EP3190194B1 - Procédé de détection de la distribution de flux d'air dans un haut-fourneau - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de la distribution de flux d'air dans un haut-fourneau Download PDF

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EP3190194B1
EP3190194B1 EP14901343.5A EP14901343A EP3190194B1 EP 3190194 B1 EP3190194 B1 EP 3190194B1 EP 14901343 A EP14901343 A EP 14901343A EP 3190194 B1 EP3190194 B1 EP 3190194B1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
gas
measuring device
burden
flow rate
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EP3190194A1 (fr
EP3190194A4 (fr
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Huatao ZHAO
Ping Du
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Jiangsu Shagang Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Shagang Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/103—Detection of leakages of the cooling liquid

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of numerical simulation of gas flow distribution in blast furnace, and in particular relates to a method for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace.
  • a blast furnace is an iron-making vertical furnace with a circular cross section, which generally employs steel plates as a furnace mantle, and the furnace mantle is lined with refractory bricks.
  • a body of blast furnace is divided into five parts from top to bottom: furnace throat, furnace stack, furnace bosh, furnace belly, and furnace hearth.
  • blast furnace iron-making technology has advantages such as good economic indicators, simple process, large production capacity, a high productivity, low energy consumption and the like, iron produced in this way accounts for a majority of the total iron production of the world.
  • iron ore, coke and flux for slagging are charged from the top of the furnace, and preheated air is blown from tuyere located at a lower part of the furnace along the furnace periphery.
  • carbon in the coke some blast furnaces are injected therein with pulverized coal, heavy oil, natural gas and other auxiliary fuels
  • carbon monoxide and hydrogen which removes oxygen in the iron ore while ascending in the furnace, thereby reducing the iron ore to obtain iron.
  • the molten iron smelted is discharged from a taphole.
  • the impurities not reduced in the iron ore are combined with the flux such as limestone to generate slag which is discharged together with the molten iron from the taphole and is separated by a skimmer.
  • the generated gas is exhausted from the top of the furnace, and is used after being de-dusted as a fuel for hot stove, heating furnace, coke oven, boiler, and the like.
  • the blast furnace smelting produces pig iron as a main product, as well as blast furnace slag and blast furnace gas as by-products.
  • the gas flow distribution is critical to the blast furnace operation, therefore, it is often said that "iron-making is just manipulating gas behavior".
  • the gas flow distribution is the most important standard for the adjustment of material distribution system of a blast furnace, which reflects whether the current blast furnace operation is stable or not, and determines the utilization rate of blast furnace gas. For such a high-temperature high-pressure airtight container of blast furnace, how to obtain information of the gas flow is very important.
  • the size of the flame burning at the furnace throat is observed by infrared imaging at the furnace top to determine the change of the gas flow, and the temperature of a thermocouple at the furnace throat is observed to determine the change of the gas flow at the edge.
  • less information is acquired.
  • Some iron and steel plants further develop gas sampling equipment in a radial direction of the throat to analyze the compositional distribution of gas flow in the radial direction.
  • Russian Patent SU1330163 also discloses a method for detecting a radial gas flow distribution in blast furnace, in which gas composition is measured by a gas sampling device inserted inside the burden, and before and after each batch of burden is distributed, radial gas flow temperature distribution is measured by infrared imaging, and then the radial gas flow distribution is calculated by an empirical formula based on the average furnace top gas flow rate, temperature, time difference, and specific heat of the burden.
  • the measurement relies on expensive infrared measurement device, and the gas sampling device in the furnace may interfere with unloading of the burden and accelerate abrasion to the lining of blast furnace.
  • the burden layer thickness and heat conduction are uniform in the radial direction, whereas in practical production with the blast furnace, the burden layer thickness and heat conduction vary significantly in the radial direction.
  • JP S59093809 A discloses a method to detect the flow of gas in a blast furnace and to perform stable operation of the blast furnace by installing thermocouples into multiple positions of the furnace, and controlling the distribution of charge according to the temperatures.
  • the technical problem to be addressed by the present application is to provide a method for detecting radial gas flow distribution in blast furnace which enables a blast furnace operator to obtain the change of the gas flow distribution and the burden layer structure distribution promptly when main operating parameters change, and to timely and accurately adjust the material distribution system, thereby to obtain an ideal gas flow distribution, to reduce a fuel ratio, and maintain a stable and smooth operation of blast furnace at the same time.
  • the present application discloses a method for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace according to claim 1.
  • the detection method further includes:
  • the burden materials are ore and coke
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions is x i
  • the average thickness ratio of burden material layers is X t
  • the pressure drop per unit length of burden layer in each lump zone of blast furnace is equal to each other, the pressure drop per unit length of burden layer in each lump zone of blast furnace is equal to the sum of a pressure drop per unit length of coke and a pressure drop per unit length of ore in said lump zone of blast furnace.
  • the temperature-measuring device is a cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun.
  • the present application further disclose a system for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace according to claim 7.
