EP2976172A1 - Inoculant a particules de surface - Google Patents
Inoculant a particules de surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- EP2976172A1 EP2976172A1 EP14716891.8A EP14716891A EP2976172A1 EP 2976172 A1 EP2976172 A1 EP 2976172A1 EP 14716891 A EP14716891 A EP 14716891A EP 2976172 A1 EP2976172 A1 EP 2976172A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- inoculant
- cast iron
- iron
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 11
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910004709 CaSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910005329 FeSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
- C21D5/02—Heat treatments of cast-iron improving the malleability of grey cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/006—Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inoculant product for the treatment of cast iron, as well as to a method of manufacturing said inoculant.
- Cast iron is a well-known iron-carbon alloy and widely used for the manufacture of mechanical parts.
- the melt is obtained by mixing the constituents of the alloy in the liquid state at a temperature of between 1150 ° C. and 1350 ° C. before pouring into a mold and cooling the alloy obtained.
- the carbon can adopt different physico-chemical structures depending on several parameters.
- White cast iron has the characteristic of being hard and brittle, which is undesirable for some applications.
- Gray cast iron is softer and can be worked.
- the liquid iron undergoes an inoculation treatment to introduce graphitizing components into the cast iron which will favor the appearance of graphite rather than iron carbide when cooling the cast iron in the mold.
- the formed graphite may be spheroidal, vermicular or lamellar.
- One or the other graphitic form can be obtained preferentially by a particular treatment of the cast iron using specific components.
- the formation of spheroidal graphite can be promoted by a so-called nodulising treatment aimed primarily at providing the magnesium melt in sufficient quantity so that the graphite can grow so as to form round particles (spheroids).
- nodulising components may be included in the inoculant alloy, for example.
- Mention may also be made of the addition of desulphurizing products, or of products making it possible to specifically treat certain defects of the cast iron as a function of the initial composition of the molten bath, such as micro-shrinkage, which may appear during cooling. It may include lanthanum and rare earths.
- These treatments can be performed in one or more times and at different times during the manufacture of the cast iron.
- additions of inoculants are known in the bag, before casting of the cast iron in the mold (inoculation in the bag), during casting, or in the casting stream (late inoculation).
- inoculants are conventionally made from a ferro-silicon type alloy FeSi6 5 or FeSi 75 with adjustment of chemistry according to target composition of the inoculant.
- the adjustment is possible in oven or in pocket, with often poor yields depending on the elements to be added. It can also be mixtures of several alloys.
- the inoculation efficiency of the cast iron part also depends on its thickness.
- the inoculant is also desirable for the inoculant to be insensitive to the basic composition of the cast iron, which can vary from one batch to another (carbon content, silicon, initial sulfur, in particular, etc.) .
- the present invention aims to provide a new product inoculant for the treatment of melting in the liquid phase, responding to all or part of these constraints.
- a particulate inoculant in powder form, comprising, on the one hand, support particles made of a fusible material in liquid iron, and on the other hand, surface particles made of a material that promotes germination and growth of graphite, arranged and distributed discontinuously on the surface of the support particles, the surface particles having a particle size such that their d50 is less than or equal to one tenth of the d50 of the support particles.
- the surface particles form a discontinuous coating, the support particle always having areas of contact with the cast iron.
- the surface particles may be placed on the surface of the support particles by any appropriate technique, for example by grafting, gluing or coating, provided that the support particle is protected from access to the liquid iron when the inoculant is incorporated therein.
- the surface particles have a particle size smaller than that of the support particles. It has been surprisingly found that such a configuration, namely a set of support particles partially coated with support particles, of a different nature, such as a different particle size, had a profile of dissolution and inoculation responding to the problems mentioned.
- the difference in kind between the support particles and the support particles can further be expressed in the constituent materials of the particles, respectively.
- the inoculant effect is provided by the support particle / particle array disposed at the surface and not by adjusting the chemical composition of an alloy, the The incorporation efficiencies of the added elements are greatly improved.
- the support particles have low inoculating properties.
- low or medium inoculants that can be dope by this means.
- the carrier particles have inoculant properties for compositions or conditions different from those for which the whole carrier particles and surface particles act.
- the support particles are made from silicon, whose proportion is variable, up to 100% by weight relative to the mass of the support particles.
