JP2002335747A - Vegetation base material for afforestation, vegetation unit and method for specific space afforestation using the vegetation base material and vegetation unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation base material for afforestation, a vegetation unit, etc., with which a drought-resistant plant can be simply planted in a short period, a maintenance tending operation is not required at all, a planted plant can be preferably grown for a long period of time. SOLUTION: This vegetation base material 1 made of ceramic is constituted of a granulated part 3 obtained by mixing granulated aggregates of a porous inorganic material having 5-15 mm particle diameters with glass, molding the mixture and firing the molding and a fine particle part 2 obtained by mixing a particle aggregate composed of a porous inorganic material having <=3 mm particle diameter as a raw material with glass, molding the mixture and firing the molding. The surfaces of the granulated aggregates are coated with porous crystallized glass having through holes, the granulated aggregates are partially bonded each other and a great number of 0.4-10 mm open pore spaces are formed. Consequently, a drought-resistant plant can be planted by a soilless growth.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation base material, a vegetation unit, and a vegetation method that can be used for vegetation of walls and the like in structures such as buildings, rivers, roads, and dams. The present invention relates to a vegetation base material for vegetation, a vegetation unit that has excellent water permeability, strength, and durability, and that can cultivate and grow planted plants in a short period of time, and a method of greening a special space using these.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in Japan, the "heat island phenomenon" in which the temperature rises locally in urban areas where concrete structures such as buildings stand in forests has become a problem. The heat island phenomenon is considered to be caused by a large amount of exhaust heat generated in cities, overcrowding of concrete structures that easily absorb solar heat, and a decrease in the area of green spaces.

Therefore, recently, various greening techniques (greening methods) for suppressing the heat island phenomenon by covering a concrete structure with plants have been attracting attention. In particular, greening of special spaces, such as artificial ground, rooftops, walls, etc., where it was previously difficult to plant green, where healthy plant growth cannot be expected unless artificial measures are taken, Significant.

As a well-known conventional greening method for a special greening space, an artificial lightweight soil made of perlite or the like is placed on the roof of a structure, and plants are planted there, or ivy or ivy is used. Such a vine plant can be crawled on the wall of the structure.

Also, a method of using a greening unit in which soil is mixed into a nonwoven fabric and planting sedum with roots therein and disposing them on the roof of a structure, or using natural bark as a soilless lightweight medium A planting Sedum plant or a greening unit, which is a combination of a drought-tolerant plant and a medium material grown to a transplantable level, is made of a porous material with a void that allows the root of the plant to enter. A method of attaching to a surface of a green plant made of concrete (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
No. 172706) is also known. Furthermore, in the case of slope revegetation, many construction methods by seed spraying (thick base material mixing) are performed.

[0006] These greening techniques can effectively suppress the absorption and radiation of solar heat on the roof surface and wall surfaces of the structure by utilizing the heat insulating effect of plants, and contribute to the suppression of the heat island phenomenon and also to energy saving. Also contributed,
In addition, an effect of protecting buildings and the like from acid rain can also be expected.

[0007]

The greening of a special space is
Environmental conditions such as light, water, temperature, wind and soil are severely restricted. The greening of the special space is different from horticulture in that it is carried out with little management, requiring little maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, mowing, etc., and must be capable of permanent growth under natural conditions. To date, various materials and construction methods have been developed, but afforestation technology that satisfies the constraints of various related laws and regulations (Building Standards Act, Fire Service Act, etc.) and does not require management of irrigation, fertilization, mowing, etc. is still available. It has not been realized.

More specifically, among the conventional greening techniques described above, the rooftop greening technique using artificial lightweight soil is:
Since the material is lightweight, there is a disadvantage that it is blown off when the wind blows. In particular, the rooftops of buildings are often exposed to strong winds, so effective countermeasures against strong winds must be taken.In addition, artificial light soils may be washed away due to rainfall. There is a problem that must be done. In addition, natural stone is required as a raw material for artificial lightweight soil, and there are many obstacles to its implementation from the viewpoint of resource issues.

[0009] Among wall greening methods in which vines are crawled on the wall of a structure, those using ivy plants are:
As the characteristics of ivy plants, they have the advantage of being robust and growing vigorously, but they require regular complicated maintenance such as irrigation and pruning, and many ivy plants are deciduous Therefore, there is a problem that the green canopy effect cannot be expected in winter. Also, in winter, there is a problem in fire prevention against fire. On the other hand, the wall greening method using ivy can be expected to have the effect of anniversary since ivy is an evergreen tree.However, it takes a long time to grow the structure to the extent that it can be covered, and Similar to the case of plants, there is a problem that maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, and pruning is required.

[0010] The greening method using a greening unit in which rooted sedum is planted in soil mixed with the nonwoven fabric has problems in environmental adaptability of rooted sedum and durability of the nonwoven fabric. Is difficult to maintain. In addition, when installed on a structure, there is a problem that a root prevention layer, a drainage layer, and the like are required, and the cost increases.

