EP3669160B1 - Dispositif de prélèvement d'échantillon pour le prélèvement d'un échantillon représentatif de lait et procédé pour le prélèvement d'échantillons représentatifs de lait - Google Patents

Dispositif de prélèvement d'échantillon pour le prélèvement d'un échantillon représentatif de lait et procédé pour le prélèvement d'échantillons représentatifs de lait Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3669160B1
EP3669160B1 EP18752121.6A EP18752121A EP3669160B1 EP 3669160 B1 EP3669160 B1 EP 3669160B1 EP 18752121 A EP18752121 A EP 18752121A EP 3669160 B1 EP3669160 B1 EP 3669160B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
milk
pump
sample
conveying
interval
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EP18752121.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3669160A1 (fr
Inventor
Tilman Hoefelmayr
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Lactocorder AG
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Lactocorder AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/007—Monitoring milking processes; Control or regulation of milking machines
    • A01J5/01—Milkmeters; Milk flow sensing devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
    • A01J5/0133—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by using electricity, e.g. conductivity or capacitance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
    • A01J5/0135—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by using light, e.g. light absorption or light transmission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/04—Milking machines or devices with pneumatic manipulation of teats
    • A01J5/045—Taking milk-samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/64—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by measuring electrical currents passing through the fluid flow; measuring electrical potential generated by the fluid flow, e.g. by electrochemical, contact or friction effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sampling device for taking a representative milk sample in a predetermined quantity range from a delivery line in which milk is delivered, for example at delivery intervals of unknown length, and a method for taking representative milk samples.
  • milk In food production, the term "milk” is mainly understood to mean cow's milk, but in addition to the milk from cows, the milk produced by other domesticated and agricultural animals, including cows, sheep and goats, is also produced by humans used as food.
  • Milk is a natural product and naturally contains germs in its raw and especially untreated form as so-called raw milk. Therefore, in addition to determining the fat content of raw milk, the bacterial load is a characteristic for determining the quality of a milk.
  • milk is classified into commercial classes by the milk quality ordinance, which defines criteria for the classification, such as the total germ count, the protein and fat content, the freezing point and the determination of possible inhibitors, such as antibiotics, which hinder the further processing of the milk into yoghurt or cheese.
  • the total germ count is an indicator of industrial hygiene and animal health. Furthermore, based on deviations in the freezing point of the milk, stretching with water can be recognized.
  • the representativeness of a milk sample is important when taking a sample, since the fat content of a milk changes during a milking process.
  • the fat content of milk typically increases from less than 1% fat at the beginning of milking to 8% to 10% at the end of milking. If a representative milk sample is to be taken during milking, it is important to "resolve” or scan the entire milking process from beginning to end as well as possible when taking the sample got.
  • the milked milk tends, in particular as long as it is at the body temperature of the milked animal, to separate within a short time.
  • This separation process is generally known as creaming and is caused by fat globules in the milk, which have a lower specific gravity than the other milk components and which rise to the surface of a milk faster or slower in the course of a few minutes, depending on their size. Consequently, the ingredients in the milked milk are by no means homogeneously distributed for this reason alone.
  • a representative milk sample is obtained by collecting the entire milk in a milking bucket during milking and stirring it intensively or pouring it several times between two milking buckets immediately after the end of the milking. Immediately after this mixture, at least one milk sample is taken from the middle of the bucket by means of a special small ladle and this is put into a standardized analysis vial, whereby contamination must be avoided.
  • the standardized analysis vials have a capacity of 40 to 50 ml and usually contain a preservative such as Pronopol in tablet form.
  • the identification of the filled analysis bottle usually by position number, RFID number or barcode, means that the milk sample can be assigned to an animal and is analyzed by a laboratory.
  • a milk sample is automatically and directly filled into an analysis bottle at the end of the milking, based on an electronic milk quantity meter according to the so-called "partial split method".
  • a small percentage of milked milk is continuously split off into a permanently installed sample container.
  • atmospheric air is applied to the sample container intermittently, in order to achieve a thorough mixing of the milk collected in the sample container, which is necessary for a representative sample.
  • part of the mixed milk is dispensed directly into an analysis bottle, while the rest is sucked into a milk line and fed to the further milk.
  • this known sampling method requires that the milk flow meter is still subjected to a vacuum at the end of the milking in order to be able to carry out the mixing process and the residual suction. This therefore represents a technical requirement for the milking process that cannot be met in the majority of milking installations, in such a way that the vacuum on the milk meter must be maintained beyond the end of the milking. Furthermore, after the milking process has ended, this method requires an additional time of typically 10 to 30 seconds in order to fill an amount of sample into an analysis vial. This additional time can increase the total milking time considerably, especially in the case of large herds and rapid animal changes such as sheep or goats, and in a way that is unacceptable for modern farms. Furthermore, this sampling scheme is prone to carry over because of the relatively large internal surface area of the device.
  • the partial split method used in this known sampling method has been used for decades in mobile mechanical milk flow meters.
  • the flow of milk / air coming from the udder is accelerated from below via a long straight, upwardly tapering and precisely vertically directed inlet pipe against a horizontal baffle plate in the head of the device.
  • the kinetic energy of the dynamically impinging milk stream creates a homogeneous 360 ° "milk umbrella”.
  • From its periphery typically 1% to 2% of the milked milk is continuously split off through a calibrated nozzle and fed into a measuring cylinder with a volume of approx. 750 ml, on the basis of which the correspondingly graded scale can be used to read the amount of milked milk directly.
  • this measuring system has considerable disadvantages in terms of milking technology:
  • the device has a high flow resistance, which results in a significant drop in the milk flow dependent on the milk flow Milking vacuum level caused.
  • the device is very sensitive to tilt. Since with this measuring principle the accuracy of the splitting off depends directly on the evenness and homogeneity of the milk screen and thus on the amount of kinetic energy and the precise alignment of the milk flow hitting the baffle plate, the disadvantages mentioned are inherent in the principle and cannot be "optimized away”.
  • the desired amount of sample as well as a rough estimate of the expected amount of milk are required as a further control variable in order to maintain the amount of a milk sample to be split off as well as possible and, in particular, not to exceed it . If more than the volume of an analysis vial is split off, there is a risk that milk will overflow into the system and contaminate the milk due to the preservative in the analysis vial.
  • sampling systems described above are sensitive to fluctuations in the vacuum in a measuring chamber in which the amount of milked milk is measured. Furthermore, these sampling systems are sensitive to the smallest leaks in the connection of an analysis vial, such as, for example, small irregularities on the bottle neck of an analysis vial.
  • a device through which milk can flow for performing at least one measurement and for taking milk samples from a milking machine with a measuring device and a sampling device which is designed to supply milk to a sample container.
  • Upstream of the measuring device is a trough open at the top which is designed to receive at least part of the milk that has been separated from the air mixed with it in an air separation device and to guide it in such a way that it at least partially flows to the sampling device.
  • the font DE 94 22 296 U1 shows a milking device for the automatic milking of dairy cows, in which teat cups are connected to a collecting glass by milk lines. At the bottom of the collecting glass there is a connecting piece to which a line is connected. The line is connected to a liquid pump. In a line section of the pump lines are connected in which computer-controlled valves are arranged, which open into sample bottles for taking milk samples.
  • WO 95/23959 A1 shows a device for taking representative milk samples.
  • WO 93/12413 A1 shows a flow meter for a device for representative milk sampling and a use of conductivity measurements to determine the amount of air.
  • U.S. 5,245,946 A shows a flow meter for a device for taking representative milk samples.
  • EP 0 533 020 A1 shows a cleaning of a device after taking a milk sample.
  • DE 35 02 858 A1 and DE 35 28 827 A1 show a pulse device that takes samples at intervals.
  • an object is to provide a sampling device for taking a representative milk sample in a predetermined quantity range from a conveying line in which milk is conveyed during a milking process which has an unknown length, and a method for taking representative To provide milk samples while avoiding the above problems.
  • the invention provides a sampling device for taking a representative milk sample according to claim 1.
  • the method can further include detecting an actual value that denotes the flow rate in the conveying line and / or an actual value denoting a flow rate of the milk conveyed in the conveying line, updating the operating rate Include based on the recorded actual value and an operation of the pump based on the updated operating rate in the first delivery direction.
  • the first and second aspects of the invention described above enable a representative milk sample to be taken in a predetermined quantity range during a milking process of unknown length. Despite the unknown length of the milking process, the representativeness of the milk sample collected is not impaired, since the sampling is carried out by means of a sampling device with a pump, pump control and sample container connection element, with sampling being permitted at a selectable location in a milking device. In particular, contamination by exceeding the specified quantity range by a representative milk sample collected overall during the milking process, e.g. by overflowing a sample container, is avoided.
  • the first and second aspects of the present invention described above also allow a flexible adaptation of the sampling to a wide spread of milk flow rates in delivery lines over delivery intervals of unknown length.
  • the sampling device can be arranged at any point along the delivery line. During sampling, each subset of the sample can be dispensed directly and without pressure into a sample container. This allows the sample to be taken gently so that, for example, the sensitive fat globules contained in the split-off milk are not damaged.
  • the controller is further configured to control the operation of the pump on the basis of a comparison between an actual amount, which corresponds to a delivered actual number of sample subsets, and the predetermined amount range. A premature reaching of the specified quantity range in the conveying interval can thus be recognized and an overflow of a sample container in which the sample subsets are split off can be avoided.
  • the operation of the pump can be controlled on the basis of the recorded actual value of the flow rate. For example, the recorded actual value be compared with at least one previous actual value of the flow rate and the controller can be designed to control the operation of the pump based on the comparison between the actual value of the flow rate and at least one previous actual value.
  • a sampling can be resolved at any time in the conveying interval.
  • a sample can be taken during a milking process with a relatively fine resolution towards the end of the milking process, in particular in the case of low milk flows and a high fat content, if a milking end can be identified on the basis of the comparison.
  • a flow rate of 200 g / min can be viewed as a boundary between milking and blind milking, ie milking without substantial milk being milked.
  • blind milking and thus the end of a milking process, could be recognized in that, on the basis of a current comparison and on the basis of previous comparisons, it is recognized that, after a recognized tendency of decreasing flow rate, there is no longer any significant change in the flow rate, e.g. a change in the flow rate Flow rate is less than a certain value, for example less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1%.
  • a relatively fine resolution can then be achieved by an increased frequency of splitting off a subset of the sample in a unit time interval, for example within one minute.
  • a control based on a comparison between an actual value of the flow rate and at least one previous actual value can, for example, be carried out to the effect that a current measured variable, which represents an actual value of the flow rate, is related to at least one previous measured variable, which represents a previous actual value.
  • a current measured variable which represents an actual value of the flow rate
  • at least one previous measured variable which represents a previous actual value.
  • Represents the value of the flow rate is related, for example a quotient and / or a difference is formed.
  • the pump can be controlled by the controller based on a quotient and / or a difference between actual values, with little effort in terms of electronic evaluation in the controller, with a memory device, for example a DRAM device or an SRAM, in the controller Device or a flash memory device is provided which at least temporarily stores the current actual value and at least one previous actual value.
  • a memory device for example a DRAM device or an SRAM, in the controller Device or a flash memory device is provided which at least temporarily stores the current actual value and at least one previous actual value.
  • the controller is further configured to control the operation of the pump in order to interrupt the first operating mode and a subset of the actual amount of the actual number of sample subsets delivered in an interruption interval in a second operating mode in a second To promote funding direction, which is oriented opposite to the first conveying direction.
  • This enables a partial amount of milk that has been milked to be conveyed in accordance with the actual amount of milk previously conveyed by the pump in the first conveying direction, which is denoted by an actual number of sample subsets, during operation of the pump in the second operating mode at an interruption interval in a second conveying direction.
  • the actual quantity that has been conveyed up to now can deviate by a predetermined value from the predetermined quantity range.
  • the predefined value can be in a range from about 1% to about 25% of an upper limit of the predefined amount range or differ from an upper limit of the predefined amount range by a certain number of sample subsets, which are conveyed in a sample pulse interval in current operation, for example to name a sample subset, two sample subsets, three sample subsets to name a few non-limiting examples.
  • a subset is conveyed along the second conveying direction and thus removed from the previously accumulated amount of sample subsets. This can take place automatically, although the end of a conveying interval is not known and consequently a previously defined partition of a representative sample with a given amount into discrete sample subsets cannot be exactly determined, since the total amount conveyed in the conveying interval is not known before the end of the conveying interval.
  • the controller is further configured to control the pulsed operation of the pump in order to set a number of sample pulse intervals in the first operating mode for the remaining duration of the delivery interval and / or a size of the sample pulse intervals after the interruption interval based on a remaining actual -Quantity to update.
  • an increase in the frequency with which sample subsets are split off which is equivalent to an increase in the number of sample pulse intervals for the remaining duration of the delivery interval, with a corresponding reduction in the length of sample pulse intervals go hand in hand, so that a relative increase in a resolution during sampling is achieved without deteriorating the representativeness of the milk sample.
  • about the first 10% of a milking is decisive for a pregnancy test, so that a high-resolution and at the same time representative milk sample can advantageously be achieved if the pump is controlled in such a way that samples taken initially provide a high resolution, in particular initially increased number of samples or samples are split off with an increased frequency and from a certain point in time the resolution is reduced.
  • a corresponding procedure can be followed at the end of a milking process in order to achieve high-resolution scanning of the end of the milking.
  • a mixing device is also provided in the sampling device, which is designed to mix the actual amount collected in a sample container before the interruption interval.
  • the controller is further configured to activate the mixing device in the second operating mode before the pump is operated in the interruption interval. This ensures that the actual amount is representative of the actual number of sample subsets supported up to the interruption interval.
  • the controller is configured to update a number of sample pulse intervals based on the measured variable.
  • the operation of the pump can be adjusted on the basis of the measured variable without using additional data, such as data from a history of past delivery intervals.
  • the sampling device further comprises a pair of ring electrodes which are designed to detect a conductance of the milk conveyed in the conveying line.
  • the sampling device can determine a measure for the flow rate of the milk in the delivery line independently of external quantity measuring devices and can be operated independently of external databases.
  • the speed of the flow can also be measured and thus the determination of the flow rate can be further improved.
  • the sampling device can furthermore comprise a further pair of ring electrodes, which are designed to detect a conductance of the milk conveyed in the conveying line, the controller being configured to to control an operation of the pump on the basis of the flow rate of milk conveyed in the delivery line based on conductance values which are detected by the pair of ring electrodes and the further pair of ring electrodes.
  • a flow velocity can be determined on the basis of a comparison of the conductance values that are recorded by the two pairs of ring electrodes and one of the time values that are assigned to these conductance values.
  • the sampling device herein can further comprise a calming chamber and a pair of electrodes which are arranged in the calming chamber in order to detect a conductivity of milk in the calming chamber.
  • a contribution of air to the conductance, which is recorded by the pair of ring electrodes, can be calculated out.
  • the sampling device can further comprise an optical flow sensor with a light source and a light detector, which is connected to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the pump on the basis of data output by the optical flow sensor become.
  • the optical flow sensor By means of the optical flow sensor, the flow of milk can be monitored quantitatively in a simple manner, without the need for mechanical contact between milk and sensor, such as with electrical sensor elements.
  • operation of the pump in the first operating mode is interrupted when an actual amount of a delivered actual number of sample subsets approaches the specified amount range up to a specified distance and is determined on the basis of the recorded actual value that a current delivery interval has not yet ended. This prevents an amount of sample subsets that has been conveyed along the first conveying direction and which corresponds to the amount of milk split off up to that point from exceeding the predetermined amount.
