IL106787A - Electrochemical cell with lithium manganese oxide cathode and its production - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell with lithium manganese oxide cathode and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- IL106787A IL106787A IL106787A IL10678793A IL106787A IL 106787 A IL106787 A IL 106787A IL 106787 A IL106787 A IL 106787A IL 10678793 A IL10678793 A IL 10678793A IL 106787 A IL106787 A IL 106787A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- cell housing
- cell
- electrochemical cell
- production
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/54—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(CoxMn2-x)04, Li(MyCoxMn2-x-y)O4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/32—Three-dimensional structures spinel-type (AB2O4)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA926544 | 1992-08-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IL106787A0 IL106787A0 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
IL106787A true IL106787A (en) | 1997-04-15 |
Family
ID=25582036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IL106787A IL106787A (en) | 1992-08-28 | 1993-08-24 | Electrochemical cell with lithium manganese oxide cathode and its production |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5316877A (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3930574B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2104759C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE4328755C2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2695512B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2270195B (fr) |
IL (1) | IL106787A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA936168B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA94750B (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-29 | Technology Finance Corp | Electrochemical cell |
US5520903A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1996-05-28 | Chang; On K. | Method of making lithium metal oxide cathode active material |
EP0662727B1 (fr) * | 1993-12-24 | 1998-04-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Batterie secondaire non-aqueuse, matériau actif pour électrode positive et son procédé de fabrication |
CA2114492C (fr) * | 1994-01-28 | 2000-09-05 | Wu Li | Preparation par methode electrochimique aqueuse de composes d'insertion et utilisation desdits composes dans des batteries rechargeables non aqueuses |
ATE171012T1 (de) * | 1994-06-10 | 1998-09-15 | Danionics As | Kathodenmaterial für li-sekundärbatterien und verfahren und vorläufermaterial zu deren herstellung |
US5820790A (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1998-10-13 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for non-aqueous cell |
DE19520874A1 (de) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-06-20 | Basf Magnetics Gmbh | Lithium und Mangan-(III/IV) enthaltende Spinelle |
US5807646A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1998-09-15 | Tosoh Corporation | Spinel type lithium-mangenese oxide material, process for preparing the same and use thereof |
JP3325423B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-20 | 2002-09-17 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池、電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 |
US5721070A (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1998-02-24 | Shackle; Dale R. | Alkali metal ion battery electrode material |
JP3606289B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-26 | 2005-01-05 | 日本電池株式会社 | リチウム電池用正極活物質およびその製造法 |
DE19515630A1 (de) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-10-31 | Varta Batterie | Elektrochemisches Lithium-Sekundärelement |
US5693307A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-12-02 | Duracell, Inc. | Process for making a lithiated lithium manganese oxide spinel |
GB9512971D0 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1995-08-30 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
CA2158242C (fr) * | 1995-09-13 | 2000-08-15 | Qiming Zhong | Composes d'insertion haute tension pour piles au lithium |
US5582935A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1996-12-10 | Dasgupta; Sankar | Composite electrode for a lithium battery |
US5601796A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-02-11 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Method of making spinel LI2MN204 compound |
CA2163695C (fr) * | 1995-11-24 | 2000-08-01 | Qiming Zhong | Methode de preparation de li1+xmn2-x-ymyo4 pour des piles au lithium |
US5792442A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1998-08-11 | Fmc Corporation | Highly homogeneous spinel Li1+X Mn2-X O4 intercalation compounds and method for preparing same |
US5851696A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-12-22 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
JPH09293512A (ja) * | 1996-02-23 | 1997-11-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池及び正極活物質前駆体 |
US5972533A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-10-26 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell comprising a molten salt electrolyte containing sodium iodide |
JPH09245836A (ja) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
AU2606897A (en) | 1996-04-05 | 1997-10-29 | Fmc Corporation | Method for preparing spinel li1+xmn2-xo4+y intercalation compounds |
US5718877A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1998-02-17 | Fmc Corporation | Highly homogeneous spinal Li1+x Mn2-x O4+y intercalation compounds and method for preparing same |
FR2751135A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-16 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Electrode de generateur electrochimique rechargeable au lithium |
CN1134851C (zh) | 1996-07-22 | 2004-01-14 | 日本电池株式会社 | 锂电池用正极 |
JP2000515672A (ja) * | 1996-07-22 | 2000-11-21 | 日本電池株式会社 | リチウムバッテリ用正極 |
WO1998016960A2 (fr) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-04-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrolyte polymere, composes d'insertion et electrodes pour batteries |
JP2000508829A (ja) | 1997-02-06 | 2000-07-11 | アー・アー・ベー・アツシユ・パテント・ホールデイングス・ソシエテ・アノニム | 電気化学電池 |
