CN1486468A - 用于搜索网络的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于搜索网络的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1486468A
CN1486468A CNA018221653A CN01822165A CN1486468A CN 1486468 A CN1486468 A CN 1486468A CN A018221653 A CNA018221653 A CN A018221653A CN 01822165 A CN01822165 A CN 01822165A CN 1486468 A CN1486468 A CN 1486468A
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C·A·波特
ϣ
J·D·雷希霍尔德
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E·C·雷姆
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Abstract

一种用于为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的诸如多媒体和流式传输媒体的内容而搜索网络的系统，该系统包括用于格式化一个搜索查询的适配器(12)，一个包括搜索结果的第一数据库(18)，一个第二数据库，它包括涉及从可搜索元数据产生的搜索结果的可返回的元数据，一个搜索处理器(14)以及包括一个搜索引擎固有的数据库的至少一个搜索引擎核心(20)。搜索引擎(14)调整所述第一数据库(18)和所述第二数据库(16)的搜索，并且将格式化的搜索查询提供到搜索引擎核心(20)。搜索处理器(14)还提供和接收搜索结果去往和来自所述第一数据库(18)和所述第二数据库(16)，并且将搜索结果提供给所述适配器(12)。所述系统将预定量的先前搜索结果存储在第一数据库(18)中，以便从数据库(18)中检索对于一个当前搜索的搜索结果，避免通过包括可搜索元数据的搜索引擎核心(20)进行搜索。

Description

用于搜索网络的系统和方法
本发明的技术领域总体上涉及计算机相关的信息搜索和检索，并且更具体而言，本发明涉及用于搜索基于网络的内容的健壮的系统和方法。
下面介绍理解本发明的背景。用户可获得的过量的多媒体和流式传输媒体文件是对于因特网(也称作万维网或者web)的普及有贡献的一个方面。不过，找到隐藏在web上的数百万文件中的特定多媒体或者流式传输媒体文件通常是极其困难的任务。在web上可获得的信息内容的量和种类可能继续以相当快的速度增加。与web的高度分散特性组合的这一增加在定位特定信息内容中产生了困难。
流式传输媒体指被经由因特网或者其它网络环境递送到用户计算机并且在整个文件的递送被完成之前就开始在用户计算机上播放的音频、视频、多媒体、文本和交互式数据文件。流式传输媒体的一个优点是流式传输媒体文件在整个文件被下载之前就开始播放，从而为用户节省了通常与下载整个文件相关联的长等待时间。数字记录的音乐、电影、预告片、新闻报道、无线电广播和实况事件都对于web上的流式传输内容的增加有贡献。此外，诸如电缆、DSL和T1的不太贵的高带宽连接正在为因特网用户提供对于来自新闻组织、好莱坞摄影棚、独立制片人、记录单以及甚至家庭用户的流式传输媒体内容的更迅速、更可靠的访问。
用户通常通过搜索引擎来搜索因特网上的特定信息。一个搜索引擎包括一组可以在诸如局域网(LAN)的网络或因特网以及万维网中的一个网站访问的程序。称作“机器人”或者“蜘蛛”的一个程序在搜索文档(例如网页)和其它程序中预先遍历一个网络，并且建立在文档中发现的关键字的大索引文件。典型地，用户明确表达一个包括一个或多个搜索项的查询，并且将该查询提交给搜索引擎的另一个程序。在响应中，搜索引擎检查其本身的索引文件并且显示一个与所述搜索查询相匹配的文档列表，通常作为超级链接。然后，用户可以激活超级链接之一以便看到包含在文档中的信息。
不过，传统的搜索引擎有缺点。例如，许多典型的搜索引擎被用于只发现文本信息。特别是，它们不适合用于包含在结构化数据库(例如关系数据库)中的索引信息、话音相关的信息、音频相关的信息、多媒体和流式传输媒体等。而且，混合来自不兼容数据源的数据对于传统的搜索引擎是困难的。
此外，许多传统的搜索引擎系统既不够健壮也不足够可升级来为用户提供搜索结果，并且不管搜索结果而迅速更新其数据库。许多搜索引擎系统包括驻留在特定处理器上的软件单元，其中软件单元不是可移植的。也就是说，软件单元不能被根据需要而下载到另一个处理器上。而且，许多软件单元都是提供商特定的，其中搜索引擎系统不能容纳另一个提供商的提供类似功能的软件。在软件单元可以安装在几个处理器上来并行处理大量数据的情况下，许多系统是不可升级的，这是因为所使用的处理器的数量不能被根据需要而增加或者减少。因此，需要一种没有上述缺陷和缺点的搜索系统。
本发明描述了一种用于为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索网络的系统，它包括用于格式化一个搜索查询的适配器。所述系统还包括一个含有先前的搜索结果的第一数据库以及用于存储当前搜索结果的第二数据库。还包括至少一个搜索引擎，用于为了涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索搜索引擎内在的数据库，还包括一个搜索处理器。搜索处理器调整第一数据库的搜索和所述至少一个搜索引擎，并且将已格式化的搜索查询提供给所述至少一个搜索引擎。搜索处理器还提供和接收搜索结果去往和来自第一数据库和第二数据库，并且将搜索结果提供给适配器。
一种用于为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索网络的方法包括接收搜索查询、格式化搜索查询以及为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索数据库。所述数据库包括先前的搜索结果。如果在数据库中没有找到基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容，则已格式化的搜索查询被提供给至少一个搜索引擎。搜索结果被从数据库或者至少一个搜索引擎中检索，并且检索到的搜索结果被格式化。
附图说明
图1是互连计算机系统网络的系统的程式化示意图；
图2是根据本发明的搜索系统的功能框图；
图3是根据本发明的包括多个搜索处理器的搜索系统的功能框图；以及
图4是根据本发明用于搜索基于网络的内容的方法的流程图。
因特网是世界范围内的计算机网络系统，也就是其中一个计算机的用户能够从任何其它计算机获取信息并且与其它计算机的用户通信的一组网络。因特网最被广泛使用的部分是万维网(通常缩写为“WWW”或者称作“web”)。web的一个显著特征是其对于超文本的使用，它是交叉参考的方法。在大多数网站中，某些字或者短语以不同于周围文本的颜色而出现。这个文本通常还被加上下划线。有时候，有“可点击”的按钮、图像或者图像的部分。使用web提供对于成百万页信息的访问。利用诸如NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR和MICROSOFT INTERNETEXPLORERE的web浏览器进行web“冲浪”。一个特定网站的外观会依赖于所使用的特定浏览器而稍微变化。最近的浏览器的版本具有提供动画、虚拟现实、声音和音乐的“插件程序”。
本发明是一种系统和方法，用于在计算机网络上通过使用元数据的搜索系统来检索基于网络的内容，包括媒体文件和涉及媒体文件的数据。如这里所使用的，术语“媒体文件”包括音频、视频、文本、多媒体数据文件和流式传输媒体文件。多媒体文件包括文本、图像、视频和音频数据的任何组合。流式传输媒体包括音频、视频、多媒体、文本和交互式数据文件，它们被通过因特网或其它通信网递送到用户计算机并且在整个文件的递送被完成之前就开始在用户计算机/设备上播放。流式传输媒体的一个优点是流式传输媒体文件在整个文件被下载之前就开始播放，为用户节省了通常与下载整个文件相关的长等待时间。数字记录的音乐、电影、预告片、新闻报道、无线电广播和实况事件都对于web上的流式传输内容中的增加有贡献。此外，通过使用诸如电缆、DSL、T1线路的高带宽连接和无线网络(例如基于2.5G或者3G的蜂窝网络)减少通信网络的成本为用户提供对于来自新闻组织、好莱坞摄影棚、独立制片人、记录单以及甚至家庭用户本身的流式传输媒体内容的更快、更可靠的访问。
流式传输媒体的例子包括歌曲、政治演讲、新闻广播、电影预告片、实况广播、无线电广播、金融会议呼叫、实况音乐会、web-cam电影胶片以及其它特殊事件。流式传输媒体被以各种格式编码，包括REALAUDIO、REALVIDEO、，REALMEDIA、，APPLE QUICKTIME、MICROSOFT WINDOWSMEDIA FORMAT、QUICKTIME、MPEG-2 LAYER IIIAUDIO以及MP3。典型地，媒体文件被利用表示与特殊格式的兼容性的扩展名(后缀)来设计。例如，以扩展名.ram、.rm、rpm之一结尾的媒体文件(例如音频和视频文件)与REALMEDIA格式兼容。下表中列出了文件扩展名及其兼容格式的一些例子。可以在http：//www.bowers.cc/extensions 2.htm上找到媒体类型、扩展名和兼容格式的更详尽的列表。
                     表1
REALMEDIA 扩展名
APPLE QUICKTIME .ram、.rm、.rpm
MICROSOFT WINDOWSMEDIA PLAYER .mov、.qif
MACROMEDIA FLASH .wma、.cmr、avi
MPEG .swf、.sw1
MPEG-2 LAYER III .mpg、.mpa、mp1、.mp2
音频 .mp3、.m3a、.m3u
作为描述数据的元数据字面上指“关于数据的数据”。元数据是包括描述其它数据(例如媒体文件)的内容或者属性的信息的数据。例如，题为“Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery(用于资源发现的都柏林核心元数据)”(http：//www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2413.txt)的文档将元数据分成三组，其概略表示包含在其中的信息的类型或范围。这三组是：(1)主要涉及资源内容的元素，(2)主要涉及当被看作智力属性时的资源的元素，以及(3)主要涉及资源实例化的元素。属于这三组的元数据的例子在下表中列出。
        表2
内容 智力属性 实例化
标题主体描述类型资源 创作者出版者投稿者权利 日期格式标识符语言
关系覆盖范围
元数据的资源包括网页内容、统一资源定位符(URL)、媒体文件和用于传输媒体文件的传送流。网页内容包括HTML、XML、元标签和网页上的其它文本。如这里更详细描述的，元数据还可以被从URL、网页、媒体文件和其它元数据获得。媒体文件中的元数据可以包括在媒体文件中包含的信息，如在多媒体或者流式传输文件的标题或者尾部中包含的信息。元数据还可以被从媒体/元数据传送流中获得，所述传送流是诸如TCP/IP(例如分组)、ATM、帧中继、基于蜂窝的传送方案(例如基于蜂窝的电话方案)、MPEG传送、HDTV广播和基于无线的传送。元数据还可以被在一个流中并行地或者作为用于传输媒体文件的流的一部分而传输(一个高清晰度电视广播被在一个流中传输，以电子节目向导形式的元数据被在第二个流上传输)。
参见图1，其中示出了互连计算机系统网络102和112的系统100的程式化概述。每个计算机系统网络102和112含有至少一个相应的本地计算机处理器单元104(例如服务器)，它耦合到至少一个相应的本地数据存储单元106(例如数据库)和本地网络用户108。作为通信网的计算机系统网络可以是例如局域网(LAN)102或者广域网(WAN)112。本地计算机处理器单元104选择地通过网络(例如因特网)114耦合到多个媒体设备110。所述多个本地计算机处理器104中的每一个、网络用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110可以具有各种连接到其本地计算机系统的设备，如扫描仪、条形码阅读器、打印机和其它接口设备。被利用web浏览器编程的本地计算机处理器104、网络用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110(例如通过利用鼠标点击)查找并选择一个特定网页，以便访问该网页的内容，该网页的内容位于计算机系统网络102、112的本地数据存储单元106上。网页可以含有到其它计算机系统和其它网页的链接。
本地计算机处理器104、网络用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110可以是计算机终端、能够使用因特网协议(IP)通过因特网通信的寻呼机、具有因特网接入的公用电话亭、被连接的电子计划器(例如由Palm公司制造的PALM设备)或者能够通过网络进行交互式通信的其它设备，如电子个人计划器。本地计算机处理器104、网络用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110还可以是无线设备，诸如使用无线接入协议(WAP)连接到因特网并且通过因特网通信的手持单元(例如蜂窝电话)。网络102和112可以被利用调制解调器连接、局域网(LAN)、电缆调制解调器、数字用户线(DSL)、双绞线、基于无线的接口(蜂窝、红外线、无线电波)或者使用数据信号的等效连接而连接到网络114。数据库106可以被利用本领域已知的任何装置连接到本地计算机处理器单元104。数据库106可以采用任何恰当类型存储器(例如磁性、光等)的形式。数据库106可以是外部存储器或者位于本地计算机处理器104、网络用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110内。
计算机还可以包括嵌入在消费品中的计算机和其它计算机。例如，本发明的一个实施例可以包括嵌入在电视中的(作为处理器的)计算机、机顶盒、音频/视频接收机、CD播放器、VCR、DVD播放机、启用多媒体的设备(例如电话)和启用因特网的设备。
在本发明的示范实施例中，网络用户处理器1 08和/或媒体设备110包括允许用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110在网络114上与本地处理器104通信以及互相通信的一个或多个程序模块和一个或多个数据库。所述程序模块包括以PERL、可扩展标示语言(XML)、Java、超文本标示语言(HTML)或者任何其它等效语言编写的程序代码，其允许网络用户处理器108通过存储在网络用户处理器108上的浏览器程序来访问本地处理器104的程序模块。
网站和网页是诸如因特网的网络上驻留了信息(内容)的位置。网站可以包括一个单独的或者几个网页。网页由包括网页在网络上的位置(地址)的统一资源标识符(URI)所标识。网站和网页可以位于局域网102、广域网112、网络114、处理单元(例如服务器)104、用户处理器108和/或媒体设备110上。信息或内容可以被存储在诸如硬盘驱动器、光盘和主机设备的任何存储设备中。内容可以被以各种形式存储，所述各种形式可以在网站之间不同，甚至可以在网页之间不同。
图2中的功能框图200表示根据本发明的用于搜索网络的健壮系统。系统200包括几个功能单元，包括适配器12、搜索处理器14、用于搜索结果的数据存储器16、查询高速缓冲存储器18、搜索引擎核心20、搜索持久存储器22和加速器(promoter)24。在本发明的一个实施例中，系统200的功能单元中的每一个被在多个处理器上实现，其可以被根据设置在系统200上的要求而动态修改。例如，系统200中的每个功能单元可以驻留在独立的处理单元上，其中额外的处理单元被使得在线帮助任何特定功能并且当所述要求减少时被去激活。在另一个示范实施例中，系统200的所有功能单元都驻留在一个单独的处理单元上，其中软件代码段和存储器被与每个功能单元相关联。可用于一个特定功能单元的单独处理器单元的资源的量是动态的，并且被根据设置在所述单独处理单元上的对于一个特定功能的要求而分配。
