Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
  • C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
  • C22B7/006—Wet processes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for treating accumulators, batteries and the like, which may contain lithium, lithium ions, sodium, potassium and / or nickel as active constituents, and to a system for carrying it out.
• Lithium batteries known. To recycle the lithium batteries and / or lithium batteries, they have to be destroyed using a mechanical process using ice water and the components dissolved in the water are separated off using a chemical process.
• a method for recycling batteries with lithium ions is known from PCT US 2016 06 32 94, in which the Mo 1 ve rhot 11 nis for the cathode material for a new battery must be determined and this solution for the new battery is obtained by crushed old batteries which were treated with an acid agent and hydrogen peroxide to separate the solution from the undissolved material.
• the above-mentioned method also requires mechanical processing and chemical treatment in order to obtain a product that is not identical to the initial product, but as a remedy for the batteries used in the production of the lithium ion batteries
• US 2013 030 22 26 also describes a method in which the li t h i um i o n e n b a t e r i e n are comminuted and then treated by a chemical process. This method has the same problems as described in the previous publications.
• CN 10 56 55 663 describes a process in which the individual parts of the lithium ion batteries are dismantled using individual demo n t a g e r i t s and an attempt is then made to gain the resources used in this way. This process is also particularly time-consuming and risky, since you have to work with material that is used to manufacture batteries and that could react with the environment and / or be harmful to people.
• CN 10 5304 966 describes a method in which a lithium ion battery is immersed in a hot liquid, after first removing the housing in which the battery is housed, and heating the liquid to a high temperature Melted membrane.
• the positive material was separated from the negative material via a current collector with positive electrode and vice versa.
• the hot liquid is dissolved in the water.
• the positive material and the negative material are then filtered.
• This process also requires an external energy supply in order to bring everything to a high temperature: in this case, we speak of a temperature up to the melting of aluminum, the mass of lithium and cobalt remains at a temperature of approx. 100 degrees Celsius stable.
• the graphite is carbonized into a carbon dioxide.
• This process also requires mechanical treatments at high temperatures and the raw material must advantageously be separated from the residues obtained in this way.
• the method according to the invention when processed in an aqueous / moist phase, does not produce any emission of toxic and potentially corrosive smoke gases, as is the case with the inventions
• the stated prior art does not address the problem, but has the effect that the steps that could lead to the emission of potentially dangerous substances are made to react with the liquid / humid environment.
• hydrometallurgical means e.g. Li, Co, Ni, Mn, other metals and also fluorine
• Batteries in the present description are understood to mean any batteries, accumulators, electrically chargeable cells and all means that are useful for storing electrical energy.
• the object of the present invention is to use the process, object of the present invention, to obtain materials that are metallurgical
• the process consists of the following steps: Insertion of an accumulator, battery, cell or the like that contains lithium,
• Pretreatment to a temperature below 250 ° C. is particularly advantageous, since below this temperature most of the organic polymers of various compositions contained in the cell / battery / accumulator are not damaged, with the recovery of the materials is facilitated.
• cables, external non-essential metal supports and plastic, etc. are removed prior to treatment.
• the treatment can be carried out directly on the cells / batteries / accumulators without having to resort to the process of removing cables, external meteo supports and P 1 a s ti k t e i 1 ns.
• H2O a moist environment
• the damp The environment weakens the temperature fluctuations and the humid environment binds the aggressive substances that are released from the battery. In this way, dangerous chemical reactions and the escape of toxic gases can be avoided.
• the amount of water compared to the batteries to be treated is preferably from one
• This method also allows subsequent recycling in a simple and safe manner, avoiding any dangerous, exothermic and / or chemical reactions that can cause serious harm to people.
• the management of the chamber / reactor where the recycling processes are carried out does not have to be subjected to strict inspection plans and equipped with precipitation systems in order to remove the dangerous gases from the exhaust gases. Batteries and accumulators treated with this process or the like can moreover be transported in this way without danger after the treatment. This is a significant advantage, as, for example, the electric car batteries also have considerable dimensions and must be kept in a container in order to eliminate the hazards during transport, which is capable of any exotherm to resist reactions.
• a battery treated with this method according to the invention no longer has these problems and can be transported more easily and economically. Thanks to the relatively low temperatures and pressures used, numerous dangers are avoided that are typically found in processes of thermal destruction.
• the reaction chamber is flooded with inert gas before the battery to be treated is introduced in order to avoid possible reactions with compressed air or with other gases present, in particular with oxygen.
• H2O must advantageously be added between 1 and 10 times the weight of the batteries, accumulators and the like to be recycled.
• the amount of H2O to be added also depends on the type of batteries or accumulators to be recycled. For safety reasons, a larger amount of H2O is required if there are substances inside the batteries that could liberate fluoric acid or chloric acid. These acids are particularly dangerous in gaseous form.
• H20 If a sufficient amount of H20 is present, they react and form an aqueous solution: for example H30 + + F or H30 + + Ci.
• aqueous form these chemical types are easy to handle and with the addition of a base to correct the pH, they become more less dangerous / inert.
• FIG. 1 a f i ndun g emä ß e s pr o z e s s s s chema
• FIG. 2 shows a second invention according to the invention
• the reference number 10 indicates a method according to the invention.
• the reference numeral 11 indicates a mass A which is formed by batteries, accumulators, charging cells and the like to be recycled.
• a compound B which is usually water 12, is then also introduced into this mass A and, in a preferred embodiment, an inert gas can also be added.
• a and B form the mass C.
• the amount of water H2O is advantageously determined as a function of the mass of batteries, accumulators, charging cells or the like to be treated.
• an e p r o c e s s e s s 1 to 10 times more H2O than the weight A of batteries to be treated in the water is added.
• the reactive chemical substances for example chloric acid and fluoric acid, are bound by water vapor and liquid water. These chemical substances bind with water and form aqueous solutions that are easier to handle than their gaseous compounds
• the mass C is heated within the reactor 13 by bringing the temperature between 120 and 370 ° C.
• the pressure inside the reactor depending on the temperature, reaches from 2 to 250 bar.
• the temperature is advantageously kept below 250 ° C. and the pressure below 40 bar.
• a temperature of approx. 220 ° C in the reactor and a pressure of approx. 25 bar is reached, most of the batteries Accumulators, charging cells and the like, the membrane and / or the separator between the anode and the cathode together and leads the battery, the accumulator, the charging cells to a short circuit.
• Hydrogen (H2), light hydrocarbons, CO2 and CO can develop as products of the reaction between batteries / accumulators and water under the specified conditions, with a content that depends on the state of charge of the batteries / accumulators ators changes.
• H2 and light hydrocarbons can develop. It is possible to use the evolved gases by recovering the hydrogen (H2) or, for example, to feed a thermal engine with the resulting gases to generate electrical energy.
• acids or bases can be added to buffer the pH levels.
• FIG. 2 a continuous process 20 for the treatment of batteries to be recycled is shown, in which the charge A2 21 is fed within a reactor 23 and water and preferably also with water in the reactor the reference numeral 22 is added inert gas B2.
• the continuous supply has the advantage that the reactor 23 is already at the desired temperature and at the desired pressure.
• screw conveyors and / or conveyors with check valves can be provided which maintain the pressure within the reactor 23.
• sensors temperature, pressure, pH
• the gases generated inside the reactor can be used to generate thermal energy to help keep the process at the necessary temperature.
• the treated materials can be sorted, separated and brought for recycling.
• the process described in this way can also be used as a preliminary to the recycling of the material in question. With the development of the process, the costs of transporting and handling the exhausted batteries / accumulators decrease significantly, as the potential fire and e xp 1 o s i o n s r i k o is eliminated.
• Patent claims do not limit the disclosure and therefore not the combination of all of the above-mentioned features. All of the foregoing features are also disclosed here individually and in combination with all other features.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

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Family Cites Families (10)

• 2019
  • 2019-07-17 IT IT102019000012060A patent/IT201900012060A1/it unknown
• 2020
  • 2020-07-15 EP EP20737489.3A patent/EP3999668A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-07-15 JP JP2022500723A patent/JP2022540423A/ja active Pending
  • 2020-07-15 US US17/626,835 patent/US11851728B2/en active Active
  • 2020-07-15 CN CN202080051619.9A patent/CN114467214A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-07-15 WO PCT/EP2020/069946 patent/WO2021009199A1/de unknown

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