Using natural bark as a soilless lightweight medium,
The greening method of planting a Sedum plant there has a problem in the durability of natural bark. In the case of a greening method using porous concrete, there are the following problems.
Porous concrete is originally poor in water retention function because pores are not formed in the cement paste of the aggregate and the binding film, and is not suitable for microorganisms. For this reason, the greening method using porous concrete presupposes that filler such as soil, fertilizer, peat moss is filled into the voids of the porous concrete as a base for plants to be vegetated, but at the time of construction, If such a filling operation is required, it will take considerable effort and time. In addition, compared to the construction of a concrete structure that does not require greening, a large amount of cost is required.

Furthermore, even after construction, the filler may be washed away by rain, wind, or the like. In particular, when the surface to be greened is a steep or vertical wall, there is a possibility that the filler will be washed away by rain. Notable. Also, even if the filler escapes from external forces such as wind and rain, nutrients in the filler are lost over time as the plants grow, so porous concrete that fills the soil etc. In the case of the revegetation method used, it is necessary to replenish nutrients periodically after the construction, and there is a problem that the maintenance is complicated and the cost increases accordingly.

[0013] Further, as a plant growth environment, it is desirable that the vegetation base material is weakly acidic. However, calcium ions are eluted from porous concrete for a long time after construction, so even if plants are planted. In addition, the surrounding environment becomes not only strongly alkaline, which is unsuitable for vegetation, but also calcium salts concentrate on the root surface of the planted plant, impeding nutrient absorption, and hindering growth. .

The seed spraying method used in the method of revegetating the slope has almost no management after vegetation, so that weeds prosper and have an unsightly appearance. Further, when applied to steep slopes, the vegetation environment is severe and vegetation is difficult.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and can easily plant a drought-resistant plant such as a Sedum genus plant in a short period of time. Vegetation base material for vegetation, vegetation unit, and special space using these, which can grow planted plants over a long period of time without any need for maintenance work such as soil filling, pruning, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for greening.

[0016]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have developed a vegetation capable of solving the problems in view of the problems in the conventional revegetation technology employing various vegetation base materials and various plants as described above. As a result of various studies on the base material and the plant, the most suitable for the growth of the plant (Sedum plant) selected for planting management reasons, and a granular material (granulated) obtained by granulating a porous material by granulation Material) as an aggregate, and a sintered plate obtained by combining the aggregate with a predetermined amount of a crystallized glass composition,
It can secure the characteristics as a vegetation base material for revegetation (that is, it has both water retention and water permeability and is capable of inhabiting microorganisms). Furthermore, planting Sedum plants on this vegetation base material to unitize The present invention has been completed by focusing on the fact that the use of such a system (vegetation unit) makes it possible to easily realize short-term greening and permanent greening of a special space.

The vegetation base material for revegetation according to the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by molding and firing a mixture of coarse aggregate having a particle size in the range of 5 to 15 mm and glass. And a part or all of the surface of the coarse aggregate is 10
Coated with a porous crystallized glass having a through hole of １００100 μm, and the coarse aggregates are partially bonded to each other by the porous crystallized glass, and
A large number of continuous pores of 0.4 to 10 mm are formed between the coarse-grained aggregates to provide water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability, and to be a drought-resistant plant such as a Sedum plant of the family Crassulaceae. Is characterized by being able to be planted without soil.

The vegetation base material for greening according to the second aspect of the present invention is a coarse vegetation material obtained by shaping and firing a mixture of coarse aggregate having a particle size in the range of 5 to 15 mm and glass. And a fine-grained part obtained by molding and firing a mixture of glass and a particle aggregate made of a porous inorganic material having a particle diameter of 3 mm or less, Part or all of the surface of the granular aggregate is 10 to 1
Coated with a porous crystallized glass having a through-hole of 00 μm, the coarse-grained aggregates are partially bonded to each other by the porous crystallized glass, and a gap between the coarse-grained aggregates is 0%. By forming a large number of continuous pores of 4 to 10 mm, water-retaining property, water-permeability, strength, and durability are provided, and a drought-resistant plant such as a Sedum plant of the family Crassulaceae can be planted without soil. It is characterized by having comprised.

In this case, each of the coarse-grained portion and the fine-grained portion is formed in a flat plate shape and is formed in a layer shape, or
It is preferable that the fine-grain portion is formed in a container shape, and the coarse-grain portion is arranged inside the container shape of the fine-grain portion. It is preferable that the particle aggregate is 45 to 80% and the porous crystallized glass formed by soda-lime glass and hydraulic cement is 20 to 55%.

On the other hand, the mixing ratio of the coarse-grained aggregate and the glass is 60-95% by weight, and the porous crystallized glass produced by the soda-lime glass and the hydraulic cement is 5%.
It is preferably about 40%.

One feature of the vegetation base material for greening according to the present invention is that a drought-resistant plant can be planted without filling with a filler such as soil, that is, without soil. However, it does not exclude that the filler such as soil is filled.For example, when the filler such as black soil or organic fertilizer is filled in the continuous pores, the microorganisms are transplanted inside the vegetation base material. Vegetation base material can be quickly soiled. In this case, it is preferable to fill the filler in an amount corresponding to 0.1 to 10% of the volume of the vegetation base material for greening.

In the vegetation unit according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, a sedum plant of the family Crassifidae is planted on a ceramic plate-like greening vegetation base material having water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability. It is characterized by being alive. In addition, as the vegetation base material for greening in this vegetation unit, it is preferable to use those described in claims 1 to 7. In addition, it is preferable that the plant of the genus Sedum belonging to the family Crimsonaceae is preliminarily subjected to rooting treatment of a cut seedling and then self-sustained.

The greening method according to claim 11 of the present invention comprises:
By arranging the vegetation units according to claims 8 to 10 in a special space, the vegetation units can be implemented without requiring management such as irrigation, fertilization, and mowing. In this case, if an appropriate drought stress is applied to the plant plant, germination and growth of plants other than the plant plant can be prevented, and only the plant plant can be suitably grown.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The vegetation base material for greening according to the first embodiment of the present invention is basically formed by mixing a coarse grain aggregate with glass into a flat plate having a length of about 40 cm, a width of about 25 cm, and a thickness of about 5 cm. This is fired (ceramics).

In the present embodiment, as a raw material of the coarse-grained aggregate, an inorganic material (for example, coal ash clinker ash, etc.) having a large number of pores of 0.1 to 100 μm which contributes to water retention and serves as a dwelling place for microorganisms. ) Is used, and the coarse-grained aggregate in the present embodiment is formed by granulating such fine particles of a porous inorganic material. Hereinafter, in the present specification, among the coarse-grained aggregates, the aggregate formed by granulating the fine particles in this way is referred to as “granulated aggregate”.

In the greening vegetation base material, a part or the whole of the surface of the granulated aggregate is covered with a porous crystallized glass having a through hole of 10 to 100 μm. The granulated aggregates are partially bonded to each other, and 0.4 to 10 m between the granulated aggregates.
The structure is such that a large number of m continuous pores are formed.

The greening vegetation base material having such an internal structure can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, the inorganic material is granulated to a particle size of 5 mm.
A granulated aggregate prepared as described above and a porous crystallized glass (binder) made of soda-lime glass and hydraulic cement are prepared, and the granulated aggregate has a weight ratio of 60 to 50%.
It is blended so that 95% and the content of the porous crystallized glass is 5 to 40%.

Then, 10 to 25 of the total weight of this formulation
Weight% of molding water is added and mixed, and the obtained mixture (granulated aggregate mixture) is put into a mold, and the molding surface pressure is 5 k.
Vibration molding is performed at g / cm ² or less to form a predetermined shape. After curing and curing, it is fired at 1000 to 1200 ° C.

When a greening vegetation base material is produced by such a method, granulated aggregate having a large number of pores of 0.1 to 100 μm (occupying 10 to 40% of the volume of the granulated aggregate). Is partially or entirely coated with a porous crystallized glass, and the porous crystallized glass has 10 to 100
A through hole of μm will be formed. In addition, the granulated aggregates are partially bonded by the porous crystallized glass, and a continuous pore of 0.4 mm or more that does not inhibit the elongation of the plant root is formed between the granulated aggregates. Will be done.

And, due to these pores, through-holes and continuous pores, this greening vegetation base material has an effective water holding capacity (pF 1.8 to 3.F) by soil pF test (centrifugal method: JFS T151). Water retention under the condition of 0) It is possible to have both water retention and water permeability of about 80 liters / m ³ , and the granulated aggregate is firmly bound by the crystallized glass, so that sufficient strength is obtained. And durability can be ensured. When manufactured by the above-described method, the weight of the greening vegetation base material is relatively light (bulk specific gravity of about 1.2).

The structure of the vegetation base material for revegetation having such characteristics is similar to the aggregate structure of soil as it exists in nature. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the aggregate structure of the soil is, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, a micro-aggregate 8 having small holes 7 in which microorganisms such as bacteria and bacteria containing a large amount of water live, and a large macro-aggregate in which these micro-aggregates 8 are gathered. An aggregate 9 is formed, and a protozoan inhabits the macro aggregate 9. There are many gaps 10 in the aggregate structure of the soil, where water and air enter and exit moderately, and plant roots enter to suck up moisture and breathe. The healthy soil as a planting base is about 40% solid layer, 30% liquid layer, and 30% gas layer.

On the other hand, the vegetation base material for greening according to the present embodiment is also similar to the aggregate structure of the soil, and has water retention, water permeability, and air permeability as the aggregate structure of the soil has. I have. That is, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, this greening vegetation base material is a porous crystallized glass in which a granulated aggregate 12 having a large number of pores 11 is partially or entirely coated on its surface. 13 (joining portions 13 a), and continuous pores 14 are formed between the granulated aggregates 12. Also, a large number of through holes 15 communicating with the continuous pores 14 are formed in the 13 layers of the coated porous crystallized glass.

Such water retention and water permeability are not provided by pores, through holes, and pores, but by continuous pores. Porous crystallized glass is used to partially form the granulated aggregate. 0.4-10mm between the aggregates
Has the above-mentioned characteristics because of having the continuous pores. That is, the granulated aggregate corresponds to the macro aggregate of the soil aggregate structure, and the portion where the pores of the granulated aggregate are distributed corresponds to the micro aggregate.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the granulated aggregate 12 shown in FIG. 2 is formed by aggregating the porous fine particles 4 having a large number of intraparticle voids 21 therein. 4 has a structure (see (2) in FIG. 3) in which a particle mass 5 having a large number of voids (interparticle voids 6) is further aggregated.
The pores 11 of the granulated aggregate 12 shown in (1) are constituted by the intraparticle voids 21 and the interparticle voids 6.

The porosity of the greening vegetation base material thus formed is 30 to 60%, and the ratio of the liquid layer to the air layer of the healthy soil as the above-mentioned planting base can be achieved. .

In this embodiment, coal ash clinker ash or the like can be suitably used as an inorganic material as a raw material of the granulated aggregate, but other materials such as crushed Oya stone and Also, a material such as diatomaceous earth can be used. Further, the final shape is not necessarily required to be a flat plate shape, and may be formed into a block shape, for example.

Next, a greening vegetation base material according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the vegetation base material 1 for greening in this embodiment is formed by mixing glass with granulated aggregate (coarse aggregate) having a particle size in a range of 5 to 15 mm. Part 3 (hereinafter referred to as “granulated part (3)”), which is made by firing and a particle aggregate made of a porous inorganic material having a particle diameter of 3 mm or less as a raw material. And a fine-grained portion 2 formed by baking and firing the mixture, and the periphery (each side surface and bottom surface) of the granulation portion 3 is covered with the fine-grained portion 2, in other words, For example, the granulation unit 3 is housed inside the container of the fine particle unit 2 formed into a container, and has an integrated structure.

In each of the fine-grained portion 2 and the granulated portion 3, a part or all of the surface of the aggregate (granulated aggregate and particle aggregate) has a porous material having a through hole of 10 to 100 μm. The structure is coated with crystallized glass, and the aggregates are partially bonded to each other by the porous crystallized glass.

The granulating section 3 in the greening vegetation base material 1 has a configuration substantially similar to that of the greening vegetation base material in the first embodiment. Therefore, this granulation unit 3
Can be manufactured by a method similar to the method described in the first embodiment.

On the other hand, the fine grain portion 2 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, as a particle aggregate, an inorganic material (for example, coal ash clinker ash, etc.) having a particle size of 3 mm or less and having a large number of pores of 0.1 to 100 μm which contributes to water retention and serves as a home for microorganisms is prepared. Then, a porous crystallized glass made of soda-lime glass and hydraulic cement is prepared as a binder. And, by weight ratio, the particle aggregate is 45 to 80.
%, And the content of the porous crystallized glass is 20 to 55%.

Then, 10 to 25 of the total weight of this formulation
Weight% of molding water is added and mixed, and the obtained mixture is put into a mold frame, subjected to vibration molding at a molding surface pressure of 3 kg / cm ² or more, and molded into a container shape. After curing and curing, 1
Bake at 000-1200 ° C.

As described above, the fine-grained portion 2 and the granulated portion 3 constituting the greening vegetation base material 1 in this embodiment are both formed into ceramics by firing at the end of the manufacturing process. is there. The greening vegetation base material 1 performs the firing of the fine-grained portion 2 and the firing of the granulated portion 3 separately, and after firing, the granulated portion 3
The granulated aggregate mixture (before vibration molding and firing) is put into the container inside the fine grain portion 2 (before firing) which has been formed into a container shape by vibration molding.
It can also be manufactured by firing both at once after integrating them.

The greening vegetation base material 1 manufactured by such a method includes a part or all of the surface of the granulated aggregate in the granulation part 3 and one part of the surface of the particle aggregate in the fine part 2. A part or the whole is covered with a porous crystallized glass having a through hole of 10 to 100 μm, and aggregates (granulated aggregates and particle aggregates) are partially bonded by the porous crystallized glass. And between those aggregates,
Many continuous pores will be formed.

However, the particle size of the aggregate used is different between the fine-grain portion 2 and the granulation portion 3 (the particle size of the granulated aggregate is 5
１５15 mm, whereas the particle size of the particle aggregate is 3 mm
Therefore, a difference occurs in the size of the continuous pores formed between the aggregates, and as a result, a difference occurs in the function.

More specifically, in the granulating section 3, granulated aggregate having a particle size in the range of 5 to 15 mm is used, so that the root elongation of the plant is not provided between the granulated aggregates. The continuous pores 14 having a diameter of 0.4 mm or more that do not hinder the formation are formed. On the other hand, in the fine grain portion 2, the particle aggregate having a particle diameter of 3 mm or less is used. 500 μm
The following continuous pores are formed, and as a result, the fine-grain portion 2 has excellent root-proofing and heat-insulating functions.

As described above, the greening vegetation base material 1 composed of the granulation unit 3 and the fine granule unit 2 not only has moderate water retention and water permeability as a whole, but also has Part 2
The advantages of each, namely, the function as a plant growth base that does not inhibit the elongation of roots, and the function of root prevention and heat insulation, have the ideal structure as a material used for greening special spaces. Has become.

As an example, the thickness of the granulation unit 3 is set to 40 m.
m, the thickness of the fine grain portion 2 is set to 10 mm, and when the vegetation base material 1 for greening is manufactured, the effective water content is 85 l / m ³ , the maximum water absorption is 28 vol%, and the water permeability is 6 ×
Physical properties of 10 ⁻² cm / sec can be achieved.

The thickness of the vegetation base material 1 for greening depends on the weight restrictions (building standard law, etc.) and the manufacturing / Considering the transportation cost, a thin layer (for example, 100 mm
Below), and the thickness of the granulation part 3 is 2
The thickness of the fine grain portion 2 is preferably 0 to 95 mm and 5 to 20 mm.

In this embodiment, coal ash clinker ash or the like can be suitably used as an inorganic material as a raw material of the granulated aggregate and the particle aggregate. Materials such as crushed materials and diatomaceous earth can also be used.

In the present embodiment, the greening vegetation base material 1 has a structure in which the periphery (each side surface and bottom surface) of the granulating portion 3 is covered by the fine grain portion 2 as described above. However, a simple two-layer structure in which the fine-grain part 2 is a lower layer and the granulation part 3 is an upper layer can be used.
Can be formed into a block shape instead of a flat plate shape.

Next, a vegetation unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The vegetation unit in the present embodiment is basically a plant obtained by planting a drought-resistant plant on the greening vegetation base material 1 (see FIG. 4) described as the second embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a plant belonging to the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae is used as a drought-resistant plant to be planted. These plants have an advanced water storage function, can grow even in extremely dry conditions, and have the advantage that they do not require much time for planting because they can be easily settled on vegetation base materials for greening. ing. In addition, even if it is a plant other than the genus Sedum, as long as it is a drought-tolerant plant, for example, a cruciferous plant such as pine wood can be planted.

The specific planting method is as follows. First, cut seedlings of the genus Sedum to be planted are prepared. The cut seedling is obtained by cutting off a part of a bud of the mother plant of the genus Sedum from a tip of about 5 cm from the tip. In this embodiment,
The reason why cut seedlings are used instead of rooted seedlings is that economical planting becomes possible. If rooted seedlings are used, the environment before planting (general soil) And the environment (ceramics) after planting is different, the seedlings may decline, but when cutting seedlings are used,
This is because it is possible to expect growth that matches the environment after planting.

Next, rooting treatment of the cut seedlings is performed. In this rooting treatment, for example, the cut seedlings are placed in an indoor environment adjusted to a temperature of about 23 to 7 ° C. and left in this state for 5 to 10 days to newly generate roots from the cut surface of the cut seedlings. This is the process for causing

Then, by performing rooting processing, 5 m
Approximately m rooted seedlings are selected and planted on the vegetation base material 1 (self-standing planting). Then, the roots generated on the cut surface of the cut seedling by the rooting treatment enter the through holes, continuous pores, and the like of the vegetation base material 1, and after a few days, the roots take root.

In this embodiment, since the cut seedlings are planted after the rooting treatment is performed, the growing period (the period from planting to survival) is longer than when the rooting treatment is not performed.
Can be shortened by about 1 to 2 weeks, and the growth is economical and reliable without being affected by wind and rain immediately after planting.

As described in the first embodiment, the vegetation base material 1 for greening can be easily activated on the vegetation base material 1 for greening because the vegetation base material 1 for greening is called water retention and water permeability. This is because it has functions. In addition, the main root of Sedum plants usually has a diameter of 0.3.
However, when it is about 0.5 mm, a large number of continuous pores of 0.4 to 10 mm are formed inside the granulation part 3 of the vegetation base material 1 for greening according to the size of the root of the Sedum plant. As a result, the roots can easily enter the continuous pores and survive.

However, although it is possible to plant without water and without soil, this greening vegetation base material 1 is a baked product, so that the presence of microorganisms in the interior at the same level as soil cannot be expected. Therefore,
By transplanting microorganisms inside the vegetation base material 1,
Prior to planting,
The soil component can be filled in the vegetation base material 1.
In this case, the filling amount of the soil component may be about 1 to 10% (preferably about 5%) of the volume of the vegetation base material 1. As the soil component to be filled, it is desirable to use a mixture of black soil containing many microorganisms and organic substances such as bark fertilizer and peat moss, which are nutrient sources of the microorganisms.

The vegetation unit according to the present embodiment is obtained by planting a Sedum plant on the vegetation base material 1 for greening by the above-described method, and is installed in a special space as described later. Consideration is given to stable and sufficient greening in special spaces. Then, in order to grow the plants planted on the vegetation base material 1 well even after the installation of the vegetation unit and to achieve stable and sufficient greening, the adaptability of the planted plants to the installation environment is as follows: It becomes an important factor.

Specifically, prior to the installation of the vegetation unit, the vegetation unit is placed in an environment suitable for the growth of the planted Sedum plants to promote the growth of the Sedum plants. It is easy to overgrow the Sedum plants so that they cover up the vegetation, but once they have grown to such a state, when the vegetation unit is set up in a special space, the plant changes due to environmental changes. Plants can fade in a short period of time.

In order to avoid such a situation, it is desirable to adjust the growth state of the plant on the vegetation base material 1 after the vegetation unit is manufactured and before it is installed in a special space. More specifically, in the production process of the vegetation unit, when a plant is planted on the vegetation base material 1, a new shoot is generated from a cut seedling (one bud) of the planted plant, and a few shoots of 2-3 buds are 3 cm.
It is preferable to suppress the growth of the plant plant at the time when the plant has grown to the extent.

Such growth can be suppressed by applying a drought stress (for example, by reducing the amount of irrigation or eliminating natural irrigation due to rainfall in the growing environment).

The vegetation unit according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by the method described above, and can be used to simplify a special space by sticking it to a greening surface such as a wall surface or a roof of a concrete structure. Can be greened. The vegetation base material for greening that constitutes this vegetation unit is relatively lightweight (bulk specific gravity 1.2) as described above.
Degree), so even if the surface to be pasted is vertical,
For example, the bonding can be performed by using an epoxy resin adhesive or the like, and the bonding can be performed very easily.

The sedum, which has been activated on the greening vegetation base material, can be left without watering, fertilizing, and other maintenance work even after the greening vegetation base material is attached to the wall surface. The growth can be suitably continued just by doing.

This is because the vegetation base material for greening has a large number of voids and has water retention, so that microorganisms can live therein, and adsorbed dust and the like can be prevented. This is because those microorganisms can decompose the organic matter and supply nutrients to the drought-resistant plant.

As described above, if the vegetation unit according to the present embodiment is used, greening of the special space can be realized very easily. Furthermore, after the construction, if the planting plant material 1 for greening and the planting plant are placed in an extremely dry state and configured to give a drought stress, the germination, survival and growth of plants other than the planting plant are suppressed, Only planted plants can be selectively grown.

[0067]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a vegetation unit according to the present invention will be described below. In the present embodiment, two types of vegetation units A and B are prepared by using granulated aggregates having different particle diameters, and these are pasted on concrete wall surfaces to perform greening of a special space, thereby planting. Plant growth observations were made. In these vegetation units A and B, plants were planted on a greening vegetation base material composed of a fine-grained portion formed into a container and a granulation portion disposed inside the container, and the plant was activated. Things.

Here, a specific method of manufacturing the vegetation units A and B used in this embodiment will be described. First, a fine grain portion 2 as shown in FIG. 4 was manufactured. The fine-grain portion 2 is composed of 60% by weight of coal ash clinker ash having a particle size of 0.01 to 3 mm, 20% by weight of soda-lime glass, and 20% by weight of hydraulic cement.
The mixture obtained by adding and mixing 2% by weight is molded at a molding pressure of 10 kg /
4 by pressing at ² cm (outer size: 400 × 250 × 50 mm, inner size: 380 × 2
(30 x 40 mm) and cured and cured.

Next, as a granulated aggregate for forming a granulated portion, one having a particle size of 5 to 10 mm (granulated aggregate A) and one having a particle size of 10 to 15 mm (granulated aggregate B) And two kinds were prepared. Each of the granulated aggregates A and B had a particle size of 2
mm or less coal ash clinker ash 68.5% by weight
And 30.0% by weight of blast furnace slag fine powder and 1.5% by weight of caustic soda, and about 20% by weight of granulated water is added to the blending amount (total amount) of these blending materials, and the bread mold is added. Each was manufactured using a granulator.

Then, soda lime glass and hydraulic cement were added to these granulated aggregates A and B, and molding water was added thereto, followed by mixing with an omni mixer. A and B were respectively charged into the fine grain portions 2A and 2B, and were subjected to vibration molding at a molding pressure of 0.03 kg / cm ² . In addition, the compounding amount of the granulated aggregate mixture A, B,
And the amount of molding water is as shown in Table 1 below.

[0071]

[Table 1]

Next, the fine grained portions 2A, 2B and the granulated aggregate mixture A, B charged therein are fired under the following conditions, so that the greening vegetation base material A, B is obtained. B was obtained. Firing model: Roller hearth kiln Firing temperature: 1160 ° C Firing time: 3 hours

The physical properties of the greening vegetation base materials A and B thus produced were as shown in Table 2 below.

[0074]

[Table 2]

The distribution of the pores in the particles constituting the granulated portion of the greening vegetation base material A (particles obtained by firing the granulated aggregate mixture A) was measured by a mercury intrusion method. The result as shown in FIG. 6 was obtained.

As shown in this figure, the integrated pore amount (void amount) of the particles constituting the granulated portion of the vegetation base material A for greening is 0.01 c / pore with a diameter of 100 μm or more.
c / g and 0.23 cc / g for pores with a diameter of 1 μm or more. Therefore, the amount of the void having a diameter in the range of 1 to 100 μm is 0.22 cc / g.
It is said that a void having a diameter in the range of 1 to 100 μm is suitable as a place where microorganisms live and contributes to water absorption and retention.

