JPH08238027A - Plant culture concrete base for rooftop - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a plant culture concrete base for a rooftop, giving a beautiful appearance, facilitating the heat transfer from a building, excellent in the retention of water for the growths of plants and in the drainage of excessive water, by disposing a surface layer and a lightweight aggregate in spaces between mutually adjacent plant culture concrete blocks having a specific structure. CONSTITUTION: This plant culture concrete base 12 for the rooftop of a building comprises a waterproof layer 7, a root-resistant sheet 8, plant culture top-like concrete blocks 9 having planar heads 9a and conical bodies 9b, respectively, a lightweight aggregate 10 filled in spaces between the mutually adjacent plant culture concrete blocks 9, and a surface layer 11. A water-retaining material consisting mainly of an artificial culture soil is preferably filled in the spaces between the plant culture concrete blocks 9, and the surface layer 11 preferably comprises a thin layer base material consisting mainly of an artificial culture soil, plant seeds and an erosion-preventing material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base for planting plants on the rooftops of buildings such as buildings, condominiums, and single-family homes for greening and improving indoor temperature conditions. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Cooling towers and drying areas have not been used to a certain extent on the roofs of flat roofs in many of today's buildings, and the concrete surface remains exposed, which makes the cityscape cluttered. It is a factor. If the concrete surface is left exposed, the rooftop temperature is likely to change, and the thermal stress on the waterproof layer and the structure of the building becomes large, so that the life of the waterproof layer of the building is particularly deteriorated. Further, the burning of solar radiation into the room deteriorates the thermal environment on the top floor and causes an increase in cooling load, which is also a problem from the viewpoint of energy saving.

[0003] In view of these problems, in recent years, it has been attempted to plant a plant on the roof of a building to prevent the roof slab from being heated by direct sunlight and to enrich the urban lack of greenery to make the city beautiful. As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional rooftop plant cultivation base of this kind is provided with a waterproof layer such as a waterproof sheet 2 on the upper surface of a roof slab 1 of a normal building, and a root resistant sheet 8 is laid on the waterproof layer. A plastic panel 3 such as polystyrene resin molded in an uneven shape is placed, a lightweight aggregate 10 having water retention property such as perlite is placed in the recess, and a water permeable sheet 4 made of a non-woven fabric is laid on the panel 3, and plant cultivation is performed thereon. The embankment layer 5 was placed, and the plants 13 were planted on it. In addition, the surplus water of the plant cultivation department is 1
Water was drained from the plastic or concrete basin 6 continuous to the drainage ports 15 at several places.

[0004]

However, the conventional plant cultivation method as described above has a drawback that extra water is accumulated in the recess of the plastic panel 3 and causes root rot. Also, since the embankment layer 5 for plant cultivation has poor air permeability, heat from the structure of the building is not smoothly released,
In many cases, the plants 13 cannot withstand this, and there is a problem in that many embankments for plant cultivation must be raised on the roof in construction.

Further, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-228965, since the greening base concrete made of porous concrete is directly installed on the concrete frame, the heat release from the building structure is smooth, but plant cultivation There is a problem that some excess water is not discharged promptly.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above problems and proposes a rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base that can perform water retention and drainage treatment without root rot and facilitates indoor and outdoor heat transfer. With the goal.

[0007]

The present invention provides (1) a waterproof layer, a root-resistant sheet, a coma-shaped plant cultivation block comprising a flat head and a cone-shaped body, and the adjacent plants. The present invention relates to a rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base comprising a lightweight aggregate and a surface layer in a gap portion of a cultivation block.

[0008] In the above (1), (2) a rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base in which the water retaining material mainly containing artificial culture soil is filled in the voids in the plant-cultivating block, and (3) the surface layer is The artificial plant soil, plant seeds, and a roof-top plant-cultivating concrete base, which is a thin layer base material mainly containing an outflow preventive agent, are preferable.

In the present invention, a coma-shaped plant cultivation block is placed on the waterproof layer and the root resistant sheet. The waterproof layer is the same as the conventional waterproof layer used for the floor structure of a building, and is used as a water-saving layer for storing water for plant cultivation. The root-resistant sheet prevents the roots of plants from reaching the waterproof layer. A non-woven fabric is generally used.

The coma-shaped plant cultivation block is a coma-shaped porous concrete produced by combining aggregates with cement such as mixed cement, and the voids inside the porous concrete are filled with a water retention material described later. And this water retention material becomes soil suitable for the growth of plant roots. The coma-shaped plant cultivation block can be imparted with desired performance by adjusting the kind and particle size of the aggregate used for its production. In addition, an auxiliary material for ordinary concrete production such as an admixture may be used, if necessary, during production. The porosity of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block is
Considering the ease of plant root extension and the water absorption due to the capillary phenomenon, 25 to 35% is preferable.

The coma-shaped plant cultivation block used for the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention comprises a head and a body, and the preferred shape is that the head has a cylindrical shape and the body has an inverted truncated cone shape. The shape is not limited to this, and the head may be a prism and the body may be an inverted truncated pyramid.

The aggregate for the plant cultivation block is not particularly limited as long as it is lightweight and has a strength capable of withstanding the weight of a person and does not undergo rapid deterioration after deterioration of the plant.
For example, hard volcanic gravel, soft gravel, natural lightweight aggregate such as pumice, expanded shale, expanded clay, calcined clay stone, burned fly ash, modified product of hard lightweight aggregate, perlite, expanded slag, melting Examples include artificial lightweight aggregates such as coal shells and mixtures thereof.

The particle size is preferably in the range of 4 mm to 40 mm. When the average particle diameter of the aggregate is 4 mm or less, the size of the obtained continuous voids is small and it becomes difficult for roots to grow. When the average particle diameter of the aggregate exceeds 40 mm, the strength of the cured product decreases.

Cement for bonding aggregates applied to the production of plant cultivation blocks is cement for cement paste or mortar, and various portland cements or mixed cements such as blast furnace cements are used.

The water-retaining material filled in the voids inside the coma-shaped plant cultivation block made of porous concrete is
There is no particular limitation as long as it contains artificial culture soil in which peat moss having a size that can fill the voids is mainly mixed with an inorganic material. As the inorganic material, for example, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite, iron slag, foam brick,
Examples include lightweight aggregate, lightweight cellular concrete pieces, bentonite clay, acid clay, diatomaceous earth, shirasu or granular rockwool, which may be one type or a mixture of two or more types.

As the fertilizer, for example, a powdery slow-release fertilizer may be mixed at the time of filling the water retention material, or a slow-release liquid fertilizer may be sprayed after germination, and the like.

Any method can be adopted as long as it is an efficient method for filling the voids inside the plant cultivation block with the above-mentioned water retaining material, but the size of the artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss Is crushed or cut to 1 mm or less, and a slurry having a high filling efficiency can be obtained by mixing with an appropriate amount of water and a thickener and kneading, so that a water retention material containing such a thickener is slurried. The method of filling by injection is desirable.

As the thickener, for example, organic water-soluble polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose or inorganic water-soluble polymers such as alkali polyphosphate can be applied.

In the present invention, the lightweight aggregate is filled in the space between the plurality of coma-shaped plant cultivation blocks. This lightweight aggregate is not particularly limited as long as it can easily retain and drain water, but examples of its type include hard volcanic gravel, soft volcanic gravel, natural lightweight aggregate such as pumice, expanded shale, Expanded clay, calcined materials such as vermiculite, baked fly ash, modified products of hard and lightweight aggregate, perlite, expanded slag,
Examples include artificial lightweight aggregates such as molten coal shells and mixtures thereof.

The average particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 0.15 mm to 40
The range of mm is preferred. The average particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 0.15
If it is less than mm, clogging occurs and excess water unnecessary for plant growth cannot be quickly drained. If the average particle size of the lightweight aggregate exceeds 40 mm, the filling degree of the gap is insufficient. To do.

The surface layer that covers the upper surface of the plurality of coma-shaped plant cultivation blocks arranged is soil, artificial culture soil, lawn or flower bed, and mainly consists of artificial culture soil, plant seeds and runoff preventive agent described later. A surface layer made of a thin layer base material is preferred.

In the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention, slurry-like water-retaining materials are filled in the voids in the coma-shaped plant cultivation blocks adjacent to each other, and the lightweight aggregate is provided in the gaps between the adjacent blocks. And the upper surface of the block is covered with a thin layer base material, so that soil cover necessary for germination can be secured, water retention can be improved, and fertilization can be more effectively performed. The thin layer base material as used herein is a combination of artificial culture soil, plant seeds, runoff preventive agent and water as a main component, and the runoff inhibitor is artificial culture soil, plant seeds and water are rooftop plants due to wind and rain. It plays the role of preventing the water from flowing out from the cultivated concrete base.

The artificial culture soil used for the thin layer substrate is not limited as long as it is a mixture of peat moss as a main component and an inorganic material, and the particle size is not limited.

As plant seeds, various grasses such as alfalfer and clover, Kentucky 31 fescue,
Examples thereof include turfgrass such as Kentucky bluegrass, vines such as ivy and kudzu, and moss such as moss and moss. However, the plants are not limited to the exemplified groups.

Examples of the outflow preventing agent include asphalt emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic emulsion and polyurethane resin.

As a method for forming the surface layer of a rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base using a thin layer base material, any method can be adopted as long as it is efficient. Is a solution prepared and mixed with artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss and plant seeds to form a thin layer base material, which is attached to the upper surface of a coma-shaped plant cultivation block filled with a water retention material? Or, a mixture of artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss and plant seeds is attached to the upper surface of a coma-shaped plant cultivation block filled with a water retention material, and then a mixture of runoff preventer and water is sprayed. Thus, a surface layer made of a thin layer base material may be formed.

[0027]

In the coma-shaped plant cultivation block of the present invention, the stress generated in the block is compressed and restrained by the lightweight aggregate filled in the gap through the block body, and the block and the lightweight aggregate are integrated. Form the main part of the concrete foundation. Further, the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention, the waterproof layer used in the floor structure part of the conventional building as a waterproof layer for storing water for plant cultivation as it is, conventional for pressing the waterproof layer. Takes the role of mortar.
Therefore, this base retains water and appropriately exudes the amount of water required for plant growth. In addition, the lightweight aggregate filled in the gaps of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block forms a drainage space and drains surplus water promptly. In addition, direct sunlight
It is blocked by the branches and leaves of the plant, and the heat transfer to the room is blocked by the heat capacity of the air layer between the branches and leaves and the underlying thin layer substrate and base structure. On the contrary, when the indoor temperature is higher than the outside air, heat is smoothly released, and the growth environment of the plant becomes close to the natural environment on the ground.

[0028]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Figure 2
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a rooftop plant cultivation concrete base according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing an installation state of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 is a slab that constitutes the rooftop of the building and is not waterproofed. On the surface of this slab 1, a continuous waterproof layer 7 is laid from above the rising portion 14. Furthermore, on the waterproof layer 7, a root-resistant sheet 8 made of non-woven fabric
Is laying. A large number of top-shaped plant cultivation blocks 9, 9, 9, ... With a head 9a having a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 100 mm are arranged and spread on the root-resistant sheet 8. This coma-shaped plant cultivation block 9
Is a mixture of 2.8 kg of pearlite (particle size 10 to 20 mm) and 1.1 kg of cement (type B blast furnace), and water 0.35 k
g, an admixture (high-performance water reducing agent, naphthalene sulfonic acid / formalin high-condensate salt, Kao Co., Ltd., trade name Mighty 150), and kneading to produce concrete before hardening. Form frame ([head 9a]
φ200 × 20mm [body 9b] φ200 (upper base), φ
40 (bottom base) × 80 mm) was filled to a height of 100 mm, steam-cured at 70 ° C. and 98% relative humidity for 4 hours to cure, and then demolded.

In the space of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block 9, a lightweight aggregate 1 having a particle size of 0.15 mm to 20 mm is provided.
0 (perlite) is filled to form a water retention or drainage space and communicates with one to several drainage ports 15. In addition, in the space of the coma-shaped plant cultivation block 9,
Artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss sieved with a 0.6 mm sieve (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., trade name Green Sampeet,
same as below. ) To 1 kg, 3.3 kg of water, 25 g of a thickener (methyl cellulose, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Metroze") were added, and a water retention material in the form of slurry was poured.

The rooftop plant cultivation container thus formed
On the surface 11 of the cleat base 12, mainly peat moss
Artificial culture soil 1kg / m², Plant seed (wild grass) 15g
/ M ²And polyvinyl acetate 75g / m²And water 1.5k
g / m²A thin layer base material in the form of a slurry
It was deposited to a thickness of 10 mm. 4 days later, plant 13 (field
Turf) began to germinate and plant 3 (wild turf)
The roots pass through the main part of the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base 12.
Pull out and firmly root on the root resistant sheet 8 at the bottom
I was there.

[0032]

As described in detail above, in the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base according to the present invention, a lightweight aggregate having water retention property such as perlite is molded into an uneven shape like a conventional rooftop base. Instead of being placed in the recess of a plastic panel such as polystyrene resin or bonded with cement, it was put in the gap of adjacent coma-shaped plant cultivation blocks, so the lightweight aggregate can fully retain water retention. Since water retention and drainage are good and there is no fear of root rot, and the coma-shaped plant cultivation block is lightweight, it has the effect of being easy to carry in during construction and having good workability.

Further, according to the present invention, since a porous concrete base is used without using a heat insulating material such as styrofoam as in the prior art, it is possible to transfer heat from indoors through the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base. , Even when the sun is shining, heat is transferred to the low-temperature air layer under the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base, so that the natural cooling effect is utilized. Further, at night when the outside air is cooled, heat can be dissipated through the slab, and the phenomenon that heat is trapped indoors can be prevented.
Further, in the cold season, heat is applied to the rooftop plant-cultivating concrete base through the building, and it becomes close to the natural soil condition on the ground, and the environment for favorable plant growth can be maintained for a long time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional plant cultivation base.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing an installed state of a coma-shaped plant cultivation block used in one embodiment of the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a coma-shaped plant cultivation block used in an embodiment of the rooftop plant cultivation concrete base of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Slab 2 Tarpaulin 3 Plastic panel 4 Water permeable sheet 5 Embankment layer for plant cultivation 6 Concrete box 7 Waterproof layer 8 Root-resistant sheet 9 Coma-shaped plant cultivation block 9a Head 9b Body 10 Light aggregate 11 Surface layer 12 Rooftop Plant cultivation concrete base 13 Plant 14 Standing part 15 Drainage port

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waterproof layer, a root resistant sheet, a coma-shaped plant cultivation block comprising a flat head and a cone-shaped body, a lightweight aggregate in a space between adjacent plant cultivation blocks, and A roof-top plant-cultivating concrete base having a surface layer. 2. The water retaining material mainly composed of artificial culture soil is filled in the voids in the plant cultivation block.
Rooftop plant cultivation concrete base. 3. The rooftop plant-cultivating concrete substrate according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer is a thin layer base material mainly containing artificial culture soil, plant seeds, and an erosion inhibitor.