JP4901843B2 - Rudder arrangement for ships with high speed due to cavitation-reducing torsion rudder, especially all-balanced rudder - Google Patents

Abstract

The rudder comprises a rudder blade (100) and a propeller, where the rudder blade has two rudder blade sections (10,20). An upper front leading edge (11) is off-set towards port-side or starboard. A lower front leading edge (21) is off-set towards starboard or port-side. The lower front leading edge has an offset surface on the starboard side, which protrudes over the upper front leading edge. A flow element (41) is provided in an area of each offset surface formed to fit the size of the offset surface, where the flow element covers the offset surface.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cavitation-reducing torsional rudder according to the superordinate concept of claim 1, and more particularly to a rudder arrangement for a ship having a high speed with a total balance rudder.

  A boat rudder such as a full balance rudder with or without articulated fins or a balanced contour rudder is known in the most various embodiments. A ship rudder with a twisted rudder blade is well known, this rudder blade consists of two overlapping rudder parts, the leading edge of the rudder blade directed to the propeller has one leading edge offset to the port, the other In the form that the leading edge of the side is offset to the starboard side, it is offset sideways.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-30896 (Patent Document 1) describes a marine rudder equipped with a torsion rudder blade composed of an upper part and a lower part. The regions that twist in their direction toward the propeller in a biased manner and extend to the trailing edge have the same cross-sectional shape and the same cross-sectional dimensions.

  GB 332082 also discloses a torsional rudder where the contour area, i.e. the leading edge, of the rudder blade directed towards the propeller is exposed laterally, whereby the leading edge tapers conically. A rudder for a ship provided with a blade is disclosed. The cross-sectional shape of the two rudder blade parts is configured in such a way that the side wall surfaces arranged on the port and starboard side of the two rudder blade parts are not arched straight to the bent edge in the lateral direction. So, the side wall surface does not have any area that is arced outwards with different bend radii. In addition, because of the profile configuration of the rudder blade, the two cross sections of the two overlapping rudder blade parts have the same dimensions and extend over the entire height of the rudder blade. A conical tapered edge is configured so that sharp edge notches are subject to cavitation and fracture. Thrust improvement should be achieved with this rudder profile.

    Recent ship speeds are constantly increasing. The rapid flow rate associated with the higher speed results in higher stress on the propeller and rudder. The known rudder blade symmetry creates a negative pressure region in the rudder blade that causes cavitation and thereby erosion. Cavitation occurs at multiple points where the rudder blade flow is extremely accelerated. This causes a strong rotating flow of the propeller to collide with the rudder blade surface at a speed. Due to this strong acceleration, the static pressure drops under the vapor pressure of water, so that the vapor bubbles suddenly break down. These implosions result in rudder blade surface destruction that results in expensive repairs and often new rudder blades must be installed.

JP 58-30896 A British Patent No. 332082

  The object of the present invention is to avoid the erosion phenomenon in the rudder blade due to the occurrence of cavitation, especially when it is used in a high-speed ship by a high-loaded propeller, and a trunk tube provided with a rudder post bearing and inserted into the rudder blade Rudder blades that guide the rudder force directly to the ship's hull over the bottom integrated net bearing, so that the introduction of force occurs in the cantilever guard as a pure bending stress without torsional moment, and has large or very large dimensions, In particular, to create a rudder arrangement for a ship with an all-balanced rudder blade with a twisted rudder leading edge. Furthermore, the forces acting on the lower rudder blades generated by propeller outflows with very high flow rates should be absorbed and the rudder blades should be balanced without causing damage to the rudder post bearings It is. Furthermore, the torsional area of the rudder blade should have a closed transition.

  This object is achieved by a rudder arrangement according to the type described in the introduction with the functional cooperation of a special rudder post bearing with the characteristics indicated in claim 1 and a torsionally balanced rudder blade.

Therefore, the rudder arrangement according to the present invention is
A rudder blade (100) provided with a cavitation-reducing torsion rudder and set close to a propeller (115) disposed on a driveable shaft (PA) set on the rudder blade and coupled to the rudder blade (100) In a rudder arrangement (200) for a high-speed vessel consisting of a rudder post (140)
a) It consists of a rudder blade (100) having a slim contour with a thin contour thickness and formed by two overlappingly arranged rudder blade parts (10, 20), the tip of the rudder blade part As for the edges (11, 21), the leading edge (11) of the upper rudder blade part is offset to the port side (BB) or starboard (SB), and the leading edge (21) of the lower rudder blade part is offset to the rudder blade (100 ) Of the vertical center line (LML) in the lateral direction on the starboard (SB) or on the port (BB), and the side wall surfaces (12, 13; 22, 23) are converged on one trailing edge (15) that is distant from the propeller (115),
a1) From the upper region (OB) to the lower upper region (UB) of the rudder blade (100) due to the reduction of the cross section (30) at both the leading edges (11, 21) and the rear edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade part Tapering into a cone,
a2) or the rear end edge (15) is straight and parallel to the rudder post (140), and both front end edges (11, 21) are changed from the upper region (OB) to the lower region (30) due to the reduction of the cross section (30). UB) tapering into a conical shape,
a3) The cross section (31) between the upper rudder blade portion (10) and the lower rudder blade portion (20) is between the rear edge (15) of the rudder blade (100) and the maximum contour thickness (PD). Between the maximum profile thickness (PD) and the leading edge (11, 21) of the rudder blade (100) of the cross section (32) of the upper rudder blade part (10) and lower rudder blade part (20) Having a length (L) that is 1.5 times or more ( L ≧ [1 + 1/2] L1 ) of the length ( L1 ) of
a4) The upper rudder blade part (10) has a port side (BB), the lower rudder blade part (20) has a starboard (SB), and each has a gently curved side wall part (18, 28). A length (L2) extending in a direction from the leading edge (11, 21) to the rear edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade part is provided, and the length (L2) is the vertical rudder blade of the side wall part (18). The length (L′ 2) from the leading edge (11, 21) of the portion to the maximum contour thickness (PD) is a length that is more than half of the length (L′ 2) (≧ 1 / 2L′2) (L ″ 2) is added, and the straight side wall portion (16, 26) extending to the rear edge (15) continues to the gently bent side wall portion (18, 28),
a5) The upper rudder blade part (10) is on the starboard (SB), the lower rudder blade part (20) is on the port side (BB), and each side wall part (19, 29) is bent in a strong arch shape. ) Has a length (L3) extending in the direction from the leading edge (11, 21) to the trailing edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade portion, and the length (L3) is the leading edge of the side wall portion (19). The length (L′ 3) from (11, 21) to the maximum contour thickness (PD) is 1/3 or more of the length (L′ 3) (L ″ 3 ≧ 1 / 3L′3) (L ″ 3) is added, and the straight side wall portion (17, 27) extending to the rear edge (15) continues to the strongly arcuate side wall portion (19, 29),
a6) symmetrically with both straight side wall portions (16; 17; 26,27) having the same length and cross-sectional portion arranged in pairs between the two side wall portions (16; 17; 26,27) And configured with the same dimensions,
a7) The distance between the gently curved side wall portion (18; 28) and the longitudinal center line (LML) is larger than the distance between the strongly curved side wall portion (19; 29) and the longitudinal center line (LML); A cross-sectional portion disposed between two curved side wall portions (18; 28) is configured asymmetrically on both sides of a longitudinal centerline (LML);
a8) Two guide plates (200, 201) which form a flow body formed in conformity with the curved course of the leading edge (11, 21) of the vertical rudder blade part and cover the offset region are arranged in an overlapping manner. The guide blades are arranged in the transition areas of the two laterally offset parts of the rudder blade part (10, 20), these guide plates are advantageous for flow and have a slightly long profile arched on the outer wall of the rudder blade Or it has a hemispherical outline, one guide plate (200) extends from the tip edge (11) of the upper rudder blade portion (10) to its side wall, and the other guide plate (201) is the lower rudder blade portion ( 20) extends from the tip edge (21) to its side wall,
b) comprising a rudder post (140) functionally cooperating with the rudder blade (100) and provided with bearings;
b1) The rudder post (140) is placed in the region of large contour thickness (PD) or between this region and the tip edge of the upper rudder blade part (10) together with the trunk tube (120) containing the rudder post. Extending over the entire height of the upper rudder blade part (10) with an end-side fixing device (145),
b2) The trunk tube (120) inserted deeply into the upper rudder blade portion (10) is provided on the rudder post (140) as a cantilever guard having a central internal vertical hole (125) for receiving the rudder post (140). ,
b3) The trunk tube cross section is constituted by a thin wall, the trunk tube (120) has a neck bearing (130) in the region of the free end that supports the rudder post (140) on its inner wall;
b4) The rudder post (140) is guided to the end region (140b) by the part (140a) other than the trunk tube (120) and connected to the end of this part (140a) with the upper rudder blade part (10). It is characterized by being.

  Surprisingly, the twisted rudder blade as a total balance rudder with a thin profile thickness and the configuration of the rudder post bearing in the large profile thickness area of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade, the lower rudder blade Because the part gets a narrow profile, this rudder blade can be implemented simply by the functional cooperation of the rudder blade positioning and the twisted rudder blade, regardless of the high speed of the propeller spill impinging on the rudder blade without additional support force However, this is not possible with other rudder blade configurations or rudder post bearings.

  According to the invention, a rudder arrangement is created, i.e. formed from two components, a twisted rudder blade, and a rudder post supported in a special way and cooperating with the rudder blade. This rudder blade arrangement is a technical solution that was a surprising discovery for building large and very large all-balance rudder blades. Trunk tube inserted deeply into the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade is introduced into the ship hull over the neck bearing in a direct manner with rudder force, and the neck bearing is integrated in the lower region of the upper rudder blade part . The introduction of force is generated as a cantilever guard, so as a pure bending stress without a moment. Therefore, the trunk tube cross-section can be composed of a relatively thin wall. These thin walls are very important because the lower part of the trunk tube is placed in the rudder blade, i.e. the upper rudder blade part, and thus has a direct influence on the profile thickness of the rudder blade. is there. Only a slim rudder profile, and hence a low profile thickness, can efficiently form an energy structure on the rudder blade, because the thicker the rudder profile, the greater the resistance that is generated in the accelerated flow of propeller water. It is.

  Another advantage of the rudder arrangement of a combination of rudder post bearings and twisted rudder blades is the use of high quality materials. Only with the bearing according to the invention of the rudder post of the upper rudder blade part, high-strength forged steel can be used in a form in which a significant reduction in weight is formed and up to 50% of the conventional rudder with the same power.

  Another significant advantage of the rudder arrangement with the combination of rudder post bearings is that this type of bearing integrated into the rudder blade, ie the upper rudder blade part, allows the construction of a fully balanced rudder or spade rudder, ie in practice limited It is to be formed in a size that is not. A conventional rudder is semi-balanced by a rudder alarm or rudder support. Such a difficult mechanical structure can never be twisted at the leading edge because the fixed rudder alarm and the rudder blade rotating around this alarm cannot be freely molded. The rudder blade internal forces and moments that occur for such a semi-balanced rudder are more unevenly larger for a full-balanced rudder with a rudder post bearing according to the invention. A significant twist of the leading edge towards the propeller of the rudder blade signifies a significantly structurally uneconomic measure, i.e. a significantly thicker profile.

  Another advantage is that only the bearings of the rudder post can be formed as a structure meaning that there is no longer a slit between the rudder alarms that are required for the entire balance rudder to date and the rudder blades. Therefore, cross flow through these slits is avoided and extremely severe cavitation erosion is also avoided.

  In addition to this, because of the arrangement according to the invention of the rudder arrangement, the rudder trunk, preferably made of forged steel, is extended to the rudder blade, ie the upper rudder blade part, but only by the lower neck bearing. Also, since a rudder post formed from a forged piece as a hub is connected to a rudder approaching the fluid center, only a slight stress is achieved by the bending moment. Generated vibrations can be excluded by this configuration.

  Due to the slim rudder profile, the low profile thickness of the rudder blade balances the rudder blade without any special stress in the rudder post bearing with respect to the high pressure of propeller outflow impinging on the lower rudder blade part at very high speed Can be made.

  In order to eliminate cavitation in the rudder blade, the leading edge or edge with which the flow impinges is twisted at an angle with a contour according to the invention divided into upper and lower halves. The angle between the propeller following flow and the center of the hull predetermines the angle of twist, thereby twisting the contour leading edge. With this new contour selection, propeller turbulence flows better along the rudder blade and does not generate any pressure peaks at the rudder blade contour that increase cavitation. The improved flow around the rudder results in a significant fuel economy and improved mobility.

  The arrangement of the guide plates in the transition region of the offset portion of the two overlapping rudder blade portions creates a flow-friendly contour and thus avoids cavitation appearing in these transition regions. This is because “guide plates” configured in a flow body type are configured in such a way that they cover the transition region between the two leading edges. Therefore, the guide plate is supported by and covers the offset region of the rudder blade portion, so that water flows along the guide plate instead of along the offset region. Therefore, the risk of flow vortices is reduced. Therefore, the guide plate or its movement constitutes a lateral bridge or cover over the transition region between the upper and lower rudder blade portions. Here, the term “cover” is understood to mean that the guide plate of the flow body covers an offset area to a very large extent.

  A rudder constructed according to the present invention with a twisted rudder blade portion is beneficial and is configured to be flowed by a guide plate that is configured and placed only locally in the offset region and that covers the offset region and completes into a flow body. The risk of tearing is reduced so that the fluid body type guide plate does not have any influence on the propulsion behavior of the ship due to its relatively small size at the same time. Hence, the “propulsion neutral effect” regulates itself.

  Useful features of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

  Therefore, the present invention is such that the fixed plate is placed between the upper rudder blade portion and the lower rudder blade portion, which is firmly connected to the rudder blade portion, so that the fixed plate is symmetrical on both sides of the longitudinal center line LML. A rudder arrangement having a general cross-section, a contour and dimensions including a bottom plate of an upper rudder blade portion and a cover plate of a lower rudder blade portion is provided.

  Another configuration of the invention is that the centerline M2 drawn through the laterally offset leading edge extends at an angle α of at least 3 ° to 10 °, however, it is larger, preferably 8 °. The leading edge of the upper rudder blade part and the leading edge of the lower rudder blade part are offset laterally to the port BB and starboard SB with respect to the longitudinal center line LML in a form extending to the longitudinal center line LML of the cross section of the frame. Provide that.

  Furthermore, the configuration according to the present invention has a strong arched shape in which the side wall portion bent in the arch shape disposed on the port BB and starboard SB of the vertical rudder blade portion is disposed on the starboard SB and port BB of the vertical rudder blade portion. The length L4 is shorter than the length of the curved side wall portion.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the curved length BL1 of the side wall portion bent strongly in the arch shape of the vertical rudder blade portion is considerably larger than the curved length BL of the side wall portion bent flat in the vertical rudder blade portion. Therefore, the transition area UB1 of the side wall portion bent strongly in the arch shape of the vertical rudder blade portion is offset from the side wall portion extending linearly to the rear edge, and the side wall portion bent in a flat arch shape of the vertical rudder blade portion In the direction of the trailing edge, the transition region UB is offset to the side wall portion that extends straight to the trailing edge.

FIG. 4 shows a lateral view of a rudder arrangement consisting of a twisted fully balanced rudder blade with an upper and lower rudder blade part and a rudder post supported on the upper rudder blade part. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a twisted rudder blade in a rudder arrangement. Fig. 4 shows a schematic skeleton representation of a twisted rudder blade with a removed outer plate and a number of plate-like frames of two rudder blade portions. Fig. 4 shows a plate-like frame of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows a plate-like frame of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows a plate-like frame of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows a plate-like frame of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to Fig. 3. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged illustration of a plate-like frame of the lower rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 4 shows a plate-like frame of the lower rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of a plate-like frame according to FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of a plate-like frame according to FIG. 4 with an indication of the distance of the side edge region with respect to the longitudinal center line of the frame. Fig. 5 shows a skeleton representation of another embodiment of a twisted fully balanced rudder blade with several plate frames placed on the upper rudder blade portion and the lower rudder blade portion. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of the four plate-like frames of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 with an opening for receiving the trunk tube for the rudder post. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of the four plate-like frames of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 with an opening for receiving the trunk tube for the rudder post. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of the four plate-like frames of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 with an opening for receiving the trunk tube for the rudder post. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of the four plate-like frames of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 with an opening for receiving the trunk tube for the rudder post. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the lower rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 as seen from above the three plate-like frames. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the lower rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 as seen from above the three plate-like frames. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the lower rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 as seen from above the three plate-like frames. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of the cover plate of the upper rudder blade part of the rudder blade according to FIG. 7 with an opening for receiving the trunk tube for the rudder post. Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view from above of a twisted rudder blade of the rudder arrangement according to Fig. 7; A fixed plate placed between the upper and lower rudder blade portions of the rudder arrangement according to FIG. 7 with contours and dimensions that encompass the contours and dimensions of the bottom plate of the upper rudder blade portion and the cover plate of the lower rudder blade portion. The enlarged view seen from the top is shown. A front view of a twisted rudder blade is shown. Fig. 3 shows a lateral view of a rudder blade with a rudder blade edge extending in an inclined manner on the propeller side. The figure seen from the cross-sectional outline of the frame of the upper rudder blade of another Example is shown. Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section of a rudder post with a trunk tube placed on the upper rudder blade part for the rudder post. FIG. 4 shows a schematic view seen from below of a twisted rudder blade with a fluid body type guide plate in the offset region of the two rudder blade parts of the rudder. FIG. 17 shows a side view of the rudder according to FIG. 16. FIG. 17 shows a rear view of the rudder according to FIG. 16. Fig. 17 shows a schematic front view of the rudder according to Fig. 16; Fig. 17 shows a schematic side view of the rudder according to Fig. 16; Fig. 17 shows a schematic front view of the rudder according to Fig. 16; FIG. 17 shows a view of the rudder according to FIG. 16 viewed from the front of the leading edge of the rudder blade with an S-shaped arrangement guide plate. FIG. 17 shows a view from below the rudder according to FIG. 16. FIG. 6 shows a schematic view from below of a twisted rudder blade with a guide plate that completes in a hemispherical flow in the offset region of the two rudder blade parts of the rudder.

  Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings.

  The rudder arrangement 200 according to the present invention achieves the object of the present invention, i.e. preferably a total balance rudder, comprising a twisted rudder blade 100 and a rudder post 140 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14) supported in the upper region. It consists of two functionally synergistic components.

  For the rudder arrangement 200 displayed in FIG. 1, 110 indicates the hull of the ship, 120 indicates the trunk tube that receives the rudder post 140, and 100 indicates the rudder blade. A propeller 115 is installed on the rudder blade 100. The propeller axis is indicated by PA.

  The rudder blade 100 according to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 7 comprises two rudder blade parts 10, 20 arranged one on top of the other, with their leading edges 11, 21 facing the propeller 115, and the tip of the upper rudder blade part 10. The edge 11 is on the starboard BB, and the leading edge 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 is offset on the starboard SB in the lateral direction with respect to the longitudinal center line LML of the rudder blade 100 (FIGS. 4, 4A, 4B and 4C; 4D, 4E and 13). The lateral deviation of the leading edges 11, 21 can be achieved such that the leading edge 11 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 is offset to the port side BB and the leading edge 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 is offset to the starboard SB. Both the side wall surfaces 12, 13 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the side wall surfaces 22, 23 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 are formed in an arc shape in the direction of the trailing edge 15 facing away from the propeller 115, and inserted straight side walls Parts 16, 17 and 26, 27 end at the trailing edge 15. Both rudder blade portions 10 and 20 have a common rear edge 15 and each rudder blade portion 10 and 20 has leading edges 11 and 21 so that a twisted shape is achieved by the laterally offset portions.

  The rudder arrangement 200 preferably consists of a fully balanced rudder, however, differently configured rudders can be used as long as they are suitable for being equipped with twisted rudder blades, and the advantages of the rudder blade arrangement according to the invention Is achieved. The two rudder blade portions 10, 20 arranged in an overlapping manner have the same height or unequal height. Preferably, the lower rudder blade portion 20 has a lower height than the upper rudder blade portion so that the height of the upper rudder blade portion 10 corresponds to 1½ of the height of the lower rudder blade portion 20. The leading edges 11 and 21 of the two rudder blade portions 10 and 20 are formed in a hemispherical shape that is curved.

  The rudder blade 100 has leading edges 11 and 21 extending downward in a conical shape, and the rear edge 15 is straight and parallel to the rudder post 140 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3). This is because the conical course of the leading edges 11, 21 of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20 has the same contour configuration as that of the upper rudder blade part 10 and the lower rudder in the cross section 30 of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20. Since the rudder blade 100 for the same contour configuration of the blade part 20 can be reduced from the upper region OB to the lower region UB, the downwardly extending slim profile with a low contour thickness in the lower region can be reduced by reducing the cross section 30 in particular. Obtained by the course of the side wall surfaces 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the rudder blade portions 10, 20. The low profile thickness of the rudder blade 100 is further an essential feature of the present invention.

  13 shows the edges or leading edges 11, 21 of the rudder blade 100, the leading edge faces the propeller 115 and is at least 5 °, preferably 10 ° with respect to the trailing edge 15 facing away from the propeller 115. The angle β is oblique.

  The lengths L and L1 of the cross-sectional portions 31 and 32 of the two two rudder blade portions 10 and 20 are configured differently on both sides of the maximum contour thickness PD. The cross section 31 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 in the region between the rear edge 15 of the rudder blade 100 and the maximum contour thickness PD is the large contour thickness PD of the rudder blade 100 and the leading edges 11, 21. A length L greater than the length L1 of the cross-sectional portion 32 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20. This means that the length ratio is preferably 1 · 1/2 with respect to the length L1 (FIG. 5).

  The configuration of the rudder blade is such that the upper rudder blade part 10 of the starboard BB and the lower rudder blade part 20 of the starboard SB each extend from the leading edge 11, 21 in the direction of the rear edge 15 with a length L2 respectively. Having a curved side wall portion 18, 28, the length L2 of which corresponds to at least one third of the length L′ 2 plus the length L′ 2 plus the leading edge 11, with respect to the maximum profile thickness PD, The straight side wall portion 16, which coincides with the length L ′ 2 of the 21 side wall portions 18 and ends at the trailing edge 15, continues to the flatly bent side wall portion 28 (FIG. 5).

  Further, the upper rudder blade portion 10 was bent in a strong arch shape extending from the leading edges 11 and 21 in the direction of the rear edge 15 having one length L3 on the starboard SB and the lower rudder blade portion on the port BB, respectively. In addition to the length L′ 3 having the side wall portions 19 and 29 and the length L3 corresponding to at least one third of the length L′ 3, the side wall portion 19 from the leading edge 11 or 21 to the maximum contour thickness PD. Is equal to the length L′ 3. The straight side wall portions 17, 27 ending at the trailing edge 15 continue to the strongly arcuate side wall portions 19, 29 (FIG. 5, reference numeral 40).

  Due to this configuration of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20, the side wall parts on both sides have a descending course from the leading edges 11, 21 and from the trailing edge 15 in the direction of the maximum contour thickness PD.

  Since the leading edge 11 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the rear edge 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 are offset laterally with respect to the vertical center line LML with respect to the port BB and starboard SB, the leading edge portion is offset laterally. The drawn center line M2 is arranged at an angle α of at least 3 ° to 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal center line LML of the cross section of the frame, however, it is higher and preferably arranged at an angle α of 8 °.

  In addition, the rudder arrangement comprises a rudder post 140 formed from, in particular, forged steel or other suitable material that is functionally associated with the rudder blade 100, which rudder post is forged steel or other by means of at least one bearing 150. It is supported by a trunk tube 120 formed from a suitable material. The rudder post 140 is placed in and only in the region of the maximum contour thickness PD of the upper rudder blade portion 10 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 15), that is, the maximum contour thickness PD and the longitudinal center line LML (FIG. 5) It is placed at the intersection of the constituent lines. The rudder post 140 extends with the fixing device 145 over the entire height of the upper rudder blade portion 10 of the rudder blade 100. A trunk tube 120 with a rudder post 140 can be arranged for structural reasons in the upper rudder blade part 10 between the maximum profile thickness PD and the leading edges 11, 21.

  A trunk tube 120 drawn deeply in the upper rudder blade portion 10 is provided as a cantilever guard having an inner hole 125 for receiving the rudder post 140 (FIG. 14). The trunk tube 120 is arranged by inserting the trunk tube into an opening 105 sized to match the trunk tube outer diameter of the frame 40 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 (FIGS. 3, 8, 8A, 8B, 8C). Arise.

  The trunk tube 120 is provided as a cantilever guard with a central internal longitudinal hole 125 that receives the rudder post 140 of the rudder blade 100. Further, the trunk tube 120 is configured to penetrate through the rudder blade connected only to the rudder post end only to the upper rudder blade portion 10. The trunk tube 120 has a bearing 150 that supports the rudder post 140 in the inner bore 125, so that the bearing 150 is preferably in the lower end region 120 b of the trunk tube 120. The rudder post 140 is guided by the outer portion 45 of the trunk tube 120 by 140b. If the free lower end of the extension part 145 of the rudder post 140 is firmly connected to the upper rudder blade part 10, however, then a connection is provided here, for example if the propeller shaft is to be replaced, the rudder post 140 The rudder blade 100 can be loosened. Since the connection between the torsion rudder blade 100 and the rudder post 140 in the area 170 is arranged on the propeller shaft PD, only the rudder blade 100 has to be removed from the rudder post 140 in order to disassemble the propeller shaft. Since the free lower end 120b of the trunk tube and the free lower end of the rudder post 140 are disposed on the propeller shaft center, it is not necessary to remove the rudder post 140 from the trunk tube 120 for exchanging the propeller shaft. For the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, a single internal bearing 150 is provided in the trunk tube 120 for the bearing of the rudder post 140, and then the other of the rudder blade 100 on the outer wall of the trunk tube 120. Bearings are required.

  The rudder blade 100 has a taper or a recess for receiving the free lower end 120b of the trunk tube 120.

  The trunk tube 120 has a thin cross-section and has at least one neck bearing 130 in the region of the free end that supports the rudder post 140. Additional bearings are provided at other locations on the trunk tube 120 of the rudder post 140. The rudder post 140 is guided out of the trunk tube 120 in an end region 140b with a portion 140a and is connected to the upper rudder blade portion 10 by the end of this portion 140a (FIG. 14).

  According to FIGS. 3 and 7, the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 are the rudder plate forming the side walls, the horizontal web plate or frame 40, 50 and the vertical web plate or frame constituting the internal reinforcement of the two rudder blades. Consists of. The web board has light weight holes and water channel holes.

  3, 4, 4A, 4B and 4C and 8, 8A, 8B and 8C show all the frames 40 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 of the rudder blade 100, all the frames have the same structure, the same side wall guide and The leading edge 11 and the trailing edge 15 so that the length of the frame is reduced from the top frame to the lowest frame, respectively, so that the cross-sectional dimension of the frame is reduced from top to bottom 11 is inclined with respect to the bottom of the rudder blade 100 (FIG. 1).

  All the frames 50 of the lower rudder blade part 20 have the same structure, leading edge 11 and trailing edge 15 coinciding with the same side wall guide, thereby reducing the length of the frame 50 from the upper frame to the lowest frame, As a result, the cross-sectional dimension of the frame is reduced from the top to the bottom, so that the leading edge 11 is inclined relative to the bottom of the lower rudder blade portion 20.

  Because of this configuration, the leading edges 11, 21 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 are inclined downward, and the rear edge 15 is straight and the rudder post 140 as shown in FIG. Is parallel to the vertical axis.

