IL111084A - FERMENTATION PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF 8-ACYLOXY-1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 8A-HEXAHYDRO- b-d- 6-TRIHYDROXY-2-METHYL-1- NAPHTHALENEHEPTANOIC ACID AND ITS d-LACTONE - Google Patents
FERMENTATION PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF 8-ACYLOXY-1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 8A-HEXAHYDRO- b-d- 6-TRIHYDROXY-2-METHYL-1- NAPHTHALENEHEPTANOIC ACID AND ITS d-LACTONEInfo
- Publication number
- IL111084A IL111084A IL111084A IL11108494A IL111084A IL 111084 A IL111084 A IL 111084A IL 111084 A IL111084 A IL 111084A IL 11108494 A IL11108494 A IL 11108494A IL 111084 A IL111084 A IL 111084A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- atcc
- microorganism
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
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- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005059 halophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WHWDWIHXSPCOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydrofarnesyl acetone Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)=O WHWDWIHXSPCOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012807 shake-flask culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004953 trihalomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012137 tryptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N ulipristal acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C@@H]1C2=C3CCC(=O)C=C3CC[C@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C(C)=O)[C@]2(C)C1 OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/06—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
- Y10S435/872—Nocardia
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
- Y10S435/886—Streptomyces
Landscapes
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/141,316 US6043064A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Enzymatic hydroxylation process for the preparation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and intermediates thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL111084A0 IL111084A0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| IL111084A true IL111084A (en) | 1998-01-04 |
Family
ID=22495167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL111084A IL111084A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-09-29 | FERMENTATION PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF 8-ACYLOXY-1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 8A-HEXAHYDRO- b-d- 6-TRIHYDROXY-2-METHYL-1- NAPHTHALENEHEPTANOIC ACID AND ITS d-LACTONE |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6043064A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0649907B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3683606B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100342627B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1085250C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE196166T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU679113B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2134025A1 (de) |
| CY (1) | CY2216B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69425801T2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK0649907T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2150459T3 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI113279B (de) |
| GR (1) | GR3034835T3 (de) |
| HU (1) | HU217104B (de) |
| IL (1) | IL111084A (de) |
| PT (1) | PT649907E (de) |
| SG (1) | SG47504A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW438888B (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6245535B1 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 2001-06-12 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Process for the preparation of HMG-COA reductase inhibitors |
| EP1015600A1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-07-05 | Dsm N.V. | Fermentative herstellung von statin |
| SI9800144A (sl) | 1998-05-21 | 1999-12-31 | LEK, tovarna farmacevtskih in kemičnih izdelkov, d.d. | Nov biotehnološki postopek pridobivanja 3-hidroksi-ML-236B derivatov poznanih kot M-4 in M-4' |
| CA2358927A1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2000-07-27 | Shin-Ichi Hashimoto | Process for producing hmg-coa reductase inhibitors |
| CA2360080A1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-03 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd. | Process for producing hmg-coa reductase inhibitor |
| HUP9902352A1 (hu) * | 1999-07-12 | 2000-09-28 | Gyógyszerkutató Intézet Kft. | Eljárás pravasztatin mikrobiológiai előállítására |
| JP2003093045A (ja) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-02 | Godo Shusei Co Ltd | 有用変換微生物 |
| EP1430138B1 (de) * | 2001-09-27 | 2006-01-18 | Biocon Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung von pravastatin-natriumsalz mittels streptomyces flavidovirens dsm 14455 |
| EP1452602A1 (de) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-01 | Antibiotic Co., | Fermentatives Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pravastatin |
| TWI252253B (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2006-04-01 | Chinese Petroleum Corp | A novel Pseudonocardia sp RMRC PAH4 and a process for bioconverting compactin into pravastatin using the same |
| CN101351551A (zh) * | 2005-11-29 | 2009-01-21 | 协和发酵工业株式会社 | 新型蛋白质和编码该蛋白质的dna |
| WO2007137816A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-06 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Process for the preparation of epoxide intermediates for pharmaceutical compounds such as statins |
| EP1953233A1 (de) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-06 | LEK Pharmaceuticals d.d. | Fermentationsverfahren zur Herstellung von Pravastatin |
| US20200115705A1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2020-04-16 | Zymergen Inc. | A high-throughput (htp) genomic engineering platform for improving saccharopolyspora spinosa |
Family Cites Families (16)
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| JPS5612114B2 (de) * | 1974-06-07 | 1981-03-18 | ||
| US4206206A (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1980-06-03 | Kowa Company, Ltd. | Antibiotics of the KA-6606 series and pharmaceutical compositions thereof |
| US4444784A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-04-24 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Antihypercholesterolemic compounds |
| DK149080C (da) * | 1980-06-06 | 1986-07-28 | Sankyo Co | Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af derivater af ml-236b-carboxylsyre |
| US4450171A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-05-22 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Antihypercholesterolemic compounds |
| EP0069442B1 (de) * | 1981-06-06 | 1985-02-20 | Pfizer Limited | Fungizide Mittel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammenstellungen |
| JPS5889191A (ja) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-05-27 | Sankyo Co Ltd | 3−ヒドロキシ−ml−236b誘導体の製造法 |
| JPS60176595A (ja) * | 1984-02-21 | 1985-09-10 | Akira Endo | 生理活性物質ml−236a及びモナコリンjの製造法 |
| PT85109A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-07-01 | Merck & Co Inc | Process for the preparation of hydroxy-tetrahydropyranone derivatives or corresponding ring opened dihydroxy acids which are hmg-coa reductase inhibitors |
| US4857547A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1989-08-15 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors |
| EP0337548A3 (de) * | 1988-04-15 | 1991-08-14 | Merck & Co. Inc. | Inhibitoren von HMG-COA-Reduktase, hergestellt durch Nocardia SP.(MA6455)(ATCC 53695) |
| EP0381478A1 (de) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-08 | Merck & Co. Inc. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-alpha-Hydroxymethyl-Lovastatin-Derivaten |
| EP0408806A1 (de) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-23 | Merck & Co. Inc. | Antihypercholesterolemische Mittel |
| TW227552B (de) * | 1990-07-06 | 1994-08-01 | Squibb & Sons Inc | |
| CA2053000C (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1995-08-29 | Michael J. Conder | Biosynthetic production of 6(r)-[2-(8(s)-hydroxy-2(s), 6(r)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(r)-hexahydronaphthyl)-ethyl]-4 (r)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-one triol acid by enzymatic hydrolysis of lovastatin acid using an enzyme derived from__lonostachys compactiuscula |
| IL108432A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1997-09-30 | Sankyo Co | DERIVATIVES OF 3, 5-DIHYDROXY-7- £1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 8a-HEXAHYDRO-2- METHYL-8- (SUBSTITUTED ALKANOYLOXY)-1-NAPHTHYL| HEPTANOIC ACID AND THEIR LACTONES, THEIR PREPARATION, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM |
-
1993
- 1993-10-22 US US08/141,316 patent/US6043064A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-09-29 IL IL111084A patent/IL111084A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-01 TW TW083109094A patent/TW438888B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-18 DE DE69425801T patent/DE69425801T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-18 PT PT94116409T patent/PT649907E/pt unknown
- 1994-10-18 SG SG1996002486A patent/SG47504A1/en unknown
- 1994-10-18 DK DK94116409T patent/DK0649907T3/da active
- 1994-10-18 AT AT94116409T patent/ATE196166T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-18 EP EP94116409A patent/EP0649907B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-18 ES ES94116409T patent/ES2150459T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-20 FI FI944926A patent/FI113279B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-21 KR KR1019940026933A patent/KR100342627B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-21 CA CA002134025A patent/CA2134025A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-21 HU HU9403061A patent/HU217104B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-21 JP JP25654894A patent/JP3683606B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-21 AU AU75972/94A patent/AU679113B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-10-22 CN CN94117167A patent/CN1085250C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-13 GR GR20000402523T patent/GR3034835T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-28 CY CY0000057A patent/CY2216B1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI113279B (fi) | 2004-03-31 |
| DE69425801T2 (de) | 2001-05-03 |
| KR950011616A (ko) | 1995-05-15 |
| SG47504A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
| AU679113B2 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| CN1106067A (zh) | 1995-08-02 |
| FI944926A0 (fi) | 1994-10-20 |
| GR3034835T3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| TW438888B (en) | 2001-06-07 |
| AU7597294A (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| KR100342627B1 (ko) | 2002-11-18 |
| ATE196166T1 (de) | 2000-09-15 |
| US6043064A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| CN1085250C (zh) | 2002-05-22 |
| IL111084A0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| JPH07184670A (ja) | 1995-07-25 |
| FI944926L (fi) | 1995-04-23 |
| HU9403061D0 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| PT649907E (pt) | 2000-12-29 |
| HK1014740A1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| HUT69959A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
| EP0649907B1 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
| DE69425801D1 (de) | 2000-10-12 |
| HU217104B (hu) | 1999-11-29 |
| EP0649907A1 (de) | 1995-04-26 |
| JP3683606B2 (ja) | 2005-08-17 |
| ES2150459T3 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
| CY2216B1 (en) | 2003-04-18 |
| DK0649907T3 (da) | 2000-10-09 |
| CA2134025A1 (en) | 1995-04-23 |
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| MM9K | Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees |