JP2003102265A - Rooftop greening system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rooftop greening system at low cost and slight maintenance, having such advantages as to enable greening with lightweight and thin soil even in the case of a building with a structure less than 180 kg/m<2> in withstand load, to sustainably supply water by reserving and sprinkling rainwater by making use thereof, to raise its sprinkling efficiency by the use of porous ceramics as the water-holding base, and to enable the greening plant to vividly grow without sun-withering despite using the lightweight and thin soil. SOLUTION: This rooftop greening system ahs the following advantages: water deprived of by the rise in the rooftop surface temperature due to direct sunlight is compensated by the aid of a water-holding porous ceramic base material through a small amount of sprinkled water and few sprinkling spots to raise water sprinkling efficiency, the base material set on the rooftop surface holds water without causing sun-withering of the greening plant with the lightweight and thin soil and supplies a moderate amount of water to the soil, and the soil and the roots of the greening plant are set/taken in the porous ceramic base material so as not to debond both the soil and the greening plant roots off the base material by wind pressure. Besides, this rooftop greening system is light in weight with only the soil at partial spots because of being made up of a liane.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rooftop greening system composed of a thin soil layer or partial soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in rooftop greening, rooftops and balconies of buildings that receive three times the amount of solar radiation as compared to the sides such as walls,
On terraces and other places, techniques have been devised to solve the environment where plant soil is likely to burn out and the planting work within the limit of the load capacity, because the water retained by the soil constantly evaporates and falls into a dry state. However, in high-rise buildings and large-scale buildings, there are many building structures such as ordinary houses, low-mid-rise buildings, and factory buildings that cannot withstand a payload of 180 kg / m ² , and to meet this condition, the soil is thinner and lighter. It is necessary to have a rooftop greenery consisting of, and there are problems such as burnout due to wind pressure and lack of water in the plant.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Based on the above-mentioned conventional techniques, the object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight and thin structure for general houses, middle and high-rise buildings, factory buildings, etc. having a construction weight of less than 180 kg / m ^2. The challenge is to be able to perform greening on soil, and to use rainwater to store and spray water for continuous water supply, and to use porous ceramics as a water-retention base to improve watering efficiency, making it possible to use lightweight and thin soil. It provides a rooftop greening system that allows plants to live vigorously without burning out, and is realized with low cost and light maintenance.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Means for solving the above problems will be described. The means of the present invention uses a water-retaining base material made of a porous ceramic to remove water that is lost due to a rise in the surface temperature due to direct sunlight, enhances watering efficiency at a small watering amount and a watering point, and burns a plant with a lightweight and thin soil thickness. The present invention constitutes a rooftop greening system that can be applied to buildings such as general houses, middle- and high-rise buildings, and factory buildings whose building weight is less than 180 kg / m ² without causing withering. The structure consists of a waterproof layer on the roof and a root preventive sheet on concrete for preventing erosion of plant roots, a drainage layer for preventing root rot on it, porous ceramics, soil, and rainwater falling on the surface It is used effectively and stored in a water storage tank without being drained to sewer at a stretch, and water is sprinkled from the soil, porous ceramics, and a water sprinkling pipe between drainage layers, and the porous ceramics installed on the surface retains water. In addition to supplying a moderate amount of water to the soil, the thin and lightweight soil does not cause plant roots to settle on the porous ceramics and cause peeling due to wind pressure. Furthermore, by using vines, it is possible to replant only part of the soil on the porous ceramics. Similar to the above, a rooting sheet on the rooftop waterproofing layer or concrete slab, a drainage layer on it, porous ceramics, rainwater falling on the surface is stored in a water storage tank, and water is continuously sprayed. The roots of vines settle on the surface of the porous ceramics because the water supplied to the plant can be continuously supplied. The roots, which are the roots of vines, are settled in flowerpots, planters, and flower beds scattered on the surface of porous ceramics. As a result, the entire surface can be planted without the need for soil, which constitutes a further lightweight rooftop planting.

The term "porous ceramics" as used herein means a continuous porous structure having continuous pores formed therein, and each of the pores has an uneven size of several microns to several millimeters. It means that the water that comes into contact with the surface absorbs water from the upper, lower, left and right parts by a capillary phenomenon, retains the water, and evaporates the water.

The drainage layer referred to here is a drainage layer made of fibrous, non-woven fabric, sponge, sand, gravel, lightweight aggregate, or the like. In the case of drainage materials, it is eroded by water for a long period of time, so polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, urethane, which has better water resistance than organic fiber,
Those composed of organic chemical resins such as styrene are preferable.

The thin and lightweight soil as used herein means a root of a plant settled on a base consisting of lightweight soil, soil and fibers. The lightweight soil is sand or gravel with a porous structure, and it is possible to use commonly used pearlite, zeolite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, etc. It is preferably made of lightweight aggregate such as glass foam.

[0008] In addition, in flower pots, planters, flower beds, etc., where roots of vines scattered on the surface of porous ceramics are fixed, residual water prevents reflections, radiant heat, and reflected heat in a rooftop environment where moisture is easily lost. Since it is important for water resistance, it is preferable to use porous ceramics or wood having a water retaining function. The shapes thereof include brick-shaped porous ceramics and flower beds stacked with trees, and planters and flower pots composed of porous ceramics and trees.

For the storage and sprinkling, if the rainwater previously filed by the same applicant is effectively utilized and a temperature rise prevention system that continuously lowers the surface temperature by the storage and sprinkling is used, the storage and sprinkling It will be sustainable and effective.

When the pump starts or stops when it senses that the surface temperature of the porous ceramics has exceeded the set temperature, it can be effectively performed without missing the sprinkling time, and the pump can be started by providing a temperature sensor. , Stop is preferred.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. According to the present invention, it is important for the rooftop greening of a building having a building structure with a payload of 180 kg or less to be light and absorb water into plants, while preventing root rot caused by poor drainage. Since it requires a moderate amount of drainage, the use of porous ceramics as a water retention base
The capillarity can move the retained water even to the part where the water is not spread so that it absorbs water, and it can replenish the plants with sufficient water at a small watering point and a small amount of water, and the porous ceramics can retain the water. The drainage layer of the lower layer properly drains the surplus water that cannot be cut off, and the porous ceramics have a water retaining function similar to that of the soil. Is there. Soil has good rooting with porous ceramics and plants, plants that once lived are difficult to peel off even with wind pressure, and if the soil composition is fiber and soil, organic adhesive, plant-like sheet soil with plants, There is no need for soil, sowing, or management of the growing process at the site, and simple rooftop greening construction is possible just by placing it.

Porous ceramics have a porous structure in which pores from several microns to several millimeters are continuous inside, which produces a water retention capacity similar to soil and moderate water permeability, and supplies appropriate water to plants. Stabilize the rooting. In addition, by using the surface as the original surface, the roots of soil and plants are bitten, and peeling is less likely to occur even with wind pressure.

Further, flower beds, flower pots, planters and the like are scattered on the porous ceramics as soil for supporting the roots of the vines, so that the vines can root the roots in order to absorb the moisture of the porous ceramics. By living, it is possible to construct rooftop greening where lush plants exist without using soil entirely, and at the same time, the amount of soil used is reduced and further weight reduction is realized.

As the water content of the habitat of the plants, all rainwater that has rained on the rooftop surface is used, the rainwater is stored in a rainwater tank without draining the rainwater at once to the sewer, and the stored rainwater is pumped up, Water is sprinkled from sprinklers through sprinklers, drippers, and other sprinklers, and then supplied to soil, plants, and porous ceramics. Further, by connecting a hygrometer or a thermometer to the power source of the water sprinkler or the pump and starting the water sprinkler or the pump when the temperature reaches or exceeds a certain temperature or the humidity below the certain amount, insufficient water sprinkling or excessive water sprinkling can be prevented.

[0015] Thus, without causing delamination of the wind pressure, it is possible to rooftop greening system the weight from 50 kg / ^{m 2} that does not generate a baked blight and root rot of plants up to 180kg / ^{m 2,} the live load 180kg following building construction The rooftop greening can be realized even in the existing buildings.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the rooftop greening system, Fig. 2
Is a detailed cross-sectional view of a rooftop greening system composed of thin soil,
Fig. 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a rooftop greening system in which vines are constructed in partial soil, Fig. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a rooftop greening system in which thin soil and vines are used in combination, and Fig. 5 is a rooftop greening using non-woven fabric. FIG. 6 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the system, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view in which the surface of the porous ceramic is a rough surface, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the sheet-shaped soil and plants.

First, a porous ceramics 1 having pores of several microns to 2 mm continuously formed therein is installed on the rooftop, and the pores cause water to retain water to cause capillary phenomenon, evaporation, and water permeation, which is thin and lightweight. It serves as a water retention base material for soil. Then, between the porous ceramics 1 and the surface finish 2 such as concrete, asphalt, or a waterproof layer of organic chemical system, a root-preventing sheet 3 for preventing deterioration of the waterproof layer due to plant roots, a drainage layer of 10 mm or 100 mm 4 is provided. In the drainage layer 4, the rainwater and sprinkling water that have rained are porous ceramics 1.
The surplus water 5 that has passed through is drained to the drain, and at the same time, the surplus water is accumulated in the porous structure ceramics for a long period of time to prevent generation and multiplication of fungi and moss, clogging, and root rot of plants. In this way, the surplus water 5 that has passed through the drainage layer 4
Are collected in the drain layer by the water gradient on the surface and drained to the drain pipe 6. The drain pipe 6 is joined to the water storage tank 7.

As the water storage tank, a generally used spherical stationary type or buried type water storage tank can be used, but in the case of a general house or a low-to-mid-rise building, there is often no room in the site area. , Small size is desirable. The stored rainwater is obtained by removing sand, gravel, dust, etc. that cause clogging of the sprinklers and spouts inside the tank, and then pumping water from the water supply pipes 9 to the sprinklers 10 and sprinklers and drippers. Water from 11. Pumps and sprinklers start when the temperature sensor or humidity sensor on the surface of the porous ceramics or soil reaches a certain temperature or more and a certain humidity or less, and you can sprinkle without missing the sprinkling time,
Prevent insufficient and excessive watering. Then, the surplus water 5 passes through the drainage layer 4 again, is collected by the drain due to the water gradient on the surface, and is circulated to the water storage tank 7 and again to the sprinkling.

Further, the porous structure ceramics 1 causes a capillarity phenomenon to widen the water absorption range in the upper, lower, left and right parts, and the same water absorption range can be obtained with a smaller number of sprinklers than the conventional one. Further, by installing a non-woven fabric between the porous structure ceramics 1 and the drainage layer 4, it is possible to absorb water over the entire surface of the artificial ground surface, the rooftop, and the balcony only by spraying water.

As shown in FIG. 2, the soil is made of porous ceramics 12 as a base to maintain an environment for constantly supplying water to the soil 13, and the roots of the plant are initially stretched only inside the soil. However, the water is sought to be entangled with the surface of the porous ceramics 12, which makes it difficult for the soil to be peeled off even with wind pressure. Further, in the sheet-shaped plant soil configured as shown in FIG. 7, plants 46 inhabit the sheet fixed with the soil 43, the fibers 44, and the organic adhesive 45, and this is placed on the porous ceramics. This saves labor for soil, sowing, and plant growth management, and makes planting easy.

When a vine plant is used, as shown in FIG. 3, a protective layer for preventing deterioration of the waterproof layer due to plant roots is provided on a surface finish 21 such as a concrete, asphalt or organic chemical type waterproof layer. Root sheet 22, 10mm or 100
mm drainage layer 23 is provided, porous ceramics 24 that serves as a water retention base material is installed, and flower beds, flowerpots, planters, etc. for fixing roots of vines are scattered on it, and soil is used only in this do not do. The grown vine 26 seeks water and absorbs the water contained in the porous ceramics 24, so that the root is attached to the surface. This figure shows the case where a flower bed is used, but by using a composition of the flower bed, flowerpot, planter, etc. as a porous structure ceramic, moisture is supplied and water is reflected and radiant heat is generated in an environment where it is easy to heat up in direct sunlight. , To prevent reflected heat and to prevent plant burnout. Inside the flower beds, flower pots, planters, etc., lightweight soil is placed on the drainage layer, and roots of vines are rooted in the lightweight soil.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rooftop greening system constructed by using thin soil and vines in combination has porous ceramics in the initial stage in the rooftop greening of vines shown in FIG. Although it is exposed, vegetation can be covered from the early stages by covering the area not filled with vines with soil and allowing the plants to live. When moss is used as a plant, greening can be done in the soil 30 of about 10 mm, and when the vine plants grow and cover up, the soil part becomes a shade, creating an appropriate environment for moss to live. , A rooftop landscape composed of vines and moss.

As shown in FIG. 5, the porous ceramics 2
When the non-woven fabric 38 is installed between the drainage layer 6 and the drainage layer 37, water is supplied to the porous ceramics 36 through the non-woven fabric 38 only by supplying water to the end portion of the roof, and the capillary phenomenon 39 of the porous ceramics 36 reaches the soil 40. The water spout 41 is hard to see on the surface.

When the surface of the porous ceramics is made to be the primary surface 42, as shown in FIG. 6, the roots of soil and plants are easily caught and entangled with each other, so that they are less likely to be peeled off by wind pressure.

[0025]

The present invention is constructed as described above and has the following effects. The present invention provides a lightweight rooftop greening system composed of a vine plant that uses soil only partially or partially such as thin and lightweight by using porous ceramics as a water retention base material and continuously supplying water to the plant. ,
The present invention can be applied to buildings such as general houses, medium- and high-rise buildings, and factory buildings whose building weight is less than 180 kg / m ² .

In a building using the rooftop greening system of the present invention, the body temperature is lowered even when exposed to direct sunlight in the midsummer as in the conventional rooftop greening, and the indoor temperature is accordingly lowered.
You can create a comfortable living space where you can easily obtain a cooling effect. As a result, the amount of cooling used in the middle of summer is reduced, which is economical, and at the same time, the waste heat of the cooling equipment is also reduced, which has the effect of suppressing the heat island phenomenon that is becoming more serious in the center of the city.

The rooftop greening system of the present invention is lightened,
Due to its high watering efficiency, rooftop greening can be realized at low cost, and automatic watering prevents the trouble of watering plants, burnout and drought of plants, and creates a plant environment where plants can live vigorously with light maintenance. It is the one to produce.

[0028] The rooftop space, which has been separated from the living space up to now, is blended as a part of the living space by greening the rooftop, allowing the family to relax, the children to play, the elderly and the disabled. It has the effect of creating a place for mental rehabilitation.

Further, regarding the reservoir and the sprinkler,
The water used for watering is rainwater, which is a natural resource, so it is environmentally friendly and can be implemented at low cost.

Furthermore, when water is needed in the event of a disaster such as a fire or an earthquake, the water in the water storage tank becomes an emergency water source,
It can also be used as emergency drinking water by using a commercially available purification device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a rooftop greening system.

FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view of a rooftop greening system composed of thin soil.

FIG. 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a rooftop greening system in which vines are formed on partial soil.

FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a rooftop greening system configured by using thin soil and vines together.

FIG. 5 is a detailed sectional view of a rooftop greening system using a nonwoven fabric.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram in which the surface of the porous ceramic is roughened.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of sheet-like soil and plants.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 12, 24, 32 Porous ceramics 2, 16, 21, 35, 36 Surface finish of concrete, asphalt, waterproof layer of organic chemical system 3, 15, 22, 34 Root sheet 4, 14, 23, 33 , 37 Drainage layer 5, 17 Surplus water 6 Drain pipe 7 Water storage tank 8 Pump 9 Water supply pipe 10, 28 Water sprinkler pipe 11, 20, 27, 41 Water spout 13, 29, 40 Soil 18 Rainwater 19 Evaporation 25 Flower bed, flowerpot, planter 26, 31 vine plant 30 moss 38 non-woven fabric 42 rough surface 43 soil 44 fiber 45 organic adhesive 46 plant

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Even in a building such as a general house, a middle-high-rise building, or a factory building having a building structure with a loading weight of less than 180 kg / m ² , greening can be done with light and thin soil, and the plants live vividly without burning out. A rooftop greening system that can be done. 2. A lightweight rooftop greening system that does not require soil over the entire surface by greening the soil at the part of the vine plant. 3. A rooftop greening system in which a non-woven fabric is installed between the porous ceramics and the drainage layer, and water reaches the soil from the porous ceramics through the non-woven fabric so that the water spout is hard to see on the surface. 4. A rooftop greening that can be performed simply by placing it on the ground without the need for soil, sowing, and growing process management, by constructing a sheet-like plant soil made of fibers, soil, organic adhesives, and plants. system.