  • the system further includes:
  • the present application discloses a method for detecting an gas flow distribution in blast furnace, characterized in comprising the following steps: a) dividing a cross-section of blast furnace throat according to the number and positions of temperature-measuring devices at the top of blast furnace to obtain N temperature-measuring device regions; wherein the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1; b) obtaining a solid-gas heat flow ratio of each of the temperature-measuring device regions according to temperature values from each of the temperature-measuring devices and a balance equation between a heat flow rate of gas and a heat flow rate of solid in a lump zone of blast furnace below corresponding temperature-measuring device region; c) establishing a function relation between a thickness ratio of burden material layers and a gas flow rate within each of the temperature-measuring device regions according to the solid-gas heat flow ratio of each of the temperature-measuring device regions; d) obtaining the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions according
  • the detection method provided according to the present application takes into account heat exchange between the gas flow and the solid burden bed, and the effect of distribution of burden layer structure in a radial direction of blast furnace on the gas permeability in a radial direction of blast furnace (which in turn affects mode of gas flow distribution), and further combines cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun and other main blast furnace operating parameters, to calculate the distribution of the gas flow and the radial material layer structure of blast furnace.
  • a blast furnace operator can timely and accurately infer, from change in the temperature distribution of current radial gas flow, the change direction of the distribution of the gas flow and the radial material layer structure at a furnace throat portion, thus providing a direction for the adjustment of burden distribution system, ensuring the blast furnace to run stably and smoothly, extending the service life and reducing the fuel ratio without other expensive detecting instruments.
  • the detection method provided according to the present application the heat flow ratio distribution, the ore layer thickness ratio distribution and the gas flow rate distribution at various points in the radial direction of blast furnace throat in various operational time periods are calculated, and the changes of respective parameters before and after each change of the burden distribution matrix are compared.
  • the experimental results show that, the direction of each change of the burden distribution matrix is consistent with the direction of the change of the ore layer thickness ratio distribution calculated according to the present application, and changes in the gas flow distribution and the temperature distribution accordingly are also the same as expected.
  • the present application discloses a method for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace, characterized in comprising the following steps:
  • thermodynamic calculation formulas There are no particular requirements on the thermodynamic calculation formulas mentioned in the present application, as long as they are thermodynamic calculation formulas well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the cross-section of blast furnace throat is divided according to the number and positions of temperature-measuring devices at the top of blast furnace to obtain N temperature-measuring device regions; wherein the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the blast furnace with the temperature-measuring device there are no particular limitations on the blast furnace with the temperature-measuring device, as long as it is an iron-making blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art, but is preferably a blast furnace with 2500 m 3 from Hongfa in the present application.
  • the temperature-measuring device in the present application as long as it is a device for measuring the temperature of blast furnaces well known to those skilled in the art, and is preferably a cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun according to the present application.
  • the number of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun there are no particular limitations on the number of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun, as long as it is a common number of cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun well known to those skilled in the art, and is preferably 2 to 4 according to the present application.
  • the number of temperature-measuring points of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun there are no particular limitations on the number of temperature-measuring points of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun, as long as it is a common number of temperature-measuring points of a cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun well known to those skilled in the art, and is preferably 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 7 according to the present application.
  • the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun there are no particular limitations on the position of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun, as long as it is a position of a cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun mounted in blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art, but the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns are preferably mounted correspondingly to the four walls of blast furnace throat, and more preferably to the east side and the west side, and more preferably the south side and the north side, and most preferably the east, south, west and north sides according to the present application.
  • one cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun is mounted in each of the four directions, i.e., east, south, west and north, of blast furnace throat, in which one cross-shaped temperature-measuring gun has six temperature-measuring points, and each of the other three cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns has five temperature-measuring points.
  • the method for setting the temperature-measuring points there are no particular limitations on the method for setting the temperature-measuring points, as long as it is a method for setting temperature-measuring points of cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the specific method for setting the temperature-measuring points in the present application is preferably implemented in the following steps: the temperature-measuring gun is mounted to be inclined downwards by 15 degrees, and the temperature-measuring points are arranged equidistantly from the center to the edge in a radial direction of blast furnace throat, the space between every two cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns is preferably ranging from 500 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 600 mm to 900 mm, and most preferably 800 mm.
  • the radial direction described in the present application is a radial direction from the center of blast furnace throat to the furnace wall, and the radial direction may be in parallel with a horizontal plane, and may also be not in parallel with a horizontal plane.
  • the specific number of the temperature-measuring device regions i.e., the specific value of the N, which can be set as desired by those skilled in the art according to the size of blast furnace and the practical production situation, and is preferably 4 to 8, more preferably 5 to 7, and most preferably 6 according to the present application.
  • the method for dividing the regions there are no particular limitations on the method for dividing the regions, as long as it is a method for dividing the temperature-measuring device regions of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the specific division method according to the present application is preferably implemented according to the following steps, first, the center of the cross-section of blast furnace throat is taken as a center of circle, and a distance from the center of blast furnace to the middle of every two temperature-measuring points is taken as a radius to draw circles, the cross-section of the furnace throat is divided into six regions along a radial direction, and the areas of the regions are S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , respectively.
  • the temperature points corresponding to the four temperature-measuring guns in the four directions are averaged, i.e., the temperature value of each of the temperature-measuring device regions, to finally obtain the temperature distribution of furnace top gas in the radial direction of the throat.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the temperature-measuring guns and the layout of the radial temperature-measuring device regions.
  • a solid-gas heat flow ratio of each of the temperature-measuring device regions is obtained according to temperature values from each of the temperature-measuring devices and a balance equation between a heat flow rate of gas and a heat flow rate of solid in a lump zone of blast furnace below corresponding temperature-measuring device region.
  • a heat balance may be reached at the part of the lump zone of blast furnace, that is, the temperatures of the solid and the gas are very close to each other, i.e., no heat transfer is happened between the solid and the gas, and this region is a heat balance region. If ignoring the heat loss caused by the chemical reaction and the heat exchange with the furnace wall, a balance equation between the heat flow rate of gas and the heat flow rate of solid is established.
  • C g G g dT / dZ C s G s dt / dZ , wherein Cg is a specific heat of gas, in a unit of KJ/m 3 • °C; C s is a specific heat of solid, in a unit of kJ/kg • °C; G g is a flow rate of gas, in a unit of Nm 3 /h; G s is a flow rate of solid, in a unit of kg/h; dT/dZ is a temperature change per unit of gas height, in a unit of °C/m; and dt/dZ is a temperature change per unit of solid height, in a unit of °C/m.
  • each of the temperature-measuring points meets the above balance equation between the heat flow rate of gas and the heat flow rate of solid, i.e., the gas-solid heat balance equation.
  • the solid-gas heat flow ratios C s G s /C g G g at various points in the radial direction of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns can be calculated, that is, the solid-gas heat flow ratios of corresponding temperature-measuring device regions above the lump zone of blast furnace.
  • the corresponding temperature-measuring device regions mean that the temperature-measuring device regions have one-to-one correspondence to the lump zone of blast furnace in the height direction of blast furnace, and are located above the corresponding lump zone of blast furnace. Any one of the temperature-measuring device regions is the i th region, and 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N; and the i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the lump zone of blast furnace there are no particular limitations on the lump zone of blast furnace; as long as they are lump zones of blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the subsequent division of the internal regions of blast furnace which may be performed by a division method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the blast furnace is preferably divided according to the present application into five parts, i.e., lump zone, cohesive zone, dripping zone, raceway zone, as well as slag-iron zone, reference may be particularly made to Figure 2 for the temperature distribution of the solid and gas inside the blast furnace, and Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the division of the internal regions of blast furnace and the gas-solid heat balance in the lump zones of blast furnace according to the present application.
  • the function relation between the thickness ratio of burden material layers and the gas flow rate within each of the temperature-measuring device regions is established according to the solid-gas heat flow ratio of each of the temperature-measuring device regions obtained in the above step.
  • the burden materials are preferably ore and coke.
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers in the temperature-measuring device region is preferably x i
  • the gas flow rate in the temperature-measuring device region is preferably u i .
  • C g is a specific heat of gas
  • C s is a specific heat of solid
  • G g is a flow rate of gas
  • G s is a flow rate of solid
  • ⁇ is a density of furnace top gas, in a unit of kg/m 3
  • v is a descent velocity of the solid burden bed, in a unit of m/s
  • ⁇ O is a density of ore, in a unit of kg/m 3
  • ⁇ C is a density of coke, in a unit of kg/m 3 .
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions is then acquired according to the pressure drop per unit length of burden layer ( ⁇ P /L), the particle size distribution of materials and gas resistance equation of each lump zone of blast furnace, and then the function relation between the thickness ratio of burden material layers and the gas flow rate within each of the temperature-measuring device regions obtained in the above step is combined, to obtain the gas flow rate of each of the temperature-measuring device regions.
  • the pressure drop per unit length of burden layer ( ⁇ P /L) of the lump zone of blast furnace is preferably a preset value, and in the present application, there are no particular limitations on the presetting method of the ⁇ P /L, which may be a method well known to those skilled in the art, and is preferably set based on the total pressure drop of practical operation of blast furnace and the distance from the tuyere to the burden line according to the present application.
  • the particle size distribution of materials (dp) of the lump zone of blast furnace i.e., the particle size distribution of the coke and ore in the radial direction of blast furnace are preferably preset values, and in the present application, there are no particular limitations on the setting method of the particle size distribution of materials, which can be a method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers x 1 , x 2 , ⁇ x N and the gas flow rate distribution u 1 , u 2 , ⁇ u N of each of the temperature-measuring device regions are finally obtained through calculation of above steps.
  • the verification For purpose of ensuring the reliability of the calculated data and improving the accuracy of the calculated data, it is preferably according to the present application to verify the above calculated data.
  • the method for the verification which can be a method for verifying the above blast furnace data well known to those skilled in the art, and the verification according to the present application is preferably performed according to the following steps.
  • an average thickness ratio of burden material layers is calculated according to the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions, a total volume of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions is obtained according to gas flow rate in each of the temperature-measuring device regions, and a total heat of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions is further obtained.
  • the average thickness ratio of burden material layers obtained in the above step is compared with a theoretical average thickness ratio of burden material layers, to obtain an error ⁇ 1; the total volume of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions obtained in the above step is compared with a theoretical total volume of furnace top gas flow, to obtain an error ⁇ 2; and the total heat of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions is compared with a theoretical total heat of furnace top gas flow, to obtain an error ⁇ 3.
  • the pressure drop per unit length of burden layer and the particle size distribution of burden materials are modified if one or more of the errors ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 has a value greater than or equal to 5%, and the step d) is performed again, until the value of each of the errors ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 is less than 5%; and the step e) is performed in the case that the value of each of the errors ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 is less than 5%.
  • the kinds of the detection date which may be the kinds of detection date under normal states of blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art, and are preferably batch data of coke, batch data of ore, gas consumption, as well as composition, temperature, and pressure, or the like of various gases detected at the furnace top.
  • the source of the detection date which can be the source of detection date under normal states of blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions calculated by the above steps is firstly calculated to obtain the average thickness ratio of burden material layers; and then the total volume of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions is obtained according to the above gas flow rate of various temperature-measuring device regions, and the total heat of gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions is in turn obtained.
  • the above average thickness ratio of burden material layers, the total gas flow volume, and the total gas flow heat are all data obtained by calculation according to practical detection data and further through the above calculation method according to the present application.
  • the thickness ratio of burden material layers within each of the temperature-measuring device regions is preferably x i
  • the average thickness ratio of burden material layers is preferably X t
  • the theoretical average ore-coke layer thickness ratio (i.e., the theoretical average thickness ratio of burden material layers) is further calculated according to the given batch data of coke and the given batch data of ore.
  • the volume V D of dry gas at the furnace top is calculated according to the N 2 in the blast furnace gas by conservation law.
  • the volume V H2O of the water vapor at the furnace top is calculated, to thereby calculating the theoretical total furnace top gas flow volume V 0 and the total furnace top gas heat Q 0 , i.e., the theoretical total gas flow volume at the furnace top and the theoretical total gas flow heat at the furnace top.
  • X 0 [L O /(L O +L C )] 0
  • Lo is a thickness of ore layer
  • Lc is a thickness of coke layer.
  • the X t , V t and Q t calculated by the above calculation methods are compared with the theoretical values X 0 , V 0 and Q 0 obtained according to the above equations, to obtain errors ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3.
  • the calculation methods of the above errors which can be calculation methods for errors well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the verification scheme of the errors which can be verification schemes or verification standards well known to those skilled in the art, and are preferably performed according to the following steps in the present application.
  • any one of the above error values ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 is greater than or equal to an error limit
  • the error limit is preferably ranging from 3% to 7%, more preferably 4% to 6%, and most preferably 5%.
  • the present application discloses a method for detecting a burden layer structure and gas flow distribution in a radial direction of blast furnace.
  • the detection method disclosed in the present application is based on the main operation parameters of blast furnace such as blast condition, batch weight of coke and ore, pressure drop, furnace top gas composition and temperature, in which the throat is divided into several annular temperature-measuring device regions according to the temperature-measuring points of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns, and gas-solid heat balance and pressure loss of gas flow in the burden material layer in the several temperature-measuring device regions are calculated, to obtain the burden layer structure of the burden materials and the distribution of the gas flow (including velocity, volume and heat) in the radial direction of the throat, and verification and modification are made using mass balance of solid, mass balance of gas, and heat balance.
  • the operator is allowed to obtain the change trends of the burden layer structure and radial distribution of gas flow by indirect means when the furnace conditions, such as the blast condition and the radial distribution form of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns, change, and to timely adjust the material distribution system of blast furnace, to thereby obtain a reasonable gas flow distribution, ensure the stable operation and extend the service life of blast furnace, and achieve the purpose of reducing the fuel ratio.
  • a system for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace is further provided according to the present application, which includes a division unit, a first attainment unit, an establishment unit, a second attainment unit, and a result unit, and preferably further includes a verification unit.
  • the above units have one-to-one correspondence to the corresponding steps of the method for detecting gas flow distribution of blast furnace according to the present application. Since the detection method according to the present application has the above technical effects, the system for detecting gas flow distribution in blast furnace according to the present application also has the same technical effects.
  • the heat flow ratio distribution, the ore layer thickness ratio distribution and the gas flow rate distribution at various points in the radial direction of blast furnace throat in various operational time periods are calculated, and the changes of respective parameters before and after each change of the burden distribution matrix are compared.
  • the experimental results show that, the direction of each change of the burden distribution matrix is consistent with the direction of the change of the ore layer thickness ratio distribution calculated according to the present application, and changes in the gas flow distribution and the temperature distribution accordingly are also the same as expected.
  • a circle was drawn by taking the center of blast furnace as a center of the circle and taking the distances from the center of blast furnace to the middle of every two temperature-measuring points as a radius, and the cross-section of the throat was divided into six parts with areas thereof being S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 and S 6 , respectively.
  • the distribution of areas S 1 to S 6 of respective temperature-measuring device regions was given in Figure 4 , which shows area of each region divided with the temperature-measuring device regions of the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns according to Example 1 of the present application.
  • the cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns was mounted to be inclined downwards by 15 degrees, and the temperature-measuring points were arranged equidistantly from the center to the edge, the space between every two cross-shaped temperature-measuring guns was 800 mm.
  • the temperature points corresponding to the four temperature-measuring guns in the four directions were averaged, obtaining the diagram of the temperature distribution of the furnace top gas in the radial direction of the furnace throat.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement is also shown in Figures 1 to 3 .
  • the temperature in the heat balance region was set at 1000°C.
  • the model of the present application covers the heat balance from the top of blast furnace to the heat balance region, and ignores the heat loss caused by the chemical reaction of the lump zone, the heat exchange between the gas and the furnace wall, and the heat exchange between the solid and the furnace wall.
  • ⁇ O is the ore density, taking 2210 kg/m 3
  • ⁇ C is the coke density, taking 500 kg/m 3
  • L O is the ore layer thickness (m)
  • L C is the coke layer thickness (m)
  • Cs 1245 J/kg . °C.
  • ⁇ 0 , P 0 and T 0 are density, pressure and temperature of gas in a standard state, respectively; P and T are pressure and temperature in a working state, respectively, which are measured by an online instrument.
  • x i C s G s C g G g i ⁇ C g i ⁇ g i C s ⁇ O ⁇ ⁇ C v i u i ⁇ ⁇ C ⁇ O ⁇ ⁇ C
  • the pressure loss per unit length at each point is equal to the sum of the pressure losses per unit length of coke and ore:
  • ⁇ ⁇ P L i ⁇ ⁇ P L O , i ⁇ x i + ⁇ ⁇ P L C , i ⁇ 1 ⁇ x i
  • the pressure losses per unit length at each point is equal to each other in the lump
  • ⁇ P / L the initial value of ⁇ P / L was selected to be 0.77Kpa/m, assuming that the coke and the ore have uniform particle size distribution in the radial direction of the furnace throat, a set of solutions can be given by solving equation under given conditions: the ore layer thickness ratio distribution x 1 , x 2 , ⁇ x 6 , and gas flow rate distribution u 1 , u 2 , ⁇ u 6 .
  • Table 2 shows the numerical distributions of respective parameters calculated in Example 1 of the present application.
  • the average thickness ratio of burden material layers X t was calculated according to the thickness ratio of burden material layers of the temperature-measuring device regions calculated by the above method in Table 2; the total volume V i of the gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions was obtained according to the above gas flow rate of each of the temperature-measuring device regions in Table 2, and the total heat Q i of the gas flow passing through the temperature-measuring device regions was thus obtained.
  • the values of above V i and Q i are shown in Table 2, and Table 2 shows the numerical distributions of respective parameters calculated in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Table 2 the numerical distribution of respective parameters calculated in Example 1 of the present application calculated parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 (CsGs/CgGg) i 0.4855 0.7296 0.9128 0.9422 0.9378 0.8807 x i 0.1269 0.3664 0.6307 0.6628 0.6142 0.4995 u i 1.328 1.042 0.8457 0.8228 0.8466 0.9241 V i 41.73 372.6 887 1399 1897 1492 Q i 31560 142600 106400 110800 161800 246100 (3) Verification of data
  • the theoretical burden material layer structure X 0 was calculated by the calculated batch weight of ore and coke.
  • the theoretical total furnace top gas flow volume V 0 and the theoretical total furnace top gas flow heat Q 0 had been calculated by the above equilibrium of N 2 .
  • Table 4 Change of main operating parameters of blast furnace with 2500m 3 in Hongfa plant from December 2013 to January 2014 operating interval gas composition temperature distribution pressure drop (Kpa) CO ( % ) CO 2 ( % ) H 2 ( % ) N 2 ( % ) ⁇ CO ( % ) T1 (°C) T2 (°C) T3 (°C) T4 (°C) T5 (°C) T6 (°C) case 1 (December 1, 2013 to December 6,2013) 20.34 18.93 2.82 56.4 48.2 527 289 110 81.4 85.7 141 .3 156.1 case 2 (December 7, 2013 to December 17, 2013) 20.76 18.98 2.77 55.9 9 47.76 638.
  • Kpa operating interval gas composition temperature distribution pressure drop
  • the heat flow ratio distribution, thickness ratio of burden material layers distribution and gas flow rate distribution of respective temperature-measuring device regions in the radial direction of blast furnace throat within these five time periods were respectively calculated, and the changes of respective parameters before and after each change of the burden distribution matrix were compared. It is found that, the direction of each change of the burden distribution matrix is consistent with the direction of the distribution change of the ore layer thickness ratio calculated, and changes in the gas flow distribution and the temperature distribution accordingly are also the same as expected.
  • Figure 7 shows the change of respective parameters from Case 1 to Case 2 according to the present application.
  • the operator changes the burden distribution matrix from C 33222212 109876531 O 14443 98765 to C 23222222 109876543 O 24443 98765 , wherein for C b a , C is the charge item of coke in the burden distribution matrix, a is the charging position, and b is the number of turns; for O b a , O is the charge item of ore in the burden distribution matrix, a is the charging position and b is the number of turns.
  • Charging position 10 is close to the furnace wall, charging position 1 is the center of blast furnace, charging position 9 at an edge of the ore is changed from one turn to two turns. It can be inferred that, the ore layer thickness ratio at the edge increases and the gas flow rate at the edge decreases, which are consistent with the directions of distribution change of the calculated ore layer thickness ratio X i and the calculated gas flow rate u i .
  • FIG 8 shows the change of respective parameters from Case 2 to Case 3 according to the present application.
  • M40 is decreased significantly, the slag ratio is increased rapidly, the operator changes the burden distribution matrix from C 23222222 109876543 O 24443 98765 to C 3222222 10987654 O 24443 98765 , 2 turns of coke is removed from the charging position 3. It can be inferred that, the coke in the corresponding middle part is increased and the layer thickness ratio of the ore is decreased, which are consistent with the change of the distribution of the calculated ore layer thickness ratio x i .
  • FIG. 9 shows the change of respective parameters from Case 3 to Case 4 according to the present application.
  • the operator changes the burden distribution matrix from C 3222222 10987654 O 24443 98765 to C 2222222 10987654 O 2233332 10987654 , charging position 10 and charging position 4 of the ore are each provided with two turns. It can be inferred that, the ore layer thickness ratios of the center part and the center part are increased and the ore layer thickness ratio of the middle part is reduced, which are basically consistent with the calculated results.
  • Figure 10 shows the change of respective parameters from Case 3 to Case 4 according to the present application.
  • the operator changes the burden distribution matrix from C 2222222 10987654 O 2233332 10987654 to C 2233322 10987654 O 3233332 10987654
  • the intermediate charging positions "6", "7" and "8" of coke change from being provided with two turns to three turns.
  • the ore layer thickness ratio at the corresponding middle part is reduced, which is consistent with the calculated result.
  • charging position 10 of the ore changes from being provided with two turns to three turns, the ore layer thickness ratio at the corresponding edge is inferred to be increased, which is consistent with the calculated result.

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Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de détection d'une distribution de flux de gaz dans un haut fourneau, le procédé comprenant les étapes ci-dessous consistant à :
    a) diviser une section transversale de gueulard selon le nombre et les positions de dispositifs de mesure de température dans la partie supérieure du haut fourneau en vue d'obtenir « N » régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ; où « N » est un nombre naturel supérieur à « 1 » ;
    b) calculer un rapport de flux thermique « solide-gaz » de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon des valeurs de température provenant de chacun des dispositifs de mesure de température et une équation d'équilibre entre un flux thermique de gaz et un flux thermique de solide dans une zone en morceaux de haut fourneau sous une région de dispositifs de mesure de température correspondante ; où
    l'équation d'équilibre entre un flux thermique de gaz et un flux thermique de solide est la suivante : C g G g dT / dZ = C s G s dt / dZ
    Figure imgb0061
     où « Cg » est une chaleur spécifique de gaz, dans une unité de KJ/m3 • °C ; « Cs » est une chaleur spécifique de solide, dans une unité de kJ/kg • °C ; « Gg » est un débit de gaz, dans une unité de Nm3/h ; « Gs » est un débit de solide, dans une unité de kg/h ; « dT / dZ » est un changement de température par unité de hauteur de gaz, dans une unité de °C/m ; et « dt / dZ » est un changement de température par unité de hauteur de solide, dans une unité de °C/m ;
    c) établir une relation fonctionnelle entre un rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et un débit de gaz au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le rapport de flux thermique « solide-gaz » de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ; où
    la relation fonctionnelle entre un rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et un débit de gaz est la suivante : x i = C s G s C g G g i ⋅ C g i ρ g i C s ρ O − ρ C v i u i − ρ C ρ O − ρ C ,
