Claims (8)
1. Sklop kormila za brodove s većim brzinama, s kormilom koje smanjuje kavitaciju, koje se uvija i naročito u potpunosti pluta, koje kormilo obuhvaća list kormila (100) s propelerom (115) koji je pridružen listu kormila i koji je postavljen na osovinu propelera (PA), koja može biti u pogonu, i s osovinom kormila (140) koja je spojena s listom kormila (100), naznačen time
a.) što se sklop kormila (200) sastoji od vitkog profila s malom debljinom profila i što ima list kormila koji u potpunosti pluta i koji se sastoji od dva predjela lista kormila (10, 20), koji predjeli leže jedan iznad drugoga i imaju jednake ili nejednake visine, a poželjno je da gornji predio lista kormila (10) ima visinu koja je veća u odnosu na visinu donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) i što sklop kormila ima propeler (115) koji je okrenut prema približno polukružnim profilima traka vodećih rubova (11, 21), koje su tako postavljene da je jedna traka vodećeg ruba (ti) pomaknuta prema lijevom boku broda (BB) ili prema desnom boku broda (SB), a druga traka vodećeg ruba (21) je pomaknut prema desnom boku broda (SB) ili prema lijevom boku broda (BB), na stranu od uzdužne središnje linije (LML) lista kormila (100), pri čemu se bočne površine stijenki (12, 13; 22, 23) obiju predjela listova kormila (10, 20) skupljaju u krajnjem rubu (15) koji rub se nalazi na strani koja je okrenut na suprotnu stranu od propelera (115),
a1.) pri čemu obje trake vodećeg ruba (11, 21) i krajnji rub (15), zbog smanjenja površina poprečnog presjeka (30), prolaze tako da se konusno sužavaju prema dolje od gornjeg predjela (OB) prema donjem predjelu (UB) lista kormila(100),
a2.) ili krajnji rub (15) prolazi pravocrtno i paralelno s osovinom kormila (140), a obje trake vodećeg ruba (11, 21) zbog smanjenja veličine plohe poprečnog presjeka (30) od gornjeg predjela (OB) prema donjem predjelu (UB) prolaze tako da se konusno sužavaju prema dolje,
a3.) pri čemu predjeli površina poprečnog presjeka (31) gornjeg sektora lista kormila (10) i donjeg sektora lista kormila (20), u predjelu između krajnjeg ruba (15) i najveće debljine profila (PD) lista kormila (100) imaju duljinu (L), koja odgovara najmanje 1 1⁄2-puta duljini (LI) predjela površine poprečnog presjeka (32) gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) i donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) između najveće debljine profila (PD) lista kormila (100) i trake vodećeg ruba (11, 12),
a4.) pri čemu gornji predio lista kormila (10), koji je na strani lijevog boka broda (BB) i donji predio lista kormila (20) koji je na strani desnog boka brada (SB), svaki od njih se prostire od traka vodećih rubova (11,21), prolazeći po plohi koja ima oblik luka, u smjeru preko predjela bočne stijenke(18,28) prema krajnjem rubu (15) s duljinom (L2), koja se pruža preko duljine (L'2) predjela bočne stijenke (18) od traka vodećih rubova (11, 21) sve do najveće debljine profila (PD), uračunavši duljinu (L"2), koja odgovara najmanje 1/3 duljine (L'2), pri čemu se na predjelu bočne stijenke (18, 28) koja prolazi plosnato u obliku luka nastavlja predio bočne stijenke (16,26) koja prolazi pravolinijski i završava se na krajnjem rubu (15),
a5.) pri čemu je gornji predio lista kormila (10), koji je na desnom boku broda (SB) i donji predio lista kormila (20), koji je na lijevom boku broda (BB), svaki od njih je oštro zakrivljen u obliku luka i ima predjele bočne stijenke (19, 29) koji se prostiru u obliku luka i pružaju se od trake vodećeg ruba (11, 21) u smjeru prema krajnjem rubu (15) s dužinom (L'3), koji se pružaju preko duljine (L'3) predjela bočne stijenke (19) od trake vodećeg ruba (11, 21) sve do najveće debljine profila (PD), uračunavši duljinu (L"3), koja odgovara najmanje 1/3 duljine (L'3), pri čemu se na predio bočne stijenke (19,29), koji ima oblik luka i koji prolaz tako daje oštro lučno zakrivljen, nastavlja predio bočne stijenke (17, 27) koji prolazi pravolinijski i koji završava na krajnjem rubu (15),
a6.) pri čemu oba predjela bočne stijenke (16; 17; 26,27) koji prolaze pravolinijski imaju, po dva i dva, jednake duljine, a predjeli ploha poprečnog presjeka koji leže između obiju predjela bočnih stijenki (16; 17; 26, 27) načinjeni su tako da su jednako veliki i da su simetrični,
a7.) pri čemu je razmak između predjela bočne stijenke (18; 28) koja prolazi plosnato u obliku luka do uzdužne središnje linije (LML) u odnosu na razmak između predjela bočne stijenke koja prolazi kao jako zakrivljena u obliku luka (19;29) do uzdužne središnje linije (LML) veći, a predjeli bočnih stijenki (18; 28) koji prolaze između obiju predjela bočnih stijenki (18; 28) koji se prostiru plosnato u obliku luka u odnosu na predjele površina poprečnog presjeka koji leže s obje strane uzdužne središnje linije (LML), načinjeni su tako da su asimetrični,
a8.) pri čemu su u prelaznom predjelu dvaju bočno razmještenih sektora obiju sektora lista kormila (10,20), koji su postavljeni tako da leže jedan iznad drugoga, postavljeni limovi za vođenje (200, 201) koji prekrivaju pomaknuti predio s profilom koji ima izdužen oblik ili ima oblik polukugle i koji je povoljan za strujanje, i lučno su oblikovani i prilagođeni na vanjsku stijenku lista kormila, od kojih limova se jedan lim za vođenje (200) prostire od trake vodećeg ruba (11) gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) sve do njegove bočne stijenke, a drugi lim za vođenje (201) se prostire od trake vodećeg ruba (21) donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) sve do njegove bočne stijenke, i
b.) što se sklop kormila sastoji i od osovine kormila (140) koja je funkcionalno povezena s listom kormila (100), i to na takav način da djeluju zajednički i da ima najmanje jedan ležaj,
b1.) pri čemu osovina kormila (140) koja je načinjena od kovanog čelika, ili nekog drugog prikladnog materijala, zajedno s cijevi za prihvat osovine kormila /Kokerrohr/ (120), koja je načinjena naročito od kovanog čelika ili nekog drugog prikladnog materijala u predjelu najveće debljine profila (PD) ili između ovoga i traka vodećeg ruba predjela gornjeg lista kormila (10) i prostire se sa svojom napravom za pričvršćenje (145), koja se nalazi na krajnjoj strani, duž cijele visine gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10),
b2.) pri čemu je cijev za prihvat osovine (120), koja je uvučena duboko u predjelu gornjeg lista kormila (10), predviđena za prihvat osovine kormila (140) kao elementa koji se umetne i snabdjevena s uzdužnim provrtom (125) koji je smješten u središtu i koji prihvaća osovinu kormila (140),
b3.) pri čemu je poprečni presjek cijevi koja prihvaća osovinu kormila izveden tako da ima tanku cijev i poželjno je da cijev koja prihvaća osovinu kormila (120) ima s unutarnje strane stijenke, u predjelu svojeg jednog slobodnog kraja, jedan prolazni osovinski ležaj (130) za uležištenje osovine kormila (140), i
b4.) pri čemu je osovina kormila (140) u svojem krajnjem predjelu (140b) izvedena s jednim predjelom (140a) koji je izvan cijevi za prihvaćanja osovine kormila (120) i s krajem tog predjela (140a) je spojena s gornjim predjelom lista kormila (10).1. A rudder assembly for ships at higher speeds, with a cavitation-reducing, twisting, and particularly fully floating rudder, which rudder comprises a rudder blade (100) with a propeller (115) attached to the rudder blade and mounted on the propeller shaft. (PA), which may be in operation, and with a rudder shaft (140) connected to a rudder blade (100), indicated by
