ITBZ20010043A1 - Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica. - Google Patents

Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica. Download PDF

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Publication number
ITBZ20010043A1
ITBZ20010043A1 IT2001BZ000043A ITBZ20010043A ITBZ20010043A1 IT BZ20010043 A1 ITBZ20010043 A1 IT BZ20010043A1 IT 2001BZ000043 A IT2001BZ000043 A IT 2001BZ000043A IT BZ20010043 A ITBZ20010043 A IT BZ20010043A IT BZ20010043 A1 ITBZ20010043 A1 IT BZ20010043A1
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IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
generator
generator according
hub
Prior art date
Application number
IT2001BZ000043A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Pabst
Andreas Mair
Matteo Casazza
Original Assignee
High Technology Invest Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by High Technology Invest Bv filed Critical High Technology Invest Bv
Priority to IT2001BZ000043A priority Critical patent/ITBZ20010043A1/it
Priority to AT02760505T priority patent/ATE468653T1/de
Priority to ES02760505T priority patent/ES2346413T3/es
Priority to PCT/IB2002/003741 priority patent/WO2003023943A2/de
Priority to BRPI0211869-6A priority patent/BR0211869B1/pt
Priority to DE50214445T priority patent/DE50214445D1/de
Priority to CNA02817867XA priority patent/CN1554144A/zh
Priority to EP10162892.3A priority patent/EP2230750B1/de
Priority to US10/489,726 priority patent/US7205678B2/en
Priority to EP02760505A priority patent/EP1425840B1/de
Priority to JP2003527872A priority patent/JP2005503098A/ja
Priority to DK02760505.4T priority patent/DK1425840T3/da
Publication of ITBZ20010043A1 publication Critical patent/ITBZ20010043A1/it
Priority to NO20041444A priority patent/NO331377B1/no
Priority to US11/735,249 priority patent/US7385305B2/en
Priority to US11/735,270 priority patent/US7385306B2/en
Priority to US12/150,593 priority patent/US7687932B2/en
Priority to US12/706,760 priority patent/US7893555B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/086—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H02K7/088—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly radially supporting the rotor directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/601—Assembly methods using limited numbers of standard modules which can be adapted by machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Description

