JP2006099790A - 権利管理データ構造を定義し、使用し、処理する技術 - Google Patents
権利管理データ構造を定義し、使用し、処理する技術 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】記述的データ構造は、安全コンテナといった権利管理データ構造の抽象表現を提供する。この抽象表現は、例えば、権利管理データ構造の配置などを記述することができる。これは又、権利管理データ構造の使用及び/又は処理のその他の特徴を記述又は定義づけするメタデータをも提供することができる。例えば、記述データ構造は、付随する情報についてのルールの陳述方法を提供する完全性制約条件を提供することができる。抽象表現は、互いに相互操作性及び互換性のある権利管理データ構造を作り出すために使用可能である。この配置は、安全性を脅かすことなく使用の融通性及び容易さを保つ。
【選択図】図2A
Description
この記述データ構造は、完全性制約条件の明細を可能にすることによって、プロバイダが彼又は彼女のコンテンツの完全性を保護することを可能にする。完全性制約条件はコンテンツについての完全性に関連するルールを記述する方法を提供するものである。
この記述データ構造は、権利管理構造を操作するソフトウエアの一つ以上の部分を生成するのに使用することが可能である。例えば、記述データ構造は、デジタルコンテンツ及び/又は自動化パッケージング・アプリケーション及び/又は表示プライオリティ及び組織化等(例えば順序及び/又はレイアウト)のデジタルコンテンツの自動化リーダーを駆動する「インストラクション」として機能する。
アプリケーションは記述データ構造を読み取って、特定モデル用のデータ作成、編集、及び/又は構成のための最適化されたインタフェースを生成する。このモデルはテキスト、オーディオ、ビデオ及び対話式(例えば質問する)エレメントから複雑なコンテンツを構成することを含む。これらのデータは、任意の簡単な又は複合された複雑なファイル・フォーマットとして、コンテナ、データベース及び/又はその他のデジタル情報組織(オーガニゼーション)の形をとることができる。アプリケーションは記述データ構造を読み取って、コンテンツの収集及び/又は生成用インタフェースをどの様にして最もよく表示するかを学習することもできる。
アプリケーションは記述データ構造を読みとって、データ表示に適したインタフェースを作成する。このデータは、コンテナ、データベース又はその他の任意の複合された複雑なファイル・フォーマットである。アプリケーションは記述データ構造を読み取って、コンテンツの表示用インタフェースを如何にして最もよく表示するかを学習することもできる。アプリケーションは、更に、記述データ構造を読み取って、コンテンツの作成及び/又はパッケージング及び/又はユーザー・ディスプレーの目的のために、ユーザー及び/又はノード等の一つ以上の他のアプリケーション、スマート・エージェント、コンピュータ環境、識別性(任意のクラスの識別性を含む)と相互対話を行うことに関連するディスプレー機能を如何にして管理するかを学習し、これにはこの相互対話を最適化することも含む。例えば、ユーザー・インタフェースは、米国空軍の一員と大学の社会科学の一人の教授との対話、又はKiwanis Clubの一員とプロテスタント協会クラブの一員との対話、米国市民とサウジアラビア市民との対話のために、期待されるクラス会員シンボルとこれに関連する適当な組織の適正表示または表示された情報の削除を含んで、別個に最適化される。
データ・ファイル内の領域が潜在的に興味のある情報を含むことが判っており、この情報が所定のフォーマットで表されている場合には、完全テキスト検索、エージェント、ウェブ・スパイダ等は利益を受け、かつDDSの一つ以上の領域に含まれている情報と対話することができる。
任意の複雑性および未知の起源を有する大きなデータ・ファイルを特別の知識なしに処理する場合、完全テキスト検索、エージェント、ウェブ・スパイダ等は利益を受け、DDSの一つ以上の領域に含まれている情報と対話することができる。
記述データ構造は、処理し、送信し及び/又は記憶するために最適な程度に小さく、便利で、コスト効率が高い。
記述データ構造は任意に複雑であり、従って潜在的に作成に時間を要し、且つ或る程度の専門性を必要とする。これによって、この記述データ構造に転売価値が与えられる。
レイアウトのツールで作業する場合、設計(レイアウト)の迅速な繰り返し(編集および修正を含む)が可能となり、多くのユーザーの専門性を越えた難しいレイアウトを作成するのに比べて、便利でコスト効率のよいものとなる。
同じ記述データ構造が生成プロセスと生成後のプロセス(post-creation proces) の両方で処理されるので、そうでなければパッケージされたコンテンツに入れることのできないメタ情報を記述データ情報内に入れることができる。この一例は、或る分野の表示が「必要」か、「隠される」かの場合である。
記述データ構造自体は、「ウイザード」によって自動化が可能である。例えば、他の記述データ構造を規定することを補助する記述データ構造が存在する。他の記述データ構造を規定する記述データ構造は、書籍や雑誌用の不完全な記述データ構造を表している。「ウイザード」はユーザーに表示される一連のダイアログ・ボックスを備え、失われた情報を補充してそれを完全な記述データ構造にする。
例えば、多形(polymorphous)アプリケーションは、記述データ構造を使用して或るデータの可視化属性及び/又は、例えば、見たり感じたりするものをユーザーに対して表示すると言う要求を決定する。例えば、記述データ構造が言語処理文書リファレンスを含んでいる場合、多形アプリケーションは文書を表示し編集するのに適したインタフェースを作成する。この記述データ構造が多くの実行可能なプログラムに対するリファレンスを含んでいる場合には、多形アプリケーションはユーザーにファイルをどこにセーブするべきかを尋ねる。