US6040089A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2000-03-21 | Fmc Corporation | Multiple-doped oxide cathode material for secondary lithium and lithium-ion batteries |
US6165641A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2000-12-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Nanodisperse transition metal electrodes (NTME) for electrochemical cells |
US6277521B1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2001-08-21 | Fmc Corporation | Lithium metal oxide containing multiple dopants and method of preparing same |
JP3045998B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-15 | 2000-05-29 | エフエムシー・コーポレイション | 層間化合物およびその作製方法 |
US6337157B1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 2002-01-08 | Showa Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Cathode electroactive material, production method and nonaqueous secondary battery comprising the same |
WO1999000860A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-07 | Maxpower, Inc. | Cathodes en oxyde de manganese de transition |
JPH11111286A (ja) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-23 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極材料の製造方法 |
US6455198B1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2002-09-24 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery with a lithium manganese oxide positive electrode |
JP3928231B2 (ja) | 1997-12-15 | 2007-06-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | リチウム2次電池 |
US6159637A (en) * | 1998-02-16 | 2000-12-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Lithium secondary cell and positive electrode material therefor |
US6267943B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-07-31 | Fmc Corporation | Lithium manganese oxide spinel compound and method of preparing same |
US6428766B1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2002-08-06 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Manganese oxide, lithium manganese complex oxide and cobalt-coated lithium manganese complex oxide, and preparation processes thereof |
DE69907261T3 (de) | 1998-11-13 | 2016-07-21 | Umicore | Schichtgitterstruktur besitzende lithiumhaltige metalloxide, die frei von lokalen kubisch-spinell-artigen phasen sind, und herstellung derselben |
ATE225755T1 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2002-10-15 | Fmc Corp | Dotierte lithium-mangan-mischoxide und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
JP2000169150A (ja) * | 1998-12-02 | 2000-06-20 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | スピネル型リチウムマンガン複合酸化物及びリチウム二次電池 |
EP1049187A3 (fr) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-04-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Pile secondaire au lithium |
JP3497420B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-30 | 2004-02-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
US6964830B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2005-11-15 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
US6248477B1 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2001-06-19 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Llc | Cathode intercalation compositions, production methods and rechargeable lithium batteries containing the same |
DE60002505T2 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2004-03-25 | Fmc Corp. | Lithium kobaltoxide und verfahren zur herstellung |
US6528033B1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2003-03-04 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Method of making lithium-containing materials |
JP3611188B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-01-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2001250550A (ja) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP3611189B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-01-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2002050357A (ja) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電 池 |
US6645452B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-11-11 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Methods of making lithium metal cathode active materials |
US6720112B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2004-04-13 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Lithium cell based on lithiated transition metal titanates |
US6706445B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2004-03-16 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Synthesis of lithiated transition metal titanates for lithium cells |
US20030073003A1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-17 | Jeremy Barker | Molybdenum oxide based cathode active materials |
US6908710B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2005-06-21 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Lithiated molybdenum oxide active materials |
US6759167B2 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2004-07-06 | The Gillette Company | Primary lithium electrochemical cell |
US6773851B1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Synthesis of Li2Mn4O9 using lithium permanganate precursor |
US7045252B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2006-05-16 | The Gillette Company | Alkaline battery including lambda-manganese dioxide |
WO2004088777A1 (fr) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | Nec Corporation | Matiere active pour anode utilisee dans un accumulateur, accumulateur et procede de production de ladite matiere active pour anode utilisee dans un accumulateur |
CN100438144C (zh) | 2003-05-26 | 2008-11-26 | 日本电气株式会社 | 二次电池用正极活性材料,二次电池用正极,二次电池及制备二次电池用正极活性材料的方法 |
US7635536B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2009-12-22 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Manganese oxide composite electrodes for lithium batteries |
US8080340B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2011-12-20 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Manganese oxide composite electrodes for lithium batteries |
EP1807888B8 (fr) | 2004-09-03 | 2017-04-12 | UChicago Argonne, LLC | Electrodes composites d'oxyde de manganese pour piles au lithium |
