EP3362732A1 - Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante - Google Patents
Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3362732A1 EP3362732A1 EP16791660.0A EP16791660A EP3362732A1 EP 3362732 A1 EP3362732 A1 EP 3362732A1 EP 16791660 A EP16791660 A EP 16791660A EP 3362732 A1 EP3362732 A1 EP 3362732A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating
- corrugations
- parallel
- cover panel
- edges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
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- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
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- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2201/05—Size
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/011—Improving strength
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquid at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG) having, for example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at about -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- bridging elements arranged between the secondary insulating panels serve to improve the distribution of displacements by limiting the spacing movements of the edges of the panels. These bridging elements may respond to some extent to panel edge spreading movements but are limited, complex to install and have a relatively high installation cost.
- One idea underlying the invention is to provide a membrane wall structure that solves at least some of these disadvantages.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a supporting structure, said tank having one or more tank walls carried by one or more load-bearing walls of the supporting structure, the or each tank wall comprising a thermally insulating barrier attached to a respective supporting wall of the carrier structure and a waterproof membrane carried by said thermally insulating barrier.
- the thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed in a regular rectangular mesh, each insulating block having a heat insulating lining and a cover panel facing towards the inside of the tank, an upper face of the cover panel opposite to the insulation with a piece or metal anchor.
- the waterproof membrane consists of a corrugated metal membrane having a first series of parallel corrugations and flat portions located between the parallel corrugations and resting on the upper face of the cover panels, the parallel corrugations being arranged parallel to a first direction of the parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaced a first wave pitch, the sealed membrane comprising for example a plurality of corrugated metal plates each welded to at least one piece or anchor strip of the thermally insulating barrier.
- the pitch of the rectangular grid in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is equal to twice the first wave pitch, so that the first series of corrugations comprises two undulations located at the right of each of the insulating blocks, and a portion plane of the waterproof membrane located between the two corrugations is arranged in line with an internal zone of the cover panel located at a distance from the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction, so that the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are situated at the right a marginal area of the cover panel located between the inner area and the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction.
- the pitch of the rectangular mesh in each direction is substantially equal to one dimension of the insulating blocks in this direction, increased by a possible gap width between insulating blocks.
- This gap width may be substantially zero and remains in any case very small compared to the insulating block.
- each insulating block is arranged at least in the internal zone of the cover panel, the sealed membrane being fixed to the thermally insulating barrier by fixing said flat portions of the waterproof membrane to said anchoring pieces of a plurality of insulating blocks, only in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the waterproof membrane is thus attached to some or each of the insulating blocks by the anchors, but only in the inner area of the cover panels.
- each undulation of the first series is in a similar situation as to its freedom of deformation, since a first flat portion bordering the undulation is located on the side of the inner zone of the insulating block and fixed to the anchoring piece, while the second flat portion bordering the corrugation on the other side is located astride the marginal zone of the insulating block, on the marginal zone of the neighboring insulating block and the interface between the two insulating blocks, without being attached to any of the two insulating blocks.
- the planar portions of the sealed membrane are located alternately on the inner area of the cover panels and on the interfaces between insulating blocks and the adjacent marginal areas.
- any corrugation of the first series has a side fixed to the insulating barrier and a non-fixed side to the insulating barrier, but in sliding contact on the insulating barrier.
- This non-fixed side to the insulating barrier increases the freedom of deformation of the corrugations under the effect of thermal stresses and deformations of the carrier structure, in particular from the hull of a ship to the swell.
- the distribution of stresses and strains in the corrugated metal membrane is more balanced in service and the service life of the corrugated metal membrane is thus improved.
- such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
- the extent of the anchor may be larger or smaller, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached only to the inner area of the cover panel.
- the anchor piece is interrupted away from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the inner area of the cover panel, and the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are located on the side and another of the anchoring piece of each of the insulating blocks.
- the marginal area of the cover panels is here between the anchor and the edges of the cover panel.
- an offset equal to substantially half of the first wave pitch is present between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and the edges of the insulating blocks parallel to the first direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the corrugations parallel to the first direction are arranged equidistantly interfaces, which better balance the forces on these corrugations, especially when these efforts result from a relative displacement of the underlying insulating blocks.
- the inner area of the cover panel designates an area that is remote from the edges of the cover panel, and which may be centered or off-center with respect to these edges.
- the anchor is arranged at the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the first set of corrugations are equidistant from the center of the cover panel.
- the corrugated metallic membrane can be made in one or more pieces, depending on the dimensions of the wall and the logistical constraints that result.
- the corrugated metal membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal plates of rectangular shape, each corrugated metal plate having two edges parallel to the first direction and two edges parallel to the second direction,
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the first wave pitch
- the two edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction are substantially located in the planar portions of the corrugated metal plate between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and pass over the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- each rectangular corrugated metal plate has a lap welded edge region with the edge region of the adjacent corrugated metal plates, the edge region of a corrugated metal plate located above each being welded to the edge region of an adjacent corrugated metal plate underneath, and along the edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction, the edge region of the corrugated metal plate underneath is welded to the anchoring parts of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction is twice the first wave pitch.