    Figure imgb0062
     où les matériaux de charge sont du minerai et du coke, « Cg » est une chaleur spécifique de gaz, « Cs » est une chaleur spécifique de solide, « Gg » est un débit de gaz, « Gs » est un débit de solide, « ρ » est une densité de gaz de gueulard, dans une unité de kg/m3, « v » est une vitesse de descente du lit de charge de solide, dans une unité de m/s, « ρo » est la densité de minerai, dans une unité de kg/m3, et « ρc » est la densité de coke, dans une unité de kg/m3 ;
    d) calculer le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon une perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge, une distribution granulométrique des matériaux de charge et une équation de résistance aux gaz de chaque zone en morceaux de haut fourneau, et obtenir le débit de gaz de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ci-dessus et la relation fonctionnelle entre le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et le débit de gaz au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température obtenues à l'étape c) ci-dessus ; où
    l'équation de résistance aux gaz est la suivante : Δ ⁢ P L i = k 1 * 1 − ε 2 D p 2 ε 3 ⋅ μu + k 2 * 1 − ε D p ε 3 ρu 2 i
    Figure imgb0063
     où « k 1 * » est un coefficient de résistance visqueuse, « k 2 * » est un coefficient de résistance à l'inertie, « ΔP/L » est une perte de pression par unité de longueur, « ε » est une porosité de lit de charge, « Dp » est un diamètre de particule moyen des particules, « µ » est une viscosité de gaz, « u » est un débit de gaz, et « ρ » est une densité de gaz ;
    le coefficient de résistance visqueuse du coke et le coefficient de résistance à l'inertie du coke sont respectivement les suivants : k 1 * = 450 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.84 , k 2 * = 2.2 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.04 ;
    Figure imgb0064
     le coefficient de résistance visqueuse du minerai et le coefficient de résistance à l'inertie du minerai sont respectivement les suivants : k 1 * = 260 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.84 , k 2 * = 1.2 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.04 ;
    Figure imgb0065
     et
    e) tracer la distribution de région de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température et le débit de gaz connexe, en vue d'obtenir un résultat de détection de la distribution de gaz.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, le procédé comprenant en outre, après l'étape d), les étapes ci-dessous consistant à :
    d#) obtenir, par le biais d'un calcul, un rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge selon le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, et obtenir un volume total de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le débit de gaz dans chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, en vue d'obtenir en outre une chaleur totale de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ;
    comparer le rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge, obtenu à l'étape ci-dessus, à un rapport d'épaisseur moyenne théorique de couches de matériaux de charge, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ1 » ; comparer le volume total de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, obtenu à l'étape ci-dessus, à un volume total théorique de flux de gaz de gueulard, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ2 » ; et comparer la chaleur totale de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, à une chaleur totale théorique de flux de gaz de gueulard, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ3 » ;
    modifier la perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge et la distribution granulométrique de matériaux de charge si une ou plusieurs des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » présentent une valeur supérieure ou égale à 5 %, et répéter l'étape d), jusqu'à ce que la valeur de chacune des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » soit inférieure à 5 % ; et
    mettre en oeuvre l'étape e) ci-dessus si la valeur de chacune des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » est inférieure à 5 %.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les matériaux de charge sont du minerai et du coke, et le rapport d'épaisseur moyenne théorique de couches de matériaux de charge est calculé sur la base de la formule : X0 = [LO/(LO+LC)]0, où « LO » est une épaisseur de couche de minerai, et « LC » est une épaisseur de couche de coke.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température est « xi », le rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge est « Xi », et le rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge est calculé selon la formule ci-dessous : X t = ∑ i = 1 N x i ⋅ S i / A
    Figure imgb0066
     où « Si » est une aire de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, et « A » est une aire totale de la section transversale du gueulard.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge dans chaque zone en morceaux de haut fourneau est identique ;
    la perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge dans chaque zone en morceaux de haut fourneau est égale à la somme d'une perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de coke et d'une perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de minerai dans ladite zone en morceaux de haut fourneau.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif de mesure de température est un pistolet de mesure de température en forme de croix.