- the support particles may be made from carbon, whose proportion is variable, up to 100% by weight relative to the mass of the support particles. If necessary, it is in the form of graphite. Associated with silicon, it can be in the form of silicon carbide, for example.
- the carrier particles contain at least 40% by weight of silicon relative to the mass of the support particles.
- the support particles are made from an alloy, more particularly ferrous.
- the support particles comprise, especially in allied form, at least one addition element, such as aluminum or calcium, especially between 0.2 and 5% by weight for each element of addition, relative to the mass of the support particles.
- the carrier particles comprise, especially in allied form, at least one treatment element with an anti-shrinkage effect, in particular in an amount of between 0.5 and 6% by weight, relative to the weight of the carrier particles.
- the proportion of surface particles is 1 to 8% by weight, preferably 1 to 5%, relative to the mass of the inoculant.
- the surface particles are distributed substantially homogeneously on the surface of the support particles, in particular within a batch of particles.
- the surface particles, until the introduction into the cast iron occupy between 80 and 90% of the surface of the support particles.
- the surface particles are chosen, individually or as a mixture, from metal elements, such as aluminum, bismuth and manganese, silicides, especially iron, rare earths and calcium, oxides, such as aluminum oxides. , calcium, silicon or barium, metal sulphides, especially iron, calcium and rare earths, sulphates, in particular barium, and carbon black.
- metal elements such as aluminum, bismuth and manganese, silicides, especially iron, rare earths and calcium, oxides, such as aluminum oxides.
- oxides such as aluminum oxides.
- calcium, silicon or barium metal sulphides, especially iron, calcium and rare earths, sulphates, in particular barium, and carbon black.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an inoculant of the invention.
- a first step of the process there are support particles in a meltable material in liquid iron, having a particle size ranging from 0.2 to 7 mm, on the one hand, and surface particles having a particle size such that their d50 is less than or equal to one-tenth of the d50 of the support particles, on the other hand, then in a second step, the surface particles are deposited on the support particles.
- This step can be implemented by any technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- particle size ranging from 0.2 to 7 mm By particle size ranging from 0.2 to 7 mm, the conventional particle sizes in the range of inoculants of cast iron, namely the particle sizes 0.2-0.5 mm, 0.4-2 mm and 2-7 mm, are included.
- the deposition of the surface particles is carried out mechanically, by incrustation.
- the support particles and the surface particles are mixed, dry, at high speed, by example of 1000 to 1500 revolutions / min, to obtain an encrustation deposition of the surface particles on the surface of the support particles, in a discontinuous distribution.
- a binder in the first step, is also available in a solvent, then in the second step, the carrier particles, the surface particles and the binder are mixed, and the solvent of the binder, for example by evaporation.
- the carrier particles, the surface particles and the binder can be added at the same time or successively, in any order. For example, premixing of the surface particles in the binder solution can be performed, to which the carrier particles are then added.
- a suitable binder is advantageously chosen from organic and polymeric binders, and in particular from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cement.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- CMC cellulose
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a preferred method of the invention consists in using support particles made of an FeSi material containing aluminum and calcium, and / or surface particles made of a material chosen from aluminum, bismuth and silicides, especially from iron, rare earths and calcium, oxides, such as oxides of aluminum, calcium, silicon or barium, metal sulphides, especially iron, calcium and rare earths, sulphates, in particular barium, and black of carbon.
- FIG. 1 is an overall scanning electron microscope view of a batch of particulate inoculant according to the invention comprising support particles (black) on the surface of which are fixed surface particles (white) conferring on the together a strong inoculating power.
- FIG. 2 is a zoom of FIG. 1 on an inoculant particle according to the invention.
- An inoculant according to the invention may be manufactured in the following manner.
- a FeSi alloy containing 1% by weight of aluminum and 1.5% by weight of calcium and having a particle size between 0.4 and 2 mm are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor, the FeSi alloy being fluidized by air injection.
- the minimum fluidization speed is determined conventionally, then the air flow rate is kept substantially constant and higher than this minimum speed.
- the temperature inside the reactor is raised to about 100 ° C. This temperature will allow the water injected later to be eliminated.
- the particles of this alloy will form the support particles on whose surface the inoculant particles will be fixed.
- the surface particles will be particles of calcium silicide CaSi and metallic aluminum, both having particle sizes less than 400 micrometers.