  Both rudder blade portions 10, 20 can be directly connected to each other. 7 and 11, the two rudder blade portions 10 and 20 are connected by a fixed plate 45. The fixed plate 45 has dimensions and contours including symmetrical cross section portions 46 and 47 on both sides of the longitudinal center line LML, and the bottom plate 42 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the cover plate 41 of the lower rudder blade portion 20. When the upper rudder blade part 10 is set to the fixed plate 45 and the lower rudder blade part 20 is set to the fixed plate 45 from the bottom, the rudder blade parts 10, 20 are set together with a very small edge area. Projecting laterally from (FIGS. 10 and 11). A fixed plate 45 is arranged in the longitudinal center line LML, with a semi-circular rounded part 11 ′ directed towards the propeller and an edge 15 ′ facing away from the propeller towards the rear edge 15 of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20. Have. The side wall surfaces 45a and 45b of the fixed plate 45 have a coincident curvature course.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 10, the lower rudder blade portion 20 continues the fixing plate 45 in the lower region and has a partial cross-sectional configuration of the frame 50 and a structure that matches the cross-sectional configuration of the frame 40, however. The frame 40 is turned by 90 ° about the vertical center line LML.

  According to FIGS. 7, 8, 8A, 8B and 8C, the frames 40 of parts A, B, C and D are the same in terms of contour, however, the cross section of the single frame 40 decreases from top to bottom, The trailing edge 15 is inclined. The part D by the fixing plate 45 continues with the part C. The frame 50 of the parts E, F and G of the lower rudder blade part 20 has the same contour as the contour of the frame 40, however, the side wall comprising the strongly arcuate side wall portion 29 of the frame 40 becomes the port BB. 7 (FIGS. 8D, 8E and 8F), the side wall of the frame 40 with the strongly arched side wall portion 19 of the embodiment of FIG. 7 is located on the starboard SB (FIGS. 8, 8A, 8B and 8C). Since the cross section of the frame 50 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 decreases from the top to the bottom with respect to its length, the leading edge 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 is inclined (FIG. 7).

  The upper cover plate 43 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 having an opening to be introduced into the trunk tube 120 is displayed in FIG. FIG. 10 shows a view from below of a rudder blade 100 comprising both rudder blade portions 10, 20 and frames 40 and 50.

  The opening or hole diameter of the upper rudder blade portion 10 that receives the trunk tube 120 of the rudder post 140 is slightly smaller than the maximum contour thickness PD of the upper rudder blade portion 10. Because of this configuration, a very rudder blade profile is formed.

The configuration and the cross-sectional profile of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20 are such that the side wall parts 18, 28 that are flatly arched of the upper and lower rudder blade parts 10, 20 are strongly arched. The lengths L2 and L′ 2 are shorter than the length L3 of the side wall portions 19 and 29 that are bent in the shape (FIGS. 5 and 6). The distance α of the side wall portion 18 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the distance α1 of the side wall portion 19 with respect to the vertical center line LML are equal. Although the distances α and α1 are always equally large up to the trailing edge 15, the distance decreases in the direction of the trailing edge 15. In the direction of the leading edge 11, the following distance ratio results:
α2 <α3
α4 <α5
α6 <α7
Thereafter, the maximum contour thickness PD continues. In the direction of the leading edge, the following distance ratio results: α8> α9
α10> α11
α12> α13
α14> α15
α16> α17
α18> α19
Thereby, the ratio of the distances α16 to α17 is about 2: 1. FIG. 6 shows that the distances are relative to each other, ie the distances α9, α11, α13, α15, α17, α19 for the opposite distances α8, α10, α12, α14, α16, α18 are significantly reduced in the direction of the leading edge 11. Let This cross-sectional profile with the indicated distance extends through all cross-sections of the upper rudder blade part 10 and through all cross-sections of the lower rudder blade part 20 because all of the upper rudder blade part 10 The cross section is in the case of the cross section of the lower rudder blade part 20, i.e. taking into account the fact that the cross section of the rudder blade 100 or the fact that the frame is tapered from top to bottom with respect to the length and area facing the leading edge. This is because they have the same structure (FIG. 10).

The curved length BL1 of the strongly arcuate side wall portions 19, 29 of the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20 is flattened and arched according to another embodiment according to FIG. Since the curved side wall portions 18, 28 are larger than the curved side wall portions 18, 28, the side wall portions 17 in which the transition areas UB 1 of the strongly arched side wall portions 19, 29 of the rudder blade portions 10, 20 are straight with respect to the trailing edge 15. , 27, the transition area UB of the flat arched side wall portions 18, 28 of the vertical rudder blade portions 10, 20 is straight to the rear edge 15 in the direction of the rear edge 15. The side wall portions 16, 26 are offset so that the transition region UB1 opposite to the transition region UB faces the trailing edge 15. This is because the lengths of the side wall portions 18, 19 and 28, 29 are as follows:
L3 ≧ L2
L'2 <L'3
L4> L′ 4 (FIG. 14)
The legs of the straight side wall portions 16, 17, 26, 27 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 that converge on the trailing edge 15 preferably have the same length, however, unequal length configurations are possible. It is.

  The invention consists of a rudder arrangement in which the twisted rudder blade 100 is provided with fins extending over the two rudder blade parts 10, 20.

  As shown in FIGS. 16 to 23, the guide plates 200 and 201 (deflecting plates) are placed in the transition region of the two laterally offset portions A1 and A2 of the rudder blade portions 10 and 20 in which the two overlappingly arranged rudder blade portions 10 and 20 are arranged. The guide plates are formed in conformity with the curved course of the leading edges 11 and 21 and have a slightly long or hemispherical outline in a flow-preferred arch shape, whereby one guide plate 200 is formed in the upper rudder blade portion. 10 from the leading edge 11 to its side wall, the other guide plate 201 extends from the leading edge 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 to its side wall, and the edges (200d, 201d) with the guide plates facing each other Are connected to each other.

  Both guide plates 200, 201 are completed in a flow body that covers the transition region between the offset regions of the two rudder blade portions 10, 20. Each of the upper rudder blade part 10 and the lower rudder blade part 20 has a belt-like slightly arched guide plate 200 or 201, which is suitable for the outer wall shape of the rudder blade, so that Two guide plates having portions 200b or 201b facing the edges 11, 21 or the propeller 115 are arranged in the region of the leading edge, that is, that is, an integral part of the leading edge, and each guide plate 200 or 201 is It has a rear belt-like part 200c or 201c and is supported on or integrated with the side wall of the rudder (FIGS. 17, 18, 19 and 20). The portions 200b or 201b of the two guide plates 200, 201 are arranged in the region of the leading edges 11, 21 and are approximately semicircular when viewed from the front of the leading edges 11, 21 (FIGS. 16 and 22). The cup-shaped structures 200a and 201a have a shape such that the cup-shaped structures 200b and 201b are offset from the port BB and the starboard SB like the leading edges 11 and 21 (FIG. 22).

  Both cup-shaped configurations 200b, 201b together form two cone halves 200'b, 201'b that abut the base side. Therefore, the starboard side wall of the upper rudder blade portion 10, the guide plate 200, and the starboard side wall of the lower rudder blade portion 20 have the guide plate 201, so that the guide plates 200, 201 have their belt-like and pad-type components 200, 201c is disposed on the side wall of the rudder blade, and portions 200b and 201b facing the propeller 115 are disposed in the region of the leading edges 11 and 21 therebetween.

  The portions 200b and 201b arranged in the region of the two leading edges 11 and 21 are welded together with the edges 200d and 201d and the leading edges 11 and 21 facing each other (FIG. 22).

  For the embodiment according to FIG. 24, a guide plate 210 as a flow body configured in a hemispherical shape is provided in the offset region of the two rudder blade portions 10, 20.

  The rudder arrangement according to the invention is characterized by the features indicated in the claims, by the embodiments described in the specification and by the embodiments represented in the figures and drawings. The guide plates 200, 201 and 210, which are located in the offset region of the two rudder blade parts 10, 20, have the configuration described in the specification and represented in the figures, and are the subject of this invention and the rudder blade configuration. .

10. . . . . Upper rudder blade part 11. . . . . Leading edge 15. . . . . Trailing edge 20. . . . . Lower rudder blade part 21. . . . . Leading edge 100. . . . Rudder blade 115. . . . Propeller 120. . . . Trunk tube 140. . . . Rudder post 145. . . . Fixing device 200, 201. . . Guide plate

Claims (8)

