WO2022022920A1 - Installation et procédé de réfrigération d'un fluide - Google Patents
Installation et procédé de réfrigération d'un fluide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022022920A1 WO2022022920A1 PCT/EP2021/067619 EP2021067619W WO2022022920A1 WO 2022022920 A1 WO2022022920 A1 WO 2022022920A1 EP 2021067619 W EP2021067619 W EP 2021067619W WO 2022022920 A1 WO2022022920 A1 WO 2022022920A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- exchanger
- circuit
- fluid
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001125929 Trisopterus luscus Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
- F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
- F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0017—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/20—Quasi-closed internal or closed external hydrogen refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/30—Quasi-closed internal or closed external helium refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
Definitions
- the invention relates to an installation and a method for refrigerating a fluid.
- the invention relates more particularly to an installation for refrigerating a fluid to a cryogenic temperature, and in particular for the liquefaction of hydrogen, comprising a fluid circuit to be cooled comprising an upstream end connected to a source and a downstream end connected to a cooled and/or liquefied fluid collection member, the installation comprising at least one pre-cooling exchanger for the fluid leaving the upstream end, said pre-cooling exchanger being in heat exchange with a pre-cooling circuit consisting of a flow of vaporization gas from a user, the installation further comprising a set of cooling heat exchanger(s) in heat exchange with the fluid circuit to be cooled downstream of the heat exchanger pre-cooling, the installation comprising at least one cooling device in heat exchange with at least part of the set of cooled heat exchanger(s) ment, said cooling device comprising a first cycle refrigerator for refrigerating a cycle gas in a working circuit, the cycle gas preferably comprising hydrogen and/or helium, the working circuit of the a first refrigerator
- Tout Tsat (Pout)
- a certain amount of gas from the vaporization of the liquid to be generated.
- the gas produced can be subcooled during its production by the liquefier. This does not, or partially, regulate the management of a return of vaporization gas (generated for example in the empty tanks when they are filled, typically mobile tanks, etc.).
- a known solution consists in returning this vaporization gas via a distribution member to different thermal levels in the installation.
- the production of the installation can however be disturbed because of these variable returns due to the incorrect temperature measurement or the trapping of impurities locally in the exchange blocks, these pollutions being able to be transported by these return gases.
- Another solution consists in ensuring a local re-condensation of this vaporization gas.
- this requires an additional cold source or requires oversizing the production unit for its erratic needs, creating potential instabilities and significant additional costs.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
- the installation according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the pre-cooling exchanger is composed of at least one of the following materials: stainless steel or grades of stainless steel, inconel, nickel, titanium or plastic material compatible with use at cryogenic temperatures .
- embodiments of the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: the pre-cooling exchanger is of the plate(s), tube or shell and tube type, the heat exchanger pre-cooling is also in heat exchange with a refrigerant circuit, for example liquefied nitrogen.
- a refrigerant circuit for example liquefied nitrogen.
- the invention also relates to a method of refrigerating a fluid to a cryogenic temperature using a refrigeration device conforming to any one of the characteristics above or below, in which the fluid to be cooled is circulated in the fluid circuit to be cooled, and, prior to its cooling by a first refrigerator in the set of cooling heat exchangers, the fluid is pre-cooled in the pre-cooling exchanger by heat exchange with a flow of vaporization gas from the pre-cooling circuit.
- the flow of vaporization gas from the pre-cooling circuit is circulated intermittently in the pre-cooling circuit, that is to say that the pre-cooling exchanger does not is not constantly cooled by the flow of vaporization gas, the pre-cooling exchanger undergoes average temperature differences of between 50 and 100K between, on the one hand, the situation where a flow of vaporization gas is circulated in the pre-cooling circuit and, on the other hand, the situation where a flow of vaporizing gas is not circulated in the pre-cooling circuit, the pre-cooling exchanger is also in heat exchange with a refrigerant circuit, for example liquefied nitrogen, the refrigerant being circulated in said circuit for cooling the pre-cooling exchanger when the pre-cooling exchanger is not cooled by the vaporization gas flow to a determined cooling level.
- a refrigerant circuit for example liquefied nitrogen
- the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating an example of structure and operation of an example embodiment of a refrigeration installation according to the invention.
- the illustrated refrigeration installation 1 is provided for example for the liquefaction of a gas, for example hydrogen.
- the installation 1 comprises a circuit 2 of fluid to be cooled comprising an upstream end connected to a source 21 of gas.
- the source 21 comprises, for example, a hydrogen network, an electrolyser, a steam methane reforming system (SMR) or any other source of gas production (hydrogen in particular) which will be liquefied or cooled to a temperature close to its normal liquefaction temperature at the heart of the installation 1.
- SMR steam methane reforming system
- the circuit 2 comprises a downstream end connected to a member 22 for collecting the cooled and/or liquefied fluid, for example a storage of liquefied gas.
- the installation 1 comprises an exchanger 3 for pre-cooling the fluid leaving the upstream end 21.
- This pre-cooling exchanger 3 carries out a heat exchange with a pre-cooling circuit 9 in which a flow of vaporization of a user 10.
- the vaporization gas is hydrogen which comes from a tank 10 to be filled, a fixed or mobile storage or any other part of the installation or an element external to the installation 1.
- the installation 1 further comprises a set of cooling heat exchanger(s) 4, 5 in heat exchange with the fluid circuit 2 to be cooled arranged in series downstream of the pre-cooling exchanger 3 .
- the separate exchangers 4, 5 illustrated can be combined for all practical purposes into a single exchanger.
- the installation 1 comprises a device 6, 11 for cooling in heat exchange with at least a part of the set of exchanger(s) 4, 5 for cooling heat.
- the cooling device comprises a first cycle refrigerator 6 for refrigerating a cycle gas in a working circuit, the cycle gas preferably comprising hydrogen and/or helium.
- the working circuit of the first refrigerator 6 comprises a member 7 for compressing the cycle gas (for example one or more compressors), a member 5 for cooling the cycle gas (for example one or more heat exchangers), a member 8 for expanding the cycle gas (for example one or more turbines and/or valves) and a member 5 for heating the cycle gas (for example one or more heat exchangers).
- the pre-cooling exchanger 3 is composed of at least one of the following materials: stainless steel or grades of stainless steel, inconel, nickel, titanium or plastic material compatible with use at cryogenic temperatures (for example below minus 150 °C).
- cryogenic temperatures for example below minus 150 °C.
- the returns of cold vaporized gas from the installation 1 are made within at least one pre-cooling exchanger 3, preferably made of stainless steel or any other material having high-performance mechanical characteristics making it possible to undergo thermal gradients much higher than those usually managed in known facilities.
- This architecture makes it possible to withstand cold flashes that vary in quantity and time.
- the material will be compatible with operating temperatures below -196°C.
- the pre-cooling exchanger 3 can remain cold thanks to thermal insulation if necessary and, when a flow of vaporization gas arrives, its negative calories can be recovered. . If no cold return is available or is not available at the expected design flow level, the need for pre-cooling can be temporarily met by the use of liquid nitrogen or another gas or liquid coolant available on site.
- the exchanger 3 must in this case be dimensioned with three passages and preferably take advantage of an existing utility.
- the large temperature difference within the exchanger 3 makes it possible to have a very compact exchange unit (logarithmic mean temperature differences of the order of 50 to 100K for example).
- a very compact exchange unit logarithmic mean temperature differences of the order of 50 to 100K for example.
- a single pre-cooling heat exchanger is provided.
- several pre-cooling exchangers 3 can be provided.
- two separate pre-cooling heat exchangers 3 may be provided.
- a first pre-cooling heat exchanger 3 receives for example a vaporization gas (for example return from a liquefied gas storage truck) at a temperature typically of the order of 30K up to 80K or 100K for example, to pre-cool the flow of hydrogen in the cycle and a second pre-cooling heat exchanger 3 further upstream to pre-cool the flow of gas to be cooled coming from the source 21 thanks to the remaining cold temperatures (for example between 80K and 300K).
- Reheating the return vaporization gas flow if it is polluted by any impurity, makes it possible to overcome a conventional operational problem linked to the re-condensation technology (in this specific case, there is a risk of solidify impurities and store them in the cold exchangers of the process, potentially until clogging or, in some cases, the generation of an explosive atmosphere).
- the pre-cooling heat exchanger 3 can, if necessary, also be in heat exchange with a refrigerant circuit 12, for example liquefied nitrogen (or any other cold source).
- This refrigerant circuit 12 makes it possible, if necessary, to keep the pre-cooling exchanger 3 cold when the vaporization gas flow rate is insufficient or zero.
- this refrigerant circuit 12 can be used alone to cool the pre-cooling heat exchanger 3 or in addition to the circuit 9 in which the flow of vaporization gas can pass.
- the cooling device may comprise another cooling member 11 in heat exchange with a