On the other hand, when the specific gravity of the particles was measured, a result of 1.53 was obtained. Therefore, in this particle, the volume of the void (0.22 cc / g) having a diameter in the range of 1 to 100 μm is converted into a volume of 0.3.
That is, 4 cc / cc. In other words, 34% of the volume of these particles is occupied by voids (voids having a diameter in the range of 1 to 100 μm) that are suitable as microorganisms and contribute to water absorption and retention.

Then, a mixture (1: 1) of black soil and bark compost corresponding to 4% of the volume (5,000 cc) was filled in the greening vegetation base materials A and B having the above characteristics, Was transplanted.

Next, rooting treatment of cut seedlings (cut off from the tip of the buds of the mother plant to about 5 cm) of the Sesame plant, which is a plant belonging to the genus Sedum, was carried out in an indoor environment adjusted to a temperature of 25 ° C. Days). Then, among the cut seedlings subjected to rooting treatment, cut seedlings whose rooting was confirmed to be about 5 mm were selected and planted on the greening vegetation base materials A and B, respectively.

As a result, in each of the greening vegetation base materials A and B, the cut seedlings survived in about 3 days under the condition of the temperature of 18 to 26 ° C. After that, new shoots and roots are generated from the cut seedlings, the shoots grow and become stumps (2 to 3 shoots), the roots enter the inside of the vegetation base material, and the seedlings take root. , It became more solid. In addition, when the average temperature was about 20 ° C., it was confirmed that such a strong rooted state was obtained about one month after planting the cut seedlings.

Vegetation units A and B, which are obtained by planting Mexican stonecrop on vegetation base materials A and B in this way,
By sticking each to the concrete wall,
A greening experiment of a special space was performed.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state where the vegetation unit A is attached to the concrete wall surface 17. As is clear from this figure, the vegetation unit A was first attached.
This was performed by disposing a stopper metal fitting 19 at the lowermost stage, pasting the vegetation unit A coated with the resin-based adhesive 18 thereon, and further stacking another vegetation unit A thereon. In addition, the figure which shows the pasting state of the vegetation unit B, and the description thereof are the same as those in the case where the vegetation unit A is used, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

After the pasting of the vegetation units A and B was completed in this way, the growth of the plant 20 was observed without performing maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, and weed treatment. First, from early spring, shoots grew with an increase in temperature and rainfall, and cut seedlings grew into a stock having a diameter of about 7 cm. After that, flowering took place in mid-May.

Further, in the rainy season, the runners having a horizontal diameter grow, and new roots and buds are generated from the runners. The roots enter the inside of the vegetation base material, take root, and grow into a stock. . The strain grew to a diameter of about 10 cm.

When the temperature dropped in autumn, the leaves turned red and the whole leaves became yellow. In winter, when the precipitation decreased, the leaves became compact. However, in the following spring, the same growth cycle as the previous year was performed, and even after three years, the same cycle was repeated, no decline phenomenon was observed, and sufficient greening was maintained. Weeds did not enter during this period.

The Sedum plants vegetated in Japan are:
"It grows most during the hot and humid rainy season (June), when the average temperature rises from 20 ° C to 25 ° C or more, and is dormant in cold and dry winters.
It is known to repeat the annual growth cycle of "stop growth". Sedum plants in the hot and humid period cause interstellar stalks that become longer, and after that, decay at high temperatures or cause fatal root rot, so growth management in the rainy season is the most important. Become. That is, the water retention of the growth base affects the growth failure.

It is generally said that sandy soil is more suitable as a growth medium for Sedum plants than general soil. Sandy soil has characteristics of high water permeability and low water retention (volume water retention ratio: about 20 to 25%),
This is because these characteristics are considered to be suitable for the growth environment of Sedum plants.

Therefore, in order to confirm the suitability of the vegetation base material A for greening produced in the present example as a growth medium for Sedum plants, an artificial rainfall test was carried out. For each of the black soil, which is general soil,
The volume retention ratio was measured.

As a result, the vegetation base material A for greening according to the present embodiment maintains the volume water retention ratio at an average of about 18% even in a rainy environment corresponding to a high-temperature and high-humidity rainy season, and has an average of 5%.
Compared to the black soil having a result of 1%, it has been found that the soil has a base property close to that of sandy soil in terms of high permeability and low water retention.

[0090]

As described above, the vegetation base material for greening according to the present invention has both water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability, and is capable of planting drought-resistant plants without soil. Therefore, plants can be planted with extremely simple work, and the economy is excellent.

Also, since a large number of continuous pores of 0.4 to 10 mm are formed inside the greening vegetation base material in accordance with the size of the roots of the plant to be planted,
Roots can easily penetrate into their continuous pores and survive in a short time. Even after planting, irrigation,
Maintenance work such as fertilization is not required at all and is economical.

Further, when a plant of the genus Sedum is planted on the vegetation base material for greening according to the present invention, permanent greening with three types of growth patterns (sprout, runner and seed from the original strain) becomes possible, and Green coverage can be secured. In addition, because this vegetation base material for greening has a lower water retention than ordinary soil, Sedum plants grow compactly without lengthening,
Permanent vegetation without pressure by weed contamination is possible.

Cut seedlings (approximately 5 cm to 10 cm) of the genus Sedum, which have been rooted under temperature control, are independently planted in a planting hole (2 cm deep) of a vegetation base material for greening to form a vegetation unit. Is filled with filler (soil and bark compost), and the soil is initially cultivated. When grown outdoors with an average daily temperature of about 20 ° C to 25 ° C, it grows early in about one month.
It can be shipped. After shipment and installation of this vegetation unit, unmanaged planting that does not require irrigation, fertilization, and mowing for a long period of time is possible, and this has a great effect especially on slopes that have been considered difficult to maintain. is there.

Further, if the vegetation unit according to the present invention is used, special spaces (rooftops of buildings in urban areas, wall surfaces, slopes of rivers, roads, wall surfaces, etc.) can be greened only by extremely simple construction work. Even after the construction, maintenance at the greening site such as irrigation and fertilization is unnecessary, and the greening of the special space suppresses or alleviates the heat island phenomenon, further improves the landscape and creates a comfortable space. , Protection of ecosystems, effective use of cities, and advanced use.

[0095] Furthermore, in the case where a drought stress is applied after the construction, the germination, vigor and growth of other plants are suppressed, and only the planted drought-resistant plants are selectively and stably obtained. Can be grown.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the aggregate structure of soil existing in nature.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstructure of a greening vegetation base material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the fine structure of the granulated aggregate 12 of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional perspective view of a greening vegetation base material 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state where the vegetation unit A is attached to a concrete wall surface 17 in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a measurement result of a pore distribution in a granulation unit manufactured in an example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: vegetation base material for greening, 2: fine-grained part, 3: granulated part, 4: fine particles, 5: particle mass, 6: interparticle void, 7: pore, 8: micro-aggregate, 9: macro-aggregate Granules, 10: gaps, 11: pores, 12: granulated aggregate, 13: porous crystallized glass, 14: continuous pores, 15: through holes, 17: concrete wall, 18: resin adhesive, 19: Stopper metal fittings, 20: plant plant, 21: void in particle,

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2B022 AB04 AB20 BA01 BA02 BB02 2D018 EA02 2D044 DA16

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A ceramic plate-shaped vegetation base material obtained by molding and firing a mixture of glass and coarse-grained aggregate having a particle size in the range of 5 to 15 mm, Part or all of the surface is 10-100μ
m, and the coarse-grained aggregates are partially bonded to each other by the porous crystallized glass, and 0 between the coarse-grained aggregates. By having a large number of continuous pores of 4 to 10 mm formed, it has water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability, and is configured to be capable of planting a drought-resistant plant such as a Sedum plant of the family Crassulaceae. A vegetation base material for greening characterized by the following. 2. A coarse-grained portion obtained by molding and firing a mixture of coarse-grained aggregate having a particle size in the range of 5 to 15 mm and glass, and a porous inorganic material having a particle size of 3 mm or less. A fine-grained portion formed by molding and firing a mixture of glass and particle aggregate to be a ceramic plate-like vegetation base material, and a part of the surface of the coarse-grained aggregate or All 10 ~ 100μ
m, and the coarse-grained aggregates are partially bonded to each other by the porous crystallized glass, and 0 between the coarse-grained aggregates. By having a large number of continuous pores of 4 to 10 mm formed, it has water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability, and is configured to be capable of planting a drought-resistant plant such as a Sedum plant of the family Crassulaceae. A vegetation base material for greening characterized by the following. 3. The vegetation base material for greening according to claim 2, wherein both the coarse-grained portion and the fine-grained portion are formed in a plate shape and are formed in a layered shape. 4. The vegetation substrate for greening according to claim 2, wherein said fine-grained portion is formed in a container shape, and said coarse-grained portion is disposed inside the container-shaped portion of said fine-grained portion. Wood. 5. The method according to claim 5, wherein the particle aggregate is 45 to 80% by weight.
5. A mixture of soda lime glass and porous crystallized glass produced by hydraulic cement at a ratio of 20 to 55%, molded and fired, 5. Vegetation base material for greening. 6. The method according to claim 6, wherein the coarse aggregate is contained in an amount of 60 to 95% by weight.
6. A molded product obtained by blending a soda-lime glass and a porous crystallized glass produced by hydraulic cement at a ratio of 5 to 40%, followed by molding and firing.
The vegetation base material for greening according to any one of the above. 7. 0.1 to 10% of the volume of the vegetation base material for greening
The vegetation base material for greening according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the continuous pores are filled with a filler material such as black soil or an organic fertilizer in an amount corresponding to the following. 8. A vegetation unit comprising a ceramic plate-shaped greening vegetation base material having water retention, water permeability, strength, and durability, and planting and energizing a plant of the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae. 9. A vegetation unit comprising a ceramic plate-shaped planting substrate for greening according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a plant belonging to the genus Sedum of the family Crassulaceae is planted and activated. 10. The vegetation unit according to claim 8, wherein a cut seedling of a plant belonging to the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae is subjected to rooting treatment and is self-sustained and planted on the vegetation base material for greening. 11. A method for greening a special space such as a concrete surface, wherein the vegetation unit according to claim 8 is arranged in a special space.