
Bora soil 17%
To obtain a soil. These components were mixed and blended while stirring with a paddle mixer.

  The bark compost was obtained by crushing cedar bark to about 10 to 50 mm, secondarily crushing it for about 1 to 10 mm after 6 months of loading, and leaving it for 2 months in a place with a roof.

  Masato was made from Shandong. The specific gravity of masa soil is 2.63, the particle size distribution is 58 vol% of coarse sand (2 to 0.2 mm), 23 vol% of fine sand (0.2 mm to 20 μm), 7 vol% of silt (20 to 2 μm), clay ( (Less than 2 μm) 6 vol%. As perlite, Nenisanso No. 2 (particle diameter 2.5 mm or less) manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. was used. This perlite has a distribution of passing through the eyes of 2.5 mm: 95 to 100, 1.2 mm 70 to 95, 0.6 mm: 40 to 75, 0.3 mm: 20 to 55, 0.15 mm: 5 to 40 (unit: vol%) ) Lot.

  We used a small grain grade made by Green Industry Co., Ltd. from Miyazaki Prefecture. The particle size distribution was 20 vol% coarse sand (2-0.2 mm), 63 vol% fine sand (0.2 mm-20 μm), 15 vol% silt (10-2 μm), and 2 vol% clay (less than 2 μm).

The unit volume weight (specific gravity) of the obtained soil was 971 kg / m ³ . The unit volume weight at the time of saturation is 1372 kg / m ³ , the unit volume weight at a PF number of 1.8 representing gravitational water is 1104 kg / m ³ , and the unit volume weight at a PF number of 3 is 997 kg / m ^3. Met. That is, the effective water retention amount was 1104-997 = 107 kg / m ³ and the water retention was excellent. Moreover, the saturated water permeability was 1.17 × 10 ⁻² cm / sec, and the water permeability was excellent. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is JIS
It is measured according to A1218.

  This soil was laid on the roof of the building to a thickness of 100 mm, and turf was vegetated under normal fertilization. The grass growth was 9-10 cm in 6 months.

Example 2
A soil was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Kanuma soil was used instead of the soil. The particle size distribution of Kanuma soil is 17 vol% coarse sand (2-0.2 mm), 68 vol% fine sand (0.2 mm-20 μm), 15 vol% silt (10-2 μm), and 2 vol% clay (less than 2 μm). there were.

The unit volume weight of the obtained soil was 985 kg / m ³ . Further, the unit volume weight at the time of saturation was 1369 Kg / m ³ , the unit volume weight at a PF number 1.8 was 1100 kg / m ³ , and the unit volume weight at a PF number 3 was 998 kg / m ³ . That is, the effective water retention amount was 102 kg / m ³ and the water retention was excellent. Further, the saturated water permeability coefficient was 1.01 × 10 ⁻² cm / sec, and the water permeability was excellent.
The specific gravity of the cultivated soil was 1.1. This cultivated soil was laid on the roof of the building to a thickness of 100 mm in the same manner as in Example 1, and turf was vegetated under ordinary fertilization. The grass growth was 8-9 cm in 6 months.

Example 3
Masa soil 30%
Perlite 40% by volume
30% by volume of bark compost
To obtain a soil. These components were mixed and blended while stirring with a paddle mixer.

  Masa soil, perlite, and bark compost were the same as in Example 1.

The unit volume weight of the obtained soil was 813 kg / m ³ . Further, the unit volume weight at the time of saturation was 1347 kg / m ³ , the unit volume weight at a PF number of 1.8 was 1036 kg / m ³ , and the unit volume weight at a PF number of 3 was 869 kg / m ³ . That is, the effective water retention was 167 kg / m ³ and the water retention was excellent. Further, the saturated water permeability coefficient was 8.25 × 10 ⁻³ cm / sec, and the water permeability was also excellent.

  This soil was laid on the roof of the building to a thickness of 100 mm and wild flowers were vegetated under normal fertilization. The growth of the wildflower was good and the irrigation was good at once / week.

Comparative Example 1
Mountain sand (particle size 3mm) 40% by volume
Perlite 10% by volume
Humus 30% by volume
Kanuma soil 20%
To obtain a soil. The same pearlite as in Example 1 was used.

The unit volume weight of the obtained soil was 1600 kg / m ³ . The unit volume weight at saturation was 1744 kg / m ³ , the unit volume weight at a PF number of 1.8 was 1595 kg / m ³ , and the unit volume weight at a PF number of 3 was 1550 kg / m ³ . Moreover, the saturated water permeability was 1.23 × 10 ⁻² cm / sec.
This soil was laid on the roof of the building to a thickness of 100 mm and wild flowers were vegetated under normal fertilization. In order to make the growth of the wildflower smooth, it was necessary to irrigate once / day.

  In addition, the present invention can be carried out in a mode in which various improvements, modifications, and changes are added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, a chemical fertilizer may be further added to the non-permeable base greening soil of the present invention.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of the culture medium structure for greening of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the underdrain part in the aspect of the culture medium structure for greening of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the structure of the underdrain part in the aspect of the culture medium structure for greening of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of the floor surface in the culture medium structure for greening of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

2: Medium structure for greening 3: Waterproofing work 4: Non-permeable base 6: Layer 8 of non-permeable base greening medium 8, 8a: Root-proof / permeable sheet 10, 10a: Water retaining sheet 12: Underdrain 22: Underdrain material

Claims (4)

Underdrain member is elongated in the groove for underdrain provided in a water impermeable base is filled, the upper surface of the underdrain member is positioned above the upper surface of the non-permeable base, top and said impermeable said underdrain member a layer of water impermeable base greening for soil on surfaces of the substrate, Bone-permeable sheet, the water retaining sheet, but are stacked in this order from the top,
The non-permeable base greening medium
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 15-40% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
10-25% by volume of one or more soils selected from borado and kanuma soil
Comprising
Der Ru greening medium structure that the bark compost is obtained from the bark of conifers. A long culvert material is filled in a groove for culvert provided on the non-permeable base, and the upper surface of the culvert material is located above the upper surface of the non-permeable base, and the upper surface of the culvert material and the non-permeable base A non-permeable base greening soil layer, a root-proof / water-permeable sheet, and a water retaining sheet are laminated in this order from the top.
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 30-45% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
Comprising
A greening medium structure in which the bark compost is obtained from the bark of a conifer. Weir of the top surface to the elongated bar-like non-permeable base is installed parallel or grid pattern with each other, the weir member upper surface and said non-permeable water-impermeable base layer greening for soil on surfaces of the foundation, Bone- A water-permeable sheet, water-retaining sheet, and waterproofer are stacked in this order from the top.
The non-permeable base greening medium
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 15-40% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
10-25% by volume of one or more soils selected from borado and kanuma soil
Comprising
A greening medium structure in which the bark compost is obtained from the bark of a conifer. Long bar-shaped weir bodies are installed in parallel or in a lattice pattern on the top surface of the non-permeable base, and the top of the weir body and the top surface of the non-permeable base are layers of soil for non-permeable base planting, root prevention / permeability Sheet, water retention sheet, waterproofer are laminated in this order from the top,
The non-permeable base greening medium
One or more types of soil selected from Masa soil and mackerel soil 25-40% by volume
Perlite 30-45% by volume
Bark compost 25-45% by volume
Comprising
A greening medium structure in which the bark compost is obtained from the bark of a conifer.

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