記述的データ構造を実行時にインタープリットし、顕著に高められた効率及び適時性を提供する。
システムは、記述的データ構造を使用することによりリアルタイムで到来する動的データに適応できる。
ひとつのフォーマットから別のフォーマットへと自動的に変換する為に、記述的データ構造が使用される。
記述的データ構造を使用することにより、コンテナ作成処理を確実に“包含(contain)”する二次的な“ラッパ(wrapper)”アプリケーション・プログラミング・インタフェース(API)または他の装置に対する必要性は相当に減じられる。そうでなければ、作成されたコンテナの全てが互換性を有するのを確実にすべく、コンテナ作成処理を制御もしくは制限する“ラッパ”APIが必要とされるが、これは柔軟性とカストマイズ機能とを制限するものである。
高レベルのユーザインタフェース選択および優先順位付けにより選択され得るディスプレイ関連、相互作用関連および権利関連の概念オブジェクトの使用、並びに関連パラメータデータの使用により、構築およびディスプレイ・ヒント情報などの一定のカテゴリのテンプレートの作成を極めて容易と成しうる。
・音声;
・画像;
・コンピュータ・プログラム;
・手順;
・実行可能物;
・インタープリット可能物;
・流通オブジェクト(currency object);
・流通オブジェクトに対する流通コンテナ;
・規則;
・任意のコンピュータ入力;
・任意のコンピュータ出力;
・他の記述的データ構造;
・任意の他の情報。
図3は、記述的データ構造200を作成し使用するプロセスの実施例を示している。該実施例においては記述的データ構造200を作成すべくレイアウト・ツール300が使用される。このレイアウト・ツール300は例えば、グラフィカル・ユーザ・インタフェースを介して人間と対話するソフトウェア制御プロセスであっても良い。(大容量記憶装置または他の記憶装置に記憶され得る)結果的な記述的データ構造200はその場合、任意の個数の他のプロセスを促進して記憶データを作成もしくはインタープリットすべく使用され得る。例えば、上記記述的データ構造は作成プロセス302で使用され得る。該作成プロセス302は上記記述的データ構造を読込むと共に、それに応じ、例えば記述的データ構造200により記述されたフォーマットに対応するコンテナ100などの所定フォーマットにより出力ファイル400を作成する。ビューイング・プロセス304は記述的データ構造200を使用し、出力ファイル400内で表示用の重要項目を発見し得る。ブラウザ・プロセス306は記述的データ構造200を使用し、記憶された出力ファイル400内で例えばキーワードもしくは他の検索可能テキストなどの項目を発見し得る。上記記述的データ構造200は、対応するコンテンツの使用及び/又はそれへのアクセスの間においてそのコンテンツの完全性を保護する制約または規則を供給し得る。
図5は、記述的データ構造200と共に使用されるに適した安全システムのアーキテクチャの実施例を示している。該実施例においては上記Ginter等に記述されたタイプの電子機器500が変更防止壁502内に配備され得る。電子機器500はアプリケーション・プログラミング・インタフェース(API)504を含み得る。電子機器500に対してはAPI・504を介して一個以上のアプリケーション506が通信し得る。ある実施例では、アプリケーション506は安全電子機器500上で実行されても良い。アプリケーション506の各々は、記述的データ構造インタープリタ508を含み得る。使用に際して電子機器500は、安全コンテナ100にアクセスし得ると共に−ルール316に従い−記述的データ構造200ならびにそれに含まれるコンテンツ102にアクセスしてそれをアプリケーション506に提供する。一方、アプリケーション506内のインタープリタ508は記述的データ構造200を読込んで使用する。これに加えてアプリケーション506は、少なくとも部分的に記述的データ構造200により定義されたパーソナリティまたは振る舞いを取り入れる、という点において多形性である。
図6は、記述データ構造200が、例えば階層コンテナ100といった情報構造である任意の複合体を記述し及び定義づけする方法の一例を示している。この特定の一例においては、コンテナ100は、プロパティ600(1),600(2)を内含する。プロパティ600(1)はn個の属性602(1),602(2)…602(n)を内含する。プロパティ600(2)は任意の数の属性604(1),604(2)を内含することができ、同様に付加的なプロパティ606を内含することもできる。プロパティ606の方はその独自の属性608(1),608(2)を内含することができる。付随する記述データ構造200は、コンテナ100の中味の再帰的構造を反映するべく再帰的構造を提供するツリー構造リスト250として組織することができる。例えば、リスト250は、プロパティ600(1),600(2)に対応する「プロパティ」記述子252(1),252(2)の形をした「分枝」を内含していてよい。各々のプロパティ記述子252はそれ自体、属性リスト254を内含でき、又、内容コンテナ構造例を反映するように同じ反復的階層配置で付加的プロパティ記述子256を内含していてもよい。あらゆる次元(1〜n)の任意の複合の、階層的又は非階層的データ構造を記述するために、DDS200を用いることができる。
図7は、記述データ構造200の書式化方法の一例を示す。上述のとおり、記述データ構造200は、連結リストといったようなリストを内含していてよい。各々のリストエントリ260(1),260(2),…は、例えば以下のものを含む一定数のデータフィールドを内含することができる。
・(記述データ構造の一部を成し及び/又はこの構造により参照される可能性のある)単数又は複数のメタデータフィールド264;及び
