ES2657895T3 - Composición y método para el tratamiento de la depresión y de la psicosis en humanos - Google Patents
Composición y método para el tratamiento de la depresión y de la psicosis en humanos Download PDFInfo
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- ES2657895T3 ES2657895T3 ES13816622.8T ES13816622T ES2657895T3 ES 2657895 T3 ES2657895 T3 ES 2657895T3 ES 13816622 T ES13816622 T ES 13816622T ES 2657895 T3 ES2657895 T3 ES 2657895T3
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Abstract
Una composición para el uso en el tratamiento de efectos secundarios asociados con medicaciones administradas a un sujeto humano para el tratamiento de enfermedades mentales, que comprende una cantidad efectiva reductora de efectos secundarios de una dosificación oral o parenteral compuesta de: - un primer com puesto seleccionado del grupo que consiste en un antagonista selectivo/agonista inverso del receptor 5-HT2A; y - un segundo compuesto seleccionado del grupo que consiste en antagonistas del receptor NMDAR.
Description
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ensayos con roedores, como la prueba de cuatro placas o el laberinto en cruz elevado (Nic Dhonnchadha et al Behavioural brain research. 147:175-84, 2003). Los efectos de los ligandos de 5-HT2A pueden estar mediados en parte a través del sistema GABA (Masse et al., Behav Brain Res 177:214-26. 2007), y aumentar la relevancia de estos mecanismos para la acatisia.
[0091] La presente investigación prueba la hipótesis de que los antagonistas del receptor NMDA pueden revertir los efectos inducidos por la acatisia de los agentes que actúan en su totalidad o en parte a través del bloqueo de 5-HT2A, incluidos los antagonistas selectivos/agonistas inversos de 5-HT2A, antidepresivos y antipsicóticos atípicos. Para este estudio, el antagonista primario del receptor de NMDA utilizado fue D-cicloserina (DCS).
[0092] Procedimientos: Todos los estudios se realizaron en PsychoGenics, Inc., con sede en 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, Nueva York, usando un aparato de laberinto en cruz elevado (EPM) para evaluar los efectos conductuales de la medicación.
[0093] Preparación: Se usaron ratones machos C57BI/6J de Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Maine) para este estudio. Los ratones se recibieron con una edad de 6 semanas. Tras la recepción, a los ratones se les asignaron números de identificación únicos (marcados en la cola) y se alojaron en grupos de 4 ratones por jaula en jaulas OPTI con ventilación para ratones. Todos los animales permanecieron alojados en grupos de cuatro durante el resto del estudio. Todos los ratones se aclimataron a la sala de colonias durante al menos 1 semana antes del ensayo y, a continuación, se examinaron con un promedio de 7 semanas de edad.
[0094] Durante el período de aclimatación, los ratones fueron examinados de forma regular, manipulados y pesados para asegurar una salud e idoneidad adecuadas. Los animales se mantuvieron en un ciclo de 12 horas de luz y 12 de oscuridad; el ensayo se realizó durante la fase de luz. La temperatura ambiente se mantuvo entre 20 y 23 °C y la humedad relativa entre un 30 % y un 70 %. La comida y el agua se proporcionaron a placer durante la duración del estudio. En cada prueba, los animales fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos de tratamiento. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados después de la finalización del estudio.
[0095] Equipo: El ensayo del laberinto en cruz elevado evaluó la ansiedad. El laberinto (Kinder Scientific; Poway, CA) consiste en dos brazos cerrados (14,5 cm altura x 5 cm ancho x 35 cm Iargo) y dos brazos abiertos (6 cm ancho x 35 cm Iargo) formando una cruz, con una plataforma central cuadrada (6 x 6 cm). Todas las superficies visibles están fabricadas con acrílico negro. Cada uno de los brazos del laberinto se colocó en una columna de soporte a 56 cm por encima del suelo. Las cortinas de vinilo negro antiestáticas (17,78 cm de alto) rodean el EPM para formar una envoltura de 12,7 cm de ancho x 12,7 cm de largo. Se permitió que los animales se aclimataran a la habitación experimental al menos 1 hora antes del ensayo. Los ratones se colocaron en el centro del laberinto en cruz elevado orientados hacia el brazo cerrado para una carrera de 5 minutos. A todos los animales se les realizó la prueba una vez. El tiempo de permanencia, la distancia recorrida y las entradas en cada brazo fueron registradas automáticamente por el ordenador. El EPM se limpió a fondo después de cada ensayo.
[0096] Medicación: Los medicamentos se administraron por inyección ip. Todos los medicamentos se disolvieron en un vehículo apropiado. Las dosis se expresan en miligramos por kilogramo (mpk).
[0097] Análisis estadístico: La medición primaria dependiente para este estudio consistió en el porcentaje de tiempo de permanencia dentro de los brazos abiertos, que se considera una medición de los efectos antiansiedad. Las comparaciones entre condiciones se realizaron usando la DMS post-hoc con significancia unilateral de p <0,05.
[0098] Resultados: Los efectos específicos de los antagonistas de los receptores NMDA sobre los síntomas relacionados con la ansiedad/acatisia se evaluaron usando la medición del porcentaje de tiempo en los brazos abiertos, que mide la disposición para entrar a una sección del EPM expuesta frente a una cerrada. Dado que representa una proporción entre la actividad en brazos abiertos y brazos cerrados, es relativamente insensible a los cambios en los niveles generales de actividad. Los posibles efectos no específicos se evaluaron usando la distancia total recorrida, que es una medición de la activación general. La hiperactividad locomotora inducida por antagonistas de NMDA se considera un modelo de psicosis en roedores. Se sabe que los antagonistas de 5-HT2A revierten los efectos de los bloqueadores de los canales de NMDAR de alta afinidad sobre la actividad de los roedores, lo que refleja su uso potencial como antipsicóticos. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha investigado previamente la capacidad de los antagonistas de NMDAR competitivos que actúan en los sitios de glicina o glutamato para revertir los posibles efectos ansiogénicos relacionados con la acatisia de los antagonistas de 5-HT2A de alta afinidad u otros compuestos como antidepresivos o antipsicóticos atípicos potencialmente asociados con antagonismo en los receptores 5-HT2A.
Descripción de los resultados
[0099] Los resultados de los experimentos descritos anteriormente se exponen en la Tabla 1. Los resultados de un experimento individual representativo se exponen en la Tabla 2 y se representan en la Figura 1
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10
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
TABLA 2
- N.° barra
- Afección Media EEM N
- 1
- PTS - DOI (2 mg/kg) 35,56903 6,428943 10
- 2
- DCS (30 mg/kg) - DOI (2 mg/kg) 44,59816 3,363823 10
- 3
- DCS (300 mg/kg) - DOI (2 mg/kg) 48,1 4,7 10
- 4
- MDL100907 (0,3 mg/kg) - DOI (2 mg/kg) 9,553678 2,931169 10
- 5
- MDL100907 (0,3 g/kg) + DCS (30 mg/kg) - DOI (2 mg/kg) 20,8 7,6 10
- 6
- MDL100907 (0,3 g/kg) + DCS (300 mg/kg) - DOI (2 mg/kg) 35,8 9,2 10
[0100] DOI (2 mpk) aumentó significativamente el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos con la solución salina a dosis de 1 mpk (p=0,05) y 2 mg (p<0,05); DCS no tuvo ningún efecto significativo cuando se agregó a DOI solo en dosis de 30 mpk o 300 mpk, lo que sugiere la ausencia de efectos de comportamiento no específicos en este sistema de ensayo. DCS (300 mpk) revirtió significativamente los efectos de MDL100709 (p <0,05), mientras que los efectos de DCS (30 mpk) no fueron significativos. Además, el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos fue numéricamente superior para DCS combinado (300 mpk) y con ambos, ketanserina y ED28101 que con alguno de los agentes solo. Cuando se realizaron análisis dentro del experimento, se observó un efecto altamente significativo de D-cicloserina (300 mpk) frente a DOI (2 mpk) y MDL100907 (0,3 mpk) solo (p <0,01) (Figura 1).
[0101] En presencia de DOI (2 mpk), los antagonistas/antagonistas inversos de 5-HT2A MDL100907 (p = 0,001) y ketanserina (p <0,001) y EMD281014 (p <0,05) redujeron significativamente el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos, lo que sugiere una propensión significativa para la acatisia.
[0102] El antagonista competitivo del sitio de glutamato, D-CPPeno, produjo una reversión del nivel de tendencia de los efectos de MDL100.907 (p <1) sobre el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos. Otros antagonistas del receptor NMDA, incluidos CGS19755 y CP101606, produjeron una mejora numérica. No se observó ningún efecto significativo para el antagonista del sitio del canal, PCP, aunque la tendencia fue al aumento del efecto. Además, el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos en presencia de la combinación D-cicloserina/DOI/DL100907 fue significativamente mayor que en presencia de la combinación PCP/DOI/MDL100907 (p <0,05).
[0103] Además de los antagonistas/agonistas inversos de 5-HT2A selectivos, los antipsicóticos atípicos quetiapina (p <0,001) y lurasidona (p <0,05) también redujeron significativamente el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en los brazos abiertos, lo que sugiere una propensión para inducir una acatisia. Tanto para la quetiapina (p <0,05) como para la lurasidona (p <0,05), los efectos se revirtieron significativamente con DCS 300 mpk.
[0104] Finalmente, se analizaron tres antidepresivos: duloxetina, mirtazapina y venlafaxina en presencia de Dcicloserina (300 mpk) y DOI (2 mpk). Los 3 mostraron porcentajes de entradas en el brazo abierto significativamente reducidos frente a DOI solo, coherente con la capacidad de inducir clínicamente una acatisia.
Distancia recorrida (DR)
[0105] A diferencia del porcentaje de tiempo en los brazos abiertos. DOI (2 mpk) redujo significativamente la distancia total recorrida. MDL100907 aumentó significativamente la DR frente a DOI (2 mpk) solo (p<0,05), y este efecto se mejoró (en lugar de revertirse) con D-cicloserina (300 mpk) (p<0,001). Otros antagonistas de 5-HT2A y NMDAR solos y en combinación tuvieron efectos inconsistentes con un patrón diferente al que se observa para el porcentaje de tiempo permanencia en la medición de brazo abierto, lo que refleja la especificidad de los efectos antiacatisia. Como grupo, duloxetina, venlafaxina y mirtazapina añadidos a DOI (2 mpk) y D-cicloserina (300 mpk) mejoraron significativamente DR en comparación con DOI (2 mpk) y D-cicloserina (300 mpk) solos (p <0,05).
Resumen:
[0106] Estos hallazgos demuestran una capacidad inesperada de la D-cicloserina, a dosis altas, para revertir reducciones en el porcentaje del tiempo de permanencia en el brazo abierto del laberinto en cruz elevado inducido por antagonistas de 5-HT2A como MDL100709, ketanserina o antipsicóticos atípicos. Los efectos pro-terapéuticos se observaron no solo para D-cicloserina, sino también para otros antagonistas del receptor NMDA tales como D-CPPeno, CGS19755 o CP 101606. Por el contrario, el bloqueador de canales tradicional PCP empeoró el rendimiento con respecto a DCS, sugiriendo que los agentes que actúan en los sitios de unión a glutamato o glicina
o los bloqueadores de los canales de afinidad inferior, tales como GlyX-13, pueden ser superiores a los antagonistas no competitivos de mayor afinidad, como PCP o MK- 801. Además, aunque se sabe que los antagonistas de 5-HT2A revierten la hiperactividad inducida por bloqueadores de los canales NMDA tales como ketamina, MK-801 o
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PT3263108T (pt) | 2020-01-15 |
CN104507477B (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
CN107875389B (zh) | 2021-02-02 |
WO2014011590A3 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
EP2872139A2 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2872139B1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
AU2013288827A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
JP2015522075A (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
EP3263108A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
US10660887B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
JP2019014740A (ja) | 2019-01-31 |
AU2018203371B2 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
HUE038023T2 (hu) | 2018-09-28 |
PL3263108T3 (pl) | 2020-06-01 |
US9737531B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
US20150374684A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
JP6416762B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
US20170312275A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
ES2764746T3 (es) | 2020-06-04 |
IL236687A0 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
DK2872139T3 (en) | 2018-02-05 |
AU2018203371A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
EP2872139A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US9486453B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
US20140018348A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
AU2013288827B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
CA2878565A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
WO2014011590A2 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
CN107875389A (zh) | 2018-04-06 |
PL2872139T3 (pl) | 2018-06-29 |
EP3263108B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
CN104507477A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
PT2872139T (pt) | 2018-02-09 |
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