EP3450846B1 - Feuerungsanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer feuerungsanlage - Google Patents

Feuerungsanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer feuerungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3450846B1
EP3450846B1 EP18000551.4A EP18000551A EP3450846B1 EP 3450846 B1 EP3450846 B1 EP 3450846B1 EP 18000551 A EP18000551 A EP 18000551A EP 3450846 B1 EP3450846 B1 EP 3450846B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue
flue gas
nozzles
combustion
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18000551.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3450846A1 (de
Inventor
Ulrich Martin
Robert von Raven
Martin Murer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Application filed by Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik filed Critical Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Priority to PL18000551T priority Critical patent/PL3450846T3/pl
Publication of EP3450846A1 publication Critical patent/EP3450846A1/de
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Publication of EP3450846B1 publication Critical patent/EP3450846B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a furnace, which has a fire grate for combustion, with a flue gas train, which has nozzles on opposite sides of the flue gas train, in order to inject a fluid into the flue gas.
  • the invention relates to a firing system with a flue gas flue, which has nozzles on opposite sides of the flue gas flue in order to inject a fluid into the flue gas.
  • the EP 0 675 323 A1 describes nozzles with which gas is supplied to the rising flue gas from the sides of the flue gas train.
  • the EP 2 128 523 A2 describes nozzles with which the rising flue gas is swirled with secondary air and the DE 10 2015 003 995 A1 describes a furnace with which the flue gas is swirled with recirculation gas. All systems result in an intensive mixing of the supplied gas with the flue gas in order to improve the burnout.
  • the invention is based on the object of further developing a method for operating such a furnace.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the nozzles can not only be used for swirling, but can also be arranged such that the flue gas moves on a wavy line in the flue gas train. This means that a single flue gas particle is not guided in a straight line or spiral from the firing grate in the flue gas duct. The particle is also not passed through the flue gas flue, with the risk of turbulence, in order to be mixed intensively with secondary air.
  • the flue gas particles flow through the flue gas train on a defined wavy line. This means that essentially all particles have a longer dwell time in the flue gas draft than would be possible with a straight flow. While individual flue gas particles have a particularly long path within the flue gas flue when swirling and other particles flow through the flue gas line particularly quickly, the flue gas duct according to the invention means that essentially all of the particles pass through a longer path in the flue gas line. This increases the dwell time of the particles in the flue gas flue and all particles have a defined dwell time on a defined path. Guiding on the wavy line is possible because hot flue gases have a viscous consistency and can therefore be guided through the nozzles on a path.
  • the nozzles are thus not used for swirling as in the prior art, but rather are oriented in such a way that the flue gases flow through the injected fluid on a wavy line, as a result of which the dwell time within the flue gas train is increased.
  • the nozzle parameters can be set using simple experiments can be set so that a defined wavy line is reached. This wavy line should have at least three and preferably even more than four reversal points.
  • a liquid can also be added as a fluid, which as a rule evaporates when it enters the flue gas duct. It is advantageous if a gas is added as the liquid. This gas can be air or steam, for example.
  • Known nozzles in flue gas flues are arranged in the flue gas flue such that the nozzle has an orientation perpendicular to the wall of the flue gas flue in which it is arranged.
  • a firing system with a fire grate and a flue gas flue which has nozzles on opposite sides of the flue gas flue, is particularly suitable in order to inject a fluid into the flue gas, the nozzles being arranged, aligned and designed in this way, as well as pressure and Volume flow of the injected fluid are adjustable such that the flue gas is moved back and forth in the flue gas train on a wavy line and the main nozzle direction of the two nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue gas train at an angle of at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 ° from one Nozzle connecting line lies.
  • the main nozzle direction of a nozzle deviates from the shortest connection to the opposite side of the flue gas duct by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
  • the main nozzle direction of at least one nozzle deviates from a horizontal plane in the flue gas draft by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
  • An extension of the flue gas train is understood to mean a cross section of the flue gas train that widens in the flow direction of the flue gases.
  • the direction of flow of the flue gases in a wave-shaped line is understood to mean the connection of the reversal points of the wave.
  • Another embodiment of the furnace which is also relevant to the invention, provides for the flue gas flue to have a lower and an upper region, and in the lower region the access from the fire grate to the flue gas flue is arranged offset to the upper region.
  • the height of the flue gas train can also be changed by relocating the access from the fire grate for the flue gas flue to the remaining flue gas flue, the length of time in the flue gas flue is increased
  • a special embodiment provides that at least one nozzle is arranged above the fire grate in the flow direction of the flue gas in front of the flue gas flue on a wall opposite the fire grate in order to inject a fluid into the flue gas.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved with a method in which the combustion air as primary combustion air and secondary combustion air or as secondary combustion air is added in different ways, distributed over several addition points, during operation of the incineration plant. While the addition of the combustion air is usually optimized and is no longer changed during the operation of the incineration plant, the invention proposes the distribution of the Varying combustion air to different addition points during the operation of the incinerator.
  • the combustion air can be added to the nozzles and the grate, or the distribution of the partial volume flows to these nozzles can also be varied in a controlled manner.
  • the distribution of the combustion air to the individual addition points NO x , CO and / or O 2 is carried out in an optimized manner. This means that in order to optimize parameters such as NO x , CO and / or O 2 , the distribution of the volume flow of the addition to the individual nozzles and / or to the nozzles and the grate is changed during the operation of the incineration plant.
  • the distribution of the combustion air is distributed among the nozzles in the flue gas flue in such a way that an almost constant burnout is achieved per time.
  • the gas and / or solids burnout can be optimized.
  • the nozzles make it possible to vary the level of the burnout within the flue gas flue and to analyze the burnout by measurements as a function of the height in the flue gas flue and, depending on this, to vary the fluid addition via the nozzles in such a way that, for example, a certain degree of burnout in a specific one
  • the flue gas draft is not undercut.
  • the furnace 1 shown has a fire grate 2 and a flue gas flue 3.
  • the arrows 4 indicate the addition of primary air to the fire grate 2 and the arrows 5 to 9 indicate the addition of secondary air via nozzles.
  • the nozzles 10 to 14 are only indicated schematically.
  • the nozzle 10 is arranged above the fire grate 2 and the nozzles 11 and 12 are arranged on one side 15 of the flue gas duct 3 and the nozzles 13 and 14 are arranged on the opposite side 16 of the flue gas duct 3.
  • the dotted lines 17 to 21 indicate the main nozzle direction of the nozzles 10 to 14.
  • angle 22 shows the orientation relative to a line 23 connecting the nozzles 12 and 14.
  • the angle 24 shows the orientation of the main nozzle direction 17 with respect to the shortest connection 25 from the nozzle 14 to the opposite side 15 of the flue gas duct 3
  • angle 26 shows the main nozzle direction 17 of the nozzle 14 with respect to a horizontal plane 27 in the flue gas duct 3.
  • the two opposite sides 15 and 16 of the flue gas duct 3 are at an angle 28 to one another, so that the flue gas duct 3 widens conically in the area between the access 29 to the flue gas duct 3 and a transition 30 to vertical sides 31 and 32 of the flue gas duct 3.
  • the nozzle 10 with its main nozzle direction 21 is arranged on a wall 35 opposite the fire grate 2 and is therefore located in a region 36 above the fire grate 2 and before entering the lower region 33.
  • the nozzles 10 to 14 When the combustion system 1 is in operation, the nozzles 10 to 14 produce a wavy line 37 of the flue gas 38 which arises on the fire grate 2.
  • the addition of secondary combustion air 39 to 43 as gas to the flue gas 38 creates the wavy line 37 with its reversal points 44 to 48.
  • the primary combustion air 49 is fed to the combustion system 1 via the grate 2.
  • a preferred method also provides that either the secondary combustion air 39 to 43 or the primary combustion air 49 and the secondary combustion air 39 to 43 vary in volume during the operation of the incinerator as a volume flow or mass flow, depending on the different addition points on the grate 2 or on the nozzles 10 until 14 is added distributed.
  • the combustion air ratio can vary during the operation of the incinerator. However, it is advantageous if the combustion air ratio is kept constant.
  • Sensors 50, 51 and 52 for NO x , CO and / or O 2 are connected to a controller 53 in order to optimize the distribution of the combustion air from primary combustion air 49 and secondary combustion air 39 to 43 to the individual addition points.
  • the burnout can be determined from the measured values determined with the sensors 50 to 52 and this makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the combustion air to the nozzles in such a way that the burnout remains almost constant over time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
EP18000551.4A 2017-08-30 2018-06-21 Feuerungsanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer feuerungsanlage Active EP3450846B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18000551T PL3450846T3 (pl) 2017-08-30 2018-06-21 Instalacja spalania i sposób eksploatacji instalacji spalania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017008123.9A DE102017008123A1 (de) 2017-08-30 2017-08-30 Feuerungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3450846A1 EP3450846A1 (de) 2019-03-06
EP3450846B1 true EP3450846B1 (de) 2020-04-29

Family

ID=62750735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18000551.4A Active EP3450846B1 (de) 2017-08-30 2018-06-21 Feuerungsanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer feuerungsanlage

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20190063745A1 (pl)
EP (1) EP3450846B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP7341449B2 (pl)
AU (1) AU2018214150B2 (pl)
CA (1) CA3014250A1 (pl)
DE (1) DE102017008123A1 (pl)
DK (1) DK3450846T3 (pl)
ES (1) ES2805832T3 (pl)
MX (1) MX2018010405A (pl)
PL (1) PL3450846T3 (pl)
SG (1) SG10201806938TA (pl)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022001707A1 (de) 2022-05-16 2023-11-16 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Labyrinthdichtung

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DE1947164A1 (de) * 1969-09-18 1971-03-25 Koppers Wistra Ofenbau Gmbh Muellverbrennungsanlage
JPH04214109A (ja) * 1990-11-30 1992-08-05 Hitachi Zosen Corp ごみ焼却炉における燃焼ガス混合構造
DK0498014T3 (da) * 1991-02-07 1994-09-12 Martin Gmbh F Fremgangsmåde til forbrændingslufttilførsel, og fyringsanlæg
JPH04366307A (ja) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 燃焼装置における二次空気供給方法
JP2649626B2 (ja) * 1992-01-24 1997-09-03 株式会社荏原製作所 排ガス通路を一体化した流動層燃焼装置
JP2642568B2 (ja) * 1992-11-11 1997-08-20 三機工業株式会社 ごみ焼却炉の二次燃焼方法
US5762008A (en) * 1993-04-20 1998-06-09 Martin Gmbh Fuer Umwelt- Und Enetgietechnik Burning fuels, particularly for incinerating garbage
JP3383959B2 (ja) * 1993-10-07 2003-03-10 三機工業株式会社 ごみ焼却炉のごみ燃焼方法及びその装置
FR2718223B1 (fr) * 1994-03-29 1996-06-21 Babcock Entreprise Dispositif d'enfournement de combustibles solides de grande taille dans un foyer, par exemple des pneus usagés entiers.
DE19613777C2 (de) * 1996-04-04 2002-01-17 Michael Mimor Verbrennungsanlage und Nachverbrennungsverfahren
JPH10205733A (ja) * 1997-01-14 1998-08-04 Takuma Co Ltd 流動層燃焼炉における２次空気の供給方法
JPH10205734A (ja) * 1997-01-14 1998-08-04 Takuma Co Ltd ストーカ式燃焼炉における２次空気の供給方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2018214150A1 (en) 2019-03-21
MX2018010405A (es) 2019-03-28
PL3450846T3 (pl) 2020-10-19
US20190063745A1 (en) 2019-02-28
EP3450846A1 (de) 2019-03-06
DE102017008123A1 (de) 2019-02-28
SG10201806938TA (en) 2019-03-28
DK3450846T3 (da) 2020-08-03
ES2805832T3 (es) 2021-02-15
AU2018214150B2 (en) 2024-06-13
JP2019045130A (ja) 2019-03-22
JP7341449B2 (ja) 2023-09-11
BR102018067278A2 (pt) 2019-03-19
CA3014250A1 (en) 2019-02-28

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