JP2005501302A - メディア・オブジェクトからの統合抽出システム - Google Patents

メディア・オブジェクトからの統合抽出システム Download PDF

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JP2005501302A
JP2005501302A JP2002545323A JP2002545323A JP2005501302A JP 2005501302 A JP2005501302 A JP 2005501302A JP 2002545323 A JP2002545323 A JP 2002545323A JP 2002545323 A JP2002545323 A JP 2002545323A JP 2005501302 A JP2005501302 A JP 2005501302A
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コラー,ジエニフアー リン
ミラー,ブラド ステイーブン
リー,スコツト チヤオ−チユエ
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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Abstract

メディア・オブジェクト(マルチメディア・オブジェクトまたはストリーミング・メディア・オブジェクト)から情報(メタデータ)を抽出するシステムと方法である。単一のデバイス(44)を使用して、異なるフォーマットを有する複数のメディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出する。メディア・オブジェクトはそのフォーマットを決定するために検査される(40)。次にメディア・オブジェクトは多フォーマット抽出器(44)に供給され、ここで情報は適正なフォーマットに従ってメディア・オブジェクトから抽出される。抽出された情報は単一のデータ構造の中にコンパイルされ(40)、汎用データ構造のフォーマットは複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性があるものとなる(30)。

Description

【0001】
(産業上の利用分野)
本発明は、一般に、コンピュータ関連の情報の検索に関し、特に、メディア・オブジェクトからのメタデータ(metadata)の抽出に関する。
【0002】
(発明の背景)
本発明を理解するための背景として、インターネット(ワールド・ワイド・ウェブ:World Wide Web、またはWeb、とも呼ばれる)の人気に寄与している一面に、ユーザが利用できるマルチメディアおよびストリーミング・メディアの過剰なファイルがある。しかしながら、Web上で何百万というファイルの中に埋もれている特定のマルチメディアまたはストリーミング・メディアのファイルを見い出すのは極めて困難な作業である。Web上で入手できる情報内容の量と種類はかなりの速さで増加し続けると考えられ、この増加は、高度に分散化されたWebの性質と相俟って、特定の情報内容を見つけ出すのに相当な困難を生じる。
【0003】
ストリーミング・メディア(streaming media)とは、インターネッまたは他のネットワーク環境を介してユーザのコンピュータに配信される、オーディオ、ビデオ、マルチメディア、テキスト、および双方向のデータ・ファイであって、ファイル全体が配信される前に、ユーザのコンピュータ上で再生し始める。ストリーミング・メディアの1つの利点は、ストリーミング・メディアのファイルは、そのファイル全体がダウンロードされる前に再生し始めるので、ユーザはそのファイル全体をダウンロードするのに長時間待たなくて済む。ディジタル的に記録された音楽、映画、予告編、ニュース・レポート、ラジオ放送、およびライブ・イベントはすべて、Web上でのストリーミング・コンテンツの増加に寄与している。これに加え、ケーブル、DSL(Digital Subscriber Line:ディジタル加入者回線)およびT1(1.544Mbpsないし24個の音声チャネルを扱えるT‐キャリア。T‐1とも書く)のような比較的安価で広帯域幅の接続形態により、ストリーミング・メディアのコンテンツ(ニュース機関、ハリウッドのスタジオ、独立プロデューサ、レコード・ラベル、そしてホーム・ユーザからの)への、より迅速で且つより信頼できるアクセスがインターネットのユーザに提供されている。
【0004】
ユーザは典型的に、検索エンジンによりインターネット上で特定の情報を検索する。検索エンジンは、ネットワーク、例えば、ローカル・エリア・ネットワーク(LAN)、インターネット、およびWebの内部にあるネットワーク・サイトでアクセスできる一組のプログラムからなる。「ロボット」または「スパイダ」と呼ばれるプログラムはドキュメント(例えば、Webページ)を検索しネットワークをプレ‐トラバース(pre‐traverse)する。次に、他のユーザはハイパーリンク(hyperlinks)のうちの1つを起動してそのドキュメント内にある情報を見ることができる。
【0005】
