JP2002504009A - 水素化処理用の触媒とその利用法 - Google Patents
水素化処理用の触媒とその利用法Info
- Publication number
- JP2002504009A JP2002504009A JP51047095A JP51047095A JP2002504009A JP 2002504009 A JP2002504009 A JP 2002504009A JP 51047095 A JP51047095 A JP 51047095A JP 51047095 A JP51047095 A JP 51047095A JP 2002504009 A JP2002504009 A JP 2002504009A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- nickel
- component
- molybdenum
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. ニッケル、モリブデンおよび燐成分と多孔性耐火性酸化物を含んでおり、該 モリブデン成分および該燐成分は表層が埋め込まれたニッケル成分と該多孔性耐 火性酸化物によって構成された担体上にあり、さらに、該触媒が240cm-1〜250cm-1 の領域と、595cm-1〜605cm-1の領域のラマンスペタトルバンドによって特徴づ けられる触媒。 2. 該多孔性耐火性酸化物がアルミナであることを特徴とする請求項1の触媒。 3. ニッケル成分で構成される該担体が500°F〜1100°Fの温度で焼成されるこ とを特徴とする請求項1の触媒。 4. 該触媒は一酸化物で計算して4重量%以上のニッケルを含んでいることを特 徴とする請求項1の触媒。 5. 該触媒が三酸化物で計算して17〜40重量%の範囲のモリブデンを含んでいる ことを特徴とする請求項1の触媒。 6. 上記MoO3/NiOの重量比が6:1以上であることを特徴とする請求項1 の触媒。 7. 該触媒が水銀多孔度計で測定した場合、狭い孔サイズ分布を有しており、総 孔体積の少なくとも75%が直径50オングストローム〜130オングストロームの孔 によって構成され、総孔体積の20%以下が115オングストローム以上の孔によっ て構成されることを特徴とする請求項1の触媒。 8. 該燐成分がPで計算して0.5〜15重量%の燐成分を含んでいることを特徴と する請求項1の触媒。 9. ニッケル、モリブデンおよび燐成分と多孔性耐火性酸化物を含んだ触媒の存 在下で、水素処理の条件下で炭化水素含有原料を水素化脱硫および水素化脱硝す るプロセスにおいて、該モリブデン成分の表層が埋め込まれたニッケルと該多孔 性耐火性酸化物で構成された担体上にあり、該触媒が240cm-1〜250cm-1の領域と 、595cm-1〜605cm-1の領域のラマンスペクトルバンドによって特徴づけられるプ ロセス。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/130,109 | 1993-09-30 | ||
US08/130,109 US5389595A (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1993-09-30 | Hydroprocessing catalyst, its use, and method of preparation |
US08/313,723 US5686375A (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-09-27 | Hydroprocessing catalyst and its use |
US08/313,723 | 1994-09-27 | ||
PCT/US1994/011095 WO1995009049A2 (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-09-29 | Hydroprocessing catalyst and its use |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2002504009A true JP2002504009A (ja) | 2002-02-05 |
JP3821483B2 JP3821483B2 (ja) | 2006-09-13 |
Family
ID=26828181
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51047095A Expired - Lifetime JP3821483B2 (ja) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-09-29 | 水素化処理用の触媒とその利用法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5906731A (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3821483B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1074687C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2170625A1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO961265D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995009049A2 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005193209A (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corp | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
WO2005065823A1 (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
JP2006035052A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Nippon Oil Corp | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
JP2006527657A (ja) * | 2003-06-16 | 2006-12-07 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィン含有流中に含有されているジオレフィンの選択的水素化のための及びこれからのヒ素の除去のための方法及び触媒並びにこのような触媒の製造方法 |
JP2014532553A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2014-12-08 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 重質炭化水素原料を処理するための自己活性化水素化触媒および方法 |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4174079B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-24 | 2008-10-29 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 2相水素化処理 |
US7569136B2 (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2009-08-04 | Ackerson Michael D | Control system method and apparatus for two phase hydroprocessing |
US7291257B2 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2007-11-06 | Process Dynamics, Inc. | Two phase hydroprocessing |
JP2000000470A (ja) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-01-07 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 水素化処理触媒及び重質油の水素化処理方法 |
KR20010040660A (ko) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-05-15 | 노미야마 아키히콰 | 수소화 정제용 촉매 및 그 제조방법 |
DE60020292T2 (de) * | 1999-04-08 | 2006-05-04 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Verfahren zur Sulfidierung eines organischen Stickstoff und Carbonyl enthaltenden Hydrobehandlungskatalysators |
US6841512B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2005-01-11 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Finely divided metal catalyst and method for making same |
CN1093434C (zh) * | 1999-09-17 | 2002-10-30 | 厦门大学 | 细菌还原法制备负载型金催化剂 |
JP4638610B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-05 | 2011-02-23 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 水素化処理用触媒並びに水素化処理方法 |
US6759364B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-07-06 | Shell Oil Company | Arsenic removal catalyst and method for making same |
AU2003264349A1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-19 | Japan Energy Corporation | Method for producing hydrofining catalyst |
US7745369B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-06-29 | Shell Oil Company | Method and catalyst for producing a crude product with minimal hydrogen uptake |
US7837863B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-11-23 | Shell Oil Company | Systems, methods, and catalysts for producing a crude product |
US20070000808A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-01-04 | Bhan Opinder K | Method and catalyst for producing a crude product having selected properties |
JP2008545812A (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-12-18 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィン含有炭化水素原料の選択的水添脱硫のための方法 |
MXPA05012893A (es) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-11-23 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Catalizador para la hidrodesulfuracion de residuos y crudos pesados. |
GB201000045D0 (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2010-02-17 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst and method of catalyst manufacture |
US9140651B2 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2015-09-22 | Mannkind Corporation | Determining percent solids in suspension using raman spectroscopy |
WO2012100068A2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-26 | Process Dynamics, Inc. | Process for hydroprocessing of non-petroleum feestocks |
EP3166723A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2017-05-17 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A hydroprocessing catalyst for treating a hydrocarbon feed having an arsenic concentration and a method of making and using such catalyst |
EP3302790A4 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-01-16 | Advanced Refining Technologies, LLC | HYDRAULIC CATALYST WITH HIGH HDN SELECTIVITY |
CN105772004A (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种苯加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
US10023813B2 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2018-07-17 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Process for selective deep hydrodesulfurization of a hydrocarbon feedstock using an unsupported nanocatalyst made by laser pyrolysis |
US9919293B1 (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-03-20 | Kuwait Institute For Scientific Research | Catalyst for mild-hydrocracking of residual oil |
FR3075072B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-14 | 2021-11-26 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur d'hydrodesulfuration selective des essences de fcc |
Family Cites Families (21)
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US2983691A (en) * | 1957-02-04 | 1961-05-09 | Union Oil Co | Preparation of supported metal molybdate catalysts |
US3285860A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1966-11-15 | Union Oil Co | Method of preparing nickel-molyb-denum-alumina catalysts |
US3770618A (en) * | 1967-06-26 | 1973-11-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrodesulfurization of residua |
US3617528A (en) * | 1969-10-16 | 1971-11-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Hydrotreating process and catalyst |
US3751380A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1973-08-07 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Method of preparing a catalyst |
US3853788A (en) * | 1973-02-06 | 1974-12-10 | American Cyanamid Co | Process for hydrotreating catalyst and product thereby |
US4013547A (en) * | 1976-01-22 | 1977-03-22 | Union Oil Company Of California | Desulfurization of residual petroleum oils with a catalyst calcined at higher temperatures |
GB2055599B (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1983-04-07 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Alumina-supported hydrotreatment catalysts |
US4434048A (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1984-02-28 | The Lummus Company | Hydrotreating catalyst and use thereof |
US4317746A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1982-03-02 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydrotreating catalysts |
NL8201696A (nl) * | 1982-04-23 | 1983-11-16 | Unilever Nv | Werkwijze ter bereiding van methaneringskatalysatoren. |
US4818743A (en) * | 1983-04-07 | 1989-04-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Desulfurization catalyst and the catalyst prepared by a method |
US4520128A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1985-05-28 | Intevep, S.A. | Catalyst having high metal retention capacity and good stability for use in the demetallization of heavy crudes and method of preparation of same |
US4579649A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1986-04-01 | Intevep, S.A. | Process for demetallization of heavy crudes using a catalyst having high metal retention capacity and good stability |
US4738944A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1988-04-19 | Union Oil Company Of California | Ni-P-Mo catalyst and hydroprocessing use thereof |
US4846961A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1989-07-11 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydroprocessing catalyst with a Ni-P-Mo |
US4729980A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-03-08 | Intevep, S.A. | Catalyst for the simultaneous hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks and process for preparing the catalyst |
US4969990A (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1990-11-13 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydroprocessing with a catalyst having a narrow pore size distribution |
US5290429A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1994-03-01 | Union Oil Company Of California | Catalytic aromatic saturation in the presence of halide |
US5135902A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-08-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Nickel-tungsten-phosphorus catalyst |
US5403806A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-04-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Phosphorous-containing hydroprocessing catalyst and method of preparation |
-
1994
- 1994-09-29 JP JP51047095A patent/JP3821483B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-29 CA CA002170625A patent/CA2170625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-29 WO PCT/US1994/011095 patent/WO1995009049A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-09-29 CN CN94193604A patent/CN1074687C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-03-28 NO NO961265A patent/NO961265D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1997
- 1997-07-28 US US08/901,354 patent/US5906731A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006527657A (ja) * | 2003-06-16 | 2006-12-07 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィン含有流中に含有されているジオレフィンの選択的水素化のための及びこれからのヒ素の除去のための方法及び触媒並びにこのような触媒の製造方法 |
JP4704334B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-16 | 2011-06-15 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィン含有流中に含有されているジオレフィンの選択的水素化のための及びこれからのヒ素の除去のための方法及び触媒並びにこのような触媒の製造方法 |
JP2005193209A (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corp | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
WO2005065823A1 (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
EP1702682A4 (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2009-06-10 | Nippon Oil Corp | HYDROGENATION AND DESULFURIZATION CATALYST FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AND HYDROGENATION AND DESULFURATION METHOD USING THE CATALYST |
JP2006035052A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Nippon Oil Corp | 石油系炭化水素の水素化脱硫触媒および水素化脱硫方法 |
JP2014532553A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2014-12-08 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 重質炭化水素原料を処理するための自己活性化水素化触媒および方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO961265L (no) | 1996-03-28 |
WO1995009049A2 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
CN1132482A (zh) | 1996-10-02 |
CA2170625A1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
JP3821483B2 (ja) | 2006-09-13 |
WO1995009049A3 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
NO961265D0 (no) | 1996-03-28 |
US5906731A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
CN1074687C (zh) | 2001-11-14 |
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