- the metal anchor can have different geometries.
- the anchor comprises a metal strip extending parallel to the first direction or the second direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the geometry of the anchor piece is well adapted to provide a relatively large bonding surface with the edge of a corrugated metal plate.
- the metal part or strip is interrupted at a distance from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the internal zone of the cover panel, two thermal protection strips being arranged on the cover panel in the extension of the part. or metal strip in the marginal area of the cover panel between the metal part or strip and the edges of the cover panel. Thanks to these features, the edge-to-edge weld of the corrugated metal plates can be entirely made to the right of the metal parts or strips and thermal protection strips, without subjecting the cover panel to excessive heating, which makes it possible to realize the panel of wooden cover or other material with low heat resistance.
- the metal part or strip may extend over the entire length of the cover panel, including in the marginal areas of the cover panel, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached to the metal part or strip only in the internal area of the lid panel.
- the ends of the metal part or strip located in the marginal areas are only another form of thermal protection of the cover panel.
- the anchor comprises a metal strip parallel to the first direction and a metal strip parallel to the second direction which form a cross in the inner area of the cover panel.
- first series of parallel corrugations can also be implemented, in the same way, with reference to a second series of parallel corrugations extending perpendicular to the first series of corrugations, to balance the forces and deformations in both directions of the plane.
- the sealed membrane further comprises a second series of parallel corrugations, arranged parallel to the second direction of the parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaced a second wave pitch, said flat portions of the sealed membrane being located further between the corrugations. parallel to the second direction,
- the pitch of the rectangular grid in the first direction which is substantially equal to one dimension of the insulating blocks in the first direction, is equal to twice the second wave pitch, so that the second series of corrugations comprises two corrugations located to the right of each of the insulating blocks,
- the anchor piece is interrupted at a distance from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the inner zone of the cover panel, and the two corrugations of the second series of corrugations are located on either side of the cover panel; anchoring each of the insulating blocks.
- an offset equal to half of the second wave pitch is present between the corrugations parallel to the second direction and the edges of the insulating blocks parallel to the second direction.
- the anchor piece is arranged at the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the second series of corrugations are equidistant from the center of the cover panel.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the first direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the second wave pitch
- the two edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the second direction are essentially located in the planar portions of the corrugated metal plate between the corrugations parallel to the second direction and pass on the anchoring parts of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the edge zone of the corrugated metal plate underneath is welded to the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the internal area of the cover panels.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the first direction is equal to twice the second wave pitch.
- the first wave pitch is equal to the second wave pitch and the insulating blocks have a square outline.
- each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a box in which is housed the heat insulating lining, said box having a bottom panel and side panels developing between said bottom panel and the cover panel.
- each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a bottom panel and a cover panel with an interposed foam block forming said heat insulating lining.
- the waterproof membrane of each tank wall comprises:
- first series of corrugations projecting towards the interior of the vessel and developing in a first direction
- second series of corrugations projecting towards the interior of the vessel and developing in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction
- the undulations of the waterproof membrane can be formed in different ways.
- the corrugations project towards the interior of the vessel with respect to the flat portions, or the corrugations project towards the outside of the vessel with respect to the flat portions and are housed in grooves in the cover panels of the insulating blocks.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the first or second vessel wall comprises parallelepipedic insulating blocks running opposite a longitudinal face of edge blocks opposite the edge of the vessel, one face upper cover panel of each of the common parallelepiped insulating blocks having a recess vis-à-vis a recess of the upper face of the lid panel of the corresponding edge block, a connecting plate housed jointly in said recesses flush with the face level upper of said cover panels to form a continuous planar support surface for the sealed membrane of the first or second vessel wall.
- the spaces between each edge block of the first and / or second row and the adjacent parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaces between said edge blocks and the first support wall comprise an insulating heat-seal.
- the corrugated metal plates have a rectangular shape, each parallelepipedal insulating block comprising two secant anchoring strips, each anchoring strip developing parallel to a respective side of the corrugated metal plates fixed on said anchoring strips.
- the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof membrane is a secondary waterproof membrane
- the vessel wall further comprising a primary heat-insulating barrier disposed on the secondary waterproof membrane and a primary waterproof membrane carried by said primary heat-insulating barrier.
- the metal anchoring parts of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier carry primary retaining members, for example studs or threaded bushings, and the primary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed anchored to the primary retainers.
- the secondary waterproof membrane has cutouts to project the primary retaining members above the secondary waterproof membrane, and edges of the cutouts of the secondary waterproof membrane are sealed welded to the parts of anchoring the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier around the primary retaining members.
- these cuts are made on the edges of the rectangular plates, but they can also be made in a flat portion located within a rectangular plate.
- Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store liquefied gas or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tanker, a LPG transport vessel, a floating unit storage and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating unit storage and regasification
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a shell and a said tank disposed in the hull.
- the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a tank for transporting and / or storing liquefied gas, illustrating an edge of the tank formed by a longitudinal wall of the tank and a transverse wall of the tank, transverse wall of the tank forming with the longitudinal wall of the tank an angle of the order of 90 °.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded detail view illustrating a thermally insulating box bordering the thermally insulating barrier of a tank wall of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view illustrating two thermally insulating border boxes of FIG. 1, these two caissons jointly forming a portion of the edge of the thermally insulating barrier of the tank of FIG. 1.
- Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a tank wall at the 90 ° edge, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the edge heat insulating elements.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another tank portion for the transport and / or storage of liquefied gas, illustrating an edge of the tank formed between two longitudinal vessel walls having an angle of 135 °.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another tank portion for the transport and / or storage of liquefied gas, illustrating a flat tank wall according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of a detail of the flat wall of FIG. 6.
- Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a detail of the flat wall of Figure 6, in perspective broken away.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a flat tank wall according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a detail of the flat wall of FIG. 10,
- Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the planar wall of Fig. 10, further illustrating a primary heat-insulating barrier and a primary waterproof membrane.
- Figure 13 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG tank vessel or LPG transport and a loading / unloading terminal of the tank.
- Such a carrier structure has a polyhedral geometry, for example of prismatic shape.
- longitudinal walls 1 of the supporting structure extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ship and form a polygonal section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
- the longitudinal walls 1 meet in longitudinal edges 2, which form for example angles of the order of 135 ° in an octagonal geometry.
- the general structure of such polyhedral vessels is described, for example, with reference to FIG. 1 of document FR-A-3008765.
- the longitudinal walls 1 are interrupted in the longitudinal direction of the ship by transverse bearing walls 3 which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
- the longitudinal walls 1 and the transverse walls 3 meet at the edges 4 front and rear.
- each wall 1, 3 of the supporting structure carries a respective tank wall.
- each of the tank walls is composed of a single thermally insulating barrier carrying a single membrane that is tight in contact with a fluid stored in the tank, such as liquefied petroleum gas comprising butane and propane. propene or the like and having an equilibrium temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C.
- the adjective “upper” applied to an element of the vessel designates the portion of this element oriented towards the interior of the vessel and the adjective “inferior” designates the portion of this element oriented towards the outside of the vessel. regardless of the orientation of the vessel wall with respect to the earth's gravity field.
- the term “above” means a position closer to the inside of the tank and the term “below” a position closer to the supporting structure, regardless of the orientation of the wall of the tank. tank relative to the earth's gravity field.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a vane angle at the front or rear edge 4 between one of the longitudinal walls 1 and one of the transverse walls 3 of the supporting structure respectively carrying a longitudinal vessel wall 5 and a wall of transverse vessel 6.
- the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the vessel wall transverse 6 meet at an angle 7 of the vessel forming an angle of the order of 90 °. Since the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the transverse vessel wall 6 have a similar structure, only the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is described hereinafter. The description of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is correspondingly applied to the transverse vessel wall 6.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is constituted by a plurality of heat-insulating elements anchored on the entire longitudinal carrying wall 1. These heat-insulating elements together form a flat surface on which is anchored the sealed membrane of the tank wall. These heat-insulating elements more particularly comprise a plurality of heat-insulating elements 8 juxtaposed in a regular rectangular mesh.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 also comprises a row of edge heat-insulating elements 9 described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2, arranged along the edge 4.
- the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 are anchored on the supporting structure by any suitable means, for example by means of anchoring members 10 as described with reference to FIG. 3.
- the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 rest on the longitudinal bearing wall through mastic cords (not shown) forming straight or wavy parallel lines.
- An intermediate space 11 separates the heat-insulating edge elements vis-à-vis the row of heat-insulating edge elements 9.
- the spacers 1 of two tank walls 5 and 6 forming an edge of the tank are aligned.
- the sealed membrane of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 consists of a plurality of metal plates 12 juxtaposed to each other with overlap. These metal plates 12 are preferably of rectangular shape. The metal plates 12 are welded together to seal the sealed membrane. Preferably, the metal plates 12 are made of stainless steel, for example with a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the metal plates 12 comprise a plurality of wavy-shaped waves 13. the inside of the tank. More particularly, the sealed membrane of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 comprises a first series of corrugations 13 and a second series of corrugations 13 forming a regular rectangular pattern. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first series of corrugations 13 is parallel to the edge 4 and the second series of corrugations 13 is perpendicular to the edge 4. Preferably, the corrugations 13 develop parallel to the edges of the plates. rectangular metal. The distance between two successive corrugations 13 of a series of corrugations is for example of the order of 600 mm.
- angle metal plates 15 are welded disposed on the perpendicular edge heat insulating elements 9. These angle metal plates 15 comprise two flat portions 16 located in the planes of the sealed membrane of each tank wall 5 and 6 respectively.
- FIG. 2 represents an exploded perspective view of an insulating edge element 9 of FIG. 1.
- the thermal insulating element 9 comprises a bottom panel 17, side panels 18 and a cover panel 19. All these panels 17, 18, 19 are of rectangular shape and delimit an internal space of the thermal insulating element. 9.
- the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 develop parallel to each other and, as illustrated in Figure 1, parallel to the carrier wall.
