WO2023199551A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement de haut-fourneau - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement de haut-fourneau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023199551A1
WO2023199551A1 PCT/JP2022/046306 JP2022046306W WO2023199551A1 WO 2023199551 A1 WO2023199551 A1 WO 2023199551A1 JP 2022046306 W JP2022046306 W JP 2022046306W WO 2023199551 A1 WO2023199551 A1 WO 2023199551A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
volume
iron
blast furnace
raw material
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PCT/JP2022/046306
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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直美 澤木
雄基 川尻
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Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
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Priority to JP2023516076A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023199551A1/ja
Publication of WO2023199551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023199551A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a blast furnace that generates highly concentrated reducing gas in the blast furnace in front of the tuyere, and more specifically, the permeability of metal iron in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace, and the flow of gas in the blast furnace.
  • This invention relates to a method of operating a blast furnace that improves air permeability.
  • the coal-derived reducing agent ratio refers to the total mass of coal-derived coke and coal-derived reducing gas required to produce 1 ton of hot metal.
  • the reducing agent has the role of generating heat in the furnace to raise the temperature of the charge, and the role of reducing iron ore, iron ore sinter, and iron ore pellets, which are iron-based raw materials in the furnace.
  • the reducing agent ratio and reduce the amount of CO 2 gas discharged it is necessary to increase the reduction efficiency of the reducing agent while maintaining the amount of heat in the furnace.
  • Hydrogen is attracting attention as a reducing agent for the purpose of reducing CO 2 gas emissions.
  • the reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, but the endothermic amount is smaller than the direct reduction reaction (reaction formula: FeO+C ⁇ Fe+CO), and the reduction rate with hydrogen is faster than the reduction rate with CO gas. Therefore, by blowing hydrogen-based gas into the blast furnace, it is possible to simultaneously reduce CO 2 gas emissions and improve reduction efficiency.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 As conventional techniques for solving problems similar to the above-mentioned problems, techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that in a blast furnace where the relative layer thickness ratio in the peripheral region of the ore layer/coke layer is 0.50 to 0.70, the charging pattern of the top charge is ensured along the radial direction of the furnace mouth. Moreover, a method for controlling the burden distribution that achieves stable operation of a blast furnace through accurate adjustment is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 describes that in blast furnace operation in which 180 kg or more of pulverized coal is injected per ton of hot metal from the tuyere, the ratio of coke layer thickness Lc to charging layer thickness, which is the sum of coke layer thickness Lc and ore layer thickness Lo, is A blast furnace operating method is disclosed in which coke and iron ore are charged from the top of the furnace so as to satisfy predetermined values in each region in the radial direction. According to Patent Document 2, it is possible to reduce the pressure loss in the charge layer in the upper part of the blast furnace, maintain good air permeability in the furnace, and enable stable highly pulverized coal injection operation.
  • the melting point of iron (Fe) is 1538°C, which is higher than the melting point of FeO, which is 1377°C.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the production of metallic iron in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace when carrying out a blast furnace operation that generates high concentration reducing gas in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a blast furnace that can appropriately maintain liquid permeability of the blast furnace and ensure gas permeability within the blast furnace within an operable range.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive studies. As a result, in blast furnace operations that generate highly concentrated reducing gas in the blast furnace in front of the tuyere, the interface area between the iron-based raw material and coke is controlled, and the area where the carbon in the coke carburizes into the metallic iron produced in the furnace is reduced. increase, promoting the lowering of the melting point of metallic iron due to carburization of carbon. It has been found that this makes it possible to maintain good liquid permeability and gas permeability of metal iron in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace.
  • the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
  • a method of operating a blast furnace in which iron-based raw materials and coke are alternately charged from the top of the blast furnace, and gas that generates high concentration reducing gas is blown into the furnace from the tuyere of the blast furnace in front of the tuyere, A method for operating a blast furnace, in which a boundary area between the iron-based raw material and the coke per unit iron-based raw material is within a predetermined range.
  • the boundary area per unit iron-based raw material is the boundary area between the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer per unit iron-based raw material and the coke particles mixed and charged in the iron-based raw material and the iron-based raw material layer.
  • the high concentration reducing gas is composed of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas when expressed as a Bosch gas composition, and the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas.
  • the composition is within the area surrounded by the four points, H 2 gas within the range of 0 to 100 volume %, and N within the range of 0 to 71 volume % 2 gas and CO gas within a range of 0 to 100% by volume, the method for operating a blast furnace according to [1].
  • the high concentration reducing gas is composed of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas when expressed as a Bosch gas composition, and the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas.
  • the high concentration reducing gas is composed of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas when expressed as a Bosch gas composition, and the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas
  • the points at H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas; 0 volume %, CO gas; 100 volume %, and H 2 gas 100 volume %, N 2 gas; 0 Volume %, CO gas; 0 volume % point, H 2 gas; 29 volume %, N 2 gas; 71 volume %, CO gas; 0 volume % point, H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas ; 37 volume %, CO gas; 63 volume % point and the composition within the area surrounded by the four points, H 2 gas within the range of 0 to 100 volume % and 0 to 71 volume %
  • the boundary area between the iron-based raw material and coke charged from the top of the furnace is kept within a predetermined range. Make it. This promotes carburization of the generated metallic iron, lowers the melting point of the metallic iron, and maintains appropriate liquid permeability of the metallic iron in the cohesive zone and the dripping zone in the blast furnace. As a result, gas permeability within the blast furnace can be ensured within an operable range, and stable operation of the blast furnace can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows the composition of the high-concentration reducing gas produced in the furnace before the tuyere in the blast furnace operating method according to the present embodiment in the gas component composition of a ternary diagram of H 2 gas-N 2 gas-CO gas. It is a figure showing a range as a Bosch gas composition.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the shapes of an iron-based raw material layer and a coke layer in a blast furnace.
  • FIG. 3(A) is a diagram schematically showing a ferrous raw material layer and coke particles mixed and charged into the ferrous raw material layer
  • FIG. 3(B) is a diagram schematically showing the coke particles mixed and charged into the ferrous raw material layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows the composition of the high-concentration reducing gas produced in the furnace before the tuyere in the blast furnace operating method according to the present embodiment in the gas component composition of a ternary diagram of H 2 gas-N 2 gas-CO gas. It is a figure showing a range as a Bosch gas
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the shape of coke particles obtained by FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of metallic iron dropped and the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the ventilation resistance index KS and the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material.
  • the operating method of the blast furnace according to this embodiment is to charge iron-based raw materials and coke into the blast furnace alternately and in layers from the top of the blast furnace, and to introduce gas into the blast furnace from the tuyere provided at the bottom of the blast furnace.
  • This is a blast furnace operating method in which highly concentrated reducing gas is generated in the blast furnace in front of the tuyere using gas blown in through the tuyere.
  • Iron-based raw materials include, for example, iron ore, sintered iron ore, iron ore pellets, reduced iron, and iron scrap.
  • the types of iron-based raw materials and coke to be used are not particularly limited, and any iron-based raw materials and coke used in conventional blast furnace operations can be suitably used in the present invention.
  • the gas for generating the high concentration reducing gas contains a reducing component that reduces iron-based raw materials in the blast furnace.
  • the reducing components that reduce iron-based raw materials in the blast furnace include not only CO gas, H2 gas, and hydrocarbon gas, which are components that can themselves reduce iron-based raw materials, but also components that can react with coke. Also included are CO 2 gas, H 2 O gas, and the like, which are components that generate reducing gas through decomposition reactions.
  • FIG. 1 shows the composition of the high-concentration reducing gas produced in the furnace before the tuyere in the blast furnace operating method according to the present embodiment in the gas component composition of a ternary diagram of H 2 gas-N 2 gas-CO gas. It is a figure showing a range.
  • the high-concentration reducing gas in this embodiment is a reducing gas whose average reduction rate is 80% or more when iron-based raw materials are reduced at 900° C. for 180 minutes using the high-concentration reducing gas.
  • Region A is the point O (H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas; 0 volume %, CO gas; 100 volume %), point P in the ternary system diagram of H 2 gas - N 2 gas - CO gas. ( H2 gas; 100 volume%, N2 gas; 0 volume%, CO gas; 0 volume%), point Q ( H2 gas; 29 volume%, N2 gas; 71 volume%, CO gas; 0 volume% ) and point R (H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas; 37 volume %, CO gas; 63 volume %). Further, FIG. 1 shows a comparison of gas compositions in conventional general blast furnace operating ranges.
