JPH06165617A - Artificial soil and method for planting execution - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain artificial soil capable of planting trees on the roof of a building, a verandah or balcony, etc., and simultaneously regulating the load within the range of the limited live load specified by the Building Standard Law and remarkably reducing the frequency and amount of irrigation and a method for planting execution. CONSTITUTION:A waterproof mat 9 is laid on a base 8 of concrete or concrete mortar finish and a platy member 10 having unevennesses is then laid on the waterproof mat 9. Nonwoven fabric 11 is subsequently laid on the platy member 10. Artificial soil prepared by mixing inorganic ceramics obtained by converting naturally occurring zeolite into ceramics with an inorganic material and an organic material and regulating the specific gravity to 0.40-0.55 is charged onto the nonwoven fabric 11. Trees are then planted simultaneously or after the charging to create a tree planting garden 1 on the roof of a building. When the base 8 is a mortar finish of protected with a waterproof layer, the waterproof mat 9 may be omitted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial soil and a planting method using the artificial soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as the global warming phenomenon has been screaming strongly, urbanization is being promoted regardless of government or local government in order to prevent abnormal weather in the city. As one of the greening of this city, many trees were conventionally planted on the side of the road, the median strip, or a park.

[0003]

However, there is a problem that irrigation in a wide park or a long road requires a lot of human rights cost and time.

[0004] Further, if the soil is raised on the roof of a building, a balcony, a balcony or the like to plant trees, the greening of the city can be further promoted. Specified load capacity (180 Kg / m
There was a problem that it greatly exceeded ² ).

[0005] In response to such problems, each company has been competing to work on artificial soil having a small specific gravity and artificial soil having a high water retention property, but it was insufficient to solve the above problems.

Therefore, the present invention has a low specific gravity so that even if it is piled up on the roof of a building, a veranda, a balcony, etc., it does not exceed the loading load stipulated in the Building Standards Law, and is suitable for the smooth growth of plants. Is provided.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial soil which has high water retention and can significantly reduce irrigation.

The present invention also provides a rooftop of a building, a veranda,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a planting method capable of planting tall trees on balconies and the like, promoting the growth of trees, and preventing the outflow of artificial soil.

[0009]

The artificial soil according to the present invention comprises an inorganic material formed by selecting at least one of naturally occurring zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, and an inorganic ceramic obtained by converting the naturally occurring zeolite into a ceramic. The specific gravity is 0.40 to 0.55 by mixing with an organic material.

Further, the artificial soil according to the present invention comprises an inorganic material formed by selecting at least one of natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, inorganic ceramics obtained by converting natural zeolite into a ceramic, and an organic material. It is a mixture of Masago soil.

In the planting method according to the present invention, a waterproof mat is laid on a concrete or concrete mortar-finished base, and then a plate member having unevenness made of pressure-resistant plastic is laid on the mat, and thereafter, A non-woven fabric is laid on the plate-shaped member, and then, on the non-woven fabric, an inorganic material obtained by selecting at least one of natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, and an inorganic ceramic obtained by converting the natural zeolite into a ceramic material. And an organic material are mixed, and artificial soil having a specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.55 is planted at the same time as or after the planting.

When the base has a waterproof layer-protecting mortar finish, the waterproof mat is omitted and the plate member is directly laid, and thereafter, the same steps are performed.

[0013]

[Function] The artificial soil of the present invention has the high water-retaining property of the inorganic ceramics obtained by converting natural zeolite into a ceramic.
The irrigation volume can be significantly reduced. Further, since the specific gravity of the inorganic material and the organic material is small, the specific gravity of the whole artificial soil becomes small.

Further, according to the planting method of the present invention, it is possible to easily construct an afforestation garden in which tall trees can be planted on the roof of a building, a balcony, a balcony or the like. In addition, it is possible to form an artificial soil layer that is light in weight, has high water retention, and is well drained.