- the side panels 18 develop perpendicularly to the bottom panel 17.
- the side panels 18 connect the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 over the entire periphery of the edge insulating member 9.
- Carrying struts 20 are arranged between the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 in the inner space of the boundary insulating member 9. These carrier struts 20 develop parallel to longitudinal side panels 21.
- Transverse side panels 22 extending perpendicularly longitudinal side panels 21 have orifices 23.
- the panels and the supporting spacers are attached by any suitable means, for example screws, staples or points, and together form a box in which is disposed a heat-insulating lining 24.
- This heat-insulating lining 24 is preferably non-structural, for example pearlite. or glass wool.
- the bottom panel 17 has longitudinal flanges 25 protruding from the longitudinal side panels 21.
- the bottom panel 17 also has a transverse flange 26 protruding from one of the transverse side panels 22. Cleats 27 are carried flanges 25, 26 of the bottom panel 17.
- each end of the longitudinal flanges 25 carries a respective batten 27 and a central portion of the transverse flange 26 carries a cleat 27.
- the cleat 27 carried by the transverse rim 26 develops over the entire width of the insulating edge element 9.
- the cover panel 19 has on an upper face opposite to the heat-insulating lining 24 a transverse recess 28.
- This transverse recess 28 is situated in line with the transverse side panel 22 from which the transverse flange 26 of the bottom panel 17 projects.
- transverse recess 28 has a notch 65 located at the right of the batten 27 carried by the transverse flange 26.
- Many methods can be used to make the cover panel 19. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, two plywood plates having different dimensions are superimposed to form the cover panel 19 having the transverse recess 28.
- the cover panel is formed by a plywood plate in which a counterbore is formed to form the transverse recess. .
- the upper face of the cover panel 19 further includes a transverse counterbore 29 and a longitudinal counterbore 30.
- the transverse counterbore 29 develops in a direction parallel to the width of the cover panel 19 over the entire width of the cover panel 19.
- the transverse counterbore 29 is located near the transverse side of the cover panel 17 opposite the transverse flange 26.
- the longitudinal counterbore 30 develops in a direction parallel to the length of the cover panel 19 over the entire length of the cover panel 19.
- this longitudinal counterbore 30 is centered on the width of the cover panel 19.
- the longitudinal counterbore 30 is situated in the extension of the notch 65.
- a longitudinal anchoring strip 31 is housed in the longitudinal counterbore 30.
- This longitudinal anchoring strip 31 has a length less than the length of the cover panel 19.
- a thermal protection 54 (shown in Figure 3) is housed in the portion of the longitudinal counterbore 30 does not include the longitudinal anchoring strip 31.
- transverse anchor strip 32 is housed in the transverse yarn 29 of the cover panel 19. However, this transverse anchor strip 32 extends across the entire width of the cover panel 19. Each end of the cover strip 32 transverse anchor 32 has a tab 33. This tab 33 projects from a respective longitudinal side of the cover panel 19.
- each current insulating element 8 comprises on an upper face two perpendicular anchor strips 14 housed in respective countersinks and screwed or riveted to the cover panels.
- the anchor strips 14 are preferably arranged parallel to the corrugations 13.
- the anchor strips 14 develop on a central portion of the counterbores in which they are housed.
- Thermal protections 54 are housed in the ends of the countersinks.
- the metal plates 12, 15 of the sealed membrane are welded to the anchor strips 14, 31, 32 on which they rest.
- the thermal protections 54 prevent the degradation of the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 during the welding of the metal plates 12, 15 to each other along their edges.
- the thermal protections 54 are made of a heat-resistant material, for example a composite material based on glass fibers.
- the tab 33 has a spacing portion 34 extending from the cover panel 19 in the extension of the transverse counterbore 29.
- This tab further comprises a coupling portion 35 developing from an end of the spacer portion 34 opposite the cover panel 19.
- the coupling portion 35 develops towards the bottom panel 17.
- the coupling portion 35 has a slot 52 facing the transverse side of the cover panel 19 having the recess 65.
- the anchor strips 31, 32 are fixed on the cover panel 19 by any suitable means, for example by riveting.
- the attachment of the transverse anchoring strip 32 is made so as to have a play in a longitudinal direction of the cover panel 19, for example of the order of one to a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the orifices (not shown) of the cover panel 19 traversed by the fastening rivets of the transverse anchoring strip 32 have a longitudinal dimension greater than the thickness of the rivet.
- the transverse anchoring strip 32 is housed in the transverse counterbore 29 with a clearance. Such clearances allow the transmission of tensile forces generated in the longitudinal direction of the cover panel 19 by the sealed membrane welded onto the strips. anchoring 31, 32, without these efforts being substantially transmitted to the cover panel 19.
- FIG. 3 is a detail view illustrating a longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 and a transverse edge heat-insulating element 37 belonging to the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the transverse vessel wall 6.
- the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 and the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37 together form the angle structure 7.
- the transverse edge of the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 does not have the recess 65 and the transverse edge of the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37 not exhibiting step 65 are joined. Since the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 has a structure similar to the structure of the transverse edge heat-insulating member 37, only the longitudinal edge member 36 illustrated in FIG. 3 is described hereinafter. The description of this longitudinal edge heat insulating element 36 applies by analogy to the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37.
- the anchoring members 10 illustrated in FIG. 3 each comprise a stud 38 welded to the longitudinal bearing wall 1.
- Each stud 38 is developed perpendicularly to the longitudinal bearing wall 1.
- One end of the studs opposite to the longitudinal bearing wall 1 comprises a thread.
- a square support plate 39 has a central orifice (not illustrated) through which the stud 38 passes.
- a nut 40 is mounted on the threaded end of the stud 38.
- the support plate 39 of each stud 38 is thus maintained. supported by said nut 40 against an upper face of a respective cleat 27 carried by a flange 25, 26 Corresponding bottom panel 17.
- the support plate rests directly on the edge of the bottom panel of the heat insulating element.
- each current heat-insulating element 8 is also arranged at the corners of each current heat-insulating element 8.
- the side walls of each current heat-insulating element 8 comprise a flange.
- a batten 27 is disposed on each end of said flange.
- Each batten 27 of the heat insulating elements 8 cooperates with a respective anchoring member 10, the same bearing member 10 cooperating with the cleats 27 of a plurality of adjacent heat insulating elements 8.
- the angles of the adjacent heat insulating elements 8 comprise a clearance jointly forming a chimney in line with a corresponding fixing member 10.
- This chimney makes it possible to screw the nut 40 onto the bolt of the fastening member 10.
- This chimney is filled with a heat-insulating lining 41 and covered with a shutter plate 42 so as to form a flat surface with the panels of lids of the heat-insulating elements.
- each current insulating element 8 has a width, taken parallel to the edge 4, twice the width of the heat insulating elements 9.
- the current heat-insulating elements 8 and the heat-insulating elements curbs 9 are arranged so that the corners of two adjacent heat insulating elements 8 are located mid-width of a heat insulating edge element 9, at the right of the transverse flange 26 of a respective edge insulating element 9.
- the anchoring member 10 associated with said corners of the current heat-insulating elements 8 thus co-operates with both the cleats 27 of said current heat-insulating elements 8 and with the cleat 27 carried by the transverse flange 26.
- the notch 65 of the heat-insulating element edge 9 allows the passage of the tooling required to screw the nut of said anchor member 10.
- the current heat insulating elements and the heat insulating elements of borders have the same width but are offset with respect to each other along a direction parallel to the edge.
- the corners of two adjacent adjacent heat insulating elements are located at half the width of an edge insulating element and at the transverse edge of said insulating edge element.
- the current heat insulating elements 8 situated opposite the edge insulating elements 9 comprise a recess similar to the recess 28 of said insulating edge element 9 opposite said step 28 of the edge insulating element. 9.
- Cover strips 53 are housed jointly in the recesses of the current heat-insulating elements 8 and the heat-insulating edge elements 9 facing each other in order to cover a space between said heat-insulating elements 8 and 9.
- cover strips are flush with the top face of the cover panels of the heat insulating elements 8 and 9 to provide a continuous flat surface to the waterproof membrane. Moreover, such cover strips 53 make it possible to catch up with constructional games that may appear during construction of the tank.
- the spaces 55 located between the heat insulating elements 9 and the supporting walls 1 and 3 vis-à-vis are advantageously filled with heat insulating material such as glass wool.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic top view of a tank wall at an edge according to an alternative embodiment.
- the same reference numbers are used for elements with the same structure and / or function.
- the heat insulating elements 9 have a width close to the width of the current heat-insulating elements 8.
- the width of the current heat-insulating elements 8 is, for example, about 1200 mm, and the width of the heat-insulating elements of border 9 of the order of 1160mm.
- the corrugations (not shown) of the metal plates (not shown) are not placed in line with the spacer spaces 111 but on the cover panels 19 of the heat-insulating elements of the edge 9.
- the metal plates (not illustrated ) are welded on the anchoring strips 32 in a discontinuous manner and only at a central portion 56 of the anchoring strip 32.
- FIG. 5 represents a tank ridge between two longitudinal tank walls forming an angle of the order of 135 °.
- Such a tank ridge has a similar structure to the tank angle structure 7 forming an angle of 90 ° as described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- the same reference numerals are used for elements having the same structure and / or the same function.
- the plane wall is made in a periodic pattern in both directions of the plane, which pattern can be repeated over more or less large areas depending on the dimensions of the surfaces to be covered. Therefore, the number of heat insulating elements 8 shown in the figures is not limiting can be modified in one direction or the other depending on the needs arising from the geometry of the carrier structure. In addition, on a large flat wall, there may exist locally or singular areas where the mesh must be modified to bypass an obstacle or accommodate a particular equipment.
- the thermally insulating barrier consists essentially of the current heat-insulating elements 8 juxtaposed according to the regular rectangular grid.
- the edges of the current heat-insulating elements 8 as well as the edges of the metal plates 12 are parallel to the two directions defined by the corrugations 13. Because the wave pitch of the sealed membrane is the same in the two directions defined by the corrugations 13 the current heat-insulating elements 8 have a square contour shape. Indeed, the size of the current heat insulating elements 8 is equal to twice the wave pitch in each of the two directions. The outline would be rectangular if the wave steps were different in both directions.
- each corrugation 13 is disposed between a flat portion 101 which is not fixed to the thermally insulating barrier and which spans an interface 103 between the heat-insulating elements.
- each of the corrugations 13 is disposed between, d one side of the planar portions which are attached to the thermally insulating barrier at a ratio of one wavelength out of two (ie the portions 102) and, on the other hand, porti planets 101 which are free to slide on the current heat insulating elements 8.
- This property can be maintained on a portion of or the entire length of the tank wall and / or a portion of or the entire width of the tank wall by repeating the reason. This results in a balancing of the deformations transmitted to the various undulations 13.
- FIG. 8 shows that the general structure of the current heat insulating element 8 is, apart from the dimensional differences and the anchor strips 14, very similar to that of the heat-insulating element of the edge 9.
- the current heat-insulating element 8 thus comprises a bottom panel 117, two longitudinal side panels 121, two transverse side panels 122 and a cover panel 119. All these panels are rectangular in shape and delimit an internal space of the heat insulating element.
- the bottom panel 117 and the cover panel 119 develop parallel to one another and parallel to the supporting wall.
- the side panels 121, 122 extend perpendicular to the bottom panel 117 and connect the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 119 over the entire periphery of the heat insulating member.
- Carrier spacers not shown are disposed between the bottom panel 117 and the cover panel 119 in the inner space of the heat insulating element, parallel to the longitudinal side panels 121.
- the transverse side panels 122 developing perpendicularly to the panels of FIG. longitudinal side 121 have orifices through 123. These through holes 23 are intended to allow the circulation of inert gas in the thermally insulating barrier.
- the panels and load-bearing spacers are attached by any suitable means, for example screws, staples or points, and together form a box in which is disposed a not shown heat seal.
- This heat-insulating lining is preferably non-structural, for example pearlite or glass wool or low-density polymer foam, for example of the order of 10 to 30 kg / m- 3 .
- the bottom panel 117 has longitudinal flanges 125 protruding from the longitudinal side panels 121 and transverse flanges 126 projecting from the transverse side panels 122. Cleats 127 are carried by the longitudinal flanges 125 at the corners of the wall. current heat-insulating element 8 to cooperate with the anchoring members 10.
- FIG. 8 also shows the caulk beads 60 on which a current heat-insulating element 8 is based.
- These caulk beads 60 are preferably non-adhesive in order to allow a sliding play of the current heat-insulating element 8 with respect to the load-bearing wall.
- the anchoring of the current heat-insulating elements 8 to the load-bearing wall is carried out each time by means of four anchoring members 10 arranged at the four corners, in which an anchoring member 10 cooperates each time with four common heat-insulating elements. 8 adjacent.
- the dimensions of the current insulating element 8 are: thickness 220mm, width 1200mm, length 1200mm, for a wave pitch of 600mm in both directions.
- the width of the gap between the current heat insulating elements 8 is here negligible.
- the wave pitch is here defined as the distance between the vertex edges of two parallel and adjacent corrugations 13.
- the thickness can be varied according to the requirement in terms of thermal performance of the tank.
- the wave pitch can be modified according to the requirement in terms of flexibility of the sealed membrane, which involves modifying the size of the current heat insulating element 8 correspondingly.
- the single metal plate 12 shown has dimensions of two waves per six wave steps.
- the metal plates 12 forming the sealed membrane may, however, be dimensioned in different ways, provided that they correspond to an even integer number of the wave pitch in each of the two directions of the plane.
- the corners of the plates and the edges of the metal plates 12 are all located at the right of the strips anchoring 14 common heat-insulating elements 8 which support the metal plate 12.
- the dimension of the metal plate 12 is equal to two wave steps in at least one direction of the plane, so that it suffices to realize welds on the anchor strips 14 located along the contour of the metal plate 12 to obtain the desired anchoring, ensuring that one and only one edge of each corrugation is attached to the insulating barrier.
- the waterproof membrane with metal plates 12 larger than two wave steps in the two directions of the plane, provided that additional welds of the flat portions located at a distance from the edges of the metal plate are made on the anchoring strips 14 underlying,
- FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the anchoring member 10.
- the threaded stud 38 is not directly welded to the carrier wall. It is instead screwed into a split nut 61 housed in a hollow base 62.
- the hollow base 62 containing the split nut 61 has been previously welded to the carrier wall.
- FIG. 9 also shows a stack of Belleville washers inserted between the support plate 39 and the nut 40.
- a shim 63 is placed on the carrier wall around the hollow base 62 to receive the corners of the four adjacent heat insulating elements 8 which will rest thereon. Thickness shims 63 and caulk beads 60 serve to make up for the flatness defects of the load-bearing wall and thus to provide a planar upper surface for resting the current heat-insulating elements 8.
- a positioning shim 64 projecting above the shim 63 is mounted in the central opening of the shim 63, around the hollow base 62.
