JP2005317546A - 燃料電池用膜−電極アセンブリー及びこれを含む燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池用膜−電極アセンブリー及びこれを含む燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940062097 nitrogen 90 % Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002845 Pt–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PSYMFGLEOUDCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co+2].[V+5] Chemical compound [Co+2].[V+5] PSYMFGLEOUDCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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Abstract
【解決手段】 高分子電解質膜の両側に配置された触媒層を含み、触媒層は白金合金触媒を含み、合金触媒はX線(CuKα)による回折測定時に、回折角2θが30度から35度の範囲内で所定強度の110面回折ピークを示す燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー及びこれを含む燃料電池システムに関する。合金触媒は、製造費用が少ないながらも、反応性が優れており、触媒の結晶格子構造が緻密で安定性が優れた長所がある。
【選択図】 図4
Description
カソード:O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O
アノード:H2 → 2H+ + 2e-
全体:2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
-X線回折測定装備:株式会社リガクのXRDCN2115
-フィルター:ニッケル(Ni)フィルター
-X線:CuKα線
-スキャン速度:5度/分(2θ)
-作動電圧、電流:40KV、30mA
ジョンソンマッセイ社(Johnson Matthey Co.)の商業用白金/炭素(Pt/C)触媒(白金含量10重量%)をFeCl2の1M(但し、Mは体積モル濃度を表す)水溶液に混合して分散させた。
比較例1によって製造された燃料電池用触媒を、水素と窒素の混合ガス(水素10体積%、窒素90体積%)存在下で、700℃で2.5時間熱処理して燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を900℃としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を1100℃としたことを除いて、実施例1と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
前記ジョンソンマッセイ社の商業用白金/炭素(Pt/C)触媒(白金含量10重量%)をCr(NO3)3・9H2OとNiCl2の1Mの混合水溶液に混合して分散させた。この時、白金/炭素(Pt/C)触媒とCr(NO3)3・9H2O及びNiCl2の含量は、白金:クロム:ニッケルのモル比を基準に2:1:1になるようにした。
比較例2によって製造された燃料電池用触媒を水素と窒素の混合ガス(水素10体積%、窒素90体積%)存在下、700℃で2.5時間熱処理して燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を900℃としたことを除いて、実施例4と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を1100℃としたことを除いて、実施例4と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
前記ジョンソンマッセイ社の商業用白金/炭素(Pt/C)触媒(白金含量10重量%)を水素と窒素の混合ガス(水素10体積%、窒素90体積%)存在下、800℃で2.5時間熱処理して、燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
前記ジョンソンマッセイ社の商業用白金/炭素(Pt/C)触媒(白金含量10重量%)をNiCl2の1M水溶液に混合して分散させた。
比較例4によって製造された燃料電池用触媒を水素と窒素の混合ガス(水素10体積%、窒素90体積%)存在下、700℃で2.5時間熱処理して、燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を900℃としたことを除いて、比較例5と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
熱処理温度を1100℃としたことを除いて、比較例5と同様な方法で燃料電池用触媒を製造した。
-X線回折測定装備:(株)リガクのXRD CN2115
-フィルター:ニッケル(Ni)フィルター
-X線:CuKα線
-スキャン速度:5度/分(2θ)
-作動電圧、電流:40KV、30mA
本発明の合金触媒は製造費用を低減しながらも、反応性が優れており、触媒の結晶格子構造が緻密で安定性が優れた長所がある。
110 燃料供給部
120 改質部
130 スタック
131 単位セル
132 膜―電極アセンブリー
133 セパレータ
133a1 第1供給管
133a2 第2供給管
133a3 第1排出管
133a4 第2排出管
140 空気供給部
Claims (19)
- 高分子電解質膜の両側に配置された触媒層を含み、前記触媒層は白金合金触媒を含み、前記合金触媒はX線(CuKα)による回折測定時に、回折角2θが30度から35度の範囲内で110面の回折ピークを示すことを特徴とする燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- X線(CuKα)回折パターンで、前記燃料電池用触媒の110面の回折ピークの強度I(110)と111面の回折ピークの強度I(111)の比率であるI(110)/I(111)の値が、0.05以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 前記I(110)/I(111)の値が、0.08乃至0.21であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 前記白金と金属の含量比は、モル比で40:60乃至60:40であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 前記白金合金中の添加金属は、鉄、クロム、クロム−ニッケル及びコバルトからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 前記白金合金触媒は、平均粒子の大きさが3乃至15nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 前記白金合金触媒が、カソードの触媒層に存在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用膜-電極アセンブリー。
- 燃料電池用白金含有物質と、添加金属含有物質とを混合して混合物を製造する段階、
前記混合物を乾燥する段階、及び
前記乾燥された混合物を熱処理する段階
を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。 - 前記白金含有物質と、添加金属含有物質とを、白金と添加金属とのモル比を40:60乃至60:40として混合することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記白金含有物質は、炭素に担持された白金、アルミナに担持された白金、及びシリカに担持された白金からなる群より選択される1種以上の物質であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記添加金属含有物質は、鉄、クロム、ニッケルまたはコバルトを含む金属ハロゲン化合物、硝酸塩、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、及びアミン類から選択される1種以上の物質であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記添加金属含有物質は、アルコール、水、またはアルコールと水の混合物に溶解された溶液状態であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記溶液に溶解された前記添加金属含有物質の濃度が、0.1乃至1M(但し、Mは体積モル濃度を表す)であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、還元性または不活性の雰囲気で、500℃以上の温度で実施することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理温度は、700乃至1500℃であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理温度は、700乃至1100℃であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記還元性または不活性の雰囲気は、水素ガス、窒素ガス、または水素と窒素の混合ガス雰囲気であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理工程後に、徐々に冷却する工程を追加的に実施することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 電解質膜、
前記高分子電解質膜の両側に位置し、触媒層で被覆されたカソードとアノードを含む膜-電極アセンブリー、及び
前記膜-電極アセンブリーの一方の面に密着配置されるセパレータ、
を含んで成る少なくとも一つ以上の単位セル、
前記単位セルに水素を含有した燃料を供給する燃料供給源、及び
前記単位セルに酸素を供給する酸素供給源を含み、
前記触媒層は白金合金触媒を含み、前記白金合金触媒はX線(CuKα)による回折測定時に、回折角2θが30度から35度の範囲内で110面の回折ピークを示す燃料電池システム。
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WO2019177060A1 (ja) | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 株式会社キャタラー | 燃料電池用電極触媒及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
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US9105936B2 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2015-08-11 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell catalyst, method of preparing same, and membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell system including same |
KR20170044146A (ko) | 2014-10-24 | 2017-04-24 | 가부시키가이샤 캬타라 | 연료 전지용 전극 촉매 및 그 제조 방법 |
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DE102018206378A1 (de) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-10-31 | Cataler Corporation | Elektrodenkatalysator für Brennstoffzellen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
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JP7113422B2 (ja) | 2018-03-05 | 2022-08-05 | 地方独立行政法人神奈川県立産業技術総合研究所 | ナノ粒子連結触媒の製造方法 |
WO2019177060A1 (ja) | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 株式会社キャタラー | 燃料電池用電極触媒及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
US11949113B2 (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2024-04-02 | Cataler Corporation | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell, and fuel cell using same |
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US20050238936A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
KR20050103648A (ko) | 2005-11-01 |
US7629072B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
CN1694288A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
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