系统200包括可分性(可分开性)和可伸缩性的特征。可分性指系统200的功能单元是完全可移植和可替换的。也就是，每个功能单元可以驻留在任何处理单元上并且任何功能单元都可以被该功能单元的一个更新的版本或者另一个提供商的版本所替换。通过实现单元间特定接口协议来保证可分性。也称作应用程序编程接口(API)的单元间接口允许功能单元互相通信，而不管功能单元的版本或提供商。API是本领域公知的。API是一组预定的可重用的协议。例如，为了创建一个用于搜索的API，利用一组定义的参数(例如查询串、希望的比特率串、希望的系统串)来为一个接口提供方法搜索，所有系统都必须承诺遵守所述API。
可伸缩性是指系统200能够将系统资源再分配以便符合特定功能单元的要求。例如，系统200根据所述功能单元需要的存储器的量来增加或者减少可用于特定功能单元的存储器，诸如查询高速缓冲存储器18。因此，如果查询高速缓冲存储器18需要更多的存储器，则系统200就使得更多存储器可用于查询高速缓冲存储器18。随着数据被从查询高速缓冲存储器18中清除，未被使用的存储器就可用于系统200的其它功能单元。当前的再分配需要在修改配置设置之后重新启动所述部件之一。
适配器12是用于将搜索查询转换和格式化成为系统200可使用的系统格式的功能单元。适配器12根据由搜索引擎核心20所要求的方案来将诸如用户提交的搜索查询的一个查询从一个诸如超文本传送协议(HTTP)的标准协议转换成为诸如可扩展标示语言(XML)的系统200特定的格式。特定的搜索引擎通常需要数据被以该搜索引擎的特定XML格式来提供。因此，适配器12将搜索引擎转换和格式化成为每个搜索引擎特定的格式。适配器12还将搜索结果从系统格式格式化成为被提交的格式或者被请求的格式，诸如超文本标示语言(HMTL)和XML。
HTTP是由因特网上的处理器最通常使用的用来互相通信的协议。HTTP事务通常包括由一个处理器向另一个处理器发送的请求以及一个返回的响应。HTTP请求和响应包括描述消息的消息头。XML是描述网络(例如因特网)数据及其结构的语言，这与描述数据应当被如何呈现的HTML大不相同。XML为用户提供创建她自己用于描述信息的词汇表的能力。利用这个能力，一个XML文档可以被设计来适合利用HTML所不可能实现的特定用途。因此，许多搜索引擎为被提供的数据创建搜索引擎特定的XML代码并非不常见。
搜索处理器14是用于调整由系统200执行的搜索过程的功能单元。搜索处理器14保证一个搜索查询被正确地转换成为系统格式并且搜索结果被转换成为正确的格式(例如用户提供的格式、用户特定的格式)。搜索处理器14还保证查询被在恰当的数据库中搜索。
查询高速缓冲存储器18是一个包括搜索引擎结果的拷贝的功能单元，所述搜索结果是诸如涉及和/或来自多个先前搜索的数据标识符和分数，尽管查询高速缓冲存储器18也可以容纳涉及先前搜索的其它形式的数据。查询高速缓冲存储器18可以包括任何能够存储搜索结果并且与搜索处理器14通信这些搜索结果的处理器、代码段、存储设备、数据库或者其组合。随着搜索查询被提供到系统200，基于这些查询的搜索的结果被存储在查询高速缓冲存储器18中。如果对于目前的搜索查询的搜索结果被存储在查询高速缓冲存储器18中，则搜索结果被由搜索处理器14直接从查询高速缓冲存储器18中检索，而无需访问搜索引擎核心20。然后，从查询高速缓冲存储器18或者搜索引擎核心20返回的记录标识符被与来自结果数据存储器16的可显示数据组合。然后，这些组合的结果被经由适配器12提供给用户或者请求的系统。存储在查询高速缓冲存储器18中的搜索结果被根据称作LRU(最不最近使用的)的过程而更新。根据LRU过程，最近的搜索结果代替已经驻留在查询高速缓冲存储器18上时间最长的搜索结果。也就是，最近的搜索结果代替最旧的搜索结果。因此，包含在查询高速缓冲存储器18中的存储器的量(尺寸)在限度内保持大致不变。不过，查询高速缓冲存储器18的尺寸可以被根据设置在查询高速缓冲存储器18上的要求而增加或者减少。在一个实施例中，尺寸可以配置成为一个启动参数并且改变高速缓冲存储器的尺寸只需要重新启动查询高速缓冲存储器(18)。系统认识到查询高速缓冲存储器被重新启动并且正常地继续。此外，如果在一个预定量的时间中，存储在查询高速缓冲存储器18上的搜索结果没有被访问或者替换，则它们被删除(也就是，从查询高速缓冲存储器18中清除)。例如，为了及时提供用于诸如新闻的条目的结果，这些条目被在大约30分钟之后“成为失效(ageout)”。不过，这个参数是可配置的，并且可以被设置成为任何希望的值。
在一个替代实施例中，查询高速缓冲存储器18支持结果翻页。来自一个查询的结果典型地包括所有对应于一个搜索查询的命中(hit)。在这个实施例中，当从查询高速缓冲存储器18检索数据时，搜索处理器14只接收被适配器12格式化的满足对于当前被请求的一页数据(例如对应于被显示的第一页的)所需要的数据的一个子集。当搜索处理器14请求由适配器12格式化的搜索结果的额外一页时，数据的一个额外子集(例如对应于被显示的第二页)被从查询高速缓冲存储器18发送。例如，紧接在一个查询运行之后，只有搜索结果的第一页被返回到适配器12用于格式化。如果一个用户希望看到第二页，则相同的查询被再次传送通过系统，但是搜索请求只是对于对应于被显示的第二页的数据行。
搜索引擎核心20是用于提供搜索机制的功能单元，其中数据库被为搜索查询和搜索查询相关的数据而搜索。被搜索引擎核心20搜索的数据库包括由搜索网络(例如因特网)的诸如蜘蛛和机器人的代理所产生的内容。搜索引擎核心20可以是本领域已知的任何恰当的搜索引擎核心。搜索引擎核心的例子包括OracleTMiMTTM、AltaVistaTM和InfoSeekTM。通过使用API的系统200的可分性允许任何搜索引擎核心被修改到一个更新的版本，被另一个提供商的版本替换，被一个不同的搜索引擎核心替换，或者其组合，而无需停用系统200。因此，系统200不依赖于一种特定类型的搜索引擎核心。尽管图2示出的系统200包括多个搜索引擎核心20，但是根据本发明，系统200也可以包括一个单独的搜索引擎核心20。
结果数据存储器16是用于存储与存储在搜索引擎核心和搜索持久存储器中的每个条目相关的元数据的功能单元。通过搜索引擎核心20的使用而找到的诸如主关键字的数据标识符被存储在结果数据存储器16中，用于随后提供给用户或者请求的系统。搜索结果包括对于每个流已知的任何可返回的元数据。例子包括标题、URL、作者、比特率和系统。表1和2含有用于三个不同条目(三个唯一的文件名)的元数据。结果关键字是用于索引到存储在结果数据库中的元数据的唯一标识符。分数是为一个特定查询为所述特定结果关键字计算的数字加权。这个数字加权处理要到达一个对于每行对于每个查询的单独被加权分数的检索词频率、日期关联和其它关联需求。每个结果数据存储器16可以包括能够存储搜索结果和与搜索处理器14传送这些搜索结果的任何处理器、代码段、存储设备、数据库或者其组合。尽管系统200被在图2中示为包括多个结果数据存储器16，但是根据本发明，系统200也可以包括一个单独的结果数据存储器16。
搜索持久存储器22是这样一个功能单元，它用于存储元数据最近的形式，以便更新搜索引擎核心20并且将搜索元数据提供到结果数据存储器16。搜索持久存储器22可以包括能够存储搜索结果、将搜索结果提供到结果数据存储器16和更新搜索引擎核心20的任何处理器、代码段、存储设备、数据库或者其组合。搜索持久存储器22为每个流存储(可搜索和可返回的)元数据的完整版本。搜索引擎核心20只含有可搜索的(它从搜索持久存储器中获得的)元数据，同时结果数据存储器16检索可返回的元数据。由分发结果到每个相应系统的搜索持久存储器22更新搜索引擎核心20和结果数据存储器16。
加速器24是用于利用对于给定的文件/流已知的元数据的最近版本来更新存储在搜索持久存储器22中的中间元数据的功能单元。然后，这个最近的元数据被以及时的方式提供给搜索引擎核心20和结果数据存储器16，以便随着元数据的发展而提供它的形式。按照处理负载允许的，这个机制提供了快速更新元数据的手段以及在周期的时间线上为结果数据存储器16和搜索引擎核心20提供元数据的手段。搜索持久存储器/加速器典型地被在地理上类似的位置上的单块(monolith)之间共享。这些机制是用于更新来自搜索引擎核心20和结果数据存储器16的可搜索形式的元数据的主要源。因此提供了一个可靠和可维护的搜索系统。加速从工作流系统中获取被更新的元数据并且随着新数据被发现和当前数据被更新而更新系统。搜索引擎核心20和结果数据存储器16以可配置的间隔从搜索持久存储器22获取被更新的内容，以便更新元数据的形式，如表3和4所示。
在本发明的一个替代实施例中，加速器24利用两个子系统工作：一个用于数据获取，另一个用于在数据库和搜索客户之间移动数据。用于数据获取的第一个子系统通过本领域公知的诸如蜘蛛的数据提取器来从连接在因特网上的源获取元数据。然后，这个被收集的元数据被加速器的第一个子系统移动到搜索持久存储器22中。称作“分配器”的第二个子系统将(包括一些被收集的元数据的)数据从搜索持久存储器22移动到象地理上远离搜索持久存储器22的搜索引擎、搜索引擎核心20、结果数据存储器16和其它搜索持久存储器22的客户。
                  表3
文件名： ALL_LOVE.WM YELLOW_SUB.RM
标题： 你所需要的是爱 黄色潜水艇
艺术家： 甲克虫 甲克虫
照相簿： 黄色潜水艇 黄色潜水艇
版权日期： 1969 1969
格式： 微软MediaPlayer RealMedia
播放速率： 250KB 30KB
                  表4
文件名： YELLOW_SUB.RM YELLOW_MOV.RM
标题： 黄色潜水艇 黄色潜水艇
艺术家： 甲克虫
照相簿： 黄色潜水艇
演员： 约翰列侬
风格： 音乐
版权日期： 1969 1969
格式： RealMedia RealMedia
播放速率： 30KB 250KB
图3是根据本发明的包括多个搜索处理器14和负载平衡器28的系统300的功能框图。从图3中可以看出，系统300包括共享一个公共查询高速缓冲存储器18的两个子系统32。每个子系统32以类似于系统200的方式操作。根据设置在系统300上的要求，负载平衡器28将处理负载大约平均地在子系统之间分配。此外，如果一个子系统成为不起作用的，则负载平衡器28动态地将用于不起作用的子系统的工作流分配给另一个子系统。尽管系统300被描述为具有两个子系统32，但是系统300也可以包括共享一个公共的查询高速缓冲存储器18的两个子系统32，以便提供被设置在系统300上的要求。任选地，系统300具有在它们各自的搜索持久存储器22和加速器24之间共享数据的两个子系统32。
图4是用于根据本发明搜索基于网络的内容的过程的流程图。在步骤42，适配器12接收搜索查询。搜索查询可以被用户、请求的系统或者由两个查询提供者提供。在步骤44，适配器12将搜索查询从标准协议(例如HTTP)转换成为系统特定的格式(例如XML)。在步骤48，为涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索查询高速缓冲存储器18。如果涉及搜索查询的内容被在查询高速缓冲存储器18中找到，则在步骤46，包括所述内容的搜索结果被从查询高速缓冲存储器18中检索。如果搜索结果被从查询高速缓冲存储器18获得，则搜索引擎核心20不被搜索。因此，通过不采用搜索引擎来搜索涉及搜索查询的内容，系统和过程提供一个非常快和有效的为用户和/或请求的系统提供搜索结果的手段。在步骤56，利用涉及从查询高速缓冲存储器46检索的搜索结果的信息来更新历史文件。这个历史文件中的信息被用于更新查询高速缓冲存储器18。用于从查询高速缓冲存储器18和/或搜索引擎核心20返回的每个关键字/分数的数据被与从结果数据存储器16可返回的元数据组合。来自查询高速缓冲存储器18的搜索结果(关键字和分数)以及在步骤57中获取的(从结果数据存储器16)可返回的元数据被在步骤65合并，形成了搜索引擎查询结果与相关的数据存储器结果的合并。然后，在步骤58，搜索结果被格式化成符合搜索查询最初被提供的格式或者被明确请求的格式。然后，在步骤60，被格式化的搜索结果被通过结果数据存储器16、搜索处理器14和适配器12提供给用户和/或系统。
在搜索系统的各个实施例中，查询高速缓冲存储器18可以被在协同定位的实体或者单块之间共享，或者可以被包括在一个单块中，其中每个单块包括一个查询高速缓冲存储器18。这个灵活性还可以应用于结果数据存储器16。也就是，结果数据存储器16可以被在协同定位的单块之间共享，或者被包括在一个单块中，其中每个单块包括一个结果数据存储器。
如果没有涉及搜索查询的内容被在查询高速缓冲存储器18中找到，则在步骤50，被格式化的搜索查询被提供给搜索引擎核心20。搜索引擎核心搜索对于每个搜索引擎固有的包括可搜索元数据的数据库。查询还可以涉及多个搜索引擎，这些搜索引擎的相应搜索引擎核心数据库是被搜索的元数据。这些固有的数据库可以包括由诸如蜘蛛和机器人的代理所执行的网络搜索的结果。如果结果来自多个搜索引擎，则在步骤52，称作子集的结果被通过对于搜索引擎核心20进行搜索而获得，产生被合并的搜索引擎结果。搜索持久存储器22是来自用于更新搜索引擎核心20和结果数据存储器16的加速的所有数据的中央高速缓冲存储器。搜索持久存储器22可以被与单块协同定位，或者一个地理上分开的单块可以有其自己的被通过加速而同步的搜索持久存储器22。在步骤54，利用涉及从搜索引擎搜索获得的搜索结果的信息来更新(例如添加、改变或者删除)查询高速缓冲存储器18。因此，如果当前的搜索查询再次被提供给系统，则系统将从查询高速缓冲存储器18检索搜索结果，而不是再次采用耗时的搜索引擎核心20。在步骤56，历史文件被利用涉及从搜索引擎核心20检索的搜索结果的信息而更新。这个历史文件中的信息被用来更新查询高速缓冲存储器18。来自查询高速缓冲存储器18的搜索结果(关键字和分数)以及在步骤57获得的(从结果数据存储器16)可返回的元数据被在步骤65合并，形成了搜索引擎查询结果与相关数据存储器结果的合并。然后，在步骤58，搜索结果被格式化成符合搜索查询最初被提供的格式或者明确被请求的格式。然后，在步骤60，从查询高速缓冲存储器18获取的搜索结果被通过结果数据存储器16、搜索处理器14和适配器12提供给用户和/或系统。
在步骤58执行的转换和格式化包括进行格式化以便从存储在搜索引擎核心20中的中间搜索结果中提取搜索查询特定内容(例如流式传输媒体文件)，并且对搜索结果进行格式化以便符合用户提供的或者由适配器12规定的格式。
注意，虽然系统200的一些实施例都是利用一个单独的处理器操作，但是本发明也可以利用在图3中的系统32所示的多个单块(每个有自己的搜索处理器14)上的部署而有效地操作，所述多个单块具有可以被共享的搜索子系统。例如，两个子系统32被耦合到一起以便形成系统300。用于系统300的搜索处理器的数量是二，但是在本发明的这个替代实施例中，有一个在每个系统32之间共享的单独的搜索持久存储器22和单独的加速器24。这个子系统的加倍可以加倍产生可返回元数据的图3中的系统300的每分钟的查询数量，这对于可以被搜索的元数据的影响很小。本发明还提供了其它可伸缩部署的改变，例如两个搜索持久存储器22可以被三个系统32基于地理或者带宽关系而共享。此外，系统32中的多个搜索引擎核心20可以被添加，以便进一步增加对于一个搜索可以被查询的数据库的量(可搜索的元数据)。本质上，耦合在一起的系统32以及添加在每个系统32中的搜索引擎核心20越多；在所描述的本发明中可以容纳的搜索查询、可搜索的元数据以及可返回的元数据就越多。
根据本发明用于搜索网络的系统和方法提供健壮性、可分性、可伸缩性、效率以及快速度。由一个包括具有定义的对于每个其它功能单元的应用程序接口(API)的功能单元的系统提供这些特性。因此，一个功能单元的版本或者提供源的改变对于系统有最小的影响。此外，系统被动态地可重新配置，以便符合设置在系统上的处理和存储器要求。没有一个功能单元需要驻留在一个特定的硬件设备上，因此提供了与分布式结果可比较的可重构性。而且，系统将预定量的先前的搜索结果存储在一个高速缓冲存储器中，以便对于一个当前搜索的搜索结果被从所述高速缓冲存储器中检索，因此避免了采用一个搜索引擎来搜索网络的耗时过程。
