JP2001501379A - パーティクル制御方法及びプラズマ処理チャンバー - Google Patents
パーティクル制御方法及びプラズマ処理チャンバーInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001501379A JP2001501379A JP10516558A JP51655898A JP2001501379A JP 2001501379 A JP2001501379 A JP 2001501379A JP 10516558 A JP10516558 A JP 10516558A JP 51655898 A JP51655898 A JP 51655898A JP 2001501379 A JP2001501379 A JP 2001501379A
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- plasma
- distribution plate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005380 borophosphosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940081330 tena Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32458—Vessel
- H01J37/32477—Vessel characterised by the means for protecting vessels or internal parts, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/022—Avoiding or removing foreign or contaminating particles, debris or deposits on sample or tube
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.基板を処理すると共に該基板のパーティクル汚染を低減する方法であって、 (a)窒化シリコンをベースとする材料を含んで構成され、基板の近くに露出 した面を有する部材を含む処理チャンバー内の基板ホルダー上に基板を載置する 工程と、 (b)処理チャンバーに処理ガスを供給し、該処理チャンバー内で処理ガスに エネルギーを与えてプラズマ状態にすることによって前記基板を処理する工程と 、 (c)前記処理チャンバーから前記基板を取り出す工程と、 (d)前記窒化シリコン部材の上に無欠のパッシベイティング層を形成するこ と、及び/又は、前記窒化シリコン部材のプラズマによって攻撃される部分から パーティクルを発生させずに該部分を揮発させることによって、処理の際の基板 のパーティクル汚染を最少にしながら、前記処理チャンバーの中で(a)〜(c )工程を繰り返すことによって連続的に他の基板を処理する工程とを含むことを 特徴とする方法。 2.前記部材は、ガス分配プレートを備え、前記処理チャンバーは、実質的に平 板的なアンテナを備え、前記アンテナは、RFパワーが供給されることにより前 記処理ガスにエネルギーを与えてプラズマ状態にし、前記処理ガスは、1つ又は それ以上のハイドロフルオロカーボンガスを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記 載の方法。 3.前記プラズマは、高密度プラズマを含み、前記基板は、該基板にRFバイア スを供給しながら前記高密度プラズマで該基板上の酸化物層をエッチングする処 理が施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 4.前記部材は、前記処理チャンバーの側壁を構成するライナーを備え、前記処 理ガスを前記処理チャンバーに供給するガス分配プレート、 又は、前記基板を取り囲むフォーカス・リングを備えることを特徴とする請求項 1に記載の方法。 5.前記処理チャンバーは、誘電体の窓を備え、前記部材は、第1及び第2の対 向した面、前記第1の面を通って延びるガス排出口及び前記第2の面内の複数の ガス分配チャネルを備え、前記第2の面は、前記誘電体の窓と接触しており、前 記ガス分配チャンネルは、前記ガス排出口に前記処理ガスを供給することを特徴 とする請求項1に記載の方法。 6.前記部材が、実質的に、加熱プレス及び焼結されたSi3N4からなることを 特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 7.プラズマ処理チャンバーであって、 前記処理チャンバーの内部で基板を支持するための基板ホルダーと、 窒化シリコン材料を含んで構成され、前記基板の近くに露出面を有する部材と 、 前記処理チャンバーの内部に処理ガスを供給するガス供給部と、 前記基板を処理するために、前記処理チャンバーの内部にエネルギーを供給し 、前記処理ガスにエネルギーを与えてプラズマ状態にするエネルギー源とを備え 、 前記部材は、前記窒化シリコン部材の上に無欠のパッシベイティング層を形成 すること、及び/又は、前記窒化シリコン部材のプラズマによって攻撃される部 分からパーティクルを発生させずに該部分を揮発させることによって、前記プラ ズマによる前記基板の処理の際の前記基板のパーティクル汚染を最少にすること を特徴とするプラズマ処理チャンバー。 8.前記部材は、ガス分配プレートを備え、前記プラズマ処理チャンバーは、前 記ガス分配プレートの近くに誘電体の窓を更に備える請求項7に記載のプラズマ 処理チャンバー。 9.誘電体の窓を更に備え、前記エネルギー源は、前記窓の近くに実質的に平板 的なアンテナの形状を有するRFエネルギー源を含み、前 記アンテナは、前記窓を通してRFエネルギーを供給して、前記処理チャンバー 中の処理ガスをプラズマ状態にすることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプラズマ 処理チャンバー。 10.前記部材は、ガス分配プレート、フォーカス・リング及び/又はチャンバ ー・ライナーを備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のラズマ処理チャンバー 。 11.前記部材は、前記処理ガスを前記処理チャンバーの内部に供給するガス排 出口を有するガス分配プレートを備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプラ ズマ処理チャンバー。 12.前記誘電体の窓は、実質的な均一の厚みと実質的に平板状の形状を有する ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のプラズマ処理チャンバー。 13.前記部材は、実質的に均一な厚みと実質的に平板状の形状を有するガス分 配プレートを備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプラズマ処理チャンバー 。 14.前記部材は、一方の側に、放射状に延びた複数のチャネルを有し、その反 対側に、複数のガス排出口を有するガス分配プレートを備え、前記チャネルは、 前記ガス排出口に前記処理ガスを供給することを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプ ラズマ処理チャンバー。 15.前記部材は、実質的に、加熱プレス及び焼結されたSi3N4からなること を特徴とする請求項7に記載のプラズマ処理装置。 16.プラズマ処理チャンバーに適用されるガス分配プレートであって、前記プ ラズマ処理チャンバーは、誘電体の窓と、前記窓の外のRFアンテナと、前記R Fアンテナによって処理チャンバーの内部でエネルギーを与えられてプラズマ状 態にされる処理ガスを供給するためのガス供給部と、処理チャンバーの内部で基 板を支持するための基板ホルダーとを備え、前記ガス分配プレートは、 前記誘電体の窓に対向する第1の面と、基板に対向する第2の面を備え、前記 第2の面は、前記処理チャンバーの内部に処理ガスを供給 するためのガス排出口を含み、 前記ガス分配プレートは、窒化シリコンをベースとする材料を含んで構成され 、前記窒化シリコンをベースとする材料の上に無欠のパッシベイティング層を形 成すること、及び/又は、前記窒化シリコン部材のプラズマによって攻撃される 部分からパーティクルを発生させずに該部分を揮発させることによって、基板の 処理の際の該基板のパーティクル汚染を最少にするために効果的であることを特 徴とするガス分配プレート。 17.前記窒化シリコンをベースとする材料は、少なくとも95wt%の窒化シ リコンを含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の前記ガス分配プレート。 18.実質的に均一な厚みと実質的に平板的な形状を有することを特徴とする請 求項16に記載のガス分配プレート。 19.前記第1の面の上に、半径方向に延びる複数のチャネルを備え、前記チャ ネルは、前記ガス排出口に処理ガスを供給することを特徴とする請求項16に記 載の前記ガス分配プレート。 20.全体が実質的に加熱プレス及び焼結されたSi3N4からなることを特徴と する請求項16に記載のガス分配プレート。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/722,371 | 1996-09-30 | ||
US08/722,371 US5993594A (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1996-09-30 | Particle controlling method and apparatus for a plasma processing chamber |
PCT/US1997/016133 WO1998014980A1 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1997-09-17 | Particle controlling method and plasma processing chamber |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008111896A Division JP4891287B2 (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 2008-04-22 | プラズマ処理チャンバー、チャンバー要素及びその製造方法 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2001501379A true JP2001501379A (ja) | 2001-01-30 |
JP2001501379A5 JP2001501379A5 (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
JP4263245B2 JP4263245B2 (ja) | 2009-05-13 |
Family
ID=24901571
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51655898A Expired - Fee Related JP4263245B2 (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 1997-09-17 | パーティクル制御方法及びプラズマ処理チャンバー |
JP2008111896A Expired - Fee Related JP4891287B2 (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 2008-04-22 | プラズマ処理チャンバー、チャンバー要素及びその製造方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008111896A Expired - Fee Related JP4891287B2 (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 2008-04-22 | プラズマ処理チャンバー、チャンバー要素及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5993594A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0938740B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4263245B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100665649B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE416474T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69739145D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998014980A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003510810A (ja) * | 1999-09-23 | 2003-03-18 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | タイル張りセラミックライナを有する半導体処理装置 |
KR20100099137A (ko) * | 2007-10-31 | 2010-09-10 | 램 리써치 코포레이션 | 고수명의 소모성 실리콘 질화물-실리콘 이산화물 플라즈마 프로세싱 콤포넌트 |
JP2013093264A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマ処理装置及び方法 |
JP2014523635A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-09-11 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | 誘導結合プラズマエッチングリアクタのためのガス分配シャワーヘッド |
JP2021068694A (ja) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社イー・エム・ディー | プラズマ源 |
Families Citing this family (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010049196A1 (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 2001-12-06 | Roger Patrick | Apparatus for improving etch uniformity and methods therefor |
US6120660A (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2000-09-19 | Silicon Genesis Corporation | Removable liner design for plasma immersion ion implantation |
US6129808A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Lam Research Corporation | Low contamination high density plasma etch chambers and methods for making the same |
US6123791A (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-09-26 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Ceramic composition for an apparatus and method for processing a substrate |
US6074953A (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-06-13 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Dual-source plasma etchers, dual-source plasma etching methods, and methods of forming planar coil dual-source plasma etchers |
US6491042B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-12-10 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Post etching treatment process for high density oxide etcher |
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JP4741129B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-23 | 2011-08-03 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | タイル張りセラミックライナを有する半導体処理装置および処理方法 |
KR20100099137A (ko) * | 2007-10-31 | 2010-09-10 | 램 리써치 코포레이션 | 고수명의 소모성 실리콘 질화물-실리콘 이산화물 플라즈마 프로세싱 콤포넌트 |
JP2011503845A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-01-27 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | 窒化シリコン−二酸化シリコン高寿命消耗プラズマ処理構成部品 |
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JP2014523635A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-09-11 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | 誘導結合プラズマエッチングリアクタのためのガス分配シャワーヘッド |
JP2013093264A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマ処理装置及び方法 |
JP2021068694A (ja) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社イー・エム・ディー | プラズマ源 |
JP7426709B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 | 2024-02-02 | 株式会社イー・エム・ディー | プラズマ源 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2008235924A (ja) | 2008-10-02 |
US5993594A (en) | 1999-11-30 |
US6251793B1 (en) | 2001-06-26 |
JP4891287B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 |
JP4263245B2 (ja) | 2009-05-13 |
EP0938740B1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
KR20060029592A (ko) | 2006-04-06 |
EP0938740A1 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
ATE416474T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
KR20000048585A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
KR100665649B1 (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
DE69739145D1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
KR100615067B1 (ko) | 2006-08-22 |
WO1998014980A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
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