- the surface particles to be fixed are premixed with a binder in aqueous solution, and then injected into the reactor in about 30 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C.
- the whole surface particles, carrier particles and binder are fluidized and heated until the introduced water has been completely evaporated. It will be possible to control the evaporation of water by any usual method, in particular by measuring the humidity of the air leaving the reactor.
- the inoculant according to the invention is then recovered and characterized to evaluate the effectiveness of the coating. This characterization can be made in particular by scanning electron microscope control.
- the binder used may be of organic or polymeric binder type, such as, for example, binders of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) type.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- CMC cellulose
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- the amount of water used for the dilution of the binder obviously depends on the solubility of the latter in the water and should be adapted accordingly.
- inorganic binders in particular of sodium silicate type, as well as hydraulic binders of the cement or lime type.
- the nature of the binder used may depend on the inoculant materials and supports used.
- the amount of binder used will be calculated so as to best allow the almost total fixing of the surface particles without manifest excess which could then degrade the final performance of the inoculant according to the invention.
- the amount of binder used will obviously depend on its stickiness and will also have to be adapted accordingly. In particular, it will be possible to carry out tests and visual verification using a scanning electron microscope in particular.
- the amount of binder used may be between 0.001 and 1% by weight of binder relative to the total mass of the particles (carrier particles and surface particles).
- approximately 500 kg of FeSi 7 o containing 1% by mass of AI and 1, 5% by weight of Ca, of particle size 0.2-0.5 mm are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor.
- the FeSi alloy is fluidized by air injection.
- the temperature inside the reactor is raised to 100 ° C.
- These particles are the support particles.
- a suspension is carried out with PVP and water. 8% of surface particles, containing Bi bismuth and ferro-silico-rare earth FeSiTR alloy, both with a particle size ⁇ 200 ⁇ are added to the PVP + water solution, and then suspended.
- This suspension is then injected at a rate of 10% by weight into the reactor for about 40 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C. After total injection of the mixture, the inside of the reactor is maintained at 100 ° C. until the product is completely dried.
- approximately 1000 kg of FeSi 7 o containing 1% by weight of AI and 1, 5% by weight of Ca, with a particle size of 2 - 7 mm and approximately 50 kg of aluminum powder of particle size ⁇ 300 ⁇ m are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor. All the particles are fluidized by injection of depleted air. The temperature inside the reactor is raised to 100 ° C. A suspension is carried out with PVP and water. This suspension is then injected at a rate of 10% by weight into the reactor for about 40 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C. After total injection of the mixture, the inside of the reactor is maintained at 100 ° C. until the product is completely dried.
- the implementation of the process is not limited to the use of a fluidized bed reactor and other coating techniques can be used. In particular, the following methods may be mentioned.
- a first method is the use of a high speed mixer, for example of the order of 1000 to 1500 revolutions per minute.
- the mixing speed allows the mechanical inlay of the fine surface particles into the larger particles of FeSi (carrier particles).
- Such a mechanical incrustation does not require the use of a binder and it is then called dry coating and cold.
- the FeSi 7 type support particles containing mainly the FeSi 2 , 4 and Si phases can be directly encrusted with the surface particles.
- a second method is the use of a high shear mixer.
- mixing is carried out at a greater or lesser speed (between 50 and 500 rpm, for example) in a mixer of the mixer granulator type, in the presence of a binder (examples mentioned above).
- a drying step is performed to remove water from the binder.
- Drying means can equip the mixer. It may especially be a burner ramp, for example gas, heating the outside of the mixer by conduction; a heating mat, for example silicone, surrounding in particular the walls of the mixer; or any other system for bringing the powder inside the mixer to a temperature between 80 and 150 ° C to remove water.
- a burner ramp for example gas, heating the outside of the mixer by conduction
- a heating mat for example silicone, surrounding in particular the walls of the mixer
- the mixer systems used, of the drum or granulator type must allow movement of the powder inside said mixer resulting in efficient mixing and some regularity of the bonding.
- the mixer may be equipped with stirring fins on its walls or a granulator mixer with central or remote rotation system along one or two axes.
- the process of the invention can be carried out indifferently continuously, or discontinuously batchwise.
- the support and surface particles may be added together or separately. When added together, it may be advantageously premixed before adding the binder to ensure the bonding.
