JP2005536829A - 燃料電池用燃料添加剤 - Google Patents
燃料電池用燃料添加剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005536829A JP2005536829A JP2003533368A JP2003533368A JP2005536829A JP 2005536829 A JP2005536829 A JP 2005536829A JP 2003533368 A JP2003533368 A JP 2003533368A JP 2003533368 A JP2003533368 A JP 2003533368A JP 2005536829 A JP2005536829 A JP 2005536829A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- fuel cell
- catalyst
- electrode
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
Description
II: 空気極反応(空気側):3/2O2+6H++6e−→3H2O
III: 正味:CH3OH+3/2O2→2H2O+CO2
高価な金属である白金(Pt)は、メタノールの酸化を含む、多くの電気化学的反応にとって最良の触媒である。メタノール燃料電池の開発での主なる障害は、最良の電極触媒であってもCOによる「被毒」に起因した電気化学的活性の低下である。COは、二酸化炭素(CO2)に至るメタノール酸化の中間生成物である。COは、その特殊な分子構造のためPt表面に吸着され、従って、触媒活性の高いPt中心部への新規な燃料分子のアクセスを阻止する。
電極の適切な濡れは、液体型燃料電池のもう一つの主要な問題である。大きい反応面積をもたらすために、液体型燃料電池における電極構造は極めて多孔質でなければならず且つその液体燃料溶液は全ての孔を濡らす必要がある。加えて、燃料側電極で発生するCO2は、反応領域から効率よく放出されなければならない。適切な濡れによって電極からのCO2の放出が促進されるのである。PEM燃料電池では、プロトン伝導を効率よく行うためにPEMも水を必要とする。
II式に示したように、液体型燃料電池の空気極が空気にさらされ、ここでプロトンが酸素と反応して水を生ずる。酸素の幾つかは、当然、燃料中に溶解されそして燃料電池の燃料極側へ搬送されることになる。その後、酸素は、燃料極上の触媒によって酸化されて酸素イオンになる。その後、酸素イオンは、I式によって燃料極上に生じたプロトンと反応し、そして燃料極上に水を生成する。この「無益酸化」は、燃料極から空気極へのプロトンの移動を妨げ、従って燃料電池の反応によって生じた電流を減少させる。溶存酸素を液体型燃料電池の燃料から効率よく除去する必要がある。
燃料電池の燃料中の不純物が必要な電気化学的反応を阻害することがある。例えば、メタノール系の液体燃料は、電解液及び/又は触媒に有害であるところの、Fe++、Cu++、Cr+、Ni+、及びZn++のような、微量の硫黄又は金属イオンを含んでいることがある。その不純物は、燃料供給そのものから生ずるか又はその系のどこか他所から燃料に入り込むこともある。不純物のあるものは、燃料極触媒の表面上に化学的に吸着されるか又は物理的に堆積されて、触媒部位を遮断しそしてこれらの燃料極触媒部分が必要な電気化学的燃料酸化反応を誘起するのを妨げることがある。
Claims (10)
- 液体型燃料電池の性能を高める方法であって、
燃料、触媒、及び電極を具備した液体型燃料電池を設けること、及び
前記液体型燃料電池の性能を高めるのに十分な量の燃料添加剤を前記燃料中に混ぜること、を包含する方法。 - 前記燃料添加剤が、触媒のCO被毒を低減させる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤がヘモグロビンからなり、且つ前記ヘモグロビンの量が重量で燃料の0.0001〜1%の範囲にある請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤が、電極の濡れ性を向上させる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤が界面活性剤からなり、且つ前記界面活性剤の量が重量で燃料の0.0001〜1%の範囲にある請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤が、燃料中の溶存酸素を減少させる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤が酸素捕捉剤からなり、且つ前記酸素捕捉剤の量が重量で燃料の0.0001〜1wt%の範囲にある請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤が、触媒又は電解液に有害である金属イオンを除去する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤がキレート剤を含み、且つ前記キレート剤の量が重量で燃料の0.0001〜1%の範囲にある請求項8に記載の方法。
- 燃料、触媒、電極、プロトン電気伝導膜を具備した液体型燃料電池の性能を高める燃料添加剤であって、以下の機能
(a)触媒のCO被毒の低減、
(b)電極の濡れ性の向上、
(c)燃料中の溶存酸素の減少、
(d)触媒又はプロトン電気伝導膜に有害である金属イオンの除去、
のうちの1つあるいは複数を果たす燃料添加剤。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US09/964,647 US6921593B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Fuel additives for fuel cell |
PCT/US2002/030273 WO2003030285A2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-24 | Fuel additives for fuel cell |
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JP2005536829A true JP2005536829A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
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US (1) | US6921593B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1428285B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005536829A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002334658A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60217137T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003030285A2 (ja) |
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EP1428285A2 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
WO2003030285A3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
WO2003030285A2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US20030064258A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
DE60217137T2 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
US6921593B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 |
AU2002334658A1 (en) | 2003-04-14 |
DE60217137D1 (de) | 2007-02-08 |
EP1428285B1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
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