Titolo: "Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica"
La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica secondo la parte classificante della rivendicazione 1 .
Sono noti i cosiddetti aerogeneratori multipolari, come dalla domanda internazionale WO 01/29413 Al, in cui un rotore azionato dal vento è associato ad un generatore elettrico girevolmente supportato alla sommità di una torre. Il rotore è fissato all'estremità di un asse che è girevolmente montato su due supporti, i quali a loro volta sono alloggiati all'interno di un corpo cavo che comprende lo statore del generatore elettrico. Il rotore stesso è costituito da una pluralità di razze portanti l'anello, a cui sono fissati gli elettromagneti che nella rotazione del rotore si affacciano agli avvolgimenti sistemati a loro volta all'interno del corpo cavo. Come si può notare nel caso di questa domanda è descritto un generatore elettrico anulare, in cui l'albero del rotore è girevolmente sostenuto da supporti che si estendono a raggiera nel corpo cavo. D'altro canto l'albero dello stesso rotore azionato da vento funge anche da albero del rotore del generatore, essendo dotato di razze radialmente disposte e preposte a supportare l’anello con gli elettromagneti.
Come si può notare in un siffatto generatore non esiste un passaggio continuo fra l'interno della torre e l'interno delle pale che si estendono dal mozzo del rotore. Pertanto è resa difficile la ventilazione interna delle pale ed in particolare una azione antighiaccio delle pale stesse. La costruzione dell 'aerogeneratore del tipo noto è inoltre complicata relativamente al supporto del rotore all'interno del corpo statorico ed è difficile l'accesso al rotore per via del supporto dell'albero stesso.
Nel brevetto tedesco DE 44 02 184 è invece descritto un generatore sincrono multipolare per impianti azionati da forza eolica ad asse orizzontale, in cui il generatore è for mato da un unico gruppo costruttivo, costituito da uno sta tore e da un rotore che sono fra loro collegati tramite un supporto volante entro il generatore, il quale sostiene i moto rotatorio del rotore ed assorbe anche forze e coppi esternamente immesse. Nel caso proposto si configura una struttura del rotore assai complessa, dovendo essa contrap porre le due superfici del rotore e dello statore ad una con siderevole distanza dai cuscinetti a rotolamento del rotore. Lo scopo della presente invenzione è pertanto quello di evi tare gli inconvenienti di aerogeneratori del tipo tradizionale e di proporre un generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica in cui sia garantito la massima possibilità di ventilazione, data da una grande accessibilità ai vari componenti del generatore assicurandone al contempo un'alta rigidezza strutturale.
Questo ed altri scopi vengono raggiunti in un generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica dalla parte caratterizzante della rivendicazione 1.
In una preferita forma di realizzazione il generatore sincrono cavo a magneti permanenti e multiplo presenta avvolgimenti esterni. In questo caso il generatore in presa diretta, sincrono a magneti permanenti e multiplo, prevede un elemento tubolare che funge contemporaneamente da albero per l'alloggiamento dei cuscinetti e da struttura esterna di ancoraggio dei corpi magneti, evitando così le suddette razze fra albero e anello portanti i magneti permanenti.
Il generatore è parte integrante della struttura portante ed i carichi vengono trasmessi direttamente dal mozzo all'albero rotore del generatore che li scarica sul corpo statore attraverso i due cuscinetti posti all'inizio e alla fine della macchina elettrica.
La struttura cava risultante permette l'accesso alla parte anteriore della navicella, facilitando notevolmente le attività di manutenzione e riparazione dei sottosistemi imbarcati. Il sistema permette inoltre di effettuare il montaggio del mozzo dall'interno.
La struttura cava rende inoltre possibile sfruttare il calore, erogato dall'elettronica di potenza alloggiata nella torre e parte di quello sprigionato dal generatore stesso per convogliare aria calda nel mozzo e da qui nelle pale, realizzando così un sistema antighiaccio particolarmente efficiente. Così il riscaldamento delle pale non richiede in esercizio alcun apporto di energia esterna, utilizzando semplicemente il calore ceduto dal generatore stesso e dall’elettronica di potenza.
La struttura cava del generatore, integrata con quella del resto della navicella, permette di alloggiare al suo interno i sottosistemi elettrici ed elettronici, ottenendo così una eccellente protezione da fulmini, basata sul principio della gabbia di Faraday.
In una variante il generatore sincrono cavo a magneti permanenti e multiplo presenta avvolgimenti interni. Rovesciando il concetto della preferita forma di realizzazione è possibile realizzare una macchina che presenta il gruppo statore all'interno e il rotore esterno. I magneti sono montati sulla superficie interna del rotore e gli avvolgimenti sulla superficie esterna dell'albero rotore.
I vantaggi di una simile soluzione sono una maggiore potenza specifica, la possibilità di sfruttare tutto il calore sprigionato dal generatore per il sistema antighiaccio e una semplificazione nel posizionamento dei cavi di potenza necessari alla trasmissione della corrente elettrica dal generatore alla torre.
Ulteriori caratteristiche e dettagli risultano dalle rivendicazioni e dalla descrizione di un generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica in sue preferite forme di realizzazione, rappresentate nei disegni allegati, in cui mostra:
in Figura 1 una vista in sezione lungo un piano verticale assiale di un generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica secondo l'invenzione,
in Figura 2 una sezione come la Figura 1 di una variante. Nella Figura 1 con il numero di riferimento 1 è generalmente indicato un aerogeneratore. Questo è montato tramite un raccordo cavo 2 alla sommità di una torre non ulteriormente rappresentata. L'aerogeneratore 1 è costituito da uno statore 3 e da un rotore 4. Il rotore 4 è collegato in modo noto con un mozzo 5 a cui, nel caso presente, sono collegate tre pale cave, non rappresentate, fissate a flange 6 del mozzo 5. Il rotore 4 è formato da una porzione tubolare nella cui camicia esterna sono incassati magneti permanenti 7 che si affacciano ad avvolgimenti 8 fissati alla superficie interna di una porzione tubolare dello statore 3. In corrispondenza delle estremità della porzione tubolare dello statore 3 sono disposti rispettivamente un cuscinetto a rotolamento 9 e 10 portanti girevolmente la porzione tubolare del rotore 4. Dei due cuscinetti 9 e 10 almeno uno deve essere un cuscinetto a reggi- spinta. Entrambi sono disposti in modo da contenere fra loro i magneti permanenti 7 e gli avvolgimenti. Il mozzo 5 è fissato ad una delle estremità della porzione tubolare del rotore 4 tramite una sua flangia 11 fissata ad uno spallamento anulare 12 della porzione tubolare 4 per mezzo di bulloni 13.
Dal lato rivolto al mozzo 5 la porzione tubolare del rotore 4 presenta un ribasso 14 sulla sua superficie esterna in modo che questa possa ricevere l'anello interno 15 del cuscinetto a rotolamento 9 mentre l'anello esterno 16 dello stesso cuscinetto è libero di scorrere sulla superficie esterna della porzione tubolare dello statore 3. Il cuscinetto a rotolamento 9 è inoltre tenuto in posizione fra il ribasso 14 e l’elemento angolato anulare 17.
All'estremità opposta a quella del mozzo 5, la porzione tubolare dello statore 3 è collegata con una flangia 19 del raccordo 2 che è avvitata ad un bordo ingrossato 20 nella porzione tubolare dello statore 3 tramite viti 21. L'anello esterno 22 nel cuscinetto a rotolamento 10 è tenuto in posizione da una nervatura radiale 23 della porzione dello statore 3 e da un distanziale 18 che appoggia direttamente sulla flangia 19, mentre l'anello interno 24 dello stesso cuscinetto 10 trova sede su una fascia ribassata 25 nella superficie esterna della porzione tubolare del rotore 4. L'anello interno 24 è inoltre tenuto in posizione da un elemento angolato a sezione di L 26.
Nella Figura 2 in una prima variante un aerogeneratore 100 è composto da un rotore 104 che si trova all'esterno di uno statore 3. Il rotore 4 è supportato dallo statore 3 in modo analogo come descritto con riferimento alla Figura 1. In questo caso gli avvolgimenti 108 si trovano sulla superficie esterna dello statore 103, mentre i magneti permanenti 107 sono nella superficie interna del rotore 104.

Claims (1)

  1. R I V E N D I C A Z I O N I 1. Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica, comprendente un supporto (2), uno statore (3) solidale al supporto (2), un rotore (4) rotante nello statore (3), un mozzo (5) collegato con il rotore (4) e almeno due pale estendentisi radialmente dal mozzo (5), caratterizzato dal fatto che lo statore (3) e il rotore (4) sono formati da porzioni tubolari fra loro concentriche, sulle cui superfici contrapposte sono rispettivamente disposti magneti permanenti (7) e avvolgimenti (8) e cuscinetti a rotolamento (9, 10) contenenti fra loro i magneti permanenti e gli avvolgimenti. Generatore secondo la rivendicazione 1, caratterizzato dal fatto che lo statore (3) si trova internamente rispetto al rotore (4). 3. Generatore secondo la rivendicazione 1, caratterizzato dal fatto che lo statore (3) si trova esternamente al rotore (4). 4. Generatore secondo le rivendicazioni da 1 a 3, caratterizzato dal fatto che i magneti permanenti si trovano sul rotore. Generatore secondo le rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzato dal fatto che almeno uno dei cuscinetti è un cuscinetto a rotolamento reggi- spinta. 6. Generatore secondo le rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzato dal fatto che l'interno del generatore forma un passaggio dall'interno di una torre di supporto al mozzo e all'interno delle pale. 7. Generatore secondo le rivendicazioni precedenti caratterizzato dal fatto che la struttura cava agevola per effetto cammino il convogliamento dell’aria calda verso le pale permettendo un migliore sfruttamento delle perdite di calore generate da varie componenti elettriche ed elettroniche installate.
IT2001BZ000043A 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica. ITBZ20010043A1 (it)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2001BZ000043A ITBZ20010043A1 (it) 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica.
EP10162892.3A EP2230750B1 (de) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Windkraftstromgenerator
JP2003527872A JP2005503098A (ja) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 風力発電機
PCT/IB2002/003741 WO2003023943A2 (de) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Windkraftstromgenerator
BRPI0211869-6A BR0211869B1 (pt) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Gerador de energia elétrica pela ação do vento
DE50214445T DE50214445D1 (de) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Windkraftstromgenerator
CNA02817867XA CN1554144A (zh) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 风力发电机
AT02760505T ATE468653T1 (de) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Windkraftstromgenerator
US10/489,726 US7205678B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Wind power generator
EP02760505A EP1425840B1 (de) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Windkraftstromgenerator
ES02760505T ES2346413T3 (es) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Generador de corriente de potencia eolica.
DK02760505.4T DK1425840T3 (da) 2001-09-13 2002-09-09 Vindkraftstrømgenerator
NO20041444A NO331377B1 (no) 2001-09-13 2004-04-07 Vindkraftgenerator.
US11/735,249 US7385305B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2007-04-13 Wind power generator and bearing structure therefor
US11/735,270 US7385306B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2007-04-13 wind power generator including blade arrangement
US12/150,593 US7687932B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2008-04-29 Wind power generator and bearing structure therefor
US12/706,760 US7893555B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2010-02-17 Wind power current generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2001BZ000043A ITBZ20010043A1 (it) 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ITBZ20010043A1 true ITBZ20010043A1 (it) 2003-03-13

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ID=11440936

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT2001BZ000043A ITBZ20010043A1 (it) 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 Generatore elettrico azionato da energia eolica.

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (5) US7205678B2 (it)
EP (2) EP2230750B1 (it)
JP (1) JP2005503098A (it)
CN (1) CN1554144A (it)
AT (1) ATE468653T1 (it)
BR (1) BR0211869B1 (it)
DE (1) DE50214445D1 (it)
DK (1) DK1425840T3 (it)
ES (1) ES2346413T3 (it)
IT (1) ITBZ20010043A1 (it)
NO (1) NO331377B1 (it)
WO (1) WO2003023943A2 (it)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114667661A (zh) * 2019-11-15 2022-06-24 日本制铁株式会社 定子铁芯、旋转电机、定子铁芯的设计方法

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