マルチメディアおよびストリーミング・メディアのような、メディア・ファイルを検索する際に、メディア・ファイルに関する情報を抽出するために抽出器が使用される。メディア・ファイル(メディア・オブジェクトとも呼ばれる)は、種々のフォーマット(WINDOW MEDIA PLAYER(R)(米国における登録商標)、REAL AUDIO(R)(米国における登録商標)のような)があり、特定のメディア・フォーマットにのみ適合する独特の抽出器が利用される。WINDOW MEDIA PLAYER(R)(米国における登録商標)に適合する抽出器は、REAL AUDIO(R)(米国における登録商標)でフォーマット化されたメディア・オブジェクト(media object)には適合しない。また、種々のメディア・オブジェクト内に収められているメタデータ(metadata)の構成はフォーマット(format)により異なる。従来の検索システムでは、各メディア・フォーマットは、そのメディア・オブジェクトからの関連する情報の抽出に異なる抽出器を必要とする。抽出された出力は、次に、検索インデックスを形成するために別個に処理される。抽出された各出力を別個に処理するためには、かなりのシステム・リソースを必要とするので、前述した欠点や不利な点によって制限を受けない検索システムが必要である。
【0006】
(発明の概要)
本発明は、メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出するシステムであって、メディア・オブジェクト分類器、抽出器割り当てエージェント(agent)、多フォーマット抽出器、およびコンパイラを含んでいる。メディア・オブジェクト分類器は、メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定する。抽出器割り当てエージェントは、決定されたフォーマットに適合する抽出器を選択する。多フォーマット抽出器は複数の抽出器を含み、そのうちの1つはフォーマットに適合する抽出器である。このフォーマット適合抽出器はメディア・オブジェクトからその情報を抽出する。コンパイラは抽出された情報を汎用データ構造に従ってコンパイルする。この場合、汎用データ構造のフォーマットは複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性(compatibility)がある。
【0007】
本発明は、添付されている図面に関連して以下の詳細な説明から良く理解される。
【0008】
インターネットは、世界中に広がるコンピュータ・ネットワークのシステムであって、1つのコンピュータのユーザが他のコンピュータから情報を得て、他のコンピュータのユーザと通信することができる。インターネットの最も広く使用される部分は、ワールド・ワイド・ウェブ(省略して、WWWまたはWebと呼ばれる)である。Webの顕著な特徴は、そのハイパーテキストの使用であって、これは相互参照(クロスレファレンス)する方法である。大抵のWebサイトにおいて、或る単語または語句は周囲のテキストとは異なる色のテキストで現れ、しばしば下線が施され、ときに、ボタンがあり、「クリックできる」画像または画像の一部がある。Webを使用すると、何百万というページの情報にアクセスできる。Webのサーフィングは、NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR(R)(米国における登録商標)やMICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER(R)(米国における登録商標)のようなWebブラウザ(browser)を使用して行われる。Webサイトの外観は、使用されているブラウザに依り少し異なることもある。ブラウザの最近のバージョンは「プラグ‐イン(plug‐in)」を有し、これにより、アニメーション、バーチャル・リアリティ、サウンド、音楽が得られる。
【0009】
本明細書中で使用される「メディア・ファイル」および「メディア・オブジェクト」という用語には、オーディオ、ビデオ、テキスト、マルチメディアのデータ・ファイル、およびストリーミング・メディアのファイルが含まれる。マルチメディア・ファイルは、テキスト、映像、ビデオ、およびオーディオ・データからなる。ストリーミング・メディアは、オーディオ、ビデオ、マルチメディア、テキスト、および双方向のデータ・ファイルからなり、これらは、インターネットまたは他の通信ネットワーク環境を介してユーザのコンピュータに配信され、そのファイル全体の配信が完了する前にユーザのコンピュータ/デバイス上で再生し始める。ストリーミング・メディアの1つの利点は、ストリーミング・メディア・ファイルは、そのファイル全体がダウンロードされる前に再生し始め、ファイル全体がダウンロードされるまで長く待たずに済むことである。ディジタル的に記録された音楽、映画、予告編、ニュース・レポート、ラジオ放送、およびライブ・イベントはすべて、Web上でのストリーミング・コンテンツの増加に寄与している。それに加え、ケーブル、ディジタル加入者回線(DSL)、T1ラインおよび無線通信ネットワーク(例えば、2.5Gまたは3Gをベースとするセルラー・ネットワーク)のような、広帯域幅接続による通信ネットワークのコスト低減によって、(ニュース機関、ハリウッドのスタジオ、独立プロデューサ、レコード・ラベル、およびホーム・ユーザたち自身からの)ストリーミング・メディア・コンテンツへの、より迅速で、より信頼できるアクセスがインターネットのユーザに提供されている。
【0010】