  • point O' H2 gas; 0 vol.%, N2 gas; 0 vol.%, CO gas; 100 vol.%)
  • point P' H2 gas; 100 vol.%, N2 gas ; 0 volume %, CO gas; 0 volume %)
  • point Q' H 2 gas; 43 volume %, N 2 gas; 57 volume %, CO gas; 0 volume %)
  • point R' H 2 gas; 0 volume %).
  • the average reduction rate is 90% or more when iron-based raw materials are reduced at 900 ° C. for 180 minutes.
  • the amount of FeO in the slag components in the cohesive zone in the furnace is significantly reduced. Therefore, when producing high-concentration reducing gas within this composition range in a tuyere furnace, the boundary area between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit of iron-based raw material must be within a predetermined range, and the The effect of maintaining proper fluid permeability becomes even higher.
  • the present inventors conducted a test in which highly concentrated reducing gas was generated in the furnace in front of the tuyere using a small test furnace with a scale of 1/4 that simulated a blast furnace.
  • a test was conducted to investigate the relationship between the boundary area between iron-based raw materials and coke and the amount of metallic iron (metal produced by reduction) dropped.
  • the boundary area between the iron-based raw material and coke is the boundary area S between the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer, and the boundary area between the iron-based raw material and the coke particles mixed and charged in the iron-based raw material layer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the shapes of the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer in the furnace.
  • the boundaries between the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer are the boundary between the lower surface of the iron-based raw material layer and the upper surface of the coke layer (boundary 1 in Figure 2), and the boundary between the upper surface of the iron-based raw material layer and the lower surface of the coke layer ( The two locations are boundary 2) in Figure 2.
  • boundary 1 and boundary 2 have the same area
  • the boundary area S between the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer was calculated using the following equation (1).
  • D is the furnace diameter (m) of the test furnace
  • ⁇ is the inclination angle (°) of the contents in the furnace (ferrous raw material layer and coke layer) with respect to the horizontal line
  • ⁇ is the circumference rate.
  • D the furnace diameter obtained from the design drawing of the test furnace was used
  • ⁇ the value measured at the lumpy zone in the furnace was used. If the boundary between the iron-based raw material layer and the coke layer cannot be approximated by a straight line, for example, divide the boundary into multiple areas in the radial direction so that it can be approximated by a straight line, and use the average value of the inclination angle in each area. Calculate the inclination angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 3(A) is a diagram schematically showing a ferrous raw material layer and coke particles mixed and charged into the ferrous raw material layer
  • FIG. 3(B) is a diagram schematically showing the coke particles mixed and charged into the ferrous raw material layer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the shape of coke particles obtained by The boundary area S mix between the iron-based raw material and the coke particles mixed and charged into the iron-based raw material layer is defined as the boundary area S mix of the coke particles mixed and charged into the iron-based raw material layer, as shown in FIG. 3(B). It was calculated using the following equations (2) and (3).
  • a is the length of one side of the regular octahedron (m)
  • Wc is the mass (tons) of mixed coke mixed per layer of iron-based raw materials in the furnace.
  • /charge ⁇ c is the apparent density of coke (kg/m 3 )
  • d is the particle size (m) of the mixed coke.
  • the apparent density ⁇ c of the coke was measured by the immersion method based on the mass per unit volume including voids within the particles.
  • the particle size d of the mixed coke was the average particle size of coke collected from the mixed charging layer.
  • the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material is expressed by the following equation (4).
  • W Iron is the mass (ton/charge) of the iron-based raw material per layer of the iron-based raw material layer in the furnace.
  • the boundary area per unit iron-based raw material S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke is the boundary area between the lower surface of the iron-based raw material layer and the upper surface of the coke layer, and the boundary area between the upper surface of the iron-based raw material layer and the lower surface of the coke layer,
  • the coke particles are considered to be a regular octahedron, and the surface area of the regular octahedron corresponding to the number of coke particles is calculated as the boundary area between the iron-based raw material and the coke particles. , is the value obtained by dividing the boundary area S total , which is the sum of both, by W Iron .
  • the raw material charging conditions were the operating conditions of the conventional method, and the interface area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material was approximately 14 m 2 /ore-ton.