・(コンテナデータ構造100内の対応する情報を識別する一助となるべく使用することのできる)ロケーション情報266。
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・オプション:aはコンテンツの任意の構成要素である。
・必要な関係:aが存在するならば、そのときbが存在しなければならない。又は、aが存在する場合、b,c及びdが存在しなければならない。逆にbが存在しない場合、aは存在してはならない。このカテゴリにおける関係は、m>0の場合1:mである。
メタデータ264
記述データ構造を新規作成するためのグラフィカルインタフェース例
図8は、記述データ構造新規作成のグラフィカルユーザーインタフェース312の例を示す。この例においては、グラフィカルユーザーインタフェース312はオブジェクト名についてユーザーにプロンプトすることができる。さらに、グラフィカルユーザーインタフェース312は、付随するメタデータ264を特定するためのオプションを提供することができる。図8に示されているオプションには、例として以下のものが含まれる可能性がある。
図9は、記述データ構造200のために、同時係属の関連US特許出願第08/699,712号(以上で参照されたもの)の中で記述されている下部構造を用いるための1つの配置例を示す。図9に示されている配置は、数多くの異なるコンテキストにおいて有用である。例えば、記述データ構造200のプロバイダ600は、自らの製品の品質を改善させるように、どの記述データ構造200が自らの顧客により最もうまくリンクされるかを知りたいと思うかもしれない。ところで、プロバイダ600は、使用毎又はその他のベースで記述データ構造200の使用について顧客に料金を請求する可能性がある。さらにもう1つの例では、DDS200の一部の記述データ構造200又はクラスが、許可されたユーザー又は許可されたユーザーのクラスによる使用のみに制限される可能性もある。
・許可及び/又は要求されたオペレーションの性質及び/又は範囲;及び/又は
・許可及び/又は要求されたオペレーションの結果。
ターゲットデータブロック801は同様に、希望する場合、対応するターゲット環境850内でDDS構文解析系852及び/又は翻訳プログラム854に対し指示を与える付加的な情報を含んでいてよい。
・コピー
・印刷
・ペースト
・セーブ
・変更
・削除
・その他のあらゆるオペレーション
100A コンテナ
100C コンテナ
102 新聞
106 雑誌
200 記述的データ構造
Claims (28)
- 機械読取り可能な抽象記述データ構造を作成する段階;及び
少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造と相互操作するためにこの表現を使用する段階;
を含んで成るデータ処理方法。 - 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に従って少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造の少なくとも1つの部分を書式化する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に従って少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造の少なくとも1つの部分の表示を書式化する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に従って少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造の少なくとも1つの部分の読取りを書式化する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいて少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造の少なくとも1部分を表示する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記作成段階には、前記記述データ構造内にメタデータを提供する段階が含まれ、表示段階には、少なくとも部分的にメタデータに従って権利管理データ構造から少なくともいくつかの情報を表示する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいてユーザインタフェースを動的に生成する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいて少なくとも1つのデータフィールドを自動的に識別し及び/又は位置設定する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいて、権利管理データ構造内のデータを自動的に抽出する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記作成段階には、いずれの特定の権利管理データ構造からも独立しているが1クラスの権利管理データ構造を抽象的に記述する、記述データ構造を作成する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記作成段階には、前記使用段階の少なくとも1つの特徴を定義づけするためメタデータを作成する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記作成段階には、少なくとも部分的にウィザードを使用することによって抽象表現を作成する段階が含まれ、前記ウィザードのオペレーションは少なくとも部分的にさらなる記述データ構造により定義づけされている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいて多形性プロセスの挙動を変化させる段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、ランタイムで前記記述データ構造の少なくとも一部分を解釈する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、ランタイムで前記権利管理データ構造のデータ処理の少なくとも一部分を動的に適合させる段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用段階には、駆動用の自動化されたデジタル式コンテンツハンドラのための命令として前記記述データ構造の少なくとも一部分を使用する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記作成段階には、少なくとも1つの完全性制約条件を作成する段階が含まれ、前記使用段階には完全性制約条件を実施する段階が含まれている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1つのインタフェースを通してアプリケーションと相互作用する安全な電子機器を内含するタイプの権利管理データ処理アーキテクチャにおいて、電子安全コンテナと相互操作する方法であって、
(a)該アプリケーションに対して抽象データ構造表現を引渡す段階;
(b)少なくとも部分的に前記抽象データ構造表現に基づいて該アプリケーションを用いてコンテナアクセス要求を生成する段階;及び
(c)少なくとも部分的に、前記コンテナが生成するコンテナアクセス要求に基づいて、前記安全な電子機器を用いてコンテナにアクセスする段階;
を含んで成る方法。 - (d)前記安全な電子機器を用いて、前記コンテナからの情報を前記アプリケーションに対して提供する段階;及び
(e)少なくとも部分的に前記抽象データ構造表現に従って、提供された情報を処理する段階;
をさらに含んで成る、請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記処理段階(e)には、前記抽象データ構造表現内に提供されたメタデータに従って提供された情報を処理する段階が含まれている、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 安全コンテナを作成し使用する方法において、
(a)相互操作可能な互換性ある1クラスのコンテナ構造を包括的に定義づける記述データ構造を定義づけする段階;
(b)少なくとも1つの安全コンテナを作成するために前記記述データ構造を使用する段階;
(c)複数の電子機器に対し前記記述データ構造を分配させる段階;及び
(d)安全コンテナ内で情報を位置設定し及び/又は特定するべく少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造を用いることにより前記複数の電子機器において安全コンテナと相互操作する段階;
を含んで成る方法。 - 前記記述データ構造がアトミックトランザクションに対応し、少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に従って前記複数の電子機器の少なくとも1つにおいて前記アトミックトランザクションを実施する段階をさらに含んで成る、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記記述データ構造に関連する制御機構を独立して使用し及び/又は提供する段階をさらに含んで成る請求項21に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのパラメータに基づいて前記記述データ構造の少なくとも1つのクラスを定義づけする段階をさらに含んで成る、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも部分的に、前記記述データ構造と少なくとも1つの権利管理データ構造の間の結びつきを樹立する第1のデータ;
結びつけられた権利管理データ構造内で少なくともいくつかの情報を位置設定する第2のデータ;及び
権利管理データ構造の使用及び/又はアクセスの少なくとも1つの特徴を少なくとも部分的に記述するメタデータ;
を含んで成る記述データ構造。 - 前記メタデータには、少なくとも1つの完全性制約条件が含まれている、請求項25に記載の記述データ構造。
- 少なくとも1つの安全な環境との互換性度を達成する方法において、
(a) 記述データ構造を作成する段階;
(b) 少なくとも1つのオブジェクトと前記記述データ構造を結びつける段階;
(c) 安全な環境に対しオブジェクト及び結びつけられた前記記述データ構造を提示する段階;及び
(d) 少なくとも部分的に前記記述データ構造に基づいて、提示されたオブジェクトと相互操作する段階;
を含んで成る方法。 - 前記段階(d)には、安全な環境がオブジェクト及び/又は前記記述データ構造のソースを信頼できる程度に基づき、提示されたオブジェクトと選択的に相互操作する段階が含まれている、請求項27に記載の方法。
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CA (2) | CA2282602C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69837545T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2286847T3 (ja) |
HK (2) | HK1064763A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998037481A1 (ja) |
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