a.) that the rudder assembly (200) consists of a slim profile with a small profile thickness and that it has a rudder blade that is completely floating and that consists of two sections of the rudder sheet (10, 20), which sections lie one above the other and have of equal or unequal height, and it is desirable that the upper part of the rudder leaf (10) has a height that is greater than the height of the lower part of the rudder leaf (20) and that the rudder assembly has a propeller (115) that faces the approximately semicircular profiles of the leading strips edges (11, 21), which are placed in such a way that one strip of the leading edge (ti) is moved towards the port side of the ship (BB) or towards the starboard side of the ship (SB), and the other strip of the leading edge (21) is moved towards the starboard side of the ship (SB) or towards the left side of the ship (BB), to the side of the longitudinal center line (LML) of the rudder blade (100), whereby the side surfaces of the walls (12, 13; 22, 23) overlap the areas of the rudder blades (10, 20) gather in the end edge (15), which edge is on the side facing the sup rotating side of the propeller (115),
a1.) where both strips of the leading edge (11, 21) and the end edge (15), due to the reduction of the cross-sectional areas (30), pass so that they taper downward from the upper area (OB) to the lower area (UB) list of rudders(100),
a2.) or the end edge (15) passes in a straight line and parallel to the axis of the rudder (140), and both strips of the leading edge (11, 21) due to the reduction in the size of the cross-sectional area (30) from the upper area (OB) to the lower area (UB) ) pass so that they taper downwards,
a3.) where the areas of the cross-sectional surfaces (31) of the upper sector of the rudder blade (10) and the lower sector of the rudder blade (20), in the area between the end edge (15) and the largest profile thickness (PD) of the rudder blade (100) have a length (L), which corresponds to at least 1 1⁄2 times the length (LI) of the area of the cross-sectional area (32) of the upper area of the rudder blade (10) and the lower area of the rudder blade (20) between the greatest profile thickness (PD) of the rudder blade (100 ) and leading edge strips (11, 12),
a4.) where the upper section of the rudder sheet (10), which is on the port side of the ship (BB) and the lower section of the rudder sheet (20), which is on the side of the starboard side of the ship (SB), each of them extends from the leading strips of the edges (11,21), passing along a surface that has the shape of an arc, in the direction over the side wall area (18,28) towards the end edge (15) with a length (L2), which extends over the length (L'2) of the side wall area walls (18) from the strips of the leading edges (11, 21) up to the maximum thickness of the profile (PD), including the length (L"2), which corresponds to at least 1/3 of the length (L'2), while on the area of the side wall (18, 28), which runs flat in the form of an arc, continues the section of the side wall (16,26), which runs in a straight line and ends at the end edge (15),
a5.) where the upper section of the rudder sheet (10), which is on the starboard side of the ship (SB) and the lower section of the rudder sheet (20), which is on the port side of the ship (BB), each of them is sharply curved in the form arc and has sidewall portions (19, 29) extending in the shape of an arc and extending from the leading edge strip (11, 21) in the direction toward the trailing edge (15) with a length (L'3), which extend over the length (L'3) section of the side wall (19) from the leading edge strip (11, 21) up to the maximum thickness of the profile (PD), including the length (L"3), which corresponds to at least 1/3 of the length (L'3), where the part of the side wall (19,29), which has the shape of an arc and which thus gives a sharply arched passage, is continued by the part of the side wall (17, 27) which passes in a straight line and ends at the end edge (15),
a6.) where both parts of the side wall (16; 17; 26,27) that pass in a straight line have, two and two, equal lengths, and the parts of the cross-sectional area that lie between both parts of the side walls (16; 17; 26, 27) are made so that they are equally large and symmetrical,
a7.) where the distance between the areas of the side wall (18; 28) that passes flat in the shape of an arc to the longitudinal center line (LML) is compared to the distance between the areas of the side wall that passes as strongly curved in the shape of an arc (19; 29) to the longitudinal center line (LML) larger, and the regions of the side walls (18; 28) passing between both regions of the side walls (18; 28) which extend flat in the shape of an arc in relation to the regions of the cross-sectional surfaces lying on both sides of the longitudinal central lines (LML), are made so that they are asymmetrical,
a8.) where in the transitional area of the two laterally arranged sectors of both sectors of the rudder blade (10,20), which are placed so that they lie one above the other, guiding sheets (200, 201) are placed that cover the moved area with a profile that has elongated shape or has the shape of a hemisphere and which is favorable for flow, and are arched and adapted to the outer wall of the rudder leaf, of which sheets one guide sheet (200) extends from the strip of the leading edge (11) of the upper part of the rudder leaf (10) ) up to its side wall, and the second guide sheet (201) extends from the leading edge strip (21) of the lower part of the rudder blade (20) up to its side wall, and
b.) that the rudder assembly also consists of the rudder shaft (140) which is functionally connected to the rudder leaf (100), in such a way that they act together and have at least one bearing,
b1.) where the rudder shaft (140) which is made of forged steel, or some other suitable material, together with the tube for receiving the rudder shaft /Kokerrohr/ (120), which is made especially of forged steel or some other suitable material in the area of the largest profile thickness (PD) or between this and the strip of the leading edge of the area of the upper rudder leaf (10) and extends with its attachment device (145), which is located on the extreme side, along the entire height of the upper area of the rudder leaf (10) ,
b2.) whereby the tube for receiving the shaft (120), which is inserted deep in the area of the upper blade of the rudder (10), is intended for receiving the shaft of the rudder (140) as an element that is inserted and provided with a longitudinal bore (125) which is located in the center and which accepts the rudder shaft (140),
b3.) where the cross-section of the tube that accepts the rudder shaft is made so that it has a thin tube and it is desirable that the tube that accepts the rudder shaft (120) has on the inside of the wall, in the area of its one free end, one through shaft bearing (130 ) for fitting the rudder shaft (140), i
b4.) where the rudder shaft (140) in its end region (140b) is made with one region (140a) that is outside the tube for accepting the rudder shaft (120) and with the end of this region (140a) is connected to the upper region of the rudder leaf (10).
2. Sklop kormila u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačen time što je između gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) i donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) postavljena jedna ploča za učvršćenje (45) i čvrsto je spojena s predjelima listova kormila (10, 20), pri čemu ova ploča za učvršćenje (45) ima simetričan predio plohe poprečnog presjeka (46,47) u odnosu na obje strane uzdužne središnje linije (LML) i ima plosnati profil i dimenzije koje se zatvaraju s profilima i dimenzijama donje ploče (42) gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) i ploče koja prekriva (41) donji predio lista kormila (20).2. The rudder assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that between the upper part of the rudder leaf (10) and the lower part of the rudder leaf (20) one fastening plate (45) is placed and is firmly connected to the parts of the rudder leaves (10, 20), where this fixing plate (45) has a symmetrical distribution of the cross-sectional area (46,47) in relation to both sides of the longitudinal center line (LML) and has a flat profile and dimensions that close with the profiles and dimensions of the bottom plate ( 42) of the upper part of the rudder leaf (10) and the plate that covers (41) the lower part of the rudder leaf (20).
3. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 ili 2, naznačen time što su traka vodećeg ruba (11) gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) i traka vodećeg ruba (21) donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) pomaknute na stranu prema lijevom boku broda (BB) i prema desnom boku broda (SB) u odnosu na uzdužnu središnju liniju (LML) i to na takav način da oni u odnosu na središnju liniju (M2), koja je povučena kroz bočno pomaknute predjele traka vodećih rubova, prolazi pod kutom a koji iznosi najmanje 3° do 10°, koji može biti i veći, poželjno daje 8°, u odnosu na uzdužnu središnju liniju (LML) površine presjeka okvira.3. The rudder assembly according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the strip of the leading edge (11) of the upper part of the rudder blade (10) and the strip of the leading edge (21) of the lower part of the rudder blade (20) are moved to the side towards to the port side of the ship (BB) and to the starboard side of the ship (SB) in relation to the longitudinal center line (LML) and in such a way that they in relation to the center line (M2), which is drawn through the laterally shifted areas of the leading edge strips, passes at an angle a which is at least 3° to 10°, which can be higher, preferably 8°, in relation to the longitudinal center line (LML) of the cross-sectional area of the frame.
4. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 3, naznačen time što predjeli bočne stijenke (18,28), koje imaju plosnate lučno zakrivljene plohe koje leže na lijevoj strani broda (BB) i na desnoj strani broda (SB) gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10, 20), imaju malu duljinu (L4) u odnosu na duljinu (L5) jako lučno zakrivljenih predjela bočnih stijenki (19, 29) gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10, 20), koje stijenke imaju oblik luka i koje leže na desnoj strani broda (SB) i na lijevoj strani broda (BB).4. The rudder assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side wall sections (18, 28), which have flat arcuate surfaces lying on the left side of the ship (BB) and on the right side of the ship (SB) of the upper and lower parts of the rudder blade (10, 20), have a small length (L4) compared to the length (L5) of the strongly curved parts of the side walls (19, 29) of the upper and lower parts of the rudder blade (10, 20), which walls they have the shape of an arch and lie on the right side of the ship (SB) and on the left side of the ship (BB).
5. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 4, naznačen time što je duljina luka (BL1) predjela bočne stijenke (19,29), koji je lučno jako zakrivljen, gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10, 20) veća od duljine luka (BL) predjela bočne stijenke (18, 28) koja se prostire plosnato u obliku luka gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10, 20), tako da su prelazni predjeli (OBI) predjela bočne stijenke (19, 29), koji je lučno jako zakrivljen, gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10, 20) u odnosu na predjele bočnih stijenki (17, 27) koji pravocrtno prilaze prema krajnjem rubu (15) i prelazni predjeli (UB) predjela bočne stijenke (18, 28) koja se prostiru plosnato u obliku luka gornjeg i donjeg predjela lista kormila (10,20) koji idu pravocrtno prema krajnjem rubu (15), pomaknuti u odnosu na krajnji rub (15).5. The rudder assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length of the arc (BL1) of the side wall section (19,29), which is highly curved in an arc, of the upper and lower sections of the rudder blade (10, 20) greater than the arc length (BL) of the side wall area (18, 28) which extends flat in the form of an arc of the upper and lower areas of the rudder leaf (10, 20), so that the transition areas (OBI) of the side wall area (19, 29) , which is strongly curved in an arc, of the upper and lower parts of the rudder blade (10, 20) in relation to the parts of the side walls (17, 27) that approach in a straight line towards the end edge (15) and the transition parts (UB) of the part of the side wall (18, 28) which extend flat in the form of an arc of the upper and lower parts of the rudder leaf (10,20) which go straight towards the end edge (15), moved in relation to the end edge (15).
6. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 5, naznačen time što je promjer otvora (105) odnosno provrta na gornjem predjelu lista kormila (10), koji služi za prihvaćanje cijevi za prihvat osovine kormila (120) nešto manji u odnosu na najveću debljinu profila (PD) predjela lista kormila (10).6. The rudder assembly in accordance with one of patent claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the diameter of the opening (105) or the hole in the upper part of the rudder leaf (10), which serves to accept the tube for accepting the rudder shaft (120) is slightly smaller in in relation to the largest profile thickness (PD) of the rudder blade area (10).
7. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 6, naznačen time što je brid koji je okrenut prema kormilu (115) odnosno traka vodećeg ruba (11, 21) lista kormila (100) u odnosu na brid koji je okrenut na suprotnu stranu od propelera (115) odnosno krajnji rub (15) postavljen koso pod kutom p od najmanje 5° odnosno 10°.7. The rudder assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the edge facing the rudder (115) or the strip of the leading edge (11, 21) of the rudder blade (100) is in relation to the edge facing away the opposite side from the propeller (115) or the end edge (15) placed obliquely at an angle p of at least 5° or 10°.
8. Sklop kormila u skladu s jednim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 7, naznačen time što limovi za vođenje (200, 201), koji su postavljeni u prelaznom predjelu obiju bočno razmještenih predjela (A1, A2) obiju predjela lista kormila (10, 20) koji leže jedan iznad drugog i koji su oblikovani u skladu s lučnom progresijom vodećih rubnih traka (11, 21), imaju zakrivljen izduženi profil, pri čemu svaki od dvaju limova za vođenje (200, 201) leži u području trake vodećeg ruba s jednim predjelom (200b, 201b) koji je okrenut prema trakama vodećeg ruba (11, 21) i integralna je komponenta trake vodećeg ruba, i snabdjeven je s predjelom koji ima oblik trake (200c, 201c), koji naliježe na bočnu stijenku kormila ili je u nju ugrađen, pri čemu predjeli (200b, 201b) dvaju limova za vođenje (200, 201) koji leže u predjelu traka vodećih rubova (11, 21) imaju oblik kape (200a, 201a), pri čemu bočna stijenkana lijevom boku broda gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) ima lim za vođenje (200), a bočna stijenka na lijevom boku broda gornjeg predjela lista kormila (20) ima lim za vođenje (201), pri čemu su limovi za vođenje (200, 201) u prelaznom području gornjeg predjela lista kormila (10) i donjeg predjela lista kormila (20) postavljeni na takav način da predjeli koji imaju oblik trake (200c, 201c) leže na bočnim stijenkama lista kormila i prekrivaju prelazni predio, pri čemu predio (200b, 201b) limova za vođenje (200, 201), koji je okrenut prema propeleru (115), leži u predjelu traka vodećih rubova (11, 21).8. The rudder assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the guide sheets (200, 201), which are placed in the transition area of both laterally arranged areas (A1, A2) of both areas of the rudder blade (10, 20) ) which lie one above the other and which are shaped in accordance with the arc progression of the leading edge strips (11, 21), have a curved elongated profile, whereby each of the two guide sheets (200, 201) lies in the region of the leading edge strip with one a region (200b, 201b) which faces the leading edge strips (11, 21) and is an integral component of the leading edge strip, and is provided with a strip-shaped section (200c, 201c), which rests on the side wall of the rudder or is in it is installed, whereby the areas (200b, 201b) of the two guide sheets (200, 201) that lie in the area of the strips of the leading edges (11, 21) have the shape of a cap (200a, 201a), where the side wall on the port side of the upper part the rudder sheet (10) has a guide sheet (200), and the side wall on the left on the ship's side, the upper section of the rudder sheet (20) has a guide sheet (201), whereby the guide sheets (200, 201) in the transitional area of the upper section of the rudder sheet (10) and the lower section of the rudder sheet (20) are placed on such such that the regions having the shape of a strip (200c, 201c) lie on the side walls of the rudder blade and cover the transition region, whereby the region (200b, 201b) of the guide sheets (200, 201), which faces the propeller (115), lies in the area of the leading edge strips (11, 21).