EP3028318A1 - Dispositif électro-optique et son utilisation - Google Patents

Dispositif électro-optique et son utilisation

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Publication number
EP3028318A1
EP3028318A1 EP14733092.2A EP14733092A EP3028318A1 EP 3028318 A1 EP3028318 A1 EP 3028318A1 EP 14733092 A EP14733092 A EP 14733092A EP 3028318 A1 EP3028318 A1 EP 3028318A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emitter
electro
group
optical device
emitter layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP14733092.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Susanne Heun
Aurélie LUDEMANN
Junyou Pan
Niels Schulte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Priority to EP14733092.2A priority Critical patent/EP3028318A1/fr
Publication of EP3028318A1 publication Critical patent/EP3028318A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
    • H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
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    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel design principle for organic, electro-optical devices, in particular for electroluminescent elements and their use in based on displays and lighting means.
  • light-sensitive organic materials e.g., phthalocyanines
  • organic charge transport materials e.g., triarylamine-based hole transport materials
  • OLED organic light-emitting diodes
  • multicolor display elements such as in pocket calculators,
  • PLED polymeric OLED
  • SMOLED vapor deposited small molecule devices
  • interlayer in a layer structure, such as in WO 04 / 084260 A, the lifetime and efficiency of PLED have been significantly increased, and these interlayers are deposited between the anode and the layer of light-emitting polymers, with the function of injecting and transporting holes, ie positively charged carriers, into the light-emitting To facilitate polymer or
  • intermediate layers consist of polymers with a high proportion of hole-transporting units linked by a conjugated backbone. These polymers also block the transport of electrons at the same time.
  • Interlayer is applied by ink jet printing or by spin coating. The thickness of this layer is adjusted so that the layer does not completely dissolve again in the subsequent step.
  • Carrying out a crosslinking step can be produced if emitters are used in addition to the emitter layer in the intermediate layer. This allows the simple generation of multicolor OLED in which at least two different emitter layers can be processed from solution.
  • the present invention has the object to provide an electro-optical device which can be produced with simple application methods from solution, which has a plurality of emitters and which has a longer service life compared to known devices.
  • the subject of the present invention is thus an electro-optical device containing
  • At least one first emitter layer which is arranged between the anode and the cathode, comprising at least one semiconductive, organic material
  • the emitters of the second emitter layer and the intermediate layer, respectively are selected to have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ("LUMO") higher than the LUMO of the semiconducting organic material of the first
  • the LUMO of the emitter of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.1 eV, and particularly preferably 0.2 eV, higher than the LUMO of the first emitter layer.
  • HOMO Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
  • LUMO Low Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
  • the energy levels of the molecular orbitals can also be determined by quantum chemical calculation methods, e.g. through the "Density Function
  • the emitter is integrated as a repeating unit in a polymer.
  • the emitter is mixed into a matrix material, which may be a small molecule, a polymer, an oligomer, a dendrimer or a mixture thereof.
  • emitter layer containing at least one emitter selected from fluorescent compounds, phosphorescent compounds and emitting organometallic complexes.
  • emitter unit or emitter in the present application refers to a unit or compound in which, upon receipt of an exciton or formation of an exciton, radiation decay occurs with light emission.
  • emitters There are two classes of emitters, fluorescent and phosphorescent
  • fluorescent emitter refers to materials or compounds that have a radiation transition from an excited one Experience singlet state to its ground state.
  • phosphorescent emitter as used in the present application refers to luminescent materials or compounds containing transition metals. These typically include materials in which the light emission is caused by spin-forbidden transitions, eg, transitions of excited triplet and / or transitions
  • the transition from excited states with high spin multiplicity e.g. of excited triplet states, forbidden to the ground state.
  • a heavy atom such as iridium, osmium, platinum and europium
  • the excited singlet and triplet are mixed so that the triplet acquires a certain singlet character, and if the singlet-triplet mixture results in a radiation decay rate faster than the non-radiative event, the luminance can be efficient.
  • This type of emission can be achieved with metal complexes, as Baldo et al. in Nature 395, 151-154 (1998).
  • an emitter selected from the group of fluorescent emitters.
  • fluorescent emitters e.g. Styrylamine derivatives in JP 2913116 B and WO 2001/021729 A1, as well as Indenofluorenderivate in WO 2008/006449 and the
  • the fluorescent emitters are preferably polyaromatic compounds, such as 9,10-di (2-naphthylanthracene) and other anthracene derivatives, derivatives of tetracene, xanthene, perylene, such as 2,5,8,11-tetracenes.
  • t-butylperylene phenylene, eg 4,4 '- (bis (9-ethyl-3-carbons) azovinylene) -1, r-biphenyl, fluorene, arylpyrene (US 2006/0222886), arylenevinylenes (US 5121029, US 5130603), derivatives of rubrene, coumarin, rhodamine, quinacridone, such as ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylquinacridone (DMQA), dicyano-methylene-pyran, such as, for example, 4- (dicyanoethylene) -6- (4-dimethylaminostyryl-2-methyl) -4H-pyran (DCM), thiopyrans, polymethine, pyrylium and thiopyrylium salts, periflanthene, indenoperylene, Bis (azinyl) imineboron compounds (US 2007/0092753 A1), bis (aziny
  • Suitable fluorescent emitters are selected from the class of monostyrylamines, distyrylamines, tristyrylamines, tetrastyrylamines, styrylphosphines, styryl ethers and arylamines.