A rudder blade (100) provided with a cavitation-reducing torsional rudder, set close to a propeller (115) set on a rudder blade and arranged on a driveable shaft (PA), and connected to the rudder blade (100) In a rudder arrangement (200) for a high-speed vessel consisting of a rudder post (140)
a) It consists of a rudder blade (100) having a slim contour with a thin contour thickness and formed from two overlappingly arranged rudder blade parts (10, 20), the tip of the rudder blade part As for the edges (11, 21), the leading edge (11) of the upper rudder blade part is offset to the port side (BB) or starboard (SB), and the leading edge (21) of the lower rudder blade part is offset to the rudder blade (100 ) Of the vertical center line (LML) in the lateral direction on the starboard (SB) or on the port (BB), and the side wall surfaces (12, 13; 22, 23) are converged on one trailing edge (15) that is distant from the propeller (115),
a1) Both the leading edge (11, 21) and the trailing edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade part are reduced from the cross section (30) from the upper region (OB) to the lower upper region (UB) of the rudder blade (100). Tapering into a cone,
a2) or the rear end edge (15) is straight and parallel to the rudder post (140), and both front end edges (11, 21) are changed from the upper region (OB) to the lower region (30) due to the reduction of the cross section (30). UB) tapering into a conical shape,
a3) The cross section (31) between the upper rudder blade portion (10) and the lower rudder blade portion (20) is between the rear edge (15) of the rudder blade (100) and the maximum contour thickness (PD). in the region, Uekaji blade section (10) and Shitakaji maximum contour thickness of the rudder blade of the cross-section portion of the blade portion (20) (32) (100) (PD) and the previous edge (11, 21) Having a length (L) that is at least 1.5 times the length (L1) between them ( L ≧ [1 + 1/2] L1 ),
a4) The upper rudder blade part (10) has on the port side (BB), the lower rudder blade part (20) has on the starboard (SB), and each has one flat and bent side wall part (18, 28). A length (L2) extending in a direction from the leading edge (11, 21) to the rear edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade part is provided, and the length (L2) is the vertical rudder blade of the side wall part (18). The length (L′ 2) (L ″) which is more than half of the length (L′ 2) from the leading edge (11, 21) of the portion to the maximum contour thickness (PD) (L′ 2) 2 ≧ 1 / 2L′2), a straight side wall portion (16, 26) extending to the rear edge (15) continues to a flatly bent side wall portion (18, 28),
a5) The upper rudder blade part (10) is on the starboard (SB), the lower rudder blade part (20) is on the port side (BB), and each side wall part (19, 29) is bent in a strong arch shape. ) Has a length (L3) extending in the direction from the leading edge (11, 21) to the trailing edge (15) of the vertical rudder blade portion, and the length (L3) is the vertical length of the side wall portion (19). The length (L "3) which is 1/3 or more of the length (L'3) from the leading edge (11, 21) of the rudder blade portion to the maximum contour thickness (PD) (L'3) ) (L ″ 3 ≧ 1 / 3L′3) is added, and the side wall portions (19, 29) in which the straight side wall portions (17, 27) extending to the rear end edge (15) are strongly bent in an arch shape To continue
a6) symmetrically with both straight side wall portions (16; 17; 26,27) having the same length and cross-sectional portion arranged in pairs between the two side wall portions (16; 17; 26,27) And configured with the same dimensions,
a7) The distance between the gently curved side wall portion (18; 28) and the longitudinal center line (LML) is larger than the distance between the strongly curved side wall portion (19; 29) and the longitudinal center line (LML); A cross-sectional portion disposed between two curved side wall portions (18; 28) is configured asymmetrically on both sides of a longitudinal centerline (LML);
a8) Two guide plates (200, 201) which form a flow body formed in conformity with the curved course of the leading edge (11, 21) of the vertical rudder blade part and cover the offset region are arranged in an overlapping manner. The guide blades are arranged in the transition areas of the two laterally offset parts of the rudder blade part (10, 20), these guide plates are advantageous for flow and have a slightly long profile arched on the outer wall of the rudder blade Or it has a hemispherical outline, one guide plate (200) extends from the tip edge (11) of the upper rudder blade portion (10) to its side wall, and the other guide plate (201) is the lower rudder blade portion ( 20) extends from the tip edge (21) to its side wall,
b) comprising a rudder post (140) functionally cooperating with the rudder blade (100) and provided with bearings;
b1) The rudder post (140) is placed in the region of large contour thickness (PD) or between this region and the tip edge of the upper rudder blade part (10) together with the trunk tube (120) containing the rudder post. Extending over the entire height of the upper rudder blade part (10) with an end-side fixing device (145),
b2) The trunk tube (120) inserted deeply into the upper rudder blade portion (10) is provided on the rudder post (140) as a cantilever guard having a central internal vertical hole (125) for receiving the rudder post (140). ,
b3) The trunk tube cross section is constituted by a thin wall, the trunk tube (120) has a neck bearing (130) in the region of the free end that supports the rudder post (140) on its inner wall;
b4) The rudder post (140) is guided to the end region (140b) by the part (140a) other than the trunk tube (120) and connected to the end of this part (140a) with the upper rudder blade part (10). Rudder arrangement characterized by   The fixed plate (45) is disposed between the upper rudder blade portion (10) and the lower rudder blade portion (20), and is firmly connected to the rudder blade portion (10, 20). It includes symmetrical cross sections (46, 47) on both sides of the center line (LML), a bottom plate (42) of the upper rudder blade portion (10), and a cover plate (41) of the lower rudder blade portion (20). A rudder arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a surface contour and dimensions. The upper edge (11) of the upper rudder blade part (10) and the upper edge (21) of the lower rudder blade part (20) are laterally offset to the port side (BB) and starboard side (SB) with respect to the longitudinal center line (LML). Te, extends to laterally offset the above edge portions through it drawn centerlines (M2) is the frame of the cross-section of the longitudinal center line at an angle α from 3 ° to 10 ° (LML) The rudder arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The side wall portions (18, 28) bent in an arch shape disposed on the port (BB) and starboard (SB) of the vertical rudder blade portion (10, 20) are the starboard (SB) of the vertical rudder blade portion (10, 20). 3) and a length (L4) shorter than the length (L5) of the strongly arched side wall portions (19, 29) arranged on the port (BB). The rudder arrangement according to any one of the above. The curved length (BL1) of the side wall portions (19, 29) of the vertically rudder blade portion (10, 20) that is strongly curved in an arch shape is gently bent into an arch shape of the vertical rudder blade portion (10, 20). The transition region (UB1) of the strongly arcuated side wall portions (19, 29) of the upper and lower rudder blade portions (10, 20) is much larger than the curved length (BL) of the side wall portions (18, 28). ) Is offset from the side wall portion (17, 27) extending linearly at the rear edge (15), and the side wall portion (18, 28) of the gently arched portion of the vertical rudder blade portion (10, 20) is bent. according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the offset to the side wall portions (16, 26) extending in a straight line to the trailing edge in the direction of the transition region (UB) is the rear edge (15) Rudder array.   The opening (105) in the upper rudder blade part (10) receiving the trunk tube (120), i.e. the hole diameter, is slightly smaller than the maximum profile thickness (PD) of the rudder blade part (10). The rudder arrangement according to any one of 1 to 5.   An angle β (5 ° or more with respect to the edge of the rudder blade (100) or the leading edge (11, 21) facing the propeller (115) away from the propeller (115), ie, the rear edge (15). The rudder arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the rudder arrangement is inclined at β ≧ 5 °. A guide plate (200, 201) is placed in the transition region of the two laterally offset parts (A1, A2) of the two overlappingly arranged rudder blade parts (10, 20) and the leading edge (11, 21) two guides which are formed in accordance with the curved course of 21) and whose guide plate has a slightly longer arched profile, thereby having portions (200b, 201b) facing the leading edges (11, 21) a plate (200, 201) has been arranged in the region of the previous edge, is an integral part of the leading edge, is supported on the side wall of the rudder, i.e. integrated as a belt-shaped portion (200c, 201c) have a The portions (200b, 201b) of the two guide plates (200, 201) are arranged in the region of the tip edges (11, 21) and have a cup-shaped configuration (200a, 201a), and the upper rudder blade portion (10 ) Port side wall 200) and the starboard side wall of the lower rudder blade portion (20) has a guide plate (201), and the guide plates (200, 201) are formed between the upper rudder blade portion (10) and the lower rudder blade portion (20). The part (200b) of the guide plate (200, 201) which is arranged in the transition area, the belt-like part (200c, 201c) is arranged on the side wall of the rudder blade and covers the transition area and faces the propeller (115) 201b) is arranged in the region of the tip edge (11, 21). Rudder arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

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