- the positioning shims 64 serve as the stopper for positioning the corners of the current heat insulating elements 8.
- the longitudinal flange 125 is exactly the length of the longitudinal side panel 121 and the transverse flange 126 is exactly the length of the transverse side panel 122, so that the surfaces of vertical end of the longitudinal flange 125 and the transverse flange 126 at the corner form two orthogonal surfaces that can come into contact with two corresponding faces of the positioning wedge 64, the periphery of which is octagonal.
- each corrugated metal plate 12 has a thickness shift in a raised edge area 66 along two out of four edges, the other two edges being flat.
- the raised edging area 66 serves to cover the flat edging area of an adjacent metal plate 12 and will eventually be welded thereto continuously to provide a tight connection between the two metal plates 12.
- the raised edging area 66 is obtained by a folding operation also called joglinage.
- the technique described above for producing a tank with a single sealed membrane can also be used in different types of tanks, for example to form a double membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a land installation or in a floating structure like a LNG carrier or other.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the waterproof membrane illustrated in the previous figures is a secondary waterproof membrane, and a primary insulating barrier and a primary waterproof membrane, not shown, must be added to this secondary waterproof membrane. In this way, this technique can also be applied to tanks having a plurality of thermally insulating barrier and superimposed waterproof membranes.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 A second embodiment of the flat wall of the tank, more particularly adapted to a double membrane tank, will now be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12.
- Figure 12 there is shown in broken view the multilayer structure of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid.
- Each wall of the tank comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 comprising insulating blocks 202 juxtaposed and fixed to the supporting structure 203, a secondary waterproof membrane 204 carried by the blocks insulators 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201, a primary thermal insulation barrier 205 comprising insulating blocks 206 juxtaposed and anchored to the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 by primary retaining members and a membrane primary watertight 207, carried by the insulation blocks 206 of the barrier primary thermal insulation 205 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
- the supporting structure 203 may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
- the support structure 203 may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- the supporting structure 203 has a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the vessel, usually a polyhedral shape.
- the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 comprises a plurality of insulating blocks 202 bonded to the carrier structure 203 by means of adhesive resin cords, not shown.
- the resin beads must be sufficiently adhesive to insure alone the anchoring of the insulating blocks 202.
- the insulating blocks 202 may be anchored by means of the aforementioned anchoring members 10 or similar mechanical devices.
- the insulating blocks 2 have substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the insulating blocks 202 each comprise an insulating polymeric foam layer 209 sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 210, which constitutes a cover panel, and an outer rigid plate 211, which constitutes a bottom panel.
- the rigid plates, internal 210 and external 211 are, for example, plywood plates bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam 209.
- the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
- the polymeric foam is advantageously reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reducing its thermal contraction.
- the insulating blocks 202 are juxtaposed in parallel rows and separated from each other by interstices 212 ensuring a functional assembly game.
- the interstices 212 are filled with a heat-insulating lining, not shown, such as glass wool, rock wool or flexible synthetic foam with open cells for example.
- the heat-insulating liner is advantageously made of a porous material so as to provide gas flow spaces in the interstices 212 between the insulating blocks 202. Such gas flow spaces are advantageously used in order to allow a circulation of inert gas.
- the interstices 212 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.
- the inner plate 210 has two series of two grooves 214 and 215, perpendicular to each other, so as to form a network of grooves.
- Each of the series of grooves 214 and 215 is parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating blocks 202.
- the grooves 214 and 215 are intended for the reception of corrugations, projecting towards the outside of the tank, formed on the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 204.
- the inner plate 210 has two grooves 214 extending in one direction of the insulating block 202 and two grooves 215 extending in the other direction of the insulating block 202, the dimensions of which are, as in the first embodiment, equal to two wave steps by two wave steps.
- the grooves 214 and 215 completely traverse the thickness of the inner plate 210 and thus open at the level of the insulating polymer foam layer 209.
- the insulating blocks 202 comprise in the zones of intersection between the grooves 214 and 215, clearance openings 216 formed in the layer of insulating polymer foam 209.
- the clearance orifices 216 allow the housing of the node zones formed at the intersections between the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 204. These node zones present a top protruding outwardly of the vessel.
- the inner plate 210 is equipped with metal plates 217 and 218 for anchoring the edge of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproof membrane 204 on the insulating blocks 202.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are located in the central square zone of the inner plate 210 delimited between the grooves 214 and 215 formed in the inner plate 210.
- the central metal plate 217 has a square shape and is located in the center of the inner plate 210, while that the two or four elongate plates 218 are arranged around the central metal plate 217 in the form of one or two strips completely passing through the central square zone of the inner plate 210.
- thermal protection strips 54 are arranged in the extension of the elongated plates 218 The structure and function of the thermal protection strips 54 have been described above.
- FIG. 10 thus shows two types of insulating blocks 202.
- the insulating blocks 202 located at the corners of the metal plates 224, of rectangular shape, forming the secondary waterproof membrane 204 bear four elongated plates 218 thus forming two perpendicular strips crossing at the level the central plate 217, and respectively parallel to the two edges of the metal plate 224.
- the insulating blocks 202 located at the edges of the metal plates 224 away from the corners bear only two elongate plates 218 thus forming a strip parallel to the edge of the metal plate 224.
- all the insulating blocks 202 could carry the four elongate plates 218, as a standard manufacturing measure.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are fixed on the inner plate 210 of the insulating block 202, by screws, rivets, staples, by gluing or combination of several of these means, for example.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are placed in recesses formed in the inner plate 210 so that the inner surface of the metal plates 217 and 218 is flush with the inner surface of the inner plate 210.
- the inner plate 210 is also equipped with threaded metal studs 219 projecting towards the inside of the tank, and intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 on the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201.
- the studs 219 pass through orifices formed in the metal plates 17.
- the secondary sealing barrier comprises a plurality of corrugated metal plates 224 each having a substantially rectangular shape.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 are arranged offset from the insulating panels 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 such that each of said corrugated metal plates 224 extends together over at least four adjacent insulating panels 202.
- Each corrugated metal plate 224 has a first series of parallel corrugations 13 extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 13 extending in a second direction. The directions of the series of corrugations 13 are perpendicular.
- Each of the series of corrugations 13 is parallel to two opposite edges of the corrugated metal plate 224.
- the corrugations 13 here protrude towards the outside of the vessel, that is to say in the direction of the supporting structure 203.
- the Corrugated metal plate 224 has between the corrugations 13 a plurality of planar portions.
- the metal sheet has a node area 227.
- the node area 227 has a central portion having an apex projecting outwardly of the vessel.
- the corrugations 13 of the first series and the second series have identical heights. As in the first embodiment, it is however possible to provide that the corrugations 13 of the first series have a height greater than the corrugations 13 of the second series or vice versa.
- the undulations 13 of the corrugated metal plates 224 are housed in the grooves 214 and 215 formed in the inner plate 210 of the insulating panels 202.
- the adjacent corrugated metal plates 224 are welded together, with an overlap at the bottom. of the raised border area 66 previously described.
- the anchoring of the corrugated metal plates 224 on the metal plates 217 and 218 is achieved by pointing welds.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 comprise, along their longitudinal edges and at their four corners, cutouts 228 allowing the passage of the studs 219 intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier. 201.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 are, for example, made of Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 e and 2.10 "6 K " 1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 .
- the corrugated metal plates 224 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum.
- the lengths and widths of the corrugated metal plates 224 are sized like the metal plates 12 of the first embodiment for the same reasons.
- the single metal plate 224 shown has dimensions of two waves per six wave steps. The metal plate 224 thus has an alternation of flat portions 101 not fixed and flat portions 102 fixed, as described above.
- the sealed membrane 204 is made with metal plates 224 larger than two wave steps in the two directions of the plane, it is necessary to make additional openings in the flat portions situated at a distance from the edges of the metal plate 224 to allow the passage of the studs 219, and to achieve sealed welds of the edges of these openings on the underlying metal plates 217.
- the dimensions of the insulating block 202 are: width 990mm, length 990mm, for a wave pitch of 510mm in both directions and a gap of 30mm between the insulating blocks.
- the wave pitch can be modified according to the requirement in terms of flexibility of the sealed membrane, which involves modifying the size of the insulating block 202 correspondingly.
- the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 here comprises a plurality of insulating panels 206 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the insulating panels 206 are offset with respect to the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 so that each insulating panel 206 extends over here eight insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201.
- details on the realization of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 and the primary waterproof membrane 207 can be found in the publication WO-A-2016046487.
- one of the two series of corrugations of the sealed membrane can be omitted, for example for applications where the flexibility of the membrane is desired only in one direction of the plane.
- the dimensional symmetries of the vessel wall described above are only needed in one direction of the plane and the sizing that referred to the wave pitch of the corrugation series that has now been removed becomes sure superfluous, or at least optional.
- a broken view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
- the vessel comprises a single hull.
- loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of liquefied gas from or to the tank 71.
- FIG. 13 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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PL16791660T PL3362732T3 (pl) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Szczelny i izolujący termicznie zbiornik |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1559744A FR3042253B1 (fr) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
PCT/FR2016/052648 WO2017064426A1 (fr) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3362732A1 true EP3362732A1 (fr) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3362732B1 EP3362732B1 (fr) | 2019-11-06 |
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EP16791660.0A Active EP3362732B1 (fr) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
EP22190092.1A Pending EP4108976A1 (fr) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-03 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP22190092.1A Pending EP4108976A1 (fr) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-03 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10578248B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3362732B1 (fr) |
JP (4) | JP6564926B2 (fr) |
KR (4) | KR102101324B1 (fr) |
CN (4) | CN107835915B (fr) |
DK (1) | DK3526512T3 (fr) |
ES (2) | ES2768991T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3042253B1 (fr) |
PH (2) | PH12018500091A1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL3362732T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT3526512T (fr) |
RU (2) | RU2021117782A (fr) |
SG (2) | SG11201800151VA (fr) |
WO (3) | WO2017064413A1 (fr) |
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