  • a monostyrylamine is meant a compound containing a substituted or unsubstituted styryl group and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
  • a distyrylamine is meant a compound which is two substituted or unsubstituted
  • Styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine are to be understood as meaning a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
  • a tetrastyrylamine is meant a compound containing four substituted or unsubstituted styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
  • the styryl groups are particularly preferably stilbenes, which may also be further substituted.
  • the corresponding phosphines and ethers are defined analogously to the amines.
  • the present application is under an aryl amine or a
  • aromatic amine to understand a compound containing three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are directly bonded to the nitrogen. At least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is preferably a fused ring system, preferably having at least 14 aromatic ring atoms. Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracenediamines, aromatic pyrenamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic
  • aromatic anthracenamine is a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
  • aromatic anthracenediamine is meant a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10-position.
  • Aromatic pyrenamines, pyrenediamines, chrysenamines and chrysenediamines are defined analogously thereto, the diarylamino groups being attached to the pyrene preferably in the 1-position or in the 1, 6-position.
  • Other preferred fluorescent emitters are indenofluorenamines and indenofluorodiamines, e.g. according to WO 2006/122630, benzoin-indenofluoreneamines and benzoindenofluorodiamines, e.g. according to WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines and dibenzoindeno-fluoro-diamines, e.g. according to WO 2007/140847.
  • Examples of emitters from the class of styrylamines are substituted or unsubstituted tristilbenamines or the dopants described in WO 2006/000388, WO 2006/058737, WO 2006/000389, WO 2007/065549 and WO 2007/115610.
  • Distyrylbenzene and distyryl biphenyl derivatives are described in US 5121029.
  • Other styrylamines can be found in US 2007/0122656 A1.
  • Particularly preferred styrylamine emitters and triarylamine emitters are the compounds of the formulas (1) to (6) as described in US Pat. No. 7,250,532 B2, DE 102005058557 A1, CN 1583691 A, JP 08053397 A, US Pat
  • fluorescent emitters are selected from the group of tri-aryl amines, such as e.g. in EP 1957606 A1 and the
  • fluorescent emitters are from the derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, fluorene, periflanthene, indenoperylene, phenanthrene, perylene (US 2007/0252517 A1), pyrene, chrysene, decacycles, coronene, tetraphenylcyclopentadiene, pentaphenylcyclopentadiene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, Rubrene, coumarin (US 4769292, US 6020078, US 2007/0252517 A1), pyran, oxazone, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, pyrazine, cinnamic acid esters, diketopyrrolopyrrole, acridone and quinacridone (US 2007/0252517 A1).
  • anthracene compounds 9,10-substituted anthracenes such as 9,10-diphenylanthracene and 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene are particularly preferred. 1,4-bis (9'-ethynylanthracenyl) benzene is also a preferred dopant.
  • an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of blue-fluorescent emitters.
  • an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of green-fluorescing emitters.
  • an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of yellow-fluorescing emitters.
  • an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of red-fluorescent emitters.
  • a red-fluorescent emitter is preferably selected from the group of perylene derivatives, for example in the following structure of the formula (7), as disclosed, for example, in US 2007/0104977 A1.
  • Preferred emissive repeat units are those selected from the following formulas:
  • Ar 1 independently of one another is a mono- or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl group which, if appropriate, is monosubstituted or polysubstituted by radicals R 11 ,
  • Ar 12 is independently a mono- or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl group, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by radicals R 12 ,
  • Ar 13 is independently of one another a mono- or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl group which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by radicals R 13 ,
  • Ar 14 is independently of one another a mono- or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl group which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by radicals R 14 ,
  • R 11 , R 12 and R 13 may also mean a covalent bond in a polymer
  • X °, R ° and R 00 have one of the meanings defined in formula (I), i is independently 1, 2 or 3,
  • k is independently 1, 2 or 3,
  • o is independently 0 or 1.
  • R 1 and R 2 have the meaning defined for formula (I) and Ar has one of the meaning defined for Ar 11 in formula (I).
  • emitting repeat units are 1,4-bis (2-arylenevinyl) benzenes of the formula (III), as disclosed, for example, in WO 00/46321 A: wherein r and R are as defined above and u is 0 or 1.
  • X 21 is O, S, SO 2 C (R X ) 2 or NR x , in which R x is aryl or substituted aryl or aralkyl having 6 to 40 C atoms, or alkyl having 1 to 24 C atoms, preferably aryl 6 to 24 C atoms, particularly preferably alkylated aryl having 6 to 24 C atoms,
  • Ar 21 is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 24, particularly preferably 6 to 14 C atoms.
  • X 22 R 23 C CR 23 or S, in which each R 23 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, perfluoroalkyl, thioalkyl, cyano, alkoxy, heteroaryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl,
  • R 21 and R 22 are the same or different and each one
  • Ar 22 and Ar 23 independently represent a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 21 , and a1 and b1 are independently 0 or 1.
  • X 23 is NH, O or S.
  • Ph is phenyl
  • an emitter in the emitter layer which is selected from the group of phosphorescent emitters.
  • Examples of phosphorescent emitters are disclosed in WO 00/70655, WO 01/41512, WO 02/02714, WO 02/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614 and WO 2005/033244.
  • the phosphorescent emitter may be a metal complex, preferably of the formula M (L) Z in which M is a metal atom, L on each occurrence independently represents an organic ligand attached to M via one, two or more positions or is coordinated thereto, and z is an integer> 1, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and in which optionally these groups with a polymer over one or more, preferably one, two or three Positions, preferably via the ligands L, are linked.
  • M is a metal atom selected from transition metals, preferably from Group VIII transition metals, lanthanides or actinides, more preferably Rh, Os, Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb , Dy, Re, Cu, Zn, W, Mo, Pd, Ag or Ru, and in particular is selected from Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd or Pt.
  • M can also mean Zn.
  • Preferred ligands are 2-phenylpyridine derivatives, 7,8-benzoquinoline derivatives, 2- (2-thienyl) pyridine derivatives, 2- (1-naphthyl) pyridine derivatives or 2-phenylquinoline derivatives. These compounds may each be substituted, e.g. by fluorine or trifluoromethyl substituents for blue.
  • Secondary ligands are preferably acetylacetonate or picric acid.
  • complexes of trivalent lanthanides such as Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ (Kido, KJ et al., Appl., Phys., Lett., 65, 2124, Kido, et al., Chem., Lett., 657, 1990, US Pat 2007/0252517 A1) or phosphorescent complexes of Pt (II), Ir (I), Rh (I) with maleonitrile dithiolate (Johnson et al., JACS 105, 1983, 1795), Re (I) tricarbonyldiimine complexes (inter alia Wrighton , JACS 96, 1974, 998), Os (II) complexes with cyano ligands and bipyridyl or phenanthroline ligands (Ma et al., Synth. Metals 94, 1998, 245) or Alq 3 .
  • trivalent lanthanides such as Tb 3+ and Eu 3+
  • Particularly preferred phosphorescent emitters are compounds of the following formulas (9) and (10) as well as further compounds such as e.g. in US 2001/0053462 A1 and WO 2007/095118 A1.
  • an emitter in the emitter layer selected from the group of organometallic complexes.
  • a suitable metal complex according to the present invention are selected from transition metals, rare earth elements, lanthanides and actinides.
  • the metal is selected from Ir, Ru, Os, Eu, Au, Pt, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Rh, Pd and Ag.
  • the proportion of emitter structural units in the hole-conducting polymer used in the intermediate layer is generally between 0.01 and 20 mol%, preferably between 0.5 and 10 mol%, particularly preferably between 1 and 8 mol%, and in particular between 1 and 5 mol%.
  • copolymers containing the intermediate layer i. the second
  • Form emitter layer must have hole-conducting properties.
  • This property profile can be selected by selecting appropriate
  • repeating units having hole transport properties can be generated.
  • the polymer of the intermediate layer has further repeating units which form the polymer backbone.
  • HTM hole transport material
  • HTM hole transport material
  • Such HTM is preferably selected from amines, triarylamines, thiophenes, carbazoles, phthalocyanines, porphyrins and their isomers and
  • the HTM is more preferably selected from amines, triarylamines, thiophenes, carbazoles, phthalocyanines and porphyrins.
  • Suitable HTM units are phenylenediamine derivatives (US 3615404), arylamine derivatives (US 3567450), amino-substituted chalcone derivatives (US 3526501), styrylanthracene derivatives (JP A 56-46234), polycyclic aromatic compounds (EP 009041), polyarylalkane derivatives (US 3615402), fluorenone derivatives (JP A 54-110837), hydrazone derivatives (US 3717462), stilbene derivatives (JP A 61-2 0363), silazane derivatives (US 4950950), polysilanes (JP A 2-204996), aniline copolymers (JP A 2-282263), Thiophene oligomers, polythiophenes, PVK, polypyrroles, polyanilines and other copolymers, porphyrin compounds (JP A 63-2956965), aromatic dimethylidene-type compounds, carbazole compounds such as CDBP, CBP,
  • aromatic tertiary amines containing at least two tertiary amine units e.g. 4,4-bis- [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD) (US 5061569) or
  • triarylamine compounds of formulas (11) to (16) which may also be substituted, e.g. in EP 1162193 A1, EP 650955 A1, in Synth. Metals 1997, 91 (1-3), 209, in DE 19646119 A1, WO 2006/122630 A1, EP 1860097 A1, EP 1834945 A1, JP 08/053397 A, US 6251531 B1 and the
  • WO 2009/041635 discloses.
  • HTM units are, for example, triarylamine, benzidine, tetraaryl-para-phenylenediamine, carbazole, azulene, thiophene, pyrrole and furan derivatives, and also O, S or N-containing heterocycles.
  • HTM units are as follows
  • Ar 1 which may be the same or different, independently when in different repeating units, represents a single bond or an optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl group
  • Ar 2 which may be the same or different, independently, if in different repeating units, an optionally substituted one mononuclear or polynuclear aryl group
  • Ar 3 which may be the same or different, independently when in different repeating units, represents an optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl group
  • n 1, 2 or 3.
  • Particularly preferred units of the formula (17) are selected from the group of the following formulas (18) to (20).
  • R which may be the same or different at each occurrence, is selected from H, sub ⁇ stituted or unsubstituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, aralkyl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, alkoxycarbonyl group, silyl group, carboxyl group, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, or
  • r 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and
  • Another preferred interlayer polymer contains at least one repeating unit of the following formula (21)
  • T and T 2 are independently selected from thiophene, selenophene, thieno [2,3b] thiophene, thieno [3,2b] thiophene, dithienothiophene, pyrrole, aniline, all of which are optionally substituted with R 5 ,
  • R ° and R 00 are independently H or an optionally substi tuted ⁇ carbyl or hydrocarbyl, optionally containing one or more hetero atoms,
  • Ar 4 and Ar 5 independently of each other mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl which is optionally substituted and is optionally ⁇ Pol fused to the 2,3-positions of one or both of the adjacent thiophene or Selenophen phenomenon,
  • c and e independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein
  • d and f independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • the groups T 1 and T 2 are preferably selected from Thiophene-2,5-diyl,
  • R ° and R 5 can assume the same meanings as R ° and R 5 in formula (21).
  • Preferred units of formula (21) are selected from the group of the following formulas:
  • R ° can assume the same meanings as R 5 in formula (21).
  • the proportion of the HTM repeat units in the hole-conducting polymer used in the intermediate layer is preferably between 0 and 99 mol%, particularly preferably between 20 and 80 mol%, and in particular between 30 and 60 mol%.
  • the copolymers used in the intermediate layer preferably have further structural units, which form the backbone of the copolymer.
  • repeating units which form the polymer backbone are aromatic or heteroaromatic structures having 6 to 40 carbon atoms. These are, for example, 4,5-dihydropyrene derivatives, 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene derivatives, fluorine derivatives as disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No.
  • repeating units for the polymer backbone are repeating units of the following formula (22)
  • X means halogen
  • R ° and R 00 independently of one another denote H or an optionally substituted carbyl or hydrocarbyl group which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms
  • each g is independently 0 or 1 and the corresponding h in the same subunit is for the other of 0 or 1,
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently mono- or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted and optionally fused to the 7,8-positions or 8,9-positions of the indenofluorene group, and
  • a and b independently represent 0 or 1.
  • R 1 and R 2 form a spiro group with the fluorene group to which they are attached, these are preferably spirobifluorene.
  • the group of the formula (22) is preferably selected from the following formulas (23) to (27)
  • the group of formula (22) is more preferably selected from the following formulas (28) to (31)
  • L is H, halogen or optionally fluorinated, linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms and preferably H, F, methyl, i-propyl, t-butyl, n-pentoxy or trifluoromethyl and
  • L ' is optionally fluorinated, linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms and preferably n-octyl or n-octyloxy.
  • the polymer of the intermediate layer is a non-conjugated or partially conjugated polymer.
  • a particularly preferred nonconjugated or partially conjugated polymer of the intermediate layer contains a non-conjugated repeat unit for the polymer backbone.
  • the unconjugated repeating unit for the polymer backbone unit is preferably an indenofluorene unit represented by the following formulas (32) and (33), such as e.g. disclosed in WO 2010/136110.
  • X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, a a C 2- 4o-alkenyl group, a C2 -4 o- alkynyl group, an optionally substituted C 6- 4o-aryl group and an optionally substituted 5- to 25-membered consists heteroaryl group.
  • non-conjugated repeating units for the polymer backbone are selected from fluorene, phenanthrene,
  • R1-R4 may take the same meanings as X and Y in the formulas (32) and (33).
  • the proportion of repeat units in the hole-conducting polymer used in the intermediate layer, the polymer backbone is preferably between 10 and 99 mol%, particularly preferably between 20 and 80 mol%, and in particular between 30 and 60 mol%.
  • the semiconducting organic material for the first emitter layer may be a polymeric matrix material incorporating one or more different emitters incorporated in the polymer, which may be a polymeric and non-emissive matrix material into which one or more low molecular weight emitters are intermixed may be mixtures of different polymers with im
  • the emitter layer contains a conjugated polymer containing at least one repeating unit containing an emitter group as described above.
  • metal complex-containing conjugated polymers and their synthesis are described in e.g. in EP 1138746 B1 and DE 102004032527 A1.
  • singlet emitter-containing conjugated polymers and their synthesis are described e.g. in DE 102005060473 A1 and WO 2010/022847. ⁇
  • the emitter layer contains a non-conjugated polymer containing at least one emitter group as described above and at least one pendant charge transport group.
  • non-conjugated polymers containing a pendent metal complex and their synthesis are disclosed, for example, in US7250226 B2, JP 2007/21 1243 A2, JP 2007/197574 A2, US 7250226 B2 and JP 2007/059939 A.
  • not Conjugated polymers containing a pendant singlet emitter and their synthesis are disclosed, for example, in JP 2005/108556, JP 2005/285661 and JP 2003/338375.
  • the emitter layer contains a non-conjugated polymer which has at least one emitter group as described above as a repeating unit and at least one
  • Repeating unit forming the polymer backbone in the main chain, wherein the repeating units constituting the polymer backbone may be preferably selected from the non-conjugated polymer backbone repeat units described above for the interlayer polymer.
  • Examples of non-conjugated polymers containing a metal complex in the main chain and their synthesis are described e.g. in WO 2010/149261 and WO 2010/136110.
  • a material used for the emitter layer contains, in addition to the emitter (s), a charge-transporting polymer matrix.
  • this polymer matrix may be selected from a conjugated polymer which preferably contains a non-conjugated polymer backbone as described above for the interlayer polymer, and most preferably a conjugated polymer backbone as described above for the interlayer polymer.
  • this polymer matrix is preferably selected from non-conjugated polymers which are a non-conjugated side-chain polymer or non-conjugated backbone polymer, eg, polyvinylcarbazole ("PVK”), polysilane, copolymers containing phosphine oxide units, or the like Matrix polymers as described, for example, in WO 2010/149261 and WO 2010/1361 0.
  • the emitter layer contains at least one low molecular weight emitter having a
  • Suitable low molecular weight matrix materials are materials from various classes.
  • Preferred matrix materials for fluorescent or singlet emitters are selected from the classes of the oligoarylenes (for example 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetraphenyl-spirobifluorene according to EP 676461 or dinaphthylanthracene),
  • Oligoarylenes e.g. Phenanthrene, tetracene, coronene, chrysene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, perylene, phthaloperylene, naphthaloperylene, decacyclene, rubrene, the oligoarylenevinylenes (eg 4,4'-bis (2,2-diphenylethenyl) -1, 1'-biphenyl (DPVBi) or 4,4-bis-2,2-diphenylvinyl-1, 1-spirobiphenyl (spiro-DPVBi) according to EP 676461), the polypodal metal complexes (eg.
  • metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline for example aluminum (III) tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) (aluminum quinolate, Alq 3 ) or bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4- ( phenylphenol-linolato) aluminum, also with imidazole chelate (US 2007/0092753 A1) and quinoline metal complexes, aminoquinoline metal complexes, benzoquinoline-metal complexes, the hole-conducting compounds (eg according to the
  • WO 04/058911 the electron-conducting compounds, in particular ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, etc. (for example according to WO 05/084081 and WO 05/084082), the atropisomers (for example according to the
  • Particularly preferred host materials are from the classes of
  • Very particularly preferred host materials are from the classes of oligoarylenes containing anthracene, Benzanthracene and / or pyrene, or atropisomers of these compounds selected.
  • an oligoarylene is to be understood as meaning a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are bonded to one another.
  • Particularly preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for singlet emitters are selected from benzanthracene, anthracene, triarylamine, indenofluorene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene and their isomers and derivatives.
  • Preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for phosphorescent or triplet emitters are ⁇ , ⁇ -biscarbazolylbiphenyl (CBP),
  • Carbazole derivatives for example according to WO 05/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381, EP 1205527 and DE 102007002714),
  • Azacarbazoles for example according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, the
  • ketones e.g.
  • WO 04/093207 phosphine oxides, sulfoxides and sulfones (e.g., according to WO 05/003253), oligophenylenes, aromatic amines (e.g., according to US 2005/0069729), bipolar matrix materials (e.g.
  • WO 07/137725 1,3,5-triazine derivatives (for example according to US Pat. No. 6,229,012 B1, US Pat. No. 6,225,467 B1, DE 10312675 A1, WO 9804007 A1 and US Pat. No. 6352791 B1), silanes (for example according to WO 05 / 111172), 9,9-diaryl fluorene derivatives (eg according to DE 102008017591), azaboroles or
  • Boronic acid esters for example according to WO 06/117052
  • triazole derivatives for example according to WO 06/117052
  • oxazoles and oxazole derivatives for example, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives,
  • Particularly preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for triplet emitters are selected from carbazole, ketone, triazine, imidazole, fluorene, spirobifluorene, phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene and their isomers and derivatives.
  • Another preferred material used for the first emitter layer includes, in addition to the emitter (s), a neutral polymer matrix, e.g. Polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polycarbonate (PC).
  • a neutral polymer matrix e.g. Polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polycarbonate (PC).
  • a preferred material used for the construction of the first emitter layer contains, in addition to the emitter or emitters, a material with electron-transporting properties (ETM).
  • ETM can be contained either as a repeating unit in the polymer or as a separate compound in the first emitter layer.
  • ETM electron transport material
  • Triarylboranen and their isomers and derivatives are Suitable ETM materials are metal chelates of 8-hydroxyquinoline (for example, Liq, Alq 3, Gaq 3, MgQ 2, ZnQ 2, lnq 3, Zrq), Balq, 4-Azaphenanthren-5-ol / loading complexes (US 5,529,853 A; eg formula 7), butadiene derivatives (US 4356429), heterocyclic optical brighteners (US 4539507), benzazoles, such as
  • phenanthrolines e.g. BCP and Bphen
  • phenanthrolines bonded via biphenyl or other aromatic groups e.g. BCP and Bphen
  • phenanthrolines bonded to anthracene e.g. BCP and Bphen
  • 1, 3,4-oxadiazoles eg.
  • Formula 11 triazoles, e.g. Formula 12, triarylboranes, benzimidazole derivatives and other N-heterocyclic compounds (US 2007/0273272 A1), silacyclopentadiene derivatives, borane derivatives, Ga-oxinoid complexes.
  • a preferred ETM unit is selected from units having a
  • the ETM unit has the structure of the following formula (34):
  • ETM units fluorene, spirobifluorene or indenofluoro ketones which are selected from the following formulas (35) to (37):
  • R and R 1 "8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted one Alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsub
  • ETM repeating units are selected from the group consisting of imidazole derivatives or benzoimidazole derivatives, e.g. in US 2007 / 0104977A1.
  • R is a hydrogen atom, a C 6-60 aryl group which may have a substituent, a pyridyl group which may have a substituent, a quinolyl group which may have a substituent, a C 1-20 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent C1-20 alkoxy group which may have a substituent;
  • m is an integer from 0 to 4;
  • R 1 is a C 6-60 aryl group which may have a substituent, a pyridyl group which may have a substituent, a quinolyl group which may have a substituent, a C 1-20 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent C1-20 aikoxy group which may have a substituent;
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a C 6-60 aryl group which may have a substituent, a pyridyl group which may have a substituent, a quinolyl group which may have a substituent, a C 1-20 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C 1-20 alkoxy group which may have a substituent;
  • l is a C 6-60 arylene group which may have a substituent, a pyridinylene group which may have a substituent, a quinoline group which may have a substituent, or a fluorenylene group which may have a substituent, and
  • Ar 1 represents a C 6-60 aryl group which may have a substituent, a pyridinyl group which may have a substituent, or a quinolinyl group which may have a substituent. Further preferred are 2,9,10-substituted anthracenes (with 1- or 2-naphthyl and 4- or 3-biphenyl) or molecules containing two anthracene units, as disclosed, for example, in US 2008/0193796 A1.
  • N-heteroaromatic ring systems of the following formulas (39) to (44).
  • anthracene benzimidazole derivatives of the following formulas (45) to (47), as described e.g. in US 6878469 B2, the
  • polymers containing an ETM repeating unit and their synthesis are disclosed, for example, in US 2003/0170490 A1 for triazine as ETM repeating unit.
  • Preferred as structural units with electron-transporting properties for the first emission layer are units which differ from
  • benzophenone triazine, imidazole, benzoimidazole and perylene units, which may be optionally substituted. Particular preference is given to benzophenone, aryltriazine, benzoimidazole and diarylperylene units.
  • ETM repeat units or ETM compounds which comprise structural units having electron-conducting properties which are selected from the structural units of the following formulas (48) to (51),
  • R 1 to R 4 can assume the same meaning as R in formula (36).
  • the proportion of structural units having electron-conducting properties in the polymer which is used in the first emitter layer is preferably between 0.01 and 30 mol%, particularly preferably between 1 and 20 mol%, and in particular between 10 and 20 mol%.
  • the first emitter layer is a polymeric matrix material that incorporates one or more different emitters incorporated in the polymer backbone, or mixtures of polymers
  • Matrix materials wherein the polymers incorporated in the polymer backbone contain one or more different emitters.
  • the emitters in the emitter layers are preferably selected so that the widest possible emission results.
  • triplet emitters are combined with the following emissions: green and red; blue and green; light blue and light red; blue, green and red.
  • triplet emitters with deep green and deep red emission are particularly preferably used. This can be adjusted especially yellow tones well. By varying the concentrations of the individual emitters, the hues can be generated and adjusted in the desired manner.
  • the term "visible spectrum” is understood to mean the wavelength range from 380 nm to 750 nm.
  • electroluminescent devices in which a first emitter has an emission maximum in the green spectral range and a second emitter has an emission maximum in the red spectral range.
  • emitters are those which have their emission maximum in the blue and green spectral range, in the light blue and bright red spectral range or in blue, green and red
  • electro-optical devices in which at least two triplet emitters are present, each one
  • the first triplet emitter is in the first emission layer and the second one
  • Triplet emitter arranged in the intermediate layer.
  • electro-optical devices in which the first triplet emitter has an emission maximum in the light blue spectral range and the second triplet emitter has an emission maximum in the yellow spectral range.
  • electro-optical devices in which at least one singlet emitter is present, which has an emission maximum in the green, red or blue spectral range.
  • the emitters are present in the emitter layers in a dopant-matrix system.
  • the concentration of the emitter (s) is preferably in the range from 0.01% to 30 mol%, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 25 mol%, and in particular in the range from 2 to 20 mol%.
  • the first emitter layer contains electron-transporting substances.
  • the electro-optical device according to the invention in the first emitter layer and / or in the second emitter layer contains substances which promote the transfer of excitation energy into the triplet state. These are, for example, carbazoles, ketones, phosphine oxides, silanes, sulfoxides,
  • the organic semiconductor in the first emitter layer is a semiconducting polymer, preferably a semiconductive copolymer.
  • the organic semiconducting polymer preferably has
  • Copolymers have further repeating units derived from triarylamines, preferably those having repeating units of the following formulas (52) to (54).
  • R which may be the same or different at each occurrence, from H, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, aralkyl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, alkoxycarbonyl group, silyl group, carboxy group, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group or
  • r 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and
  • s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • the eiektrooptica devices according to the invention particularly preferably have the simplest possible structure.
  • this may be a device which, in addition to a cathode and anode layer, has only two or more interposed therebetween
  • ektroktroptica device comprises at least one additional
  • Electron injection layer which is disposed directly between the first emission layer and the cathode.
  • the electro-optical device according to the invention is preferably applied to a substrate, preferably to a transparent substrate,
  • an electrode of transparent or semi-transparent material is preferably applied.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the electro-optical device according to the invention has a third emission layer.
  • This third emission layer preferably contains at least one
  • low molecular weight emitter which can be selected from the groups of emitters described above, and at least one
  • the first and second emission layers are processed from solution, and the third emission layer is evaporated in vacuo.
  • the first, second and third emission layers emit red, green and blue light, the light intensity of the individual layers being adjusted such that a total of white emission results.
  • the electro-optical device according to the invention consists only of anode, buffer layer, e.g. containing PANI or PEDOT, hole injection layer, two emitter layers, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer and cathode, optionally built on a transparent substrate.
  • the electro-optic device further comprises a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and intermediate layer of hole-conducting polymer, preferably a layer of poly (ethylenedioxothiophene) (PEDOT).
  • PEDOT poly (ethylenedioxothiophene)
  • the electro-optical devices according to the invention have
  • thicknesses of the separated individual layers in the range from 1 to 150 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 3 to 100 nm, and in particular in the range from 5 to 80 nm.
  • Preferred electro-optical devices according to the invention contain polymeric materials having glass transition temperatures T g greater than 90 ° C, more preferably greater than 100 ° C, and most preferably greater than 120 ° C.
  • cathode materials materials known per se can be used in the electro-optical devices according to the invention. Especially for OLEDs, materials with a low work function are used. Examples are metals, metal combinations or
  • Low work function metal alloys such as e.g. Ca, Sr, Ba, Cs, Mg, Al, In and Mg / Ag.
  • the structure of the devices according to the invention can be with
  • Printing processes within the meaning of the present application also include those which emanate from the solid, such as thermal transfer or LITI.
  • solvents which dissolve the substances used.
  • the nature of the substance is not relevant to the present invention.
  • the preparation of the electro-optical device according to the invention can thus be carried out according to known methods, wherein at least the two emitter layers are applied from solution, preferably by printing method, particularly preferably by ink jet printing.
  • the electro-optical device is an organic light-emitting device (OLED).
  • OLED organic light-emitting device
  • the OLEC has two electrodes, at least one emission layer and an intermediate layer between the emission layer and an electrode as described above, wherein the emission layer has at least one ionic compound.
  • the principle of OLEC is described in Qibing Pei et al., Science, 1995, 269, 1086-1088.
  • the inventive electro-optical device can be in
  • electro-optical devices according to the invention are particularly preferred in displays, as
  • Another preferred field of application of the electro-optical devices according to the invention relates to use in the cosmetic and therapeutic field, as disclosed, for example, in EP 1444008 and GB 2408092. These uses are also the subject of the present application.
  • the following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
  • interlayers As interlayers according to the invention, it is possible to use all hole-dominated polymers which additionally contain an emitter whose LUMO lies below the lowest LUMO of the other interlayer building blocks and of the preceding layer.
  • the use of interlayers in organic light emitting diodes is described e.g. disclosed in WO 2004/084260.
  • Typical interlayer polymers are disclosed in WO 2004/041901, but virtually all used in PLEDs,
  • conjugated or partially conjugated polymers by the incorporation of large amounts of hole-conducting units (typically triarylamines) in
  • Interlayer polymers are transferred.
  • Each of these interlayers can be converted into an interlayer according to the invention by the incorporation of emitters which can be polymerized or doped.
  • PLED polymeric organic light-emitting diodes
  • ITO structure indium-tin-oxide, a transparent, conductive anode
  • Sodalimeglas that result in the vapor-deposited at the end of the manufacturing process cathode 4 pixels x 2 x 2 mm.
  • PEDOT is a polythiophene derivative (C! Evios P 4083 AI) of HC Starck, Goslar, which is supplied as an aqueous dispersion) applied by spin coating.
  • the required spin rate depends on
  • the substrates are baked for 10 minutes at 180 ° C on a hot plate. Thereafter, under an inert gas atmosphere (nitrogen or argon), 20 nm of an interlayer are spun first.
  • these are the polymers P1 to P 0, which are processed at a concentration of 5 g / l of toluene. All interlayers of these device examples are baked under inert gas for 1 hour at 180 ° C. Subsequently, 65 nm of the polymer layers are applied from toluene solutions (typical concentrations 8 to 12 g / l). Similarly, soluble small molecules can be used, but then because of the low viscosity of the solutions in higher
  • Concentration must be set. Typical are 20 to 28 mg / ml. It has also proven advantageous to use a layer thickness of 80 nm here.
  • this second solubilized layer the main emission layer (“EML”), is also spin-coated and then baked under inert gas for 10 minutes at 180 ° C. Thereafter, the Ba / Al cathode is deposited in the
  • vapor-deposited by means of a vapor deposition mask high-purity metals from Aldrich, especially barium 99.99% (Order No. 474711);
  • Vaporiser systems from Lesker oa, typical vacuum level 5 x 10 ⁇ 6 mbar).
  • the device is finally encapsulated.
  • the encapsulation of the device takes place by gluing a commercially available coverslip over the pixelized surface. Subsequently, the device is characterized. For this, the devices are made specifically for the substrate size
  • a photodiode with eyelet filter can be placed directly on the measuring holder to exclude the influence of extraneous light.
  • the voltages are from 0 to max. 20 V in 0.2 V increments and lowered again. For each measurement point, the current through the device and the photocurrent obtained by the photodiode is measured. In this way you get the IVL data of the
  • Test Devices Important parameters are the measured maximum efficiency ("Max. Eff.” In cd / A) and the voltage required for 100 cd / m 2 .
  • the voltage required for 100 cd / m 2 is again applied after the first measurement and the photodiode is replaced by a spectrum measuring head. This is connected by an optical fiber with a spectrometer (Ocean Optics).
  • the color coordinates from the measured spectrum (CIE: Commission International de l'eclairage, standard observer from 1931) can be derived.
  • the life of the devices is measured in one of the initial evaluation very similar measurement setup so that an initial luminance is set (for example, 1000 cd / m 2).
  • the current required for this luminance is kept constant, while typically the voltage increases and the luminance decreases.
  • the lifetime is reached when the initial luminance has dropped to 50% of the initial value, which is why this value is also called LT 50 (from English "lifetime")
  • Example 11 If one has determined an extrapolation factor, the lifetimes can also be measured accelerated by setting a higher initial luminance. In this case, the measuring apparatus keeps the current constant so that it shows the electrical degradation of the components in a voltage increase.
  • Example 11 If one has determined an extrapolation factor, the lifetimes can also be measured accelerated by setting a higher initial luminance. In this case, the measuring apparatus keeps the current constant so that it shows the electrical degradation of the components in a voltage increase.
  • a first, unoptimized two-color white with cool white color coordinates is created by combining the interlayer P2 with the blue one
  • FIG. 3 shows the spectrum of the pure triplet green on HIL-012 and the
  • White components for lighting applications can also be improved with the help of the self-luminous interlayer.
  • a color tuning towards increasingly red white light is possible, for example, cultural
  • Examples 15 to 18 show the results for solubilized OLEDs in the structure of Figure 1, using as EML a white polymer which is synthesized without a red emitter (SPW-110 from Merck;
  • FIG. 4 again shows the EL spectrum of the device with HIL-012 from Merck and the spectra with the interlayer polymers P1 to P4 according to the invention.
  • OLEDs according to the invention are produced here,
  • the green interlayer has the additional advantage of also strengthening the red component in the spectrum, because without built - in green
  • Examples 24 to 26 therefore show the results of OLEDs with the white Merck polymer SPW-106, which is processed for comparison on the colorless interlayer HIL-012, as well as on the interlayers P9 and P10.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show the EL spectra. It is good to see, especially in the magnification, that the light blue emitter of the interlayer is responsible for the blue emission. Thus blue emission can also be obtained from the interlayer.
  • luminescent interlayer polymers in devices intended to emit white light.
  • the interlayer P2 is coated as usual, above that a blue EML polymer (SPB-036 as in Example 11) is processed and a green triplet EML is evaporated (TEG-001 in TMM-038).
  • SPB-036 blue EML polymer
  • TMG-001 in TMM-0308 green triplet EML is evaporated
  • the device structure is shown in FIG.
  • the white EL spectrum containing all the color components is shown in FIG.
  • the quantum efficiency of the device is 10% EQE, though largely

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif électro-optique comprenant : a) une anode, b) une cathode, et c) au moins une première couche émettrice disposée entre l'anode et la cathode et contenant au moins un matériau organique semi-conducteur. L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'entre la première couche émettrice et l'anode est disposée une seconde couche émettrice qui comporte au moins un polymère ayant des propriétés de conduction de trous et au moins un émetteur. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif électro-optique. L'utilisation de deux couches émettrices permet une fabrication simple à partir d'une solution et la fabrication de dispositifs électroluminescents à large bande.
EP14733092.2A 2013-07-29 2014-06-26 Dispositif électro-optique et son utilisation Ceased EP3028318A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2014/001738 WO2015014427A1 (fr) 2013-07-29 2014-06-26 Dispositif électro-optique et son utilisation
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US11005044B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2021-05-11 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Light emitting device
WO2017195559A1 (fr) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 日立化成株式会社 Matière de transport de charge, élément électronique organique et élément électroluminescent organique
CN112740432B (zh) * 2018-09-24 2024-09-20 默克专利有限公司 用于生产粒状材料的方法

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US20160163987A1 (en) 2016-06-09
KR20160040243A (ko) 2016-04-12
JP2016525781A (ja) 2016-08-25
CN105409022A (zh) 2016-03-16
JP2020053395A (ja) 2020-04-02
CN105409022B (zh) 2018-06-19
KR102238849B1 (ko) 2021-04-09
WO2015014427A1 (fr) 2015-02-05

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