  • the method further comprises operating the pump in a second operating mode during an interruption interval in a second conveying direction, which is opposite to the first conveying direction, by a subset of the actual amount of the conveyed actual number of sample subsets in the second conveying direction.
  • the partial amount of the amount of sample subsets that has accumulated up to that point is removed and it can be ensured that in the further course of the conveying interval, sample subsets can continue to be conveyed along the first conveying direction.
  • the second operating mode further comprises mixing the actual amount collected in a sample container before operating the pump in the interruption interval. This ensures that the accumulated sample subsets are representative even after the interruption interval.
  • the method comprises updating the operating rate of the pump based on a remaining actual amount after the interruption interval. This makes it possible to adapt the operation of the pump to the previous course in the delivery interval. As a result, the representativeness of the milk milked in total up to the end of the milking process is improved, since the updating of the operating rate after the interruption interval ensures that a residual filling in the ongoing milking process after the interruption interval is representative of the subsets of the sample to be split off up to the end of the milking process.
  • the method comprises updating a number of sample pulse intervals based on the measured variable after at least one sample pulse interval in the first operating mode.
  • the operation of the pump can be adjusted on the basis of the measured variable without using additional data, such as data from a history of past delivery intervals.
  • the determined operating rate in the first operating mode specifies a three-fold delivery of a predetermined subset of sample per minute.
  • the method further comprises operating the pump in a third operating mode after the first operating mode has been completed, the pump being operated in the third operating mode in a flushing interval for conveying along the second conveying direction.
  • an interval should be a period with a beginning and an end or beginning / end with a (finite) length (corresponds to the amount of a difference between the beginning and the end) or a point in the interval, a so-called support point, and associated distances from this Point in the interval can be understood at the beginning and end of the interval.
  • a point in the interval a so-called support point, and associated distances from this Point in the interval can be understood at the beginning and end of the interval.
  • all points in time in between should also belong to the interval.
  • FIG. 1 some illustrative embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail with reference to a milking device.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a sampling device 100 in accordance with some illustrative embodiments of the present invention.
  • the sampling device 100 is connected to a milk hose 10.
  • the milk hose 10 can, for example, represent a short milk hose which is arranged between a teat cup (not shown) and a claw (not shown), or a long milk hose which is arranged between a claw (not shown) and a collecting container (not shown) .
  • the milked milk flows through the milk tube 10 in a direction 12.
  • the in Fig. 1 The illustrated section of the milk hose 10 optionally have a tightly curved inlet pipe 10a, for example with a bending radius that is smaller than three times the inside diameter of the inlet pipe 10a, which is connected to a downstream measuring section 10b.
  • the inlet pipe 10a can, for example, merge seamlessly into the measuring section 10b; in particular, a diameter of the measuring section 10b can be equal to a diameter of the inlet pipe 10a.
  • the measuring section 10b can have two ring electrodes 14 which are electrically insulated from one another and through which milk, which is guided in the milk hose 10, flows.
  • the ring electrodes 14 are spaced from one another by a defined distance along the direction 12, for example at a distance between 5 mm and 7 cm, preferably in a range between 5 mm and 35 mm, more preferably in a range between 10 mm and 25 mm, around 20 mm.
  • a flow rate sensor can be provided which functions as follows: a milk flowing in the milk hose 10 fills the cross section of the measuring section 10b to different degrees depending on a flow rate of the milk in the milk hose 10, in particular the measuring section 10b due to the milk flowing in the milk hose 10 is dependent on the The flow rate of the milk in the measuring section 10b is filled to a different extent.
  • a contact area between the milk flowing in the milk tube 10 and the ring electrodes 14 changes and there are measured values for a conductivity of the milk flowing in the milk tube 10, which are recorded by the ring electrodes 14.
  • a quantitative relationship can be established between the conductivity measured by the ring electrodes 14 and the flow rate of the milk in the milk hose 10 at the measuring section 10b, for example by performing a calibration measurement, this relationship, together with a measured value measured by the ring electrodes 14, can result in a corresponding value for the flow rate of the milk in the milk hose 10.
  • a corresponding relationship can be provided by a lookup table or LUT, which can be stored in a memory device (not shown).
  • the speed of the milk flowing through the conveying line 10 on the measuring section 10b can also be determined by measuring the time interval between contact of the milk with the pair of ring electrodes 14 'and with the pair of ring electrodes 14. Since the flow in a milking system does not usually take place completely uniformly, but rather in the form of increasing and decreasing plugs, these can be used as trigger points for a speed measurement by the ring electrode pairs 14, 14 '.
  • the illustrated sequence of the pairs of spaced-apart ring electrodes 14 and 14 ' is merely exemplary and does not represent a restriction of the invention. Alternatively, an sequence of the pairs of ring electrodes 14 and 14' can be interchanged.
  • the measuring section 10b can have three spaced-apart ring electrodes in order to be able to determine the conductivity and the flow rate, with one ring electrode of the in Fig. 1 illustrated pair of ring electrodes 14 or a ring electrode of the in Fig. 1 illustrated pair of ring electrodes 14 'is not provided.
  • a further spaced-apart ring electrode e.g. one of the pair of ring electrodes 14 '
  • the middle ring electrode of these three spaced-apart ring electrodes as a common electrode for the conductivity measurement and for the Flow velocity measurement can be used.
  • air transported in the milk tube 10 which is transported through the milk tube 10 together with the milked milk flowing in the milk tube and consequently forms a milk / air mixture in the milk tube 10, can before entry are separated into the measuring section 10b, so that a flow rate of the milk flowing in the milk tube 10 can be determined more precisely, provided that a more precise determination of the flow rate of the milk is desired.
  • a calming chamber 18 is arranged downstream of the measuring section 10b, in which one on a bottom of the calming chamber 18 arranged cup-like recess 19 optionally point electrodes 20 for a conductance measurement of the calmed pure milk located in the cup-like recess 19 can be located.
  • a comparison value can be determined on the basis of measured values that are recorded by the point electrodes 20 in the cup-like depression 19 of the calming chamber 18 so that the proportion of air in the milk / air mixture that is also recorded in the measuring section 10b can also be calculated out.
  • a connecting line 22 is led away from the cup-like recess 19, for example at the bottom of the cup-like recess 19.
  • the connecting line 22 is connected to a pump 108 of the sampling device 100 and is designed to take milk samples from the milk hose 10, as will be explained in more detail below. This does not represent a limitation of the present invention and the connecting line can be branched off from the milk hose 10 at another point.
  • the sampling device 100 furthermore comprises a controller 109, which is designed to control an operation of the pump 108.
  • the controller 109 can be connected to the ring electrodes 14 and / or the point electrodes 20 in order to receive measured values of the connected electrodes 14 and / or 20.
  • the controller 109 can be designed to determine a flow rate of the milk flowing in the milk tube 10 through the measurement section 10b on the basis of the measured values obtained and / or to take into account the proportion of air and / or the flow speed in accordance with the explanations above.
  • the controller 109 can be connected to an electronic evaluation unit (not shown) which determines a flow rate on the basis of measured values from the ring electrodes 14 and transmits this to the controller 109.
  • the flow rate determined by the electronic evaluation unit (not shown) can be offset against measured values from the point electrodes 20 before or after it is transmitted to the controller 109 in order to obtain a flow rate adjusted with regard to air and the flow velocity.
  • the controller 109 can be designed to receive the measured values recorded by the ring electrodes 14.
  • the controller 109 can be designed to store a current measured value in an internal or to store an external storage device (not shown) as an actual value and to compare it with at least one previous actual value.
  • a comparison between an actual value and at least one previous actual value can be made to the effect that the current actual value is related to at least one previous actual value, for example by forming a quotient and / or a difference.
  • a comparison between different flow rates can be made without directly determining absolute values for flow rates.
  • the pump 108 can be controlled by the controller 109 on the basis of a quotient and / or a difference between actual values with little effort with regard to an electronic evaluation in the controller 109, with a storage device (not shown) in the controller 109,
  • a storage device (not shown) in the controller 109,
  • a DRAM device or an SRAM device or a flash memory device is provided, which at least temporarily stores the current actual value and at least one previous actual value.
  • measured values recorded by the ring electrodes 14 represent a measure of a flow rate, as can be established according to the above description on the basis of a previously determined relationship, no explicit distinction is made in the following between the measured value and the flow rate. Further details of the controller 109 are described in detail below.
  • a check valve 102 can be arranged between the pump 108 and the milk hose 10, which blocks a flow of milk directed from the pump 108 to the milk hose 10 and for a flow of milk from the milk hose 10 to the Pump 108 is directed, is open.
  • a branch is formed in the connecting line 22 between the check valve 102 and the pump 108 and is in fluid connection with a waste container 106.
  • a further check valve 104 is arranged between the pump 108 and the waste container 106, which is open for a flow of milk directed from the pump 108 to the waste container 106, so that milk can flow in this direction to the waste container 106, but a flow of milk in Opposite direction, in particular from the waste container to the check valve 102 is blocked.
  • a branch in the connecting line 22 can be formed between the check valve 104 and the pump 108, which branch is in fluid connection with the milk hose 10 via the check valve 102.
  • the sampling device 100 can furthermore have a sample container receptacle 112, which is used to receive a sample container (not shown), for example an analysis vial, is formed.
  • the sample container receptacle 112 can be connected to the pump via a connecting line 110, the connecting line 110 extending from the pump 108 to a sample container (not shown) which is arranged in the sample container receptacle 112 during operation of the sampling device 100.
  • the connecting line 110 alone or together with the sample container receptacle 112 can represent a sample container connection element.
  • the sample container receptacle 112 can have a centering ring 114 for a sample container, so that a sample container (not shown) can be received in the sample container receptacle 112 in a precisely defined manner. This enables a reliable connection between the sample container receptacle 112 and a sample container (not shown), with leaks and an undesired escape of sample liquid during sampling being avoided.
  • an air inlet 116 or alternatively / additionally a stirrer 118 as a mixing device or a mixer can be arranged on the container receptacle 112 in order to use the air inlet 116 to transfer sample liquid filled into a sample container (not shown) during operation of the sampling device 100 and / or the stirrer 118 to mix.
  • the air inlet 116 can be brought into communication with an air reservoir (not shown) via a solenoid valve 120 in order to introduce air in a controlled manner via the air inlet 116 for mixing into a sample container (not shown).
  • ventilation hoses 16 can also be connected to the sample container 112 and / or the waste container 106 in order to avoid an undesirable pressure increase in the waste container 106 and / or a sample container (not shown).
  • the pump 108 can be operated in such a way that it can convey a liquid present in the connecting line 22 along two mutually opposite conveying directions 122 and 124.
  • milk can be drawn from the milk hose 10 via the connecting line 22 through the pump 108 along the conveying direction 122 through the check valve 102 into the sample container receptacle 112 and in particular a sample container (not shown) arranged in the sample container receptacle 112.
  • an accumulated milk located in a sample container (not shown) within the sample container receptacle 112 can be transported by the pump 108 along the conveying direction 124 via the check valve 104 into the waste container 106.
  • the sampling device 100 for taking a representative milk sample in a predetermined quantity range in particular a volume of a sample container (not shown), for example an analysis vial with a volume of 40 to 50 ml, is conveyed from a milk hose 10 in a milking process of unknown length , in particular the milking time at the beginning of a milking process is not known.
  • the pump 108 is a positive displacement pump, for example a gear pump, a rotary piston pump, a vane pump, an impeller pump, a hose pump, a piston pump or a diaphragm pump.
  • the pump is a gear pump, for example a very slowly rotating gear pump with comparatively large teeth, so that sensitive fat globules are not damaged in the representative milk samples conveyed, or a peristaltic pump.
  • a gear pump employed in accordance with some illustrative embodiments may have a number of teeth from a range of 10 to 15, e.g., 12, with a modulus between 0.5 and 1, e.g., 0.7.
  • a tooth width can be, for example, in a range from 2 mm to 7 mm, for example 5 mm.
  • a pitch circle diameter can range from 5 to 10 mm, e.g., 8.4 mm.
  • a flow rate can range from in a range from 20 to 100 ml / min.
  • a speed can be in a range from 1.5 to 8 revolutions per second.
  • the controller 109 may include or be in communication with a microprocessor (not shown) that is configured to receive data from a flow rate sensor.
  • the controller 109 may include or be in communication with a microprocessor configured to receive data from the ring electrodes 14 on the measuring section 10b and / or the point electrodes 20 in the calming chamber 18.
  • the controller 109 as described above, can be configured to determine an actual value of the flow rate in the milk hose 10 from received measured values of the flow rate sensor 14 and / or the point electrodes 20 or one of a value relating to the controller 109 external evaluation device to receive certain actual value of the flow rate.
  • a current actual value should be understood to mean a currently measured value and / or a variable derived from the currently measured value, for example a flow rate, conductivity, quantity and the like.
  • measurement data are provided with a time indicator so that measurement data can also be assigned to times which designate a point in time at which measurement data were recorded.
  • the current actual value can represent a corrected current actual value in which the proportion of air in a milk / air mixture within the milk tube 10 and / or the flow rate is calculated, as described above.
  • a previous actual value should be understood to mean an actual value that is at least temporarily stored in a memory device (not shown), which results from a previous measurement with respect to a current actual value and was stored in the memory device (not shown).
  • a stored value can be assigned a time value when it is stored, which, for example, can be indicative of a point in time of storage or a time indicator of the measurement.
  • the controller 109 can then, as described above, control an operation of the pump 108, for example by specifying sample pulse intervals in which a discrete subset of sample is conveyed along the conveying direction 122 to the sample container receptacle 112 with regard to their length and their Frequency can be determined in an operation of the pump 108.
  • a frequency of sample pulse intervals can be determined by a corresponding distribution of the support points of intervals over a unit time interval, for example one minute.
  • a three-time withdrawal of sample subsets in a unit interval of one minute is set by arranging support points at an interval of 20 seconds.
  • the interval length must be taken into account, in particular that the frequency is only well-defined as long as a distance between two successive support points per unit interval is greater than the smallest interval length from the interval lengths that is assigned to these two support points.
  • the operation of the pump 108 corresponds to a pulsed operation in which the pump 108 delivers a discrete subset of the sample during individual sample pulse intervals.
  • a total number of discrete sample subsets which are conveyed in a milking process over the entire milking time by the pump 108 then corresponds to a total volume of a representative milk sample which is taken in the milking process.
  • the total volume of a representative milk sample to be conveyed in the conveying direction 122 during the milking process is less than or equal to the specified quantity range of a representative milk sample , in particular a predetermined volume of a sample container.
  • a predetermined quantity range can be in a range up to 40 ml or up to 50 ml.
  • a volume of a discrete subset of the sample can be determined.
  • a fixed conveying speed can be specified for the pump 108 in the sample pulse intervals (without taking into account the switching on and off of the pump).
  • a delivery speed of the pump 108 can depend on an actual value of the flow rate of the milk in the milk hose 100 and / or depend on a current total amount of sample subsets that have been split off.
  • a speed of the pump 108 can depend on a point in time within a milking process, for example a conveying speed of the pump can be reduced in accordance with a decreasing flow rate of the milk conveyed in the milk hose 10.
  • the pump 108 can have at least two different delivery speeds, wherein one of the at least two different delivery speeds can be selected as a function of an actual value of the flow rate.
  • a frequency of the sample pulse intervals can be set depending on the flow rate of the milk conveyed in the milk hose 10, for example the frequency can increase in accordance with an increasing flow rate and decrease in accordance with a decreasing flow rate.
  • a frequency of the sample pulse intervals (depending on a length of the sample pulse intervals) can be set to at least three sample pulse intervals per minute. If necessary, the speed of the pump 108 can be adjusted accordingly in order to set a desired frequency of sample pulse intervals per minute, that a length of the sample pulse intervals is reduced with a simultaneous increase in the conveying speed, for example while maintaining the subset of sample conveyed in a sample pulse interval.
  • a fixed output value for the speed of the pump 108 and / or an initial sample pulse interval can be stored in the controller 109.
  • the controller 109 can correct the operation of the pump 108 based on an actual value of the flow rate of the milk conveyed in the milk hose 10 to the effect that an updated sample plus interval is established that allows further operation of the pump 108 is used.
  • An originally specified initial frequency of sample pulse intervals per minute can also be updated. In this way, taking a sample based on an actual value of the current milk flow in the milk hose 10 can be coordinated with the current milk flow and thus with an approximate point in time in a milking process.
  • a frequency of the sample pulse intervals per minute can be increased with a decreasing milk flow in the milk hose 10 (can indicate the end of a milking process), so that a number of discrete sample subsets towards the end of a milking process, in which there is a low milk flow with a very high fat content, can be increased.
  • a frequency of the sample pulse intervals per minute can be increased with a decreasing milk flow in the milk hose 10 (can indicate the end of a milking process), so that a number of discrete sample subsets towards the end of a milking process, in which there is a low milk flow with a very high fat content, can be increased.
  • a conveying speed of the pump 108 can additionally or alternatively be increased from an initially low or minimum conveying speed 108 depending on an actual value of the flow rate of the milk conveyed in the milk hose 10.
  • a finer resolution at the end of a milking process with low milk flows and a high fat content is achieved in that a conveying speed of the pump 108 is reduced towards the end and a frequency of Sample pulse intervals is increased.
  • a length of sample pulse intervals towards the end of the milking can be reduced while the conveying speed of the pump 108 remains the same or increases.
  • the pump 108 can be operated continuously at a low conveying speed along the conveying direction 122 within a sample pulse interval in order to split off a representative milk sample virtually continuously over a milking process. In this case, a very large number of discrete sample subsets are obtained over a milking process, which are to be regarded as quasi-continuous for a continuous operation of the pump 108 at a low conveying speed.
  • the pump 108 is configured to convey milk along the conveying direction 124 via the check valve 104 to the waste container 106.
  • the controller 109 detects a degree of filling of a sample container (not shown) arranged in the sample container receptacle 112. According to some illustrative examples herein, this can be determined by adding up or integrating the sample subsets conveyed by the pump 108 along the conveying direction 122 up to that point, with an amount of an individual discrete sample subset being determinable by means of the conveying speed of the pump 108. Additionally or alternatively, a sensor (not shown) can be provided on the sample container receptacle in order to determine a degree of filling of a sample container in the sample container receptacle 112 or to detect a critical filling level in the sample container (not shown) being exceeded.
  • the controller 109 carries out a check on the basis of an actual value of the flow rate of the milk conveyed in the milk hose 100 to determine whether a milking process is in progress
  • the end is or the end of a current milking process can be estimated (for example by the fact that the actual value falls below a predetermined limit value that estimates the end of the milking process - this limit value can be set in advance in the control system or by a user based on empirical values can be entered) and how many further discrete sample subsets are to be conveyed by then.
  • the pump begins the further operating mode, which is referred to below as the interruption operating mode.
  • the controller 109 of the pump 108 is configured to control operation of the pump 108 in the interruption operating mode, see above that a subset of the actual amount of the actual number of sample subsets conveyed is conveyed in an interruption interval in the conveying direction 124.
  • a volume of the connecting line 22 from the sample container (not shown) to the check valve 104 can be taken into account in order to ensure that a well-defined partial amount is reliably fed to the waste container 106 during the interruption interval.
  • the controller 109 is configured after the end of the interruption interval to update a number of sample pulse intervals for the remaining duration of the current milking process and / or a size of the sample pulse intervals after the interruption interval based on a remaining actual amount in the sample container.
  • an actual amount in the sample container corresponds to a difference between the actual amount and the actual number of sample subsets conveyed before the interruption interval was carried out minus the partial amount removed.
  • the partial amount can be removed in such a way that about half of the actual amount or half of the specified amount range is present in the sample container (not shown) after the interruption interval.
  • specific illustrative examples e.g. B.
  • the controller is configured to update a filling level in the sample container (not shown), if this is not detected by a sensor (not shown) arranged on the sample container receptacle 112, by adding the partial quantity of the summed up amount of sample subsets is subtracted.
  • the controller 109 can furthermore be designed to operate a mixing device, in particular the air inlet 116 and / or the stirrer 118 in the interruption operating mode before the interruption interval is carried out, in order to activate the actual data collected in a sample container (not shown) before the interruption operating mode. Amount to mix. This ensures that the partial amount is taken from a homogeneous mixture in the interruption interval and the remaining actual amount is still representative of the interruption interval for the cumulative discrete subset of samples collected up to that point.
  • the controller 109 can be configured to repeat the above-described interruption operating mode a number of times. This ensures that a representative milk sample in a predetermined quantity range is reliably split off during a milking process with a previously unknown length and no overflow of a sample container (not shown) occurs in the sample container receptacle 112 during the sampling.
  • the filling level is preferably updated after each interruption operating mode or each is offset in an interruption interval along the conveying direction 124 when determining the filling level by integrating the sample subsets collected up to that point with the conveyed subsets set as negative.
  • FIG. 2 possible positions of the above based on Fig. 1 described sampling device 100 according to various illustrative embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a milking device 200 with a plurality of teat cups 204 which are connected to a claw 208 via short milk hoses 206.
  • the claw 208 is connected via a long milk hose 210 to a collecting container 212 which is connected via a milk line 214 to a milking pump 216 which applies a milking vacuum to the teat cups 204 during a milking process.
  • an udder 202 of a cow (not shown) is milked during a milking process.
  • At least one sampling device as described above can be provided in the milking device 200.
  • a vent 224 can be provided on the sampling device 220a-d, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2 is shown. The vent 224 can have the effect that there is approximately equal pressure between the sampling device 220a-d and the collecting container 212.
  • a sampling device 220a may be disposed on the collection container 212.
  • the sampling device 220a can be arranged at the entrance of the collecting container 212, wherein an overflow basin 213 is arranged at the entrance of the collecting container 212, into which milked milk from the long milk tube 210 runs, the overflow basin 213 overflows and collects at the bottom of the collecting container 212.
  • a small outlet bore opening into the collecting container 212 can be made, which ensures that the contents in the overflow basin 213 are continuously exchanged and that the overflow basin is emptied at the end of the milking.
  • a pump 222a which can correspond to the pump 108 described above, a representative milk sample can be taken in accordance with the description above for the sampling device 100.
  • a sampling device 200b can be arranged below a splash wall 214 in the collecting container 212, with milk fed through the long milk hose 210 bouncing off the splash wall 214, flowing off along it and collecting on the bottom of the collecting container 212.
  • a further collecting basin 215 can be arranged below the splash wall 214, which collects part of the milk flowing off the splash wall 214. At the bottom of this further collecting basin 215 there can be a connection line to a pump 222b, which can correspond to the pump 108 described above.
  • a sampling device 220c corresponding to the above-described sampling device 100 can be arranged at the bottom of the collecting container 212, wherein a connecting line leading from the collecting container 212 to the outside can take a representative milk sample via a pump 222c, as above with regard to Fig. 1 is described. Since the delivery rate of the pump 222c is not influenced by the pressure at its inlet, the level of the milk collected in the collecting container 212 (hydrostatic pressure) does not play a role in the functioning of the sampling device.
  • a sampling device 220d which can take a representative milk sample via a pump 222d, can be arranged in a milk line downstream of the collecting container 212.
  • the sampling device 222d may correspond to the sampling device 100 described above.
  • a sampling device 220e can be arranged on a short milk hose 206 between a teat cup 204 and the claw 208 in order to take a representative milk sample by means of a pump 222e.
  • the sampling device 222e can correspond to the sampling device 100 described above.
  • a sampling device 220f can be arranged on a long milk hose 210, which device can take a representative milk sample by means of a pump 222f.
  • the sampling device 222f can correspond to the sampling device 100 described above.
  • FIG. 3a a plan view of the flow rate sensor 300 along a vertical direction
  • FIG. 13 shows a horizontal side sectional view of the flow rate sensor 300 along the section line aa in FIG Fig. 3a , where the section line aa from Fig. 3a as a guide in Figure 3b is drawn.
  • the flow rate sensor 300 can be connected, for example, to a short milk hose (not shown), a long milk hose (not shown) or a milk line (not shown).
  • the flow rate sensor 300 can be arranged in the short milk hose (not shown), in the long milk hose (not shown) or in the milk line (not shown) in such a way that an inlet into the flow rate sensor 300 comes from the short milk hose (not shown), the long Milk hose (not shown) or from the milk line (not shown) flows in along an arrow 301 and leaves the flow rate sensor 300 along an arrow 303 to enter the short milk hose (not shown), long milk hose (not shown) or into the milk line (not shown) shown) to re-enter.
  • the milk flow thus completely flows through the flow rate sensor 300 during a milking process.
  • the flow rate sensor 300 is designed in the form of a horizontally oriented spiral 310, for example an Archimedean spiral, so that a milk flow supplied to the flow rate sensor 300 flows through the spiral 310 in a substantially horizontal plane from the outside to the inside. This results in an acceleration of the angular velocity of the milk flow along the spiral 310, so that the milk flow is introduced into a measuring section 312 adjoining downstream of the spiral 310 with an azimuthal acceleration component with respect to an axis A of the measuring section 312.
  • a horizontally oriented spiral 310 for example an Archimedean spiral
  • the measuring section 312 can have a pair of ring electrodes 314, which are similar to the Fig. 1 ring electrodes 14 described above can be formed.
  • the ring electrodes 314 can be arranged in order to measure a conductivity of the milk flow flowing through the ring electrodes 314.
  • the azimuthal component of the acceleration at the input of the measuring section 312 leads to the measuring section 312 being completely covered azimuthally by a film of milk and thus a stable and sensitive measurement of the instantaneous electrical resistance of the ring electrodes 314 through which the flow is flowing.
  • a connecting line (not shown) can be provided on the measuring section 312, which is similar to the connecting line 22 in FIG Fig. 1 is formed above and to which a sampling device (in the Figures 3a and 3b not shown), similar to the sampling device 100 in FIG Fig. 1 .
  • a sample can also be taken directly at the flow rate sensor 300.
  • At least one further ring electrode can be provided in order to correspond to the description Fig. 1 to form a speed sensor above. Please refer to the corresponding description Fig. 1 Referenced.
  • the flow rate sensor 300 can also be designed as an optical sensor.
  • Figure 3c FIG. 13 shows an optical flow rate sensor 300 'which is an alternative to the ring electrodes 314 in FIG Figure 3b can be provided, the optical flow rate sensor 300 'below the Archimedean spiral according to the arrows 303 in FIG Figure 3b and 3c can be arranged.
  • the conduit 312 can have an optical measuring section 312 ', which can be U-shaped and wherein on opposite sides of the measuring section 312' a light source 320, for example in the form of a light-emitting diode or a laser diode or the like, and a light detector 330, e.g.
  • a photocell or a photoresistor or the like may be attached.
  • the mutually facing ends of the measuring section 312 ′ on the side of the light source 320 and the side of the light detector 330 can be formed, for example, by elements or have material sections that are transparent at least in a section of the light emitted by the light source (not shown).
  • a window section (not shown) can be formed in each case in the measuring section 312 ′ on opposite sides.
  • the light source 320 continuously generates a light beam or, alternatively, a light pulse with a defined length that penetrates the measuring section 312', exits at the opposite end of the measuring section 312 'and falls on the light detector 330, as indicated by arrows in Figure 3c is indicated schematically.
  • a measured variable is recorded in the light detector 330, such as an electric current, for example. If milk now flows through the measurement section 312 ′ during a measurement, light is absorbed, which is detected by the light detector 330, for example the absorption of light by milk leads to an electrical current flowing through the light detector 330 being reduced.
  • the degree of light absorption within the measuring section 312 ′ depends on a layer thickness of the milk flowing through the conduit 312, a measurement of a Measured variable which represents the degree of light absorption, thus representing a quantitative measure for the flow of milk through the conduit 312, for example an amount of milk flowing through the conduit 312 within a measuring time.
  • an optical flow rate sensor corresponding to the optical flow rate sensor 300 ′ in FIG Figure 3c at the measuring section 312 in Figure 3b be arranged additionally or alternatively to the ring electrodes 314.
  • a light source (in Figure 3b not shown) corresponding to the light source 320 in FIG Figure 3c arranged on one side of the conduit at the measuring section 312 and a light detector (in Figure 3b not shown) corresponding to the light detector 330 in FIG Figure 3c is arranged on another side of the conduit at the measuring section 312, so that the light source and the light detector are opposite one another and are aligned with one another.
  • the conduit pipe is at least partially optically transparent for radiation which can be detected by the light detector and which is emitted by the light source.
  • the conduit pipe is at least partially optically transparent for radiation which can be detected by the light detector and which is emitted by the light source.
  • two optically transparent sections are formed in the measurement section, through which an optical axis is directed from the light source to the light detector and along which the light detector can detect radiation emitted by the light source, the optical axis being transverse to an axis of the conduit is oriented on the measuring section 312.
  • a milking device 400 with a sampling device 410 is shown schematically.
  • the milking device 410 comprises a line 402, for example a short milk hose, a long milk hose, a milk line or a collecting container.
  • a connecting line 412, which connects the sampling device 410 to the line 402, is branched off at the line 402.
  • the lower end of the line 413 between the pump 414 and the sampling device 410 can at least partially extend into the sample container 420.
  • the sampling device 410 comprises a pump 414 which is designed to split off a subset of the sample from the line 402 along a first conveying direction 418 and to convey a quantity of split-off milk in a second conveying direction 419.
  • the pump 414 can be operated in a first operating mode, in which the pump 414 splits off a representative milk sample from the line 402, in a second operating mode corresponding to the interruption operating mode described above, in which a subset of a sample is taken with the sample container 420 connected to the sampling device 410 is removed along the second conveying direction 419 and operated in a third operating mode, as will be described in more detail below.
  • a controller 416 can be provided, which can represent an element of the sampling device 410 or is designed external to the sampling device 410 and can be coupled to it.
  • the controller 416 can be designed to operate the pump 414 in the various operating modes.
  • the first operating mode can be according to the description above Fig. 1 be carried out, whereby the sample subsets are split off.
  • the second mode of operation can be carried out according to the interruption mode of operation described above, as with respect to Fig. 1 is described above, the first operating mode being interrupted and the second operating mode being carried out.
  • an interruption of the first operating mode and further operation of the pump in the second operating mode during the interruption of the first operating mode can take place when the actual amount delivered so far approaches the specified quantity range and in particular deviates from it by a maximum of a specified value.
  • the predefined value can be in a range from about 1% to about 25% of an upper limit of the predefined amount range or differ from an upper limit of the predefined amount range by a certain number of sample subsets, which are conveyed in a sample pulse interval in current operation, for example to name a sample subset, two sample subsets, three sample subsets to name a few non-limiting examples.
  • milk can be taken from the sample container 420 into a waste container (not shown) corresponding to the waste container 106 in FIG Fig. 1 pumped back or pumped back into line 402. The latter case can take place when there is no preservative in the sample container 420.
  • the connecting line 412 is flushed after the first operating mode has been completed.
  • the third operating mode is carried out in order to prevent the so-called carry-over problem.
  • the third operating mode takes place at the end of a milking process and in particular at the start of a subsequent milking process, the pump 414 being operated at the beginning of the subsequent milking process along the second conveying direction 419 for a flushing interval, for example for a period of one second to ten seconds, preferably one Second to seven seconds, more preferred at about three seconds to seven seconds, for example at about five seconds, so that it is guaranteed that any remaining milk from the cow milked in the previous milking process is removed from the connecting line 412.
  • a sampling device which can be operated independently of an electronic connection to a milk meter or to another data network.
  • a sample can be taken during a milking process, in which a filling of a sample container which can be used for a laboratory evaluation can be split off in a sample container despite a previously unknown milking time in a sample container without excessive loss of milked milk occurring.
  • a mobile sampling device which, for example, according to the description of the sampling device 100 in FIG Fig. 1 be designed and corresponding to one of the sampling devices 220a to 220f in Fig. 2 can be arranged in a milking device.
  • the sampling device described below can be independent of a separate flow rate sensor, as above with regard to the Figures 1 to 3 is described, work and functions in particular independently of an electronic connection to a milk meter (in the Fig. 1 and 2 not shown) or to another data network (in Fig. 1 and 2 not shown).
  • sampling device described below does not necessarily fall back on empirical values for an animal to be milked, unless corresponding data from the sampling device is created in a history of past milking processes and stored in an external or internal storage device (in the Fig. 1 and 2 not shown), which is connected to the sampling device.
  • an external or internal storage device in the Fig. 1 and 2 not shown
  • the sampling device now described instead of resorting to animal-specific empirical data sets, only a general one Estimation for the average amount of milk to be expected in a herd (or possibly feeding group).
  • a problem that occurs in particular with mobile devices of missing animal-specific expected quantities e.g. with a mobile sampling device without intermediate storage of milk samples in an intermediate storage, can be countered according to some embodiments of the invention according to the following description.
  • a proportion of the milk to be split off in the total milk is estimated.
  • a splitting rate can be estimated, which is calculated by a quotient from a desired filling of a sample container, e.g. 30ml to 50ml and a predetermined expected value.
  • the predetermined expected value can be entered by an operator, for example based on his experience with a herd or an animal to be milked, or it can be fixed as an initial value in the sampling device.
  • the predetermined expected value can be in a range from 6 kg to 30 kg. Illustrative examples can result in a release rate between 0.1% and approx. 0.9% or 1000 ppm to 9000 ppm.
  • a subset is determined which indicates after which in a delivery line, e.g. the delivery line 10 in Fig. 1 , a milk quantity delivered to a milking device, a subset of the sample is to be split off.
  • the subset can be determined as a quotient from the expected value to the desired number of sample subsets.
  • an amount for each sample sub-amount of 60 g to 900 g can result.
  • sampling is started with a uniform and tends to be too high rate of cleavage.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by specifying an expected value that is too low or an expected value that is underestimated in the first step.
  • an estimate of the average amount of milk for a herd can be made and this can be offset against a weighting factor from a range between 0 and 1, eg 0.70.
  • this can result in an underestimated expected value of 10.5 kg.
  • This underestimated expected value can have the consequence that a sample container is usually already in place before the end of milking is completely filled.
  • a sample container has reached or exceeded a filling level of at least 40 ml, e.g. 48 ml
  • a number of sample subsets that are still in the pump and in connecting lines to the sample container are transferred to the sample container pumped and the pump is stopped.
  • a mixing process then takes place, which is applied to the milk in the sample container.
  • air can be introduced into the sample container as a blast of air below the milk surface, or thorough mixing can be carried out with a built-in stirrer.
  • the milk constituents of the now homogeneous milk collected in the bottle are representative of the milk that has been milked from the animal up to this point in time.
  • a part, e.g. 10 to 30 ml, preferably 20 ml +/- 5 ml, of the mixed milk is pumped out of the sample container again by the pump switched in reverse gear and disposed of via a side channel into a waste container.
  • the representativeness of the homogeneous milk remaining in the bottle is not changed by the pumping.
  • the sampling device can calculate a new splitting rate through the control of the pump or an additional CPU, which is achieved by the ratio of the remaining amount in the sample container, which is 48 ml minus 20 ml, for example, to a complete filling or one before the reduction Filling level, for example 48 ml, is reduced.
  • This new splitting rate means the following: if this newly calculated splitting rate had been used from the start of milking, the exact amount of milk remaining after pumping would have been collected in the sample container by this time, for example 28 ml would have been filled into the bottle according to the explicit numerical values.
  • the control can now continue the operation of the pump in the operating mode that was interrupted by the interruption operating mode with this newly calculated splitting rate.
  • the sample container can now be filled from the remaining part of the animal's milk until the end of the milking.
  • the milk contents of this residual filling are again representative of the remaining part of the animal's milking. This ensures that the entire filling in the analysis bottle is representative for the entire milk of the animal.
  • the second operating mode can be repeated.
  • the resulting next new splitting rate would then be the current splitting rate multiplied by a reduction factor described above, for example a reduction to 28 ml from an initial filling of 48 ml results in a reduction factor of 28/48.
  • the pump described above with respect to various embodiments can be a positive displacement pump.
  • a pump can be provided, the flow rate of which is only slightly dependent on the delivery head of the pump.
  • a delivery flow of this pump can be set very precisely and reproducibly via the stroke height and number of strokes, which leads to a delivery of very precisely and reproducibly set discrete sample subsets.
  • corresponding pumps are also suitable for low drive speeds, which can be advantageous, for example, in conveying milk samples in order to damage the sensitive fat globules in milk samples as little as possible.
  • the present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments with reference to a milking process, this does not represent a limitation of the invention.
  • the invention is applicable to any system in which a food is conveyed in conveying intervals in a conveying line and representative samples of the conveyed in the conveying line Food are to be split off in the delivery interval.
  • the invention provides an advantageous sampling device that is capable of taking representative samples can be taken, even if the delivery interval is not fully known at the time the sample was started.

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) permettant de prélever un échantillon représentatif de lait dans une plage de quantité prédéfinie à partir d'une conduite de transport (10) au sein de laquelle du lait est transporté à des intervalles de transport de longueur inconnue, comprenant :
    une pompe (108),
    une commande (109) de la pompe (108), et
    un élément de raccord de récipient à échantillons (112) relié à la pompe (108),
    dans lequel la commande (109) est configurée pour, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement et pendant un intervalle de transport, commander un fonctionnement en mode pulsé de la pompe (108) en se basant sur la plage de quantité prédéfinie et sur une grandeur mesurée indiquant un débit d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10) et/ou sur une grandeur mesurée indiquant une vitesse d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10) et/ou sur une grandeur prédéfinie indiquant une quantité totale de lait à transporter grâce à la conduite de transport (10) pendant un intervalle de transport,
    dans lequel la pompe (108) transporte une sous-quantité discrète d'échantillons le long d'une première direction de transport (122) de la pompe (108) pendant le fonctionnement en mode pulsé et pendant respectivement un intervalle d'impulsion d'échantillon,
    dans lequel la plage de quantité prédéfinie est supérieure ou égale à une quantité totale correspondant à un nombre total de sous-quantités discrètes d'échantillons pendant l'intervalle de transport,
    dans lequel la commande (109) est en outre configurée pour réduire une vitesse de transport de la pompe (108) et augmenter une fréquence d'intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon lorsque le débit d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10) diminue.
  2. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la commande (109) est en outre configurée pour commander le fonctionnement de la pompe (108) sur la base d'une comparaison entre une quantité réelle, correspondant à un nombre réel de sous-quantités d'échantillons transportées, et la plage de quantité prédéfinie, et
    dans lequel la commande (109) est configurée pour commander le fonctionnement de la pompe (108) afin d'interrompre le premier mode de fonctionnement et de transporter une quantité partielle de la quantité réelle correspondant au nombre réel de sous-quantités d'échantillons transportées pendant un intervalle d'interruption, dans un second mode de fonctionnement et dans une seconde direction de transport (124) orientée à l'opposé de la première direction de transport (122).
  3. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la commande (109) est en outre configurée pour commander le fonctionnement en mode pulsé de la pompe (108) afin, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, de mettre à jour un nombre d'intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon pour la durée résiduelle de l'intervalle de transport et/ou mettre à jour une grandeur des intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon après l'intervalle d'interruption en se basant sur une quantité réelle restante.
  4. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, comprenant en outre un dispositif de mélange (116, 118) conçu pour mélanger la quantité réelle collectée dans un récipient à échantillons avant l'intervalle d'interruption, dans lequel la commande (109) est en outre configuré pour activer le dispositif de mélange (116, 118) dans le second mode de fonctionnement pendant l'intervalle d'interruption avant un fonctionnement de la pompe (108).
  5. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la commande (109) est configurée pour mettre à jour un nombre d'intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon après au moins un intervalle d'impulsion d'échantillon en se basant sur la grandeur mesurée.
  6. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant en outre une paire d'électrodes annulaires (14) conçue pour enregistrer une conductance du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10).
  7. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon la revendication 6, comprenant en outre une chambre de stabilisation et une paire d'électrodes agencées dans la chambre de stabilisation afin d'enregistrer la conductivité du lait dans la chambre de stabilisation.
  8. Dispositif d'échantillonnage (100) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, comprenant en outre une autre paire d'électrodes annulaires (14') conçue pour enregistrer une conductance du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10), dans lequel la commande (109) est configurée pour commander le fonctionnement de la pompe (108) sur la base de la vitesse d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10) en se basant sur des valeurs de conductance enregistrées grâce à la paire d'électrodes annulaires (14) et à l'autre paire d'électrodes annulaires (14').
  9. Procédé permettant de prélever des échantillons de lait représentatifs dans une plage de quantité prédéfinie à partir d'une conduite de transport (10) au sein de laquelle du lait est transporté à des intervalles de transport de longueur inconnue, dans lequel la plage de quantité prédéfinie est supérieure ou égale à une quantité totale correspondant à un nombre total de sous-quantités discrètes d'échantillons pendant l'intervalle de transport,
    et dans lequel le procédé comprend les étapes consistant, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement, à :
    définir un débit de fonctionnement d'une pompe (108) en se basant sur la plage de quantité prédéfinie et sur une valeur prédéfinie évaluant une longueur d'un intervalle de transport et/ou évaluant une quantité totale transportée pendant l'intervalle de transport grâce à la conduite de transport (10) et/ou évaluant une grandeur indiquant un débit d'écoulement obtenu dans la conduite de transport (10) pendant l'intervalle de transport ou une modification de ladite grandeur, dans lequel le débit de fonctionnement détermine un nombre défini d'intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon, dans lequel la pompe (108) transporte respectivement une sous-quantité discrète d'échantillons le long d'une première direction de transport (122) à chaque intervalle d'impulsion d'échantillon, et
    faire fonctionner la pompe (108) sur la base du débit de fonctionnement défini dans la première direction de transport (122), dans lequel une vitesse de transport de la pompe (108) est réduite et une fréquence des intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon est augmentée lorsque le débit d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10) diminue.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le procédé comprend, pendant le fonctionnement de la pompe (108), les étapes consistant à :
    enregistrer une valeur réelle indiquant le débit d'écoulement dans la conduite de transport (10) et/ou une valeur réelle indiquant une vitesse d'écoulement du lait transporté dans la conduite de transport (10),
    mettre à jour le débit de fonctionnement sur la base de la valeur réelle enregistrée, et faire fonctionner la pompe (108) dans la première direction de transport (122) sur la base du débit de fonctionnement mis à jour.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel un fonctionnement de la pompe (108) dans le premier mode de fonctionnement est interrompu si une quantité réelle, correspondant à un nombre réel de sous-quantités transportées d'échantillons, se rapproche de la plage de quantité prédéfinie à concurrence d'une distance prédéfinie et s'il est établi, sur la base de la valeur réelle enregistrée, qu'un intervalle de transport en cours n'est pas encore terminé.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, comprenant en outre une étape consistant à faire fonctionner la pompe (108) dans un second mode de fonctionnement pendant un intervalle d'interruption et dans une seconde direction de transport (124) opposée à la première direction de transport (122) afin de transporter dans la seconde direction de transport (124) une quantité partielle de la quantité réelle correspondant au nombre réel de sous-quantités transportées d'échantillons.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le second mode de fonctionnement comprend en outre une étape consistant à mélanger la quantité réelle collectée dans un récipient à échantillons, pendant l'intervalle d'interruption et avant l'étape consistant à faire fonctionner la pompe (108).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, comprenant en outre une étape consistant à mettre à jour le débit de fonctionnement de la pompe (108) en se basant sur une quantité réelle restante après l'intervalle d'interruption.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, comprenant en outre une étape consistant à mettre à jour un nombre d'intervalles d'impulsion d'échantillon en se basant sur la grandeur mesurée après au moins un intervalle d'impulsion d'échantillon dans le premier mode de fonctionnement.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel le débit de fonctionnement défini détermine dans le premier mode de fonctionnement un transport d'une sous-quantité d'échantillons trois fois par minute.
EP18752121.6A 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Dispositif de prélèvement d'échantillon pour le prélèvement d'un échantillon représentatif de lait et procédé pour le prélèvement d'échantillons représentatifs de lait Active EP3669160B1 (fr)

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DE102017214337.1A DE102017214337A1 (de) 2017-08-17 2017-08-17 Probenentnahmevorrichtung zur Entnahme einer repräsentativen Milchprobe und Verfahren zur Entnahme von repräsentativen Milchproben
PCT/EP2018/071007 WO2019034443A1 (fr) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Dispositif de prélèvement d'échantillon pour le prélèvement d'un échantillon représentatif de lait et procédé pour le prélèvement d'échantillons représentatifs de lait

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US10800594B2 (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-10-13 Quality Mangement, Incorporated Securable sampling port for an insulated container
NL2022487B1 (nl) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-18 Nedap Nv Inrichting voor het nemen van een monster van melk dat door een melkleiding stroomt.
DE102019215692B4 (de) * 2019-10-11 2021-06-17 Gunther Krieg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Identifikation von Stoffen in der Fluidzusammensetzung
CN112924242A (zh) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-08 新兴铸管股份有限公司 一种用于气体输送管道连续取样装置及其操作方法
CN113880031B (zh) * 2021-09-19 2024-03-26 宁波祈禧电器有限公司 一种分酒机

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CN111247414B (zh) 2022-08-16
US20210127625A1 (en) 2021-05-06
JP2020531807A (ja) 2020-11-05
IL272692B (en) 2022-09-01
CA3072971A1 (fr) 2019-02-21
CN111247414A (zh) 2020-06-05
EP3669160A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
DE102017214337A1 (de) 2019-02-21
AU2018317654B2 (en) 2020-12-03
AU2018317654A1 (en) 2020-03-05
NZ762087A (en) 2021-09-24
RU2744798C1 (ru) 2021-03-15
CA3072971C (fr) 2022-03-29
WO2019034443A1 (fr) 2019-02-21
JP6971379B2 (ja) 2021-11-24

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