  • a test was conducted to generate highly concentrated reducing gas in the furnace in front of the plant. Under these raw material charging conditions, the amount of melt dripping in the cohesive zone was reduced to about one-tenth of that in conventional tests, and the air permeability deteriorated to a point outside the range where a stable test could be continued. This indicates that it is necessary to reset the raw material charging conditions suitable for blast furnace operation that generates highly concentrated reducing gas in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • the amount of metallic iron dropped was determined by collecting the molten material dropped during the test after the experiment, separating the metallic iron from the slag, and then measuring the weight of the metallic iron using a gravimeter.
  • the ventilation resistance index KS is the ventilation resistance K value (1/m) calculated based on the pressure loss measured in the area where the temperature inside the furnace is 1000°C or higher and the physical property values estimated from the operating conditions. Calculated as an integral value.
  • the ventilation resistance K value (1/m) is calculated using the following equation (5).
  • K ( ⁇ P/H)/( ⁇ gas 0.7 ⁇ gas 0.3 ⁇ v gas 1.7 )...(5)
  • ⁇ P is the pressure loss (Pa)
  • H is the thickness of the packed bed in the furnace (m)
  • ⁇ gas is the gas density (kg/m 3 )
  • ⁇ gas is the gas viscosity (Pa ⁇ s )
  • v gas is the gas flow velocity (m/s).
  • ⁇ P is obtained by installing pressure gauges on the tuyere and the furnace wall in the upper part of the test furnace (in the space above the packed bed) and calculating the difference in pressure.
  • H is measured by inserting a measuring jig into a hole drilled in the upper part of the test furnace to measure the position of the surface of the packed bed, and then calculating the distance in the height direction between the surface position of the packed bed and the position where the tuyeres are installed.
  • the position of the filled layer surface may be measured using a laser distance meter.
  • ⁇ gas can be calculated from the gas component introduced from the tuyere, the temperature inside the furnace, and the pressure inside the furnace.
  • ⁇ gas can be calculated from the gas components introduced from the tuyere and the temperature inside the furnace.
  • v gas can be calculated from the gas flow rate introduced from the tuyere, the temperature inside the furnace, and the pressure inside the furnace.
  • thermometers are installed on the furnace wall at positions corresponding to the packed bed, and the average value of the measured values of the thermometers is used.
  • pressure inside the furnace a plurality of thermometers are installed on the furnace wall at positions corresponding to the packed bed, and the average value of the measured values of the pressure gauges is used.
  • the average value of the pressure at the tuyere used to calculate ⁇ P and the pressure at the upper part of the packed bed may be used as the pressure in the furnace.
  • the ventilation resistance index KS is calculated using the following equation (6).
  • Tmax is the maximum temperature at which the pressure drop in the furnace was measured, and is approximately 1500 to 1650°C, although it varies depending on the measurement.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of metallic iron dropped and the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 is the boundary area (m 2 /ore-ton) between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material, and the vertical axis is the dimensionless metal dripping amount (-).
  • the dimensionless metal dripping amount is the dimensionless metal iron dripping amount, where the metal iron dripping amount when the boundary area S unit per unit iron-based raw material is 25 m 2 /ore-ton is 1.0.
  • Unit (-) means dimensionless.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the ventilation resistance index KS and the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 is the boundary area (m 2 /ore-ton) between the iron-based raw material and coke per unit iron-based raw material, and the vertical axis is the ventilation resistance index KS (10 5 °C/m).
  • the boundary area S unit between iron-based raw materials and coke per unit of iron-based raw materials exceeds 25 m 2 /ton of ore, the amount of droplets of metallic iron increases. It was confirmed that the ventilation resistance index KS decreased to the target value of 2000 or less.
  • the target value of 2000 for the ventilation resistance index KS is a threshold value at which stable testing can be continued.
  • a stable test means a test in which the surface height of the packed bed decreases uniformly over time and no problems such as blow-through occur.
  • the operating method of the blast furnace according to the present embodiment was developed based on the above test results, and the iron-based raw materials and coke are charged from the top of the blast furnace, and the blast furnace is blasted from the tuyeres of the blast furnace in front of the tuyeres.
  • This is a method of operating a blast furnace in which a gas that generates a concentrated reducing gas is blown into the blast furnace, and the boundary area S unit between an iron-based raw material and coke per unit of iron-based raw material is set within a predetermined range.
