GB1567200A - Tin-gold electroplating bath and process - Google Patents
Tin-gold electroplating bath and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1567200A GB1567200A GB53549/76A GB5354976A GB1567200A GB 1567200 A GB1567200 A GB 1567200A GB 53549/76 A GB53549/76 A GB 53549/76A GB 5354976 A GB5354976 A GB 5354976A GB 1567200 A GB1567200 A GB 1567200A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- tin
- gold
- stannic
- halide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- JVPLOXQKFGYFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Au] JVPLOXQKFGYFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 stannate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyne Chemical compound CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethylphenyl)ethyl]-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical class O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004892 Triton X-102 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC#CCO DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloral hydrate Chemical compound OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002327 chloral hydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chloroaniline Chemical compound ClNC1=CC=CC=C1 KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/62—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of gold
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/644,236 US4013523A (en) | 1975-12-24 | 1975-12-24 | Tin-gold electroplating bath and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1567200A true GB1567200A (en) | 1980-05-14 |
Family
ID=24584032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB53549/76A Expired GB1567200A (en) | 1975-12-24 | 1976-12-22 | Tin-gold electroplating bath and process |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4013523A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS608315B2 (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE849410A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1075191A (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH603826A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE2658003C3 (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES454476A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2336496A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB1567200A (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1066698B (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL164331C (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE417728B (en, 2012) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4040526A1 (de) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | H E Finishing Sa | Bad zur galvanischen abscheidung von goldlegierungen |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3012999C2 (de) * | 1980-04-03 | 1984-02-16 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Bad und Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von hochglänzenden und duktiler Goldlegierungsüberzügen |
| US4470886A (en) * | 1983-01-04 | 1984-09-11 | Omi International Corporation | Gold alloy electroplating bath and process |
| DE3347594A1 (de) * | 1983-01-04 | 1984-07-12 | Omi International Corp., Warren, Mich. | Bad zur galvanischen abscheidung einer verschleissfesten goldlegierung und verfahren zur abscheidung einer verschleissfesten goldlegierung unter verwendung dieses bades |
| DE3509367C1 (de) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-08-14 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Bad und Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Gold/Zinn-Legierungsueberzuegen |
| ATE90116T1 (de) * | 1988-09-05 | 1993-06-15 | Cockerill Sambre Sa | Verfahren zur elektroplattierung zon zinn. |
| DE4406419C1 (de) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-04-13 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Bad zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Silber-Gold-Legierungen |
| DE4406434C1 (de) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-08-10 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Bad zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Gold-Zinn-Legierungen |
| US6544397B2 (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 2003-04-08 | Ronald Redline | Method for enhancing the solderability of a surface |
| USRE45842E1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2016-01-12 | Ronald Redline | Method for enhancing the solderability of a surface |
| US6248228B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2001-06-19 | Technic, Inc. And Specialty Chemical System, Inc. | Metal alloy halide electroplating baths |
| JP4392640B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-11 | 2010-01-06 | 石原薬品株式会社 | 非シアン系の金−スズ合金メッキ浴 |
| US20060237324A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2006-10-26 | Fred Hayward | Pulse plating process for deposition of gold-tin alloy |
| JP2007537358A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2007-12-20 | テクニック・インコーポレイテッド | 金−スズ共晶合金のための電気めっき用溶液 |
| WO2006078549A1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Technic, Inc. | Pulse plating process for deposition of gold-tin alloy |
| DE102005006982A1 (de) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-17 | Basf Ag | Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside bei der Metallgewinnung durch Elektrolyse |
| US10260159B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2019-04-16 | The Boeing Company | Methods and apparatuses for mitigating tin whisker growth on tin and tin-plated surfaces by doping tin with gold |
| US11686007B2 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2023-06-27 | New Mexico Tech University Research Park Corporation | Tin-indium alloy electroplating solution |
| WO2020009096A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 株式会社Ｊｃｕ | ３価クロムメッキ液およびこれを用いたクロムメッキ方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1905105A (en) * | 1930-02-20 | 1933-04-25 | Directors Of The University Of | Electrodeposition of tin-gold alloys |
| US3598706A (en) * | 1967-12-11 | 1971-08-10 | Trifari Krussman And Fishel In | Acid gold plating baths |
| CH494284A (fr) * | 1968-11-28 | 1970-07-31 | Sel Rex Corp | Procédé pour le dépôt électrolytique d'un alliage d'or avec au moins un autre métal commun et bain aqueux de placage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
-
1975
- 1975-12-24 US US05/644,236 patent/US4013523A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-12-14 CA CA267,802A patent/CA1075191A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-14 BE BE173266A patent/BE849410A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-15 FR FR7637803A patent/FR2336496A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-12-16 CH CH1583076A patent/CH603826A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-16 NL NL7613972.A patent/NL164331C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-17 SE SE7614214A patent/SE417728B/xx unknown
- 1976-12-21 DE DE2658003A patent/DE2658003C3/de not_active Expired
- 1976-12-22 IT IT52736/76A patent/IT1066698B/it active
- 1976-12-22 GB GB53549/76A patent/GB1567200A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-22 ES ES454476A patent/ES454476A1/es not_active Expired
- 1976-12-24 JP JP51156097A patent/JPS608315B2/ja not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4040526A1 (de) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | H E Finishing Sa | Bad zur galvanischen abscheidung von goldlegierungen |
| DE4040526C3 (de) * | 1989-12-19 | 1998-05-20 | H E Finishing Sa | Bad zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Goldlegierungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1066698B (it) | 1985-03-12 |
| FR2336496B1 (en, 2012) | 1981-07-24 |
| ES454476A1 (es) | 1977-12-01 |
| DE2658003A1 (de) | 1977-07-07 |
| JPS5281032A (en) | 1977-07-07 |
| BE849410A (fr) | 1977-06-14 |
| JPS608315B2 (ja) | 1985-03-01 |
| US4013523A (en) | 1977-03-22 |
| SE7614214L (sv) | 1977-06-25 |
| CH603826A5 (en, 2012) | 1978-08-31 |
| SE417728B (sv) | 1981-04-06 |
| CA1075191A (en) | 1980-04-08 |
| FR2336496A1 (fr) | 1977-07-22 |
| NL7613972A (nl) | 1977-06-28 |
| NL164331C (nl) | 1980-12-15 |
| DE2658003C3 (de) | 1982-01-21 |
| NL164331B (nl) | 1980-07-15 |
| DE2658003B2 (de) | 1980-11-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |