EP3837475B1 - Système de gaine de pression, appareil de pression différentielle et bâtiment - Google Patents

Système de gaine de pression, appareil de pression différentielle et bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3837475B1
EP3837475B1 EP19768997.9A EP19768997A EP3837475B1 EP 3837475 B1 EP3837475 B1 EP 3837475B1 EP 19768997 A EP19768997 A EP 19768997A EP 3837475 B1 EP3837475 B1 EP 3837475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
safety zone
area
air
door opening
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP19768997.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3837475A1 (fr
Inventor
Emanuel NIEDERHAUSER
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Jomos Brandschutz AG
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Jomos Brandschutz AG
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Publication of EP3837475A1 publication Critical patent/EP3837475A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F9/00—Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F9/00—Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtains
    • F24F2009/007—Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtains using more than one jet or band in the air curtain
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement of a differential pressure system in a building and a building with such an arrangement.
  • new buildings In order to meet the fire protection requirements, new buildings, especially high-rise buildings, are provided with so-called safety zones, into which the penetration of fire, smoke and combustion gases is prevented in the event of a fire.
  • Typical safety zones are escape, rescue and attack routes such as safety stairwells, fire brigade lifts or anterooms.
  • Smoke and fire gases are kept from the safety zones by means of differential pressure systems, which generate overpressure in the safety zones.
  • an overpressure is required in the safety zone compared to the fire room, which is achieved by the constant supply of fresh air. This overpressure creates an air flow at every opening between the safety zone and the fire room or an outside room, which pushes back smoke and fire gases.
  • a disadvantage of the existing differential pressure systems is the fact that the air constantly brought in from the safety zone not only escapes through the opening to the fire room, but also through various types of leaks, such as open exit doors or escape routes. This causes high air losses, making it difficult to build up and maintain the required positive pressure of the safety zone.
  • EP1342959A1 describes a device for shielding openings, wherein two core air jet nozzles arranged in different peripheral areas of the opening generate air jets which are directed through the opening into the interior of the building.
  • DE10005964A1 discloses a device for preventing drafts from entering through an opening in a building, with two fans located outside the building which create an air curtain in front of the opening. To create the air curtain, the fans are spaced from the building and the opening by an air gap.
  • a device for generating an air curtain is presented, with which the escape of warm air from a warm room and the entry of cold air into the warm room can be avoided.
  • modular rotatable blowers are arranged on opposite sides of the opening, with which air is blown in different directions.
  • the air can be blown in one direction against the entry of cold air at the bottom of the opening and in the opposite direction against the exit of warm air at the top of the opening.
  • the EP2746686A1 discloses an apparatus for creating an air curtain through an opening with two fans located on either side of the opening.
  • the DE10240745A1 discloses a device and a method for preventing the transfer of smoke and fire gases from a room section loaded with these gases into an adjacent room section of a building that can be used as an escape and rescue route.
  • the invention is that when the smoke and fire gases occur between the two sections of a room as Smoke and gas barrier serving air curtain is generated.
  • the present invention now sets itself the task of reducing and stabilizing the leakage flow and the resulting loss of air and pressure at openings in a safety zone that is under overpressure, without these openings and thus potential escape, attack and and having to permanently block escape routes.
  • a preferred embodiment relates to a building with such an arrangement and is described in claim 2.
  • the basis of the invention is the arrangement of a differential pressure installation and a pressure shielding system for maintaining the pressure difference across a rectangular door opening 11 of a building 1 between a higher pressure safety zone A, which is inside the building, and a lower pressure area B, normally outside the building in the outdoors.
  • the pressure shielding system is put into operation and the leakage flow through opening 11 is contained by means of generated air jets S, the inner pressure area of safety zone A is shielded from area B, and the overpressure of safety zone A is maintained.
  • the pressure shielding system according to the invention consists of two columns 2 which are mounted on opposite sides of the rectangular door opening 11 ( Figures 1 to 4 ).
  • air jets S are generated with these columns 2 on opposite sides of the door opening 11, which flow in front of the door opening 11 within the safety zone A along a crossing line K meet ( Figure 2a ).
  • the air jets S are blown in the direction of safety zone A against the leakage flow in order to contain it and to maintain the overpressure in safety zone A.
  • the velocity component of the air jets S in the direction opposite to the leakage flow at the crossing line K must be at least as great as the velocity of the leakage flow at the crossing line K.
  • the opposite velocity components of the leakage flow and the air jets are equal .
  • the speed component of the air jets S in the opposite direction to the leakage flow at the crossing line K can also be somewhat smaller or larger, e.g. depending on the required shielding effect or in summer/winter, in order to reduce existing pressure differences between safety zone A and area B take into account that may exist due to temperature differences and weather conditions.
  • the air jets S are parallel over the entire length of each column 2, with the same orientation and the same intensity.
  • the crossing line K is therefore parallel to the columns 2.
  • the columns 2 are arranged symmetrically mirrored on both sides of the door opening 11 and generate symmetrically mirrored air jets S.
  • Each column 2 has at least one air inlet 21, at least one air outlet 22 and at least one flow drive.
  • Each air outlet 22 defines an outlet direction in which the air jet S is blown. So that the air jets S of the opposing columns 2 meet within the safety zone A at the crossing line K, the columns 2 and the air outlets 22 are aligned in such a way that the exit directions of the air outlets 22 cross in the safety zone A at the crossing line K.
  • the exit directions have an acute angle ⁇ to the opening plane of the door opening 11, preferably between 5° and 70° and the generated air jets S meet at the crossing line K with an angle ⁇ between 0° and 180° ( Figure 2a ).
  • the alignment of the air outlets 22 with an optimal angle ⁇ improves the penetration effect of the air jet into the safety zone A against the leakage flow considerably. Angles ⁇ of approximately 45° are most efficient.
  • the shielding effect is increased if the air to form the air jets S is sucked in on the side with the higher pressure, i.e. in safety zone A.
  • the pressure is reduced locally in the area of the air jets S, so that the pressure difference is somewhat smaller.
  • the air inlets 21 are therefore located in the safety zone A, for example on the sides of the columns 2 that face the safety zone A ( Figure 2a ) or on the sides of the pillars 2 facing the doorway 11 ( Figure 2b ).
  • the pillars 2 allow the pillars 2 to be arranged either in the safety zone A on opposite sides of the door opening 11 ( Figures 2a-b ), or to integrate in a wall (se.g Figure 2c ).
  • the air outlets 22 are therefore in the safety zone A ( Figures 2a-b ) or in the opening ( Figure 2c ) and are directed away from the doorway 11, so that the air jets S generated are directed away from the door opening 11 .
  • the pillars 2 are arranged directly on or in the door opening 11, without a gap between the pillars 2 and the building 1 at the door opening 11.
  • the air outlets 22 of the columns also lie directly on or in the door opening 11, so that the air jets S generated counteract the leakage flow better and effectively prevent the pressure loss. It when the air outlets 22 are formed over the entire length of the columns 2 and the door opening 11 is particularly advantageous. It is conceivable to provide each column 2 with a single, continuous air outlet 22, which is designed as a slot.
  • each air outlet 22 depending on Adjust airflow to always achieve the perfect effect and depth of penetration.
  • several air inlets 21 can be provided, which are distributed over the entire length of the columns 2.
  • a separate flow drive can be arranged at each air inlet 21 .
  • the flow drives are electric fans, which may be individually controllable. Depending on requirements, the speed of the fans can be adjusted or controlled.
  • the fans of a column 2 are not necessarily arranged symmetrically to the fans of the opposite column 2. It is advantageous if each column 2 contains at least two fans arranged over the entire length, so that the air from the safety zone A is extracted evenly over the entire length of the columns 2.
  • the door openings 11 for which the present invention is intended include escape, rescue and attack doors, which usually do not go as far as the interior ceiling RD. Since the air jets S in the direction of Safety zone A are directed at a certain non-zero angle ⁇ to the door opening 11, the shielding in the upper area of the door opening 11 has a triangular gap through which air and thus pressure can escape ( Figure 3a ). In order to avoid this pressure loss, an orifice 3 in the form of a roof 3 is arranged at the upper end of the columns 2, which is arranged at one end of the columns between them and thus completes the shielding ( Figures 3b-c ).
  • the panel 3 protrudes from the opening 11 at least as far as the crossing line K, where the opposing air jets meet, into the safety zone A ( Figure 3c ).
  • the screen 3 is a flat rectangular plate placed perpendicularly and horizontally at the end of the columns 2 .
  • the screen 3 can be attached to those sides of the door opening 11 where there is no pillar.
  • the pillars 2 can be arranged vertically and parallel on opposite sides of the door frame, and the bezel 3 can be arranged at the top of the pillars 2 and the door frame perpendicular thereto in the horizontal direction.
  • the two columns 2 are connected to a third column 4, with which air jets S can be generated ( figure 4 ).
  • the door opening 11 is completely surrounded by the pillars 2, 4 on 3 sides and the aforementioned gap in the shielding is also closed.
  • the third column 4 and the screen 3 can be combined.
  • the arrangement of the differential pressure system includes the shielding system.
  • a differential pressure system comprises a supply air fan for introducing fresh air from an area B, mostly outdoors, with lower pressure into a safety zone A with higher pressure, a damper between safety zone A and area B, for pressure relief to the outside, and at least one door opening between safety zone A and area B, which is provided with the pressure shielding system.
  • the flap is movable between an open position and a sealed closed position. In the open position, the flap allows air and pressure to escape from safety zone A to prevent over-pressurization. In the tightly closed position, no air or pressure can escape through the flap, so this can be increased.
  • the flap can be provided with a spring, for example, which allows the flap to open spontaneously when the pressure in safety zone A is high and which closes it again automatically and at least partially as soon as the pressure drops again.
  • the flap is pressure-controlled by an electronic system.
  • a differential pressure system is used particularly advantageously, for example, in a safety stairwell (safety zone A).
  • the building often also includes an anteroom, a fire room, an outflow duct and the differential pressure system a second flap, which are arranged as follows.
  • the vestibule is located between the stairwell and the fire room, the outflow channel connects the anteroom to an area outside the building (area B) and the second flap is located between the anteroom and the outflow channel.
  • the differential pressure system is started to Staircase (safety zone A) and to generate an overpressure in the anteroom.
  • the second flap is opened so that the smoke that enters the anteroom from the fire room escapes through the second flap as soon as the door to the stairwell is opened via the outflow duct, without getting into the stairwell.
  • the pressure shielding system according to the invention was attached to a door opening of a test room (safety zone A) in which an overpressure was generated relative to the outside atmosphere (area B).
  • the tests were carried out in a test room with a volume of 5.25 mx 4.6 mx 4 m (length x width x height) and with a leakage through secondary openings of 200 m 3 /h at a pressure difference of 50 Pa with the outside atmosphere.
  • the doorway to which the pressure shielding system is attached is a doorway with dimensions 0.9 m x 2.1 m (width x height).
  • An overpressure of approx. 4 Pa to approx. 50 Pa compared to the outside atmosphere was generated in the test room and the resulting volume flow through the door opening was measured.
  • the Figure 3c shows the flow rate over the effective pressure difference for an opening without a pressure shielding system, with a pressure shielding system without a roof and with a pressure shielding system with a roof.
  • a roof a horizontal panel measuring 1.4m x 0.6m (length x width) was used, placed over the doorway at a height of 2.2m from the floor of the room.
  • the pressure shielding system without a roof achieves a reduction in leakage of approx. 14,000 m 3 /h at the same pressure difference, and an increase in the pressure difference of 12 to 33 Pa at the same leakage flow.

Claims (2)

  1. Agencement d'un système de pression différentielle dans un bâtiment (1) avec une ouverture de porte rectangulaire (11) entre une zone de sécurité (A) et un secteur (B),
    le système de pression différentielle comprenant :
    - un ventilateur de soufflage pour introduire de l'air frais du secteur (B) dans la zone de sécurité (A) afin de créer une pression plus élevée dans la zone de sécurité (A) que dans le secteur (B),
    - un premier clapet entre la zone de sécurité (A) et le secteur (B), qui peut se fermer automatiquement et au moins partiellement en cas de perte de pression dans la zone de sécurité (A), et
    - un système de bouclier de pression pour maintenir la différence de pression à au niveau de l'ouverture de porte (11) entre la zone de sécurité (A) à pression supérieure et le secteur (B) à pression inférieure,
    le système de bouclier de pression comprenant au moins deux colonnes (2) situées à l'intérieur de la zone de sécurité (A) sur des côtés opposés de l'ouverture de porte (11) et s'étendant sur toute l'étendue de l'ouverture de porte (11), chaque colonne (2) ayant au moins une sortie d'air (22) formée sur toute la longueur de la colonne (2) et dirigée dans une direction de sortie,
    les sorties d'air (22) des colonnes opposées (2) étant orientées de sorte que leurs directions de sortie se croisent dans la zone de sécurité (A) au niveau d'une ligne de croisement (K), et
    à une extrémité des colonnes (2), un panneau (3) est disposé entre les colonnes et au bord de l'ouverture de porte (11),
    le panneau (3) s'étendant de l'ouverture de porte (11) jusqu'à la ligne de croisement (K) dans la zone de sécurité (A).
  2. Bâtiment comprenant
    une cage d'escalier avec antichambre,
    une zone d'incendie,
    un canal de sortie et
    un agencement d'un système de pression différentielle selon la revendication 1 avec un deuxième clapet,
    où le secteur (B) est à l'extérieur du bâtiment,
    la zone de sécurité (A) est la cage d'escalier,
    l'antichambre est située entre la cage d'escalier et la zone d'incendie,
    le canal de sortie relie l'antichambre au secteur (B),
    le deuxième clapet est agencé entre l'antichambre et le canal d'évacuation,
    dans lequel le second clapet est commandé de telle manière qu'il est ouvert en cas d'incendie dans la zone d'incendie.
EP19768997.9A 2018-08-14 2019-08-13 Système de gaine de pression, appareil de pression différentielle et bâtiment Active EP3837475B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00987/18A CH715247A1 (de) 2018-08-14 2018-08-14 Druckabschirmungssystem zur Aufrechterhaltung des Druckunterschieds an einer Öffnung eines Gebäudes zwischen zwei Bereichen mit unterschiedlichem Druck.
PCT/CH2019/050016 WO2020034045A1 (fr) 2018-08-14 2019-08-13 Système de protection contre la pression, installation de pression différentielle et bâtiment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3837475A1 EP3837475A1 (fr) 2021-06-23
EP3837475B1 true EP3837475B1 (fr) 2023-08-16

Family

ID=63407000

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19768997.9A Active EP3837475B1 (fr) 2018-08-14 2019-08-13 Système de gaine de pression, appareil de pression différentielle et bâtiment

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP3837475B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH715247A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3837475T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020034045A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157105A (en) * 1961-08-01 1964-11-17 Tamm Walter Apparatus for producing an air curtain
DE10005964C2 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-12-13 Kessler & Luch Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zum Verhindern des Eindringens von Zugluft durch eine Öffnung in einem Gebäude
DE20203378U1 (de) * 2002-03-04 2002-10-02 Luftwandtechnologie Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Abschirmung von Öffnungen einer Abfalldeponie
DE10240745A1 (de) * 2002-09-02 2004-03-18 Horch, Fabian Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Übergangs von Rauch- und/oder Brandgasen zwischen aneinander grenzenden Raumabschnitten in Gebäuden
KR101191732B1 (ko) * 2010-06-25 2012-10-16 김동기 배기덕트가 설치된 피난계단실 구조
BE1021507B1 (nl) * 2012-12-24 2015-12-03 Handelsmaatschappij Willy Deweerdt Bvba Inrichting voor het genereren van een luchtwand
EP2995876B1 (fr) * 2014-09-03 2017-04-12 Marco Zambolin Élément modulaire pour rideaux d'air et son procédé de fabrication.
DE202015106193U1 (de) * 2015-11-16 2015-11-23 Ulf Peschke Luftschleieranlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3837475T3 (pl) 2024-04-22
EP3837475A1 (fr) 2021-06-23
CH715247A1 (de) 2020-02-14
WO2020034045A1 (fr) 2020-02-20

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