Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
  • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
  • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
  • F25J1/0065—Helium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
  • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
  • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
  • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
  • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
  • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
  • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
  • F25J2270/912—Liquefaction cycle of a low-boiling (feed) gas in a cryocooler, i.e. in a closed-loop refrigerator

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a refrigeration and / or liquefaction device and a corresponding method.
• the invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigerating and / or liquefying a working gas comprising helium or consisting of pure helium, the device comprising a loop work circuit for the working gas comprising, in series :
• a compressor station for the working gas provided with at least one compressor
• a cold box for cooling the working gas comprising a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in series and at least one expansion member of the working gas
• the device further comprising a system additional pre-cooling of the working gas at the outlet of the compression station, the pre-cooling system comprising an auxiliary cryogenic fluid capacity such as liquid nitrogen, the capacity being connected to the working circuit via at least one heat exchanger; heat for selectively transferring frigories from the auxiliary fluid to the working gas, the cold box comprising a first working gas cooling stage having a first and a second heat exchanger connected in series and in parallel on the cooling circuit; working out of the compressor station, ie the working gas coming out of the compressor station Ssion can be selectively admitted into the first and / or second heat exchanger, the first cooling stage also comprising a third heat exchanger selectively in heat exchange with the auxiliary fluid.
• the invention particularly relates to helium refrigerators / liquefiers generating very low temperatures (for example 4.5K in the case of helium) in order to continuously cool users such as superconducting cables or devices of a device of plasma generation ("TOKAMAK").
• refrigeration / liquefaction device is meant in particular refrigeration devices and / or liquefaction devices at very low temperatures (cryogenic temperatures) cooling and liquefying where appropriate a low molecular weight gas such as helium.
• the refrigeration / liquefaction device is generally unsuitable for such cooling.
• the device comprises an auxiliary pre-cooling system which provides frigories during this cold setting.
• the pre-cooling system generally comprises a liquid nitrogen capacity (at constant temperature, eg 80K) which supplies working gas frigories via at least one heat exchanger.
• Heat exchangers adapted for this normal operation include plate type aluminum exchangers with brazed fins. This type of exchanger can not typically accept temperature differences between fluids with a countercurrent of more than 50 K.
• An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
• the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the third heat exchanger is connected both in series and in parallel. at the first and second heat exchangers, that is, the working gas leaving the first and / or the second heat exchanger is selectively admitted into the third heat exchanger, the working circuit comprising a heat pipe; recovery device provided with at least one valve and which connects the outlet of the third heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger, to selectively allow the transfer of frigories of the working gas leaving the third heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger.
• embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
• the first, the second and the third heat exchanger is a plate and fin type aluminum exchanger
• the third heat exchanger is a heat exchanger immersed at least partially in the auxiliary fluid capacity
• the third heat exchanger is a heat exchanger remote from the capacity and selectively supplied with auxiliary fluid via a circuit comprising at least one supply pipe,
• the device comprises a vaporized auxiliary gas evacuation pipe connecting an upper end of the capacity to a remote recovery system via a passage in the second heat exchanger, for selectively transferring frigories of the vaporised auxiliary fluid gas to the gas job,
• the working circuit comprises a limited portion subdivided into two parallel lines, one of the two lines constituting the recovery line, said portion comprising a set of valve (s) to ensure a distribution selective between the two parallel lines,
• the recovery pipe after its transit through the third heat exchanger, connects downstream to the working circuit of the cold box to continue cooling the working gas.
• the first and a second heat exchanger are connected both in series and in parallel to the working circuit at the output of the compression station via a network of pipes and valves forming a link in parallel and a series connection between the two heat exchangers and a bypass line of the first heat exchanger,
• the capacity is selectively supplied with auxiliary fluid via a supply line connected to an auxiliary fluid source and provided with a valve;
• the first heat exchanger is of the heat exchange type between different streams of working gas; at different respective temperatures and comprises a first passage supplied with hot working gas and high pressure exiting the compression station, a second countercurrent passage of the first passage and supplied by the said return gas pipe. cold and at low pressure and a third passage against the current of the first passage and supplied with medium pressure working gas via a return line of the working circuit returning the working gas from the cold box not having transited in the heat exchange system,
• the second heat exchanger is of the heat exchange type between the working gas and the auxiliary gas and comprises a first passage fed with working gas from the first heat exchanger and / or directly from the cold box, a second passing, countercurrently to the first passage and supplied with vaporized auxiliary gas via the discharge pipe, a third passage supplied with working gas via the recovery pipe,
• the working fluid outlets of the first and second heat exchangers as well as the bypass line of the first heat exchanger are connected in parallel to the working fluid inlet of the third exchanger via a network of pipes and valves; so that the third heat exchanger receives working fluid selectively from either only the first heat exchanger and / or the working fluid from only the second heat exchanger and / or the working fluid having passed through the first and then the second heat exchanger.
• the invention also relates to a method of cooling a user using a refrigerating and / or liquefying apparatus of a working gas according to any one of the above or the following features, wherein, user is cooled via the heat exchange system, the method comprising a user pre-cooling step having an initial temperature of between 120K and 400K in which the working gas leaving the compression station is cooled by heat exchange in the first heat exchanger and then in the second heat exchanger and then in the third heat exchanger, the cooled working gas leaving the third exchanger being admitted again at least partly in upstream in the second heat exchanger to give away frigories.
• embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
• the user is cooled via the heat exchange system, the method comprising a user pre-cooling step having an initial temperature of between 50 and 200 K in which the working gas leaving the compressor station is cooled; by heat exchange in the first heat exchanger and then in the second heat exchanger and in the third heat exchanger, the cooled working gas leaving the third exchanger being directed downstream of the working circuit in the cold box without ironing upstream by the second heat exchanger,
• the user is cooled via the heat exchange system, the method comprising a pre-cooling step of the user having an initial temperature of between 90 and 400 K, after the precooling stage when the user reaches a temperature between 50 and 90K, the process then comprising a continuous cooling step of the user in which the working gas leaving the compression station is separated into two heat-exchange cooled fractions respectively in the first heat exchanger and in the second heat exchanger, the two gas fractions being then combined and cooled in the third heat exchanger, the cooled working gas leaving the third exchanger being directed downstream of the working circuit in the cold box without ironing upstream by the second heat exchanger,
• the method comprises a step of recovering at least a portion of the vaporized auxiliary fluid and a step of transferring the frigories of this vaporized auxiliary fluid to the working gas in the second heat exchanger.
• the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
• FIG. 1 represents a simplified, schematic and partial view illustrating the structure of a liquefaction / refrigeration device used for cooling a user organ
• FIG. 2 schematically and partially shows a first example of the structure and operation of a liquefaction / refrigeration device used to cool a user organ
• FIG. 3 schematically and partially shows a detail of the cold box of a liquefaction / refrigeration device according to a second exemplary embodiment
• Figures 4 to 6 show the detail of Figure 3 respectively according to different operating configurations.
• the installation 100 may conventionally comprise a refrigeration / liquefaction device comprising a working circuit that subjects helium to a work cycle to produce cold.
• the working circuit of the refrigeration device 2 comprises a compression station 1 provided with at least one compressor 5 and preferably several compressors which provide a compression of the helium.
• the helium enters a cold box 2 for the cooling of the helium.
• the cold box 2 includes a plurality of heat exchangers which heat exchange with helium to cool the helium.
• the cold box 2 comprises one or more turbines 7 to relax the compressed helium.
• the cold box 2 operates according to a Brayton type thermodynamic cycle or any other appropriate cycle.
• At least a portion of the helium is liquefied at the outlet of the cold box 2 and enters a heat exchange system 14 provided to ensure a selective heat exchange between the liquid helium and a user 10 to cool.
• the user 10 comprises, for example, a magnetic field generator obtained using a superconducting magnet and / or one or more pumping units. by cryo-condensation or any other organ requiring cooling at a very low temperature.
• the device further comprises, in a manner known in itself, an additional pre-cooling system of the working gas output of the station 2 compression.
• the pre-cooling system comprises a capacity 3 of auxiliary cryogenic fluid such as liquid nitrogen.
• the capacitor 3 is connected to the working circuit via at least one heat exchanger for selectively transferring frigories of the auxiliary fluid to the working gas.
• the capacity 3 can be supplied with auxiliary fluid via a supply line 13 connected to a source of auxiliary fluid (not shown) and provided with a valve 23 (see Figure 3).
• the compression station 1 comprises two compressors 11, 12 in series defining, for example, three pressure levels for helium.
• the compression station 2 may also include helium purification organs 8.
• the helium is admitted into a cold box 2 in which this helium is cooled by heat exchange with several exchangers 5 and in which it is expanded in turbines 7.
• the liquefied helium in the cold box 2 can be stored in a reserve 14 provided with an exchanger 144 for heat exchange with the user 10 to cool (for example via a circuit provided with a pump).
• This heat exchange system 14 between the helium and the user 10 may comprise any other appropriate structure.
• the low-pressure helium that has passed through the heat exchange system 14 is sent back to the compression station 1 via a return line 9 in order to restart a work cycle. During this return, the relatively cold helium transfers heat to the heat exchangers and in this way cools the relatively hot helium which is cooled and expanded in the opposite direction before reaching the user 10.
• the working circuit may comprise a return line 19 returning to the station 1 for compressing the helium of the cold box 2 that has not passed through the heat exchange system 14.
• the device comprises a pre-cooling system comprising a capacity 13 of auxiliary cryogenic fluid such as liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 80K, for example.
• the cold box 2 comprises a first helium cooling stage which receives the helium as soon as it leaves the compression station 1.
• This first cooling stage comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger connected both in series and in parallel to the working circuit at the output of the compression station 1. That is, the working gas leaving the compression station 2 can be selectively admitted into the first and / or second heat exchanger.
• the first heat exchanger is for example of the heat exchange type between different streams of helium at different respective temperatures.
• the first heat exchanger may comprise a first fed passage 6 in high-pressure hot working gas coming directly from the compression station 1, a second countercurrent passage of the first passage and supplied by the gas return pipe 9 working said cold and low pressure and a third passage against the current of the first passage and fed medium pressure working gas via a return line 19.
• the second heat exchanger is of the heat exchange type between the working gas and the auxiliary gas and comprises, for example, a first feed gas passage 16 of working gas from the first heat exchanger and / or directly from the can. 2, a second passage, countercurrent to the first passage and provided for vaporized auxiliary gas, and a third passage supplied with working gas via the pipe 125 recovery.
• the first 5 and a second heat exchanger can be connected both in series and in parallel on the working circuit at the output of the compression station 1 via a network of conduits 6, 16, 26, 36 and valves 1 16, 126, 136 forming:
• the first cooling stage also comprises a third heat exchanger 25.
• This third heat exchanger is connected at the same time in series and in parallel with the first 5 and the second 15 heat exchanger. That is, the working gas exiting the first and / or second heat exchanger is selectively admitted into the third heat exchanger. As illustrated for example in more detail in FIG. 3, this is obtained by connecting a fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger with two fluid outlets belonging respectively to the first and second exchangers 15.
• the working circuit comprises a recovery line 125 which selectively connects the outlet of the third heat exchanger 25 to the second heat exchanger, to selectively allow the transfer of frigories from the working gas leaving the third exchanger. of heat 25 to the second heat exchanger 15.
• the working circuit comprises a limited portion subdivided into two parallel lines, one of the two lines constitutes the recovery line 125.
• This circuit portion may comprise a set of valve (s) 225, 44 to ensure a selective distribution of helium between the two parallel lines (see Figure 3).
• recovery line 125 after its transit through the third heat exchanger 25, is connected downstream to the working circuit of the cold box 2 in order to continue the cooling of the working gas.
• the third heat exchanger is selectively supplied with auxiliary fluid (nitrogen, for example).
• auxiliary fluid nitrogen, for example.
• the third heat exchanger 25 is a heat exchanger remote from the capacitor 3 and selectively supplied with auxiliary fluid via a circuit comprising at least one supply line 13. This makes it possible to selectively transfer frigories of the auxiliary fluid to the helium within the third heat exchanger.
• the device preferably comprises a pipe 225 for evacuating the vaporized auxiliary gas connecting an upper end of the capacitor 3 to a remote recovery system via a passage in the second heat exchanger. This allows selectively transferring frigories of the vaporized auxiliary gaseous fluid to the working gas passing through the second heat exchanger.
• Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the first cooling stage of the device.
• the embodiment of Figure 3 differs from that of Figure 2 only in that the third heat exchanger 25 is this time immersed in the auxiliary fluid capacity.
• Figures 4 to 6 are three distinct configurations that can be used in a succession of an example of possible operation of the device.
• a first phase of cooling a user illustrated in Figure 4 the helium from the compression station 1 is successively cooled in series in the first 5, second 15 and third 25 heat exchangers (valves 1 16 and 126 closed, valve 136 open).
• the cooled helium returns to pass through the second heat exchanger via the recovery line (valves 1 16 and 126 closed, valve 136 open).
• the auxiliary fluid (nitrogen) at a temperature of about 80 K is allowed to circulate in the second heat exchanger (it comes out for example at a temperature of about 270 K).
• the temperature of the helium can be:
• a second cooling phase of the user having a temperature of 200K can have the same configuration as that of FIG.
• the temperature of the helium can be:
• the auxiliary fluid (nitrogen) at a temperature of about 80 K is allowed to circulate in the second heat exchanger and comes out, for example, at a temperature of about 190 K.
• a third cooling phase of the user having a temperature of 140K can comprise the same configuration as that of FIG. During this third phase, the temperature of the helium can be:
• auxiliary fluid nitrogen
• the second heat exchanger the auxiliary fluid (nitrogen) at a temperature of about 80 K is allowed to circulate in the second heat exchanger and it emerges, for example, at a temperature of about 140 K.
• a fourth user cool-down phase having a temperature of 120K may have a configuration which differs from that of FIG. 4 only in that the helium exiting the third heat exchanger is not recirculated in the second heat exchanger. Heat exchanger (valve 225 closed).
• the temperature of the helium can be:
• the auxiliary fluid (nitrogen) at a temperature of about 80 K is allowed to circulate in the second heat exchanger and comes out, for example, at a temperature of about 120 K.
• the device can adopt a fifth operating phase illustrated in FIG. 6.
• This fifth phase of operation differs from the configuration of Figure 5 only in that the helium from the station 1 compression is distributed between the first 5 and second 15 heat exchangers (valves 1 16 and 126 closed while valve 136 is open).
• the temperature of the helium can be:
• the auxiliary fluid (nitrogen) at a temperature of about 80 K is allowed to circulate in the second heat exchanger and it emerges, for example, from a heat exchanger. temperature of about 300K.
• the architectures described above thus make it possible to cool a massive component of a relatively hot temperature (for example 300K at a relatively low temperature (for example 80K) with the same number of equipment as necessary for normal (nominal) operation. refrigerator / liquefier.
• the three heat exchangers 5, 15 and 25 may advantageously be heat exchangers of the same type, for example aluminum plates and fins. This makes it possible to use compact heat exchangers 5, 15, 25 and efficiently for all the operating modes of the device (cooling or normal operation).
• This architecture makes it possible in particular to reduce the size of the first heat exchanger with respect to known systems.
• this first heat exchanger only receives helium (no nitrogen).
• the flow of helium at high pressure can be reduced in part by distributing a portion of this helium in the second heat exchanger.
• the relatively hot and cold helium flow rates are not completely balanced, that is to say that the cold flow rates induce an increase in the pinch, that is to say an increase in the minimum temperature difference.
• the cold fluids and the hot fluids along the exchanger and an increase in the "LMTD" i.e., an increase in the logarithmic mean of the temperature differences of the heat exchanger.
• the frigories brought by the cold flows become more important than the calories to be extracted from the hot flow. The cold flow rates therefore undergo less warming, hence the increase in the LMTD of the heat exchanger.
• This helium from the recovery line 125 is reheated by yielding frigories to the second heat exchanger and is then mixed with the relatively cold helium flow which flows downstream into the cold box.
• the device has many advantages over the prior art.
• the device makes it possible in particular to size the first 5, second 15 and third 25 exchangers for the normal operation of the refrigerator and can thus be constituted by aluminum exchangers with plates and fins.
• the device also allows the helium temperature to be regulated in a simple and effective manner depending on the operating mode.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-01-03 FR FR1350018A patent/FR3000541B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-11-08 KR KR1020157017499A patent/KR102124677B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-11-08 WO PCT/FR2013/052686 patent/WO2014106697A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-11-08 CN CN201380069164.3A patent/CN104884878B/zh active Active
  • 2013-11-08 EP EP13803118.2A patent/EP2941602B1/de active Active
  • 2013-11-08 JP JP2015551213A patent/JP6284950B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-11-08 US US14/759,117 patent/US10520225B2/en active Active

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