- the carrier particles When they are added separately, the carrier particles will preferably be introduced first before adding the surface particles, preferably continuously, the binder also being introduced preferentially continuously.
- support particles based on FeSi it is of course possible to use other materials conventionally used in foundry, and in particular SiC or graphite support particles. The manufacturing examples should simply be transposed to these materials.
- the examples are given for most common use cases with an inoculant according to the invention, the support particle of which is of FeSi type.
- inoculants according to the invention comprising other types of support particles such as silicon carbide or graphite, these materials are, however, used less frequently in the foundry.
- a spheroidal graphite cast iron bath was treated at a rate of 0.3% by weight with an alloy inoculant type FeSi May 7, and containing 0.8% by weight of aluminum and 0.7% by mass of calcium .
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the residual magnesium of the cast iron is 400 thousandths.
- the cast iron was then poured into a mold of the BCIRA type.
- the treated cast has the following characteristics:
- a spheroidal graphite cast iron bath was treated at a level of 0.3% by weight with an inoculant according to the invention having the following composition:
- Binder 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of PVP - Deposition of the surface particles by bonding carried out by fluidization at 100 ° C.
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.32%.
- the residual magnesium of the cast iron is 400 thousandths.
- the cast iron was then poured into a mold of the BCIRA type.
- the treated cast has the following characteristics:
- Example 3 inoculant according to the invention
- FeSiTR ferro-silico-rare earth alloy
- Binder 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of PVP - Deposition of the surface particles by bonding carried out by fluidization at
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent (Ceq) of the cast iron is 4.32%.
- the residual magnesium is 420 thousandths.
- the cast iron is cast in a BCIRA mold.
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- a bath of spheroidal graphite cast iron was treated at a rate of 0.3% by weight with an inoculant conventionally developed type FeSi May 7, and containing 1, 2% by weight of aluminum, 1, 5% by mass calcium and 1.5% by weight of zirconium.
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.32%.
- the residual magnesium of the cast iron is 400 thousandths.
- the cast iron was then poured into a mold of the BCIRA type.
- the treated cast has the following characteristics:
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.3%.
- the cast iron is cast in a BCIRA mold.
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- Binder 5% by weight of an aqueous solution of cement
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.3%.
- the cast iron is cast in a BCIRA mold.
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the cast iron bag, before filling the mold.
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- Example 8 Pieces of different thicknesses - inoculant according to the invention
- Binder 2% by weight of an aqueous solution of PVP
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant to the jet during filling of the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.32%.
- the cast iron is then cast in a mold to manufacture a part having different thicknesses: 4 mm and 25 mm.
- the cast iron On the casting on the 4 mm thick part, the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- the cast iron On the casting, on the 25 mm thick part, the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- Example 9 Parts of different thicknesses - inoculant according to the prior art
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant to the jet during filling of the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.31%.
- the cast iron is then cast in a mold to manufacture a part having different thicknesses: 4 mm and 25 mm.
- the cast iron On the casting on the 4 mm thick part, the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- the cast iron On the casting, on the 25 mm thick part, the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- Type VI graphite 73 '
- Binder 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of cement
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the tundish during the filling of the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.33%.
- the cast iron is then poured into a mold to make a thick piece (170mm).
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
- the treatment is carried out by adding the inoculant into the tundish during the filling of the mold.
- the amount of carbon equivalent of the cast iron (Ceq) is 4.31%.
- the cast iron is then cast in a mold to make a thick piece: 170 mm.
- the cast iron has the following characteristics:
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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SI201431959T SI2976172T1 (sl) | 2013-03-19 | 2014-03-19 | Inokulant s površinskimi delci |
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FR1352419A FR3003577B1 (fr) | 2013-03-19 | 2013-03-19 | Inoculant a particules de surface |
PCT/FR2014/050636 WO2014147342A1 (fr) | 2013-03-19 | 2014-03-19 | Inoculant a particules de surface |
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EP2976172A1 true EP2976172A1 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2976172B1 EP2976172B1 (fr) | 2022-04-27 |
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EP14716891.8A Active EP2976172B1 (fr) | 2013-03-19 | 2014-03-19 | Inoculant a particules de surface |
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US (1) | US10351920B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2976172B1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP2016519714A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20150131087A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105121061A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112015023924B8 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2905802C (fr) |
DK (1) | DK2976172T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2915375T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3003577B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2015013384A (fr) |
PT (1) | PT2976172T (fr) |
SI (1) | SI2976172T1 (fr) |
UA (1) | UA118555C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014147342A1 (fr) |
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FR3003577B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-05-06 | Ferropem | Inoculant a particules de surface |
KR20240049856A (ko) | 2013-06-14 | 2024-04-17 | 게노마티카 인코포레이티드 | 오메가-수산화 지방산 유도체를 생성하는 방법들 |
PL3087179T3 (pl) | 2014-06-16 | 2020-09-21 | Genomatica, Inc. | Polipeptydy fuzyjne związane z omega-hydroksylazą o ulepszonych właściwościach |
WO2017101987A1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | REG Life Sciences, LLC | Variants de polypeptides de fusion liés à oméga-hydroxylase, à propriétés améliorées |
NO20161094A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-01 | Elkem As | Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant |
NO347571B1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2024-01-15 | Elkem Materials | Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant |
BR102016022690B1 (pt) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-02-08 | Tupy S.A. | Liga de ferro fundido vermicular para bloco e cabeçote de motor a combustão interna |
CN107326138A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 山东力得制动科技有限公司 | 一种铸造汽车制动毂铸件用灰铸铁的熔炼工艺 |
NO20172063A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
NO20172061A1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
NO20172064A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
NO20172065A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
NO346252B1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-05-09 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
CN110396638A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-01 | 广西大学 | 一种灰铸铁的孕育剂及其制备方法 |
CN113061689B (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-05-17 | 宁夏科通新材料科技有限公司 | 用矿石原料制备硅钙钡铝合金的方法 |
CN113174460A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏亚峰合金材料有限公司 | 一种加硅脱氧孕育剂的制备工艺 |
CN113106186A (zh) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏亚峰合金材料有限公司 | 一种强韧铸铁用的孕育剂的制备方法 |
CN113789449B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-24 | 四川兰德高科技产业有限公司 | 一种细化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114653902B (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2024-03-22 | 江苏亚峰合金材料有限公司 | 一种含稀土元素的环保型铸造孕育剂 |
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-
2013
- 2013-03-19 FR FR1352419A patent/FR3003577B1/fr active Active
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- 2014-03-19 CA CA2905802A patent/CA2905802C/fr active Active
- 2014-03-19 DK DK14716891.8T patent/DK2976172T3/da active
- 2014-03-19 SI SI201431959T patent/SI2976172T1/sl unknown
- 2014-03-19 KR KR1020157027366A patent/KR20150131087A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-03-19 BR BR112015023924A patent/BR112015023924B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-19 EP EP14716891.8A patent/EP2976172B1/fr active Active
- 2014-03-19 JP JP2016503709A patent/JP2016519714A/ja active Pending
- 2014-03-19 MX MX2015013384A patent/MX2015013384A/es unknown
- 2014-03-19 WO PCT/FR2014/050636 patent/WO2014147342A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-03-19 PT PT147168918T patent/PT2976172T/pt unknown
- 2014-03-19 CN CN201480017023.1A patent/CN105121061A/zh active Pending
- 2014-03-19 UA UAA201510144A patent/UA118555C2/uk unknown
- 2014-03-19 US US14/778,842 patent/US10351920B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
UA118555C2 (uk) | 2019-02-11 |
CN105121061A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
KR20150131087A (ko) | 2015-11-24 |
CA2905802A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 |
SI2976172T1 (sl) | 2022-07-29 |
US20160047008A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
JP2019073801A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
BR112015023924A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
BR112015023924B8 (pt) | 2020-05-05 |
JP2016519714A (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
PT2976172T (pt) | 2022-07-18 |
US10351920B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
EP2976172B1 (fr) | 2022-04-27 |
MX2015013384A (es) | 2016-05-05 |
CA2905802C (fr) | 2020-12-08 |
BR112015023924B1 (pt) | 2020-01-28 |
FR3003577A1 (fr) | 2014-09-26 |
FR3003577B1 (fr) | 2016-05-06 |
DK2976172T3 (da) | 2022-07-04 |
ES2915375T3 (es) | 2022-06-22 |
WO2014147342A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 |
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