KR101329669B1 (ko) | 2004-12-28 | 2013-11-15 | 보스톤-파워, 인크. | 리튬 이온 2차 배터리 |
JP4994631B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-12 | 2012-08-08 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池およびその正極活物質 |
KR101532807B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-12 | 2015-06-30 | 도다 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 비수전해액 이차 전지용 망간산리튬 입자 분말 및 그의 제조 방법, 및 비수전해액 이차 전지 |
CA2720600C (fr) * | 2008-04-07 | 2017-09-12 | Jay Whitacre | Dispositif de stockage d'energie secondaire electrochimique sous forme d'electrolyte aqueux base sur des ions de sodium |
DE102008029804A1 (de) | 2008-06-24 | 2010-07-08 | Süd-Chemie AG | Mischoxid enthaltend einen Lithium-Mangan-Spinell und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US8808912B2 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2014-08-19 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Surface protected lithium-metal-oxide electrodes |
WO2012067675A1 (fr) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc, Operator Of Argonne National Laboratory | Structures d'électrode et surfaces pour batterie au lithium-ion |
WO2012148569A2 (fr) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-11-01 | Aquion Energy Inc. | Ensemble électrode sensible au profil |
US8298701B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-10-30 | Aquion Energy Inc. | Aqueous electrolyte energy storage device |
US8945751B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2015-02-03 | Aquion Energy, Inc. | High voltage battery composed of anode limited electrochemical cells |
US8137830B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-03-20 | Aquion Energy, Inc. | High voltage battery composed of anode limited electrochemical cells |
US8652672B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2014-02-18 | Aquion Energy, Inc. | Large format electrochemical energy storage device housing and module |
US8945756B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2015-02-03 | Aquion Energy Inc. | Composite anode structure for aqueous electrolyte energy storage and device containing same |
CN104956514B (zh) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-08-07 | 株式会社东芝 | 蓄电池系统 |
US10069143B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2018-09-04 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Cobalt-stabilized lithium metal oxide electrodes for lithium batteries |
JP6529005B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-14 | 2019-06-12 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 二次電池 |
US10305103B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2019-05-28 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Stabilized electrodes for lithium batteries |
US10741839B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2020-08-11 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Surface treatment for lithium battery electrode materials |
CL2017002221A1 (es) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-19 | Univ Antofagasta | Espinela de manganeso dopada con magnesio, material catódico que la comprende, método de preparación, y batería de ion litio que la comprende |
CA3231998A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-23 | Emd Acquisition Llc | Procede de preparation de dioxyde de manganese electrolytique |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2221213B (en) * | 1988-07-12 | 1991-09-04 | Csir | Synthesizing lithium manganese oxide |
US5084366A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1992-01-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell |
US5153081A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1992-10-06 | Csir | Lithium manganese oxide compound |
US5166012A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1992-11-24 | Technology Finance Corporation (Proprietary) Limited | Manganese oxide compounds |
GB2245264B (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1994-06-15 | Technology Finance Corp | Lithium manganese oxide compound |
DE4025208A1 (de) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-02-13 | Varta Batterie | Elektrochemisches sekundaerelement |
JP3028582B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-09 | 2000-04-04 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
GB2251119B (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1995-06-07 | Technology Finance Corp | Electrochemical cell |
US5196279A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-03-23 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Rechargeable battery including a Li1+x Mn2 O4 cathode and a carbon anode |
US5135732A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-08-04 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for preparation of LiMn2 O4 intercalation compounds and use thereof in secondary lithium batteries |
-
1993
- 1993-08-23 ZA ZA936168A patent/ZA936168B/xx unknown
- 1993-08-24 GB GB9317570A patent/GB2270195B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-24 CA CA002104759A patent/CA2104759C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-24 IL IL106787A patent/IL106787A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-26 DE DE4328755A patent/DE4328755C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 US US08/112,886 patent/US5316877A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 JP JP21298893A patent/JP3930574B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 FR FR9310320A patent/FR2695512B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2104759C (fr) | 2005-03-08 |
GB2270195A (en) | 1994-03-02 |
JP3930574B2 (ja) | 2007-06-13 |
US5316877A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
IL106787A0 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
GB2270195B (en) | 1995-10-25 |
FR2695512B1 (fr) | 1996-03-15 |
GB9317570D0 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
FR2695512A1 (fr) | 1994-03-11 |
DE4328755C2 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
ZA936168B (en) | 1994-03-22 |
DE4328755A1 (de) | 1994-03-10 |
JPH06187993A (ja) | 1994-07-08 |
CA2104759A1 (fr) | 1994-03-01 |
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