可以用计算机实现的过程以及用于实践这些过程的设备来实现本发明。还可以用嵌入在有形媒体中的计算机程序代码来实现本发明，所述有形媒体包括诸如软盘、只读存储器(ROM)、CD-ROM、硬盘驱动器、高密度盘或者任何其它计算机可读的存储介质，其中当计算机程序代码被加载到计算机中并且由该计算机执行时，该计算机成为用于实践本发明的设备。还可以用计算机程序代码或者电子信号的形式来体现本发明，所述计算机程序代码或者电子信号或者被存储在存储介质中，被加载到计算机中和/或由该计算机执行，或者通过光纤或者经由电磁辐射而在诸如电线或者电缆的某些传输介质上传输，其中当计算机程序代码被加载到计算机中并且由该计算机执行时，该计算机成为用于实践本发明的设备。当实现在一个通用处理器上时，计算机程序代码段配置处理器以便建立特定逻辑电路。

Claims (29)

1.一种用于为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索网络的方法，该方法包括步骤：
接收所述搜索查询；
格式化所述搜索查询；
为了所述基于网络的涉及所述搜索查询的内容而搜索数据库，该数据库包括先前的搜索结果；
如果在所述数据库中没有找到基于网络的涉及所述搜索查询的内容，则将所述被格式化的搜索查询提供给至少一个搜索引擎；
从所述数据库和所述至少一个搜索引擎之一中检索搜索结果；并且
格式化所述检索到的搜索结果。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括更新包括搜索结果的历史文件的步骤。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述格式化所述搜索查询的步骤包括将所述搜索查询格式化成为与所述至少一个搜索引擎兼容的格式。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括更新所述数据库以便包括最近的搜索结果的步骤，其中：
所述最近的搜索结果代替最不最近的搜索结果；以及
驻留在所述数据库中至少一个预定量的时间的搜索结果被从所述数据库中清除。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述格式化所述检索到的搜索结果的步骤包括将所述检索到的搜索结果格式化成为用户提供的格式和被请求的格式中的一个。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述搜索查询包括多媒体和流式传输媒体中的至少一个。
7.一种用于为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索网络的系统(200)，该系统(200)包括：
一个用于格式化所述搜索查询的适配器(12)；
一个包括搜索结果的第一数据库(18)；
一个第二数据库(16)，它包括涉及从可搜索元数据产生的所述搜索结果的可返回的元数据；以及
一个搜索引擎(14)，用于：
调整所述第一数据库(18)的搜索；
调整所述第二数据库(16)的搜索；
提供和接收所述涉及所述搜索查询的搜索结果去往和来自所述第一数据库(18)和所述第二数据库(16)；以及
将涉及所述搜索查询的搜索结果提供给所述适配器(12)。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括用于修改被收集用于一个未来的搜索查询的数据的加速器(24)。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述修改包括下列中的至少一个：优化所述被收集的数据的用于支持所述搜索引擎(14)的格式，优化所述被收集的数据的用于支持所述搜索引擎(14)的选择，以及产生所述被收集的数据用于转换成为可显示的格式。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其中所述被收集的数据的用于支持所述搜索引擎(14)的所述格式与所述可显示格式是不同的。
11.如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括用于存储由所述搜索引擎(14)和所述第二数据库(16)使用的被格式化的数据的搜索持久数据库(22)。
12.如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括：
多个适配器(12)；
相应的多个搜索引擎(14)；
以及一个负载平衡器(28)，用于在所述多个适配器(12)和所述相应的搜索引擎(14)的每一个中大约平均地分配处理负载。
13.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述适配器(12)、所述搜索引擎(14)、所述第一数据库(18)、所述第二数据库(16)之间的通信是根据一个系统特定的应用编程接口协议。
14.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述搜索查询包括多媒体和流式传输媒体中的至少一个。
15.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中一个第三数据库(20)包括所述可搜索的元数据。
16.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述第一数据库(18)包括下列中的至少一个：从先前的对应于所述第二数据库(16)中的所述元数据的搜索查询产生的一个关键字，以及从先前的对应于所述第二数据库(16)中的所述元数据的搜索查询产生的一个分数。
17.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中：
所述搜索引擎(14)将来自对应于所述搜索查询的所述搜索结果的数据的一个子集返回到所述适配器(12)用户格式化；以及
所述格式化是从对应于所述对应于所述搜索查询的搜索结果的多个被显示页中产生一个被显示的页。
18.一种包含程序的程序可读介质，所述程序使得一个处理器为了基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索网络，所述程序可读介质包括：
使得所述处理器接收所述搜索查询的装置；
使得所述处理器格式化所述搜索查询的装置；
使得所述处理器为了所述基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容而搜索数据库的装置，所述数据库包括先前的搜索结果；
如果在所述数据库中没有找到基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容，则用于使得所述处理器将所述已格式化的搜索查询提供给至少一个搜索引擎的装置；
用于使得所述处理器从所述数据库和所述至少一个搜索引擎之一中检索搜索结果的装置；以及
使得所述计算机格式化所述检索到的搜索结果的装置。
19.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，所述程序可读介质还包括用于使得所述处理器更新一个包括搜索结果的历史文件的装置。
20.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，所述用于使得所述处理器格式化所述搜索查询的装置还包括用于使得所述处理器将所述搜索查询格式化成为与所述至少一个搜索引擎兼容的格式的装置。
21.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，所述程序可读介质还包括用于使得所述处理器更新所述数据库以便包括最近的搜索结果的装置，其中：
所述最近的搜索结果代替最不最近的搜索结果；以及
驻留在所述数据库中至少一个预定量的时间的搜索结果被从所述数据库中清除。
22.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，其中所述用于使得所述处理器格式化所述检索到的搜索结果的装置包括使得所述处理器将所述检索到的搜索结果格式化成为一个用户提供的格式和一个被请求的数据格式的装置。
23.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，其中所述装置合并所述从多个搜索引擎检索到的搜索结果。
24.如权利要求18所述的程序可读介质，其中所述搜索查询包括多媒体和流式传输媒体中的至少一个。
25.一种包括在载波中的数据信号，包括：
用于接收一个搜索查询的接收搜索查询代码段，所述搜索查询用于为了基于网络的涉及所述搜索查询的内容而搜索一个网络；
用于格式化所述搜索查询的格式化搜索查询代码段；
用于为了所述基于网络的涉及一个搜索查询的内容而搜索一个数据库的搜索数据库代码段，所述数据库包括先前的搜索结果；
一个提供格式化的搜索查询代码段，用于如果在所述数据库中没有找到基于网络的涉及搜索查询的内容，则将已格式化的搜索查询提供给至少一个搜索引擎；
一个检索搜索结果代码段，用于从所述数据库和所述至少一个搜索引擎之一中检索搜索结果；以及
一个格式化检索到的搜索结果代码段，用于格式化所述检索到的搜索结果。
26.如权利要求25所述的数据信号，还包括一个用于更新包括搜索结果的历史文件的更新历史文件代码段。
27.如权利要求25所述的数据信号，其中格式化所述搜索查询包括将所述搜索查询格式化成为与所述至少一个搜索引擎兼容的格式。
28.如权利要求25所述的数据信号，还包括用于更新所述数据库以便包括最近的搜索结果的更新数据库代码段，其中：
所述最近的搜索结果代替最不最近的搜索结果；以及
驻留在所述数据库中至少一个预定量的时间的搜索结果被从所述数据库中清除。
29.如权利要求28所述的数据信号，其中当所述搜索查询位于所述数据库中时，所述更新所述数据库添加来自多个搜索引擎的最近的搜索结果。
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CN101430698B (zh) * 2004-06-25 2014-02-12 苹果公司 用于搜索和存储数据的方法和系统
CN100350778C (zh) * 2004-11-18 2007-11-21 北京锐安科技有限公司 数据过滤条件的动态控制方法与装置
CN101283407B (zh) * 2005-10-14 2012-05-23 松下电器产业株式会社 变换编码装置和变换编码方法
CN101299829B (zh) * 2007-04-30 2012-04-04 华为技术有限公司 一种实现统一存储中管理媒体内容的方法和消息系统
CN104182431A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-03 英业达科技有限公司 媒体检索方法
CN104834692A (zh) * 2015-04-24 2015-08-12 天益成（天津）企业管理咨询有限公司 一种在线信息咨询系统

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