  7. Système destiné à détecter une distribution de flux de gaz dans un haut fourneau, le système comprenant :
    une unité de division, configurée de manière à diviser une section transversale de gueulard selon le nombre et les positions de dispositifs de mesure de température dans la partie supérieure du haut fourneau en vue d'obtenir « N » régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ; où « N » est un nombre naturel supérieur à « 1 » ;
    une première unité d'obtention, configurée de manière à obtenir un rapport de flux thermique « solide-gaz » de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon des valeurs de température provenant de chacun des dispositifs de mesure de température et une équation d'équilibre entre un flux thermique de gaz et un flux thermique de solide dans une zone en morceaux de haut fourneau sous une région de dispositifs de mesure de température correspondante ; où
    l'équation d'équilibre entre un flux thermique de gaz et un flux thermique de solide est la suivante : C g G g dT / dZ = C s G s dt / dZ
    Figure imgb0067
     où « Cg » est une chaleur spécifique de gaz, dans une unité de KJ/m3 • °C ; « Cs » est une chaleur spécifique de solide, dans une unité de kJ/kg • °C ; « Gg » est un débit de gaz, dans une unité de Nm3/h ; « Gs » est un débit de solide, dans une unité de kg/h ; « dT / dZ » est un changement de température par unité de hauteur de gaz, dans une unité de °C/m ; et « dt / dZ » est un changement de température par unité de hauteur de solide, dans une unité de °C/m ;
    une unité d'établissement, configurée de manière à établir une relation fonctionnelle entre un rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et un débit de gaz au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le rapport de flux thermique « solide-gaz » de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ; où
    la relation fonctionnelle entre un rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et un débit de gaz est la suivante : x i = C s G s C g G g i ⋅ C g i ρ g i C s ρ O − ρ C v i u i − ρ C ρ O − ρ C ,
    Figure imgb0068
     où les matériaux de charge sont du minerai et du coke, « Cg » est une chaleur spécifique de gaz, « Cs » est une chaleur spécifique de solide, « Gg » est un débit de gaz, « Gs » est un débit de solide, « ρ » est une densité de gaz de gueulard, dans une unité de kg/m3, « v » est une vitesse de descente du lit de charge de solide, dans une unité de m/s, « ρo » est la densité de minerai, dans une unité de kg/m3, et « ρc » est la densité de coke, dans une unité de kg/m3 ;
    une seconde unité d'obtention, configurée de manière à obtenir le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon une perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge, une distribution granulométrique des matériaux de charge et une équation de résistance aux gaz de chaque zone en morceaux de haut fourneau, et à obtenir le débit de gaz de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ci-dessus et la relation fonctionnelle entre le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge et le débit de gaz au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température obtenues à l'étape c) ci-dessus ; où
    l'équation de résistance aux gaz est la suivante : Δ ⁢ P L i = k 1 * 1 − ε 2 D p 2 ε 3 ⋅ µ u + k 2 * 1 − ε D p ε 3 ρu 2 i
    Figure imgb0069
     où « k 1 * » est un coefficient de résistance visqueuse, « k 2 * » est un coefficient de résistance à l'inertie, « ΔP/L » est une perte de pression par unité de longueur, « ε » est une porosité de lit de charge, « Dp » est un diamètre de particule moyen des particules, « µ » est une viscosité de gaz, « u » est un débit de gaz, et « ρ » est une densité de gaz ;
    le coefficient de résistance visqueuse du coke et le coefficient de résistance à l'inertie du coke sont respectivement les suivants : k 1 * = 450 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.84 , k 2 * = 2.2 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.04 ;
    Figure imgb0070
     le coefficient de résistance visqueuse du minerai et le coefficient de résistance à l'inertie du minerai sont respectivement les suivants : k 1 * = 260 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.84 , k 2 * = 1.2 ⋅ D p ⋅ 10 0.04 ;
    Figure imgb0071
     et
    une unité de résultat, configurée de manière à tracer la distribution ci-dessus de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température et le débit de gaz connexe, en vue d'obtenir un résultat de détection de la distribution de gaz.
  8. Système de détection selon la revendication 7, le système comprenant en outre :
    une unité de vérification, configurée de manière à obtenir, par le biais d'un calcul, un rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge selon le rapport d'épaisseur de couches de matériaux de charge au sein de chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, et à obtenir un volume total de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température selon le débit de gaz dans chacune des régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, en vue d'obtenir en outre une chaleur totale de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température ;
    dans lequel le rapport d'épaisseur moyenne de couches de matériaux de charge, obtenu à l'étape ci-dessus, est comparé à un rapport d'épaisseur moyenne théorique de couches de matériaux de charge, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ1 » ; le volume total de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température, obtenu à l'étape ci-dessus, est comparé à un volume total théorique de flux de gaz de gueulard, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ2 » ; et la chaleur totale de flux de gaz traversant les régions de dispositifs de mesure de température est comparée à une chaleur totale théorique de flux de gaz de gueulard, en vue d'obtenir une erreur « σ3 » ;
    dans lequel la perte de pression par unité de longueur de couche de charge et la distribution granulométrique de matériaux de charge sont modifiées si une ou plusieurs des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » présentent une valeur supérieure ou égale à 5 %, et l'étape d) est répétée jusqu'à ce que la valeur de chacune des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » soit inférieure à 5 % ; et
    dans lequel l'étape e) est mise en oeuvre dans le cas où la valeur de chacune des erreurs « σ1 », « σ2 » et « σ3 » est inférieure à 5 %.
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EP3190194A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
JP6503055B2 (ja) 2019-04-17
US20170283891A1 (en) 2017-10-05
KR20170047377A (ko) 2017-05-04
CN104212924B (zh) 2016-08-24
JP2017525854A (ja) 2017-09-07
CN104212924A (zh) 2014-12-17
KR101987139B1 (ko) 2019-06-10
EP3190194A4 (fr) 2018-03-21
WO2016033843A1 (fr) 2016-03-10

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