ストリーミング・メディアには、歌、政治演説、ニュース放送、映画予告編、ライブ放送、ラジオ放送、財政会議の招集、ライブ・コンサート、ウェブ‐カム フットエイジ(Web−cam footage)、その他の特別イベントが含まれる。ストリーミング・メディアは種々のフォーマット(REALAUDIO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALVIDEO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALMEDIA(R)(米国における登録商標)、APPLE QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MICROSOFT WINDOWS(R)(米国および日本における登録商標)MEDIA FORMAT、QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MPEG‐2LAYER III AUDIO、MP3(R)(米国における登録商標)など)で符号化される。典型的に、メディア・ファイルは、特定のフォーマットとの互換性を示す拡張子(接尾辞)で表される。例えば、拡張子 .ram, .rm, .rpm で終わるメディア・ファイル(例えば、オーディオ/ビデオ・ファイル)はREALMEDIA(R)(米国における登録商標)フォーマットと互換性がある。ファイルの拡張子およびそれと互換性のあるフォーマットの例を幾つか表2に挙げる。メディアのタイプ、拡張子、互換性フォーマットの、より包括的なリストは、http://www.bowers.cc/extensions2.htmで見られる。
【表1】
Figure 2005501302
【0011】
記述的データとしてのメタデータは、文字通り「データに関するデータ」である。メタデータは他のデータ(例えば、メディア・ファイル)の内容または属性を記述する情報からなるデータである。例えば「Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery」(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2413.txt)という名称のドキュメントは、メタデータを3つのグループに分け、その中に含まれている情報の等級または範囲を概略的に示す。これら3つのグループは:(1)主としてリソースの内容に関連する要素、(2)知的財産として見られたとき、主としてリソースに関連する要素、そして(3)主としてリソースの例示に関連する要素である。これらのグループに入るメタデータを表2に例示する。
【表2】
Figure 2005501302
【0012】
メタデータのソースには、Webページの内容、ユニフォーム・リソース・インジケータ(Uniform Resource Indicator:URI)、メディア・ファイル、およびメディア・ファイルの送信に使用されるトランスポート・ストリームが含まれる。Webページの内容には、HTML(Hypertext Mark‐up Language)、XML(Extensible Mark‐up Language)、メタタグ(metatag)、その他のテキストが含まれる。本明細書中で詳細に述べるが、メタデータは、WebページのURI、メディア・ファイル、および他のメタデータからも得られる。メディア・ファイル内のメタデータには、そのメディア・ファイル内に含まれている情報(例えば、マルチメディアまたはストリーミング・ファイルのヘッダまたはトレーラ(trailer)内における)も含まれる。メタデータは、TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)/IP(Internet Protocol)(例えばパケット)、ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)、フレーム・リレイ、セルラー・トランスポート・スキーム(例えば、セルラー電話スキーム)、MPEGトランスポート、HDTV放送、および無線通信トランスポートのような、メディア/メタデータ・トランスポート・ストリームからも得られる。また、メタデータは、並列にストリーム内に送信され、あるいはメディア・ファイルの送信に使用されるストリームの一部としても送信される(高精細度テレビジョン放送は、1つのストリームで送信され、メタデータは、電子番組ガイドの形式で、第2のストリームで送信される)。
【0013】
図1に、相互に接続されたコンピュータ・システムのネットワーク102および112からなるシステム100の概略図を示す。各コンピュータ・システムのネットワーク(102と112)は、少なくとも1個の対応するローカル・コンピュータ処理ユニット104(例えば、サーバー)を含み、ユニット104は、少なくとも1個の対応するローカル・データ蓄積ユニット106(例えば、データベース)、およびローカル・ネットワークのユーザ108を含む。コンピュータ・システム・ネットワークは、例えば、ローカル・エリア・ネットワーク(LAN)102、またはワイド・エリア・ネットワーク(WAN)112である。ローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104はネットワーク(インターネット)114を介して複数のメディア・デバイス110に選択的に結合される。複数のローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108、および/またはメディア・デバイス110はそれぞれ、そのローカル・コンピュータ・システムに接続される種々のデバイス(スキャナ、バーコード・リーダ、プリンタ、他のインタフェース・デバイスなど)を備える。ローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108、またはメディア・デバイス110は、Webブラウザでプログラムされ、ローカル・データ蓄積装置106に内容が在る特定のWebページを見つけ出し選択し(例えば、マウスをクリックして)、Webページの内容にアクセスする。Webページには他のコンピュータ・システムおよび他のWebページへのリンクが含まれる。
【0014】
ローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108、および/またはメディア・デバイス110は、コンピュータ・ターミナル、インターネット・プロトコル(IP)を使用しインターネットを介して通信できるページャ(pager)、インターネットへのアクセスを有するキオスク(Kiosk)、接続された電子プランナ(electronic planner)(例えば、Palm社製のPALMデバイス)、あるいはネットワークを介して双方向通信可能な他のデバイス(例えば、電子パーソナル・プランナ)、などである。ローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108、および/またはメディア・デバイス110はまた、ワイヤレス・アクセス・プロトコル(Wireless Access Protocol:WAP)を使用しインターネットを介して接続し通信するハンドヘルド・ユニット(例えば、セルラー電話)のようなワイヤレス(無線通信)デバイスでもある。ネットワーク102と112は、モデムの接続、ローカル・エリア・ネットワーク(LAN)、ケーブル・モデム、ディジタル加入者ライン(DSL)、撚線対、ワイヤレス・インタフェース(セルラー、赤外線、電波)、またはデータ信号を利用する同等のコネクション(connection:接続)によってネットワーク114に接続される。データベース106は、当該技術分野で知られている手段によって、ローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104に接続される。データベース106は、適正なメモリ(磁気的、光学的など)の形態をとる。データベース106は、外部のメモリであるか、またはローカル・コンピュータ・プロセッサ104、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108、および/またはメディア・デバイス110の内部に在る。
【0015】
コンピュータには、消費者用製品の内部および他のコンピュータ内に埋め込まれるコンピュータも含まれる。例えば、本発明の実施例には、テレビジョン受信機、セットトップボックス、オーディオ/ビデオ受信機、CDプレーヤ、VCR、DVDプレーヤ、マルチメディア・イネーブル・デバイス(例えば、電話機)、およびインターネット・イネーブル・デバイスの内部に埋め込まれるコンピュータ(プロセッサとして)も含まれる。
【0016】
本発明の実施例において、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108および/またはメディア・デバイス110は1つまたはそれ以上のプログラム・モジユールおよび1つまたはそれ以上のデータベースを含んでおり、それによってユーザ・プロセッサ108および/またはメディア・デバイス110は、ネットワーク114を介して、ローカル・プロセッサ104と、且つ互いに通信することができる。プログラム・モジュールにはプログラム・コードが含まれており、これは、Practical Extraction and Report Language(PERL)、Extensible Mark‐up Language(XML)、Java(登録商標)、Hypertext Mark‐up Language(HTML)、または他の同等な言語で書かれており、これによってネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108は、ネットワーク・ユーザ・プロセッサ108に貯えられているブラウザ・プログラムを介して、ローカル・プロセッサ104のプログラム・モジュールにアクセスできる。
【0017】
WebサイトとWebページは、インターネットのようなネットワーク上の場所であり、ここに情報(コンテンツ)が存在している。Webサイトは、単一または幾つかのWebページからなる。Webページは、ネットワーク上のWebページの場所(アドレス)からなるURI(Uniform Resource Indicator)によって識別される。WebサイトおよびWebページは、ローカル・エリア・ネットワーク102、ワイド・エリア・ネットワーク112、ネットワーク114、プロセッサ(例えば、サーバー)104、ユーザ・プロセッサ108および/またはメディア・デバイス110上に配置される。情報(コンテンツ)は、例えば、ハード・ドライブ、コンパクトディスク、メインフレーム・デバイスのような、蓄積デバイス内に貯えられる。コンテンツは種々の形式で貯えられ、これはWebサイトによって異なり、Webページによっても異なる。
【0018】
本発明により、マルチメディア/ストリーミング・メディア・オブジェクトのようなメディア・オブジェクトは、メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータを利用するために検索される。これを達成するために、抽出器(抽出エージェントとも称される)が、メディア・オブジェクトからのメタデータの抽出に利用される。抽出器は、メディア・オブジェクトから特定の情報を抽出できるプロセッサおよび/またはソフトウェアからなる。例えば、抽出器は、MP3をベースとする音楽ファイルに関連するID3タグからメタデータを抽出するWebクローラ(crawler)である。本発明の或る実施例では、統合された抽出器(unified extractor)が使用され、この統合された抽出器は複数のメディア・フォーマットから情報を抽出することができ、この情報を単一の共通出力表示形態として供給する。
【0019】