  • the boundary area S unit between the iron-based raw material and the coke per unit iron-based raw material is 25 m 2 /ton of ore or more.
  • a sufficient amount of metallic iron can be dripped, and stable operation of the blast furnace can be realized.
  • the boundary area S unit between iron-based raw materials and coke per unit of iron-based raw materials is less than 25 m 2 /ton of ore, a sufficient amount of metallic iron cannot be dripped, and the ventilation resistance index KS value becomes high. .
  • the boundary area S unit can be determined by increasing the mass Wc of mixed coke mixed per one layer of iron-based raw materials in the furnace, or by increasing the mass of iron-based raw materials per one layer of iron-based raw materials in the furnace. Increases by decreasing W Iron .
  • the mass W c of mixed coke mixed per layer of the ferrous raw material in the furnace increases, the coke is charged into the coke layer in order to keep the ratio of coke to the ferrous raw material constant. Since the amount of coke produced is reduced, the coke layer becomes thinner.
  • the mass W Iron of the iron-based raw material per layer of the iron-based raw material layer in the furnace is reduced, the iron-based raw material layer becomes thinner.
  • the layer structure of the coke layer or the iron-based raw material layer may collapse. Therefore, in order to charge the iron-based raw materials and coke into the blast furnace alternately and in layers, and to allow them to descend through the blast furnace while remaining in layers, it is preferable to set the boundary area S unit to 53.1 m 2 /ton of ore or less. .
  • the amount of H 2 gas (including hydrogen in hydrocarbons) in the high concentration reducing gas is within the range of 0 to 500 Nm 3 /ton of hot metal. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the temperature inside the furnace and a decrease in the reduction reaction rate. On the other hand, if the amount of H 2 gas in the high-concentration reducing gas exceeds 500 Nm 3 /ton of hot metal, the furnace temperature will drop and the reduction reaction rate will decrease, which is not preferable. Further, when blowing H 2 gas alone, it is preferable to heat the H 2 gas before blowing in order to maintain the temperature before the tuyere within the operating range.
  • the iron-based raw material and coke charged from the top of the furnace are The boundary area S unit per unit iron-based raw material is set within a predetermined range. This promotes carburization of the metal iron that is generated, lowers the melting point of the metal iron, maintains appropriate liquid permeability of the metal iron in the cohesive zone and drip zone in the blast furnace, and improves gas permeability in the blast furnace. can be maintained within the operational range, and stable operation of the blast furnace can be realized.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement de haut-fourneau qui, lors de l'exécution d'une opération de haut-fourneau dans laquelle un gaz réducteur hautement concentré doit être généré devant une tuyère à l'intérieur d'un fourneau, peut maintenir de manière appropriée la perméabilité aux liquides du fer métallique dans une zone cohésive et une zone d'égouttement à l'intérieur du haut-fourneau, et assurer également la perméabilité aux gaz à l'intérieur du haut-fourneau dans une plage utilisable.　Le procédé de fonctionnement de haut-fourneau selon la présente invention consiste à : charger une matière première à base de fer et du coke depuis le dessus du haut-fourneau ; et injecter un gaz à partir de la tuyère du haut-fourneau de façon à générer un gaz réducteur hautement concentré devant la tuyère à l'intérieur du fourneau. La zone limite entre la matière première à base de fer et le coke par unité de matière première à base de fer est fixée au sein d'une plage prescrite. De cette manière, la zone limite par unité de matière première à base de fer est de préférence fixée à 25 m2/tonne de minerai ou plus.
PCT/JP2022/046306 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 Procédé de fonctionnement de haut-fourneau WO2023199551A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60228610A (ja) * 1984-04-26 1985-11-13 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> 高炉操業法
JPS63161104A (ja) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp 竪型炉の原料装入方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60228610A (ja) * 1984-04-26 1985-11-13 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> 高炉操業法
JPS63161104A (ja) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp 竪型炉の原料装入方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
OHNO, YATARO, MATSUURA, MASAHIRO: "Heating-up and Reaction Characteristics of Burdens in Oxygen Blast Furnace Process", TETSU TO HAGANE: JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN, IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN. TOKYO., JP, vol. 76, no. 8, 1 August 1990 (1990-08-01), JP , pages 60 (1262) - 67 (1269), XP009550288, ISSN: 0021-1575, DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.8_1262 *

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