[0015]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings illustrating the embodiments.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 designates a garden planted on the roof of a building by the planting method according to the present invention. This garden 1
Is a plan view L formed by the outer peripheral wall portion 4 on the roof of the building and the partition wall portion 5 appropriately disposed inside the outer peripheral wall portion 4.
It is provided with a letter-shaped artificial soil storage section 6, an artificial soil layer 7 formed in the artificial soil storage section 6, and trees 2 and shrubs 3 and 3 planted in the artificial soil layer 7.

Further, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 2, the bottom surface of the artificial soil storage section 6 is formed by a base 8 of concrete or concrete mortar finish, and between the base 8 and the artificial soil layer 7, In order from the bottom, a waterproof mat 9, a plate-shaped member 10 made of pressure reinforced plastic having irregularities, and a non-woven fabric 11 are interposed.

Therefore, the artificial soil layer 7 comprises an inorganic material formed by selecting one or more of natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, an inorganic ceramic obtained by converting natural zeolite into a ceramic, and an organic material. It consists of artificial soil mixed with specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.55.

Here, the naturally occurring zeolite is a general term for minerals called zeolites, and is a hydrous alumina silicate (Na, Ca, K: rarely an oxide of Ba, Sr) and has a composition. Various ions can freely move in and out, but bacteria and the like have innumerable pores of several angstroms that cannot enter, and the cation exchange capacity [CEC (Cation Exchanger
Capacity)] is extremely large and holds permanent (-) ions.

Therefore, the naturally occurring zeolite is Na, K,
Adsorbs basic cations such as Ca and Mg, and MH ₄
It retains ions, improves fertilization efficiency of N, P, K, etc., and suppresses volatilization of NH ₃ gas.

This naturally occurring zeolite is produced in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, San'in, Minami Kyushu, etc. in Japan, and the estimated reserves are said to be about 2 trillion tons, which is almost inexhaustible.

Vermiculite refers to vermiculite contained in schist, crystal schist, etc., which is calcined at a high heat of a few thousand degrees centigrade, and a small amount of crystal water / structural water between the layers of flakes is steamed. It means that it is expanded, and its specific gravity is about 0.15. Since this vermiculite is produced by high heat treatment, it does not contain harmful fungi or weed seeds, has a very strong water absorption due to its porous property, makes air circulation good, contains potassium as a fertilizer component, and contains nitrogen. It also has the adsorptivity of.

Perlite means obsidian calcined and foamed at 1000 to 1200 ° C., and pearlite calcined and foamed at 800 to 1000 ° C., both having a specific gravity of about 0.15. This perlite is non-toxic, odorless, and aseptic because it is processed at high temperature. It is a closed cell aggregate with a product of expansion ratio and open porosity of 765 to 1100, and contains 70% or more of silicon oxide and 17 to 18
% Is made of alumina oxide, which has the effect of stabilizing the ground due to the drainage buoyancy of excess water.

The inorganic ceramics are those obtained by firing natural zeolites into ceramics by firing, that is, by treating them at high temperature.

The high temperature (heat) treatment is usually carried out at about 700 to 900 ° C., although it depends on the type of natural zeolite.
If this (heating) treatment temperature is too low, the degree of sintering of the natural zeolite is insufficient and the hardness is low, which is not suitable. If it is too high, fine voids derived from the natural zeolite may be fused and blocked, resulting in loss of porosity. Not suitable because there is Usually 750-800 ℃
It is preferable to carry out sintering at.

By the way, the above-mentioned natural zeolite is
The retention effect of pesticides, fertilizer water, etc. is insufficient, and the granular shape collapses due to external pressure or over time, becoming a mud,
It has the drawback of impairing breathability.

Inorganic ceramics eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of naturally occurring zeolites, and have properties as far-infrared radiators. Far-infrared rays emitted are said to have a plant growth promoting effect.

