JP2003507291A - 炭化水素を水蒸気改質するための方法及び触媒構造体 - Google Patents
炭化水素を水蒸気改質するための方法及び触媒構造体Info
- Publication number
- JP2003507291A JP2003507291A JP2001516845A JP2001516845A JP2003507291A JP 2003507291 A JP2003507291 A JP 2003507291A JP 2001516845 A JP2001516845 A JP 2001516845A JP 2001516845 A JP2001516845 A JP 2001516845A JP 2003507291 A JP2003507291 A JP 2003507291A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- supported catalyst
- steam
- less
- steam reforming
- spinel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 branched isomers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/005—Spinels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
- B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
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- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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Abstract
Description
成)、メタノール合成及び水素製造用原料を製造するために通常用いられる。水
蒸気改質は、水蒸気と炭化水素との混合物を、アルミナ担体とその上に触媒金属
とを有する担持触媒に流し、約600℃ 〜 約1000℃の温度で反応させ、少
なくとも1種類の生成物を生成させることによって、商業的に行われる。研究は
、スピネル担体上触媒金属を用いて行った。滞留時間は、典型的には秒のオーダ
ーであり、水蒸気の炭素に対する割合は約2.5超である。水蒸気の炭素に対す
る割合が2.5未満であると、触媒活性は、一般的に、コークス生成が原因で、
数時間から数日後に劣化するので、担持触媒は、再生させるか又は交換しなけれ
ばならない。
超)を用いることによって低下させた。しかしながら、過剰の水蒸気は、過剰の
熱エネルギーを要するので、システム圧力が大きく低下する。水蒸気を少なくす
ると、炭化水素(1種又は複数種)から生じるコークスが原因となって、触媒活
性の劣化が早まる。
性を維持する、炭化水素を水蒸気改質する方法に関するニーズがある。 発明の概要 本発明は、炭化水素を水蒸気改質する既存の方法に関する改良を提供する。前
記改良は:流れが、約0.1秒未満の滞留時間を提供し、その結果として、より
長い滞留時間における生成物生成に比べて、同じか又はより大きい生成物生成収
率又は生成物生成量が得られる速度を有する、ことを含む。本発明のもう一つの
改良は、実質的に化学量論比である水蒸気対炭素の割合で運転して、担持触媒の
活性を維持する点である。
造は、 (a)第一細孔表面領域と、少なくとも約0.1μmの第一細孔サイズとを有
する第一多孔質構造; (b)第二細孔表面領域と、該第一細孔サイズ未満の第二細孔サイズとを有す
るスピネルである多孔質界面層、該多孔質界面層は、該第一細孔表面領域上に配
置されていて、4mm未満の厚さを有する; (c)該第二細孔表面領域上に配置されたロジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、
パラジウム、白金、VIb族のカーバイド、及びそれらの組合わせから成る群よ
り選択される水蒸気改質触媒 を含む。
明の目的である。 また、スピネルの多孔質界面層を有する触媒構造を提供することは本発明の目
的である。
る。しかしながら、それらの更なる利点と目的と共に、運転の機構及び方法の双
方は、同じ参照記号は同じ要素を指している添付の図面に関する以下の説明によ
って最も良く理解されるかもしれない。
る担持触媒に流す工程を有する炭化水素を水蒸気改質するための方法を含む。前
記混合物は、約600℃ 〜 約1000℃の温度で反応させ、少なくとも1種類
の生成物を生成させる。本発明の改良は、スピネル担体を用いること、約0.1
秒未満の滞留時間を提供する速度で混合物を流すこと、及びより長い滞留時間に
おいて得られる生成物生成に比べて、同じか又はより大きい生成物生成が得られ
ることである。
的に化学量論比であるとき、劣化する。約0.1秒未満の滞留時間を提供する速
度で混合物を流すことによって実現される本発明の別の改良は、水蒸気の炭素に
対する割合が実質的に化学量論比であっても、コークス化によって劣化させずに
、スピネル担持触媒の活性を6時間を超えて維持することである。水蒸気の炭素
含量に対する割合の実質的な化学量論比は、約0.9超、且つ約2.5未満、好
ましくは約0.98 〜 約2である。
あっても良い。 炭化水素としては、酸素化物(oxygenates)、アルカン、アルケン、アルキン
、枝分れの異性体、芳香族炭化水素、飽和及び不飽和炭化水素、及び例えばガソ
リン、灯油、ディーゼル、JP−8のような燃料を含む前記炭化水素の組合わせ
が挙げられる。
化層と酸化ロジウム(Rh2O3)とを有するガンマ・アルミナ(γ−Al2O3)
担体のスピネルであった。おおよその組成は、Rh2O3が約15重量%、MgO
が約5重量%、及びγ−Al2O3が約80重量%であった。担持触媒は、(1)
高表面積γ−Al2O3を500℃で5時間焼成し;(2)硝酸マグネシウム溶液
によるインシピエントウェットネス法を用いてMgOでγ−Al2O3を含浸し;
MgO改質γ−Al2O3担体を作製し;(3)その改質担体を、110℃で4時
間乾燥させ、続いて(4)900℃で2時間、第二焼成し;(5)その改質担体
を、硝酸ロジウム溶液を用いるインシピエントウェットネス法によりRh2O3で
含浸し;(6)110℃で4時間、最終乾燥させ、(7)500℃で3時間、最
終焼成して担持触媒の粉末を得ることによって調製した。
作った。担持触媒の粉末約0.2gを、充填ベッド配列で、マイクロリアクター
中に配置した。
、測定の不確かさの範囲内の化学量論比である。反応体は、650℃ 〜 900
℃の温度で反応器中に流した。
すると、転化率は約52%から95%となり、選択率は22%から70%となる
。
示してある。担持触媒の劣化は観察されなかった。試験後の電子顕微鏡による検
査では、コークスの堆積は認められず、BET測定では、表面積の有意な損失は
検出されなかった。
、本発明から逸脱せずに、多くの変更及び改良を成し得ることは、当業者には明
らかである。而して、添付の請求の範囲は、発明の真の精神及び範囲内にあるす
べてのそのような変更及び改良に及ぶことが意図されている。
Claims (9)
- 【請求項1】 水蒸気と炭化水素との混合物を、担体とその上に触媒金属と
を有する担持触媒に流す工程、及び該混合物を、約600℃ 〜 約1000℃の
温度で反応させて少なくとも1種類の生成物を生成させる工程を有する炭化水素
を水蒸気改質する方法であって;以下の改良:すなわち 該担体が、スピネル担体であり;及び 該流れが、約0.1秒未満の滞留時間を提供し、且つより長い滞留時間におけ
る生成と比較して同じか又はより多い生成が得られる速度を有すること を含む前記方法。 - 【請求項2】 該混合物における水蒸気の炭素に対する割合が2.5未満で
あり、該改良が、該担持触媒の活性を6時間を超えて維持する請求項1記載の方
法。 - 【請求項3】 該スピネル担体が、該担持触媒の酸性度を制御する請求項1
記載の方法。 - 【請求項4】 実質的に化学量論比である水蒸気の炭素に対する割合を有す
る水蒸気と炭化水素との混合物を、担体とその上に触媒金属とを有する担持触媒
に流す工程、及び該混合物を、約600℃ 〜 約1000℃の温度で反応させて
、少なくとも1種類の生成物を生成させ、該担持触媒の触媒活性を劣化させる工
程を有する炭化水素を水蒸気改質する方法であって;以下の改良:すなわち 該担体が、スピネル担体であり;及び 該流れが、約0.1秒未満の滞留時間を提供し、且つ該水蒸気の炭素に対する
割合を2.5未満にして該担持触媒の活性を維持する速度を有すること を含む前記方法。 - 【請求項5】 該担体が、該担持触媒の酸性度を制御するスピネルである請
求項4記載の方法。 - 【請求項6】 該水蒸気の炭素に対する割合が、約0.9を超え、且つ約2
.5未満である請求項4記載の方法。 - 【請求項7】 該担持触媒が、多孔質担体上にある請求項4記載の方法。
- 【請求項8】 (a)第一細孔表面領域と、少なくとも約0.1μmの第一
細孔サイズとを有する第一多孔質構造; (b)該第一細孔表面領域上にある緩衝層; (c)第二細孔表面領域と、該第一細孔サイズ未満の第二細孔サイズとを有す
るスピネルである多孔質界面層、該多孔質界面層は、該緩衝層の上に配置されて
いて、4mm未満の厚さを有する; (d)該第二細孔表面領域の上に配置されたロジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル
、パラジウム、白金、IVb族のカーバイド、及びそれらの組合わせから成る群
より選択される水蒸気改質触媒 を含む、炭化水素を水蒸気改質するための触媒構造。 - 【請求項9】 該カーバイドを、炭化タングステン、炭化モリブデン及びそ
れらの組合せから成る群より選択する請求項8記載の触媒構造。
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US09/375,615 | 1999-08-17 | ||
US09/375,615 US6284217B1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 1999-08-17 | Method and catalyst structure for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon |
PCT/US2000/022421 WO2001012540A1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2000-08-15 | A method and catalyst structure for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon |
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JP2011148419A Division JP5584175B2 (ja) | 1999-08-17 | 2011-07-04 | 水蒸気改質触媒構造体及び水蒸気改質触媒 |
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JP2011148419A Expired - Fee Related JP5584175B2 (ja) | 1999-08-17 | 2011-07-04 | 水蒸気改質触媒構造体及び水蒸気改質触媒 |
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US (2) | US6284217B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1204587B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4812993B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100835799B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU779528B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2380869C (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX225718B (es) | 2005-01-21 |
US20020006970A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
WO2001012540A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
EP1204587B1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
MXPA02001642A (es) | 2002-08-06 |
US6734137B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
CA2380869C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
NO20020419D0 (no) | 2002-01-28 |
KR100835799B1 (ko) | 2008-06-09 |
AU779528B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
EP1204587A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
US6284217B1 (en) | 2001-09-04 |
AU6643400A (en) | 2001-03-13 |
NO20020419L (no) | 2002-04-09 |
JP2011235286A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
KR20020047120A (ko) | 2002-06-21 |
JP4812993B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
CA2380869A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
JP5584175B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
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