図2は、本発明による統合された抽出を実行するプロセスの流れ図である。図3は、本発明による統合された抽出器の機能ブロック図である。図2と図3について、メディア・オブジェクト、および/またはメディア・オブジェクトへのリンクが受信される(ステップ22)。メディア・オブジェクト、および/またはメディア・オブジェクトヘのリンクは、適当なソース(インターネット上のWebページ)から、またはデータベースから受信される。メディア・オブジェクト(例えば、マルチメディア、ストリーミング・メディア)を検索する検索システムは、検索されたメディア・オブジェクトに関連する情報を含んでいるWebページを見つけ出す。これらのWebページへのリンクは、この検索システムによって、本発明による統合された抽出器に供給される。リンクされたWebページは解析され、メディア・オブジェクトのタイプ/フォーマット分類器40によりメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定する(ステップ24)。分類器40は、受け取られたメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定することのできるプロセッサまたはソフトウェア・エンティティ(software entity)である。従って、メディア・オブジェクト・タイプ/フォーマット分類器40は、パーソナル・コンピュータ、サーバー・プロセッサ、メインフレーム・コンピュータ、マイクロプロセッサ、ソフトウェア・コード・セグメント、またはその組合せである。メディア・オブジェト(media object)は、Dublin Core、MPEG‐7、XML、または他の開発されたリレーションシップ標準(代表的なメタデータが定義される場合)に従うメディア・オブジェクトの組合せからなる(サポートされるメタデータの形態は本発明の動作によって制約されない)。
【0020】
メディア・オブジェクトのタイプには、オーディオ、ビデオ、テキスト、マルチメディア、ストリーミング・メディアが含まれる。メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットには、REALAUDIO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALVIDEO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALMEDIA(R)(米国における登録商標)、APPLE QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MICROSOFT WINDOWS(R)(米国および日本における登録商標) MEDIA FORMAT、QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MPEG‐2 LAYER III AUDIO、およびMP3(R)(米国における登録商標)が含まれる。例えば、本発明の或る実施例では、メディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定するために、メディア・オブジェクトのファイル拡張子、MIMEのタイプ、を評価し、メディア・オブジェクトのURIのパターンを認識し、メディア・オブジェクトを含むメタファイルを解析し、またはそれらの組合せによる。MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions:多目的インターネット・メール拡張)は、インターネット上で一般に使用される標準を指しており、電子メールの通信に使用されるフォーマットを指定する。また、このMIMEフォーマットの標準は、HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol:ハイパーテキスト転送プロトコル)の一部としても使用される。HTTPは、互いに通信するためにインターネット上でWebサーバーおよびWebブラウザのようなプロセッサで最もよく使用されている。メディア・オブジェクトのURI(完全なURIが好ましい)におけるパターンの認識は、メディア・オブジェクトを含むメディア・メタファイルの構成と、その構成に対応するメタ(meta)のタイプを決定するのに役に立つ。メタファイルは、テキスト読取り可能なファイル(ASCII、XML)であって、特定のメディア・タイプに対応する構成を含んでいる(例えば、Real NetworksはRAMまたはSMILメタファイルを使用して、少なくとも1つのREALメディア・オブジェクトを記述し且つ包含する)。SMIL(Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language:同期マルチメディア統合言語)ファイルはHTMLに類似するファイルであって、XMLシンタクス(syntax)を使用して、ビデオ、オーディオ、テキスト、グラフィック画像およびハイパーリンクを一まとめにする。上に挙げたソースからの情報はメディア・オブジェクトの符号化のファミリ(例えば、REALMEDIA(R)(米国における登録商標)、WINDOWS(登録商標) MEDIA PLAYER(R)(米国における登録商標)、MP3(R)(米国における登録商標))、およびメディア・オブジェクトのストリーム・フォーマット(REAL G2(R)(米国における登録商標)VIDEO、WINDOWS(R)(米国および日本における登録商標)AUDIO 4、MP3PRO(R)(米国における登録商標))の分類に役立つ。
【0021】
メディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットが分類されると、抽出器割り当てエージェント42は、分類されたメディア・オブジェクトを選択し、それを多フォーマット抽出器44内にある抽出器のうちの1つに割り当てる(ステップ26)。抽出器割り当てエージェント42は、受け取られたメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定できるソフトウェア・エンティティのプロセッサである。従って、抽出器割り当てエージェント42は、パーソナル・コンピュータ、サーバー・プロセッサ、メインフレーム・コンピュータ、マイクロプロセッサ、ソフトウェア・コード・セグメント、またはそれらの組合せからなる。多フォーマット抽出器44は複数の抽出器 (単一のデバイス内またはプログラム内にあることが好ましい) からなり、メタデータのような情報を各メディア・オブジェクトから抽出する。多フォーマット抽出器44内の抽出器には、REALAUDIO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALVIDEO(R)(米国における登録商標)、REALMEDIA(R)(米国における登録商標)、APPLE QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MICROSOFT WINDOWS(R)(米国および日本における登録商標)、MEDIA FORMAT、QUICKTIME(R)(米国における登録商標)、MPEG‐2 LAYER III AUDIO、およびMP3(R)(米国における登録商標)フォーマットに適合する抽出器が含まれる。多フォーマット抽出器44は、受け取られたメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定できるソフトウェア・エンティティのプロセッサである。従って、多フォーマット抽出器44はパーソナル・コンピュータ、サーバー・プロセッサ、メインフレーム・コンピュータ、マイクロプロセッサ、ソフトウェア・コード・セグメント、あるいはそれらの組合せである。割り当てられた抽出器は、メディア・オブジェクトのメディア・フォーマットに従ってメディア・オブジェクトからメタデータのような情報を抽出する(ステップ28)。
【0022】
抽出された情報はコンパイラ46で汎用データ構造の中にコンパイルされ、汎用データ構造のフォーマットは複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性があるものになる(ステップ30)。すなわち、抽出されているメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットに関りなく、抽出された情報は、その後のすべての処理に適合する単一のフォーマットにコンパイルされるので、各メディア・オブジェクトのタイプおよびフォーマットについて、別々のインタフェースとプロセッサの必要は無くなる。コンパイラ46は、受け取られたメディア・オブジェクトのタイプとフォーマットを決定できるソフトウェア・エンティティのプロセッサである。従って、コンパイラ46は、パーソナル・コンピュータ、サーバー・プロセッサ、メインフレーム・コンピュータ、マイクロプロセッサ、ソフトウェア・コード・セグメント、またはそれらの組合せである。
【0023】
本発明の或る実施例では、抽出コマンドが多フォーマット抽出器44に送られ、抽出された情報は、Java(登録商標) Native Interface(JNI:ジャヴァ・ネイティブ・インタフェース)を使用するJava(登録商標)プロセスにより汎用データ・フォーマットの中にコンパイルされる。Java(登録商標)はよく知られているプログラミング言語であって、インターネットのWebページに埋め込まれるプログラムを書くのに普通に使用されている。Java(登録商標)プログラムはストリームを使用し、Java(登録商標)ストリームは、データとして視覚化され、Java(登録商標)プログラムに供給されまたはJava(登録商標)プログラムから受け取られる。ジャヴァ・ネイティブ・インタフェース(JNI)はプログラミング・インタフェースであり、他の言語で書かれたアプリケーションとJava(登録商標)アプリケーションのインタフェースをとる。「native」という用語は、ネイティブな方法をいう。ネイティブな方法とは、例えば、C、C++、アセンブリのような、Java(登録商標)以外の言語で書かれた機能(function)である。従って、JNIは、nativeな方法とJava(登録商標)アプリケーションとのインタフェースをとるプログラミング・インタフェースである。本発明によれば、多フォーマット抽出器44は、メタデータを抽出するために、Java(登録商標)プロセスによって多フォーマット抽出器44に配信される各ストリームのタイプ(すなわち、メディアのタイプおよびフォーマット)に対応する抽出器からなる。更に、抽出されたメタデータはコンパイラ46で単一のストリームの中に組み込まれる。抽出されたメタデータは、Dublin Core、MPEG‐7、XML、あるいは他の開発されたリレーションシップ標準(代表的なメタデータが定義される場合)のような、メタデータ・オブジェクト標準に適合するようにコンパイルされる。本発明の別の実施例では、抽出されたメタデータは、スタイル・シート(style sheets)を使用してメディア・オブジェクト標準と適合するようにフォーマット化される。スタイル・シートはプログラミング・ツールであり、Webページのスタイル(フォント、色、余白、タイプフェースなど)をユーザ/プログラマが調整できるようにする。
【0024】
抽出された情報は、検索システム、ユーザ、またはその両者に利用される(ステップ32)。本発明の或る実施例では、抽出された情報はデータ・キュー(data queue)に入れられて(enqueued)、検索システム内のすべてのエージェント(例えば、プロセッサ、コード・セグメント)に利用される。オプションで、抽出された情報はデータベース48内に貯えられる(ステップ34)。データベース48はあらゆるタイプのメモリ、記憶およびデータベース管理用のリレーショナル・データベース管理システム、あるいはその組合せからなる。従って、データベース48内に貯えられた情報はその後の処理のためにシステムで利用できる。
【0025】
本発明は、コンピュータで実行される処理の形態で、且つそれらの処理を実行するための装置の形態で具体化される。また、本発明は、フロッピー(登録商標)ディスク、ROM、CD‐ROM、ハード・ドライブ、高密度ディスク、コンピュータで読み出し可能な他の蓄積媒体のような、有形のメディアにおいて具体化されるコンピュータ・プログラム・コードの形式で具体化される。コンピュータ・プログラム・コードがコンピュータの中にロードされコンピュータで実行されると、そのコンピュータは本発明を実施する装置となる。また、本発明は、コンピュータ・プログラムの形式で実行され、蓄積媒体内に貯えられ、コンピュータの中にロードされ、またはコンピュータで実行され、あるいは電線またはケーブルにより、光ファイバーにより、あるいは電磁放射によるなど、伝送媒体により送信される。コンピュータ・プログラムがコンピュータの中にロードされ、且つコンピュータで実行されると、そのコンピュータは本発明を実施する装置となる。汎用のプロセッサで実施されると、コンピュータ・プログラムのコード・セグメントは特定の論理回路を創出するようにプロセッサを構成する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
相互に接続されたコンピュータ・システム・ネットワークの概略図である。
【図2】
本発明による統合された抽出を実行するプロセスの流れ図である。
【図3】
本発明による統合された抽出器の機能的ブロック図である。

Claims (21)

  1. メディア・オブジェクト(media object)から情報を抽出する方法であって、メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定するステップと、
    前記決定されたフォーマットに適合する抽出器を選択するステップと、
    フォーマットに適合する前記抽出器を使用して前記メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出するステップと、
    汎用データ構造のフォーマットが複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットに適合している、前記汎用データ構造に従って前記抽出された情報をコンパイルするステップと、からなる前記情報抽出方法。
  2. 前記メディア・オブジェクトがマルチメディアとストリーミング(streaming)メディアのうちの少なくとも1つからなる、請求項1記載の方法。
  3. 前記抽出された情報が、前記メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータ(metadata)からなる、請求項1記載の方法。
  4. メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定する前記ステップで、前記メディア・オブジェクトのファイル拡張子、前記メディア・オブジェクトの多目的インターネット・メール拡張(MIME)タイプのうちの少なくとも1つを評価し、前記メディア・オブジェクトのURIにおけるパターンを認識し、前記メディア・オブジェクトを含むメタファイル(metafile)を解析する、請求項1記載の方法。
  5. 前記メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットがDublinCore、MEPG‐7、XML、および開発されたリレーションシップ標準(代表的メタデータが定義される場合)からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つの標準に適合する、請求項1記載の方法。
  6. メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出するシステムであって、メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定するメディア・オブジェクト分類器(40)と、
    前記決定されたフォーマットに適合する抽出器を選択する抽出器割り当てエージェント(42)と、
    複数の抽出器のうち少なくとも1つがフォーマットに適合する前記抽出器であって、該フォーマット適合抽出器が前記メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出する、前記複数の抽出器からなる多フォーマット抽出器(44)と、
    汎用データ構造のフォーマットが複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性がある、前記汎用データ構造に従って前記抽出された情報をコンパイルするコンパイラ(46)と、からなる前記システム。
  7. 前記抽出された情報を記憶するデータベース(48)を更に含む、請求項6記載のシステム。
  8. 前記メディア・オブジェクトがマルチメディアとストリーミング・メディアのうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項6記載のシステム。
  9. 前記抽出された情報が前記メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータ(metadata)を含む、請求項6記載のシステム。
  10. 前記メディア・オブジェクト分類器(40)が、前記メディア・オブジェクトのファイル拡張子、前記メディア・オブジェクトの多目的インターネット・メール拡張(MIME)タイプのうち少なくとも1つを評価して、前記メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定し、前記メディア・オブジェクトのURIのパターンを認識し、前記メディア・オブジェクトを含むメタファイル(metafile)を解析する、請求項6記載のシステム。
  11. 前記抽出された情報が前記メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータを含む、請求項5記載のシステム。
  12. プロセッサにメディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出させるためのプログラムが収められている、プログラム読み出し可能な媒体であって、
    前記プロセッサにメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定させる手段と、
    前記決定されたフォーマットに適合する抽出器を前記プロセッサに選択させる手段と、
    フォーマット適合する前記抽出器を使用し前記プロセッサに前記メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出させる手段と、
    汎用データ構造のフォーマットが複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性がある、前記汎用データ構造に従って前記プロセッサに前記抽出された情報をコンパイルさせる手段と、からなる、前記プログラム読み出し可能な媒体。
  13. 前記メディア・オブジェクトがマルチメディアとストリーミング(streaming)メディアのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項12記載のプログラム読み出し可能な媒体。
  14. 前記抽出された情報が前記メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータを含む、請求項12記載のプログラム読み出し可能な媒体。
  15. メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを前記プロセッサに決定させる前記手段が、前記メディア・オブジェクトのファイル拡張子、多目的インターネット・メール拡張(MIME)タイプのうち少なくとも1つを評価し、前記メディア・オブジェクトのURIのパターンを認識し、前記メディア・オブジェクトを含むメタファイルを解析する、請求項12記載のプログラム読み出し可能な媒体。
  16. 前記メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットがDublin Core、MPEG‐7、XML、および開発されたリレーションシップの標準(代表的メタデータが定義される場合)からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つの標準に適合する、請求項12記載のプログラム読み出し可能な媒体。
  17. 搬送波の中にあるデータ信号であって、
    メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットを決定するための、フォーマット決定コード・セグメント(code segment)と、
    前記決定されたフォーマットに適合する抽出器を選択するための、抽出器選択コード・セグメントと、
    前記フォーマット適合抽出器を使用して前記メディア・オブジェクトから情報を抽出するための、抽出用コード・セグメントと、
    汎用データ構造のフォーマットが複数のメディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットと互換性がある、前記汎用データ構造に従って前記抽出された情報をコンパイルするための、コンパイル用コード・セグメントと、からなる前記データ信号。
  18. 前記メディア・オブジェクトがマルチメディアとストリーミング・メディアのうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項17記載のデータ信号。
  19. 前記抽出された情報が前記メディア・オブジェクトに関連するメタデータを含む、請求項17記載のデータ信号。
  20. 前記フォーマット決定コード・セグメントが、前記メディア・オブジェクトのファイル拡張子、前記メディア・オブジェクトの多目的インターネット拡張(MIME)タイプのうち少なくとも1つを評価し、前記メディア・オブジェクトのURIのパターンを認識し、前記メディア・オブジェクトを含むメタファイルを解析する、請求項17記載のデータ信号。
  21. 前記メディア・オブジェクトのフォーマットがDublin Core、MPEG‐7、XML、および開発されたリレーションシップの標準(代表的メタデータが定義される場合)からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つの標準に適合する、請求項17記載のデータ信号。
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