Further, the inorganic ceramics retains a high cation exchange capacity and has a significantly reduced water content compared with the naturally occurring zeolite (10% of that of ordinary naturally occurring zeolite).
It is less than 1 /). Furthermore, since it retains the porosity and surface characteristics of naturally occurring zeolite, its water retention capacity is remarkably improved, and it is excellent in retaining fertilizer and the like. In addition, since it has a high hardness, it does not easily collapse even when subjected to external pressure, does not form a mud, and maintains its effect for a long period of time.

This inorganic ceramics has a maximum water holding capacity of 70 to 104 ml / 100g and a hardness of 3.5 to 8.0 kg /
It is a grain and has a far infrared emissivity of 90%.

The organic material is a bark material in which bark is fully ripe, peat moss, or the like, or rice husks instead of the bark material,
It is a product obtained by reducing the specific gravity by using a wood chip or a wood powder that has been matured, or by adding cow dung or chicken dung.

Specifically, the bark material is obtained by crushing bark accumulated for many years, adding fertilizer components, and completely ripening it with a fermentation culture medium such as Thomas bacterium. In addition, bark wood promotes the growth of bacteria, fixes free nitrogen in the air, dissolves insoluble phosphoric acid, etc., and has a high content of plant growth promoting factors, which helps the function of plant cells. It is possible to activate and grow a plant strongly, to darken the color, and to make a plant resistant to pests, cold damage, drought and the like.

The peat moss is produced in Canada and Hokkaido in Japan, and has a specific gravity of about 0.35 accumulated in a wetland over a long period of time, and it has a specific gravity of 0.35. It has a large amount (about 80%), is porous, has excellent water retention and breathability, contains corrosive acid and humic acid, and has a stable carbon source form with cumulative effect and economical efficiency of repeated use.

When cow dung, chicken dung, etc. are added, if they are kept at about 70 ° C. for about one month and completely matured, harmful harmful bacteria and plant seeds of hybrids will be killed. Never leave.

However, since the specific gravity of each of the above materials (inorganic material, inorganic ceramics, organic material) is extremely small, the specific gravity of artificial soil can be set as small as 0.40 to 0.55.

Further, this artificial soil has a blackish brown hue, absorbs a large amount of copying heat from the sun, and has a low thermal conductivity, so that a large change in atmospheric temperature is moderated.

When the total volume of the artificial soil layer 7 is 100%, the inorganic material is 30% to 40%, the inorganic ceramics is 5% to 10%, and the organic material is 50% to 60%. Is preferred.

Next, the planting method of the present invention will be described in the order of the steps for constructing the garden 1.

First, the artificial soil storage portion 6 is formed on the roof of the building, and the drainage passage 13 opening upward is provided on the base 8 at the bottom thereof. It is preferable that the artificial soil storage section 6 has a rectangular shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, or the like in addition to the L shape in a plan view.

Thereafter, a waterproof mat 9 made of vinyl chloride or rubber is laid on the base 8 in the artificial soil accommodating section 6, and then a drain port 12 communicating with the drain passage 13 is opened. The waterproof mat 9 may be provided with the drain port 12 in advance. However, when the base 8 is finished with a waterproof layer-protecting mortar, the laying of the waterproof mat 9 may be omitted.

Next, a plate-like member 10 having a large number of recesses and protrusions arranged side by side in a plan view is laid on the mat. As a result, a gap is formed between the plate member 10 and the waterproof mat 9 so as to communicate vertically and horizontally in plan view due to the unevenness of the plate member 10.

Then, the non-woven fabric 11 is laid on the plate member 10. The non-woven fabric 11 has a fiber density that allows water to easily pass therethrough and prevents artificial soil from passing therethrough.

Next, artificial soil is put on the nonwoven fabric 11 to form the artificial soil layer 7. The thickness T of the artificial soil layer 7 is set to a size that does not hinder the growth of at least tall trees.

After that, trees 2, 3 and the like are planted in the artificial soil layer 7. It is also preferable to plant trees at the same time as forming the artificial soil layer 7.

In the orchard 1 constructed as described above, since the artificial soil layer 7 has a very small specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.55, the total weight of the artificial soil layer 7 can be reduced, and Total importance can also be small. Therefore, even when a tree garden 1 capable of cultivating tall trees is formed on the roof of the building as shown in the figure, the loading load of 180 kg / m ² specified by the Building Standards Act
You can make sure not to exceed.

When watering the orchard 1, the artificial soil layer 7 retains a minimum amount of water required for the growth of trees, but excess water is added to the artificial soil layer 7, the nonwoven fabric 11, and It passes through the plate-shaped member 10 to reach the waterproof mat 9, and further through the gap between the waterproof mat 9 and the plate-shaped member 10 to the drain port 12.
Will be drained promptly.

Therefore, a large amount of water does not collect in the artificial soil storage section 6, and the loading load 18 stipulated by the Building Standards Act is 18
It is possible to prevent it from exceeding 0 kg / m ² .

Further, the frequency of irrigation can be reduced due to the extremely high water retention capacity of the artificial soil. For example, even under hot summer in the midsummer, plants can be smoothly grown by irrigation about once every three days.

Further, due to the excellent fertilizing property, chemical retaining property and air permeability of the artificial soil layer 7, the growth and growth length of trees is accelerated, fruit drop is prevented and fruit sugar content is increased in fruit trees.

It is preferable that the aforesaid garden 1 is formed not only on the rooftop of the building but also on the balcony or balcony,
Even in that case, it can be within the range of the loading load stipulated in the Building Standards Act.

It is also desirable to plant not only trees but also flowers and herbs in the above-mentioned garden 1.

Next, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the floor soil layer 15 of the plant 14 to be planted on both sides of the park, the road, the median strip, etc. The case where it is formed with an artificial soil in which inorganic ceramics, organic matter, and sand sand is mixed is shown.

In other words, in this case, a hole 17 is dug in the ground 16 and artificial soil is put into the hole 17 to form a floor soil layer 15.
Plant 14 is planted on this.

According to this bed soil layer 15, however, the frequency and amount of irrigation can be reduced due to the extremely high water retention capacity of the artificial soil, which is required for irrigation of forests in large parks and roadside trees on long roads. Human rights, time and water costs can be significantly reduced.

When the total volume of the floor soil layer 15 is 100%, the inorganic material is 20% to 30%, the inorganic ceramics is 5% to 10%, and the organic material is 35% to 45%. It is preferable that the mass sand soil is 25% to 35%.

Next, an experimental example will be shown.

(Experimental Example 1) When the total volume is 100%,
Vermiculite is 10%, perlite is 20%,
An artificial soil was prepared with 13% inorganic ceramics, 20% cow dung bark and 37% peat moss. The specific gravity of this artificial soil was 0.52.

Next, a plastic box for cultivation (length width dimension 114.5 cm, width dimension 69.5 cm, height dimension 18.0 cm, weight 6.
Drainage holes were provided in the bottom wall of 5 kg), a mat similar to the plate member 10 was laid in the box body, and a non-woven fabric was laid on the mat.

On the non-woven fabric, the artificial soil was added and at the same time, three North American green scented trees were planted to form a model of a garden.

As a result of irrigating this model and weighing the total weight of the model in the saturated state of the artificial soil, the total weight was 85.9.
It was kg.

Since the bottom area of the box is about 0.8 m ² , if the total weight of the model is converted to 1 m ² , it is 107.4k.
It became g, and the load limit of 180 kg / m ² specified in the Building Standard Law was easily cleared.

(Experimental Example 2) Using the artificial soil used in Experimental Example 1, freshly-grown cuttings of the red bean plant were placed in a plurality of Wagner pots (1 / 5000R, φ159 mm, height 190 mm) on July 17, 1992. It is transplanted and irrigated daily, divided into 2 days once and 3 days once, each 150ml-200ml
Was irrigated. And September 3rd and October 1st, 1992
Tree height was measured on the 9th. The measurement results of the tree height and the growth rate are shown in Table 1 below.

[0062]

[Table 1]

It can be seen from Table 1 that the red bean tree grows satisfactorily even if it is irrigated once every two days and once every three days, even though it has undergone the intense heat of September.

(Experimental example 3) When the total capacity is 100%,
Vermiculite is 7%, perlite is 10%,
An artificial soil was prepared with 13% inorganic ceramics, 20% cow dung bark, 20% peat moss, and 30% masago soil.

Using this artificial soil, 1 year old cuttings of the Japanese red bean are cut into a plurality of Wagner pots (1 / 5000R, φ159m).
m, height 190 mm) transplanted on 17th July 1992 and irrigated every day, once every 2 days and once every 3 days. 150ml-200ml irrigation each time. I did. Then, the tree height was measured on September 3, 1992 and October 19, 1992. The measurement results of this tree height and the growth rate are shown in Table 2 below.

[0066]

[Table 2]

(Experimental Example 4) Using the same artificial soil as that of Experimental Example 3, the first year cuttings of red robin were transplanted by the same method on the same date and time as in Experimental Example 3, and the same frequency and It was irrigated with the amount of water, and the tree height was measured on the same measurement date. The measurement results of the tree height and the growth rate are shown in Table 3 below.

[0068]

[Table 3]

From Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that even when the artificial soils of Experimental Examples 3 and 4 are used, sufficient growth can be achieved by irrigation once every two days and once every three days. .

(Experimental Example 5) An artificial soil similar to the artificial soil of Experimental Example 1 and 80% solid sand soil when the total volume was 100%.
Put ordinary soil consisting of 20% Kanuma soil into separate Wagner pots (1 / 5000R, φ159mm, height 190mm),
First-year cuttings of American dogwood to each of them in 1992 7
It was transplanted on the 17th of March.

After that, all once every two days, 150 times each time.
Irrigation was performed in an amount of ml to 200 ml, and the tree height was measured on September 3, 1992 and October 19, 1992. The measurement results of the tree height and the growth rate are shown in Table 4 below.

[0072]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Table 4, the growth rate of the artificial soil is + 11% and the growth rate of the ordinary soil is + 0.2%. Therefore, when the artificial soil is used, the tree height is higher than that of the ordinary soil. It can be said that the growth will be significantly faster.

(Experimental Example 6) An artificial soil similar to the artificial soil of Experimental Example 1 and 100% sand sand soil were put into separate Wagner pots (1 / 5000R, φ159 mm, height 190 mm) to produce artificial soil. 6 Wagner pots containing soil and 6 Wagner pots containing sand sand were created, and 2 ° C for each.
Sapling seedlings that had been put to sleep at 1992
Planted on July 24, 2012.

After that, irrigation daily, once every 3 days, and 4
~ Divide into water once every 5 days, irrigate 200 ml each time,
Saplings were harvested on October 8th, 12 weeks later. Then, this is washed with water and separated into a new strip, a leaf portion, a trunk, and a root portion,
Each was dried at 80 ° C. for 48 hours and then weighed. Table 5 below shows the results of weighing the new strips and leaves, and the growth rate of what was planted in artificial soil with respect to what was planted in Masago soil. The results for the trunk are shown in Table 6 and the results for the root are shown in Table 7.

[0076]

[Table 5]

[0077]

[Table 6]

[0078]

[Table 7]

As is apparent from Tables 5, 6, and 7, Table 6
In the case of watering every 3 days, no difference in growth was observed between the artificial soil and the Masago soil, but for all other seedlings, the one planted in the artificial soil was better than that in the Masago soil. And has grown remarkably. Therefore, it can be said that the artificial soil has a remarkable growth promoting effect.

From Experimental Example 2 to Experimental Example 6 above, Experimental Example 2
Artificial soil--that is, the artificial soil forming the artificial soil layer 7 shown in FIG. 2 and the artificial soil of Experimental Example 3--that is, the artificial soil forming the floor soil layer 15 shown in FIG. It can be said that in any of the above, the growth of plants such as trees is extremely good even if the water supply is limited.

[0081]

The present invention has the following significant effects with the above-mentioned configuration.

According to the artificial soil of the first aspect, the specific gravity can be reduced, and even if the artificial soil layer 7 is formed on the roof of a building, a balcony, a balcony, etc., it does not exceed the loading load specified by the Building Standards Law. be able to.

In addition, the water retention can be increased and the irrigation can be significantly reduced. Further, it can promote the growth of plants for a long period of time.

According to the artificial soil of the second aspect, the water retention can be enhanced and the irrigation can be significantly reduced. And, in particular,
It is possible to reduce the amount and frequency of irrigation in forests of large parks, roadside trees on long roads, and green spaces in highways, which greatly contributes to the reduction of personnel expenses and water expenses. be able to.

According to the planting method of claim 3 or 4,
You can create a garden 1 where you can plant tall trees on the rooftop, veranda, balcony, etc. of the building within the standards specified by the Building Standards Law.

Further, it is possible to realize an ideal garden 1 in which excess water can be swiftly discharged, artificial soil can be prevented from flowing out, and water necessary for plant growth can be retained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a plantation formed of artificial soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a bed soil layer formed of artificial soil of another example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 8 Substrate 9 Waterproof mat 10 Plate-shaped member 11 Non-woven fabric

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 18, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0038

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

First, the artificial soil storage section 6 is formed on the roof of the building . It is preferable that the artificial soil storage section 6 has a rectangular shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, or the like in addition to the L shape in a plan view.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0039

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

After that, a waterproof mat 9 made of vinyl chloride or rubber is laid on the base 8 in the artificial soil storage section 6 .
When the substrate 8 has a waterproof layer-protecting mortar finish, the laying of the waterproof mat 9 may be omitted.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0045

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Further, when watering the planting Gardens 1, water to the extent that the minimum required for growth of trees Ru is held in the artificial soil layer 7, excess water is an artificial soil layer 7, the nonwoven fabric 11
And the plate-shaped member 10 to reach the waterproof mat 9,
Further, the water is promptly drained from the drain port (not shown) through the gap between the waterproof mat 9 and the plate member 10.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Explanation of code

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Explanation of symbols] 8 base 9 waterproof mat 10 plate member 11 non-woven fabric

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Fig. 2]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display area C09K 17/00 B

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An inorganic material comprising at least one selected from natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite.
An artificial soil characterized by having a specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.55 by mixing inorganic ceramics, which is a ceramic of natural zeolite, and an organic material. 2. An inorganic material comprising at least one selected from natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite.
An artificial soil characterized by mixing inorganic ceramics obtained by converting natural zeolite into ceramics, organic material, and sand sand. 3. A waterproof mat 9 is laid on a concrete or concrete mortar-finished base 8, and then a plate-shaped member 10 having unevenness made of pressure-resistant plastic is laid on the mat 9, and then the plate-shaped Nonwoven fabric 11 on the member 10
Next, on the non-woven fabric 11, an inorganic material formed by selecting one or more of natural zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, inorganic ceramics obtained by converting natural zeolite into a ceramic, and an organic material. A planting method characterized by mixing and mixing artificial soil with a specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.55 at the same time as or after the introduction. 4. A base 8 having a mortar finish for protecting the waterproof layer.
On top, lay a plate-shaped member 10 having unevenness made of pressure-resistant plastic, then spread a non-woven fabric 11 on the plate-shaped member 10, then on the non-woven fabric 11, natural zeolite and vermiculite and perlite Inorganic materials made by selecting one or more of the above, inorganic ceramics obtained by converting natural zeolite into ceramics, and organic materials are mixed to obtain a specific gravity of 0.
A planting method characterized by planting artificial soil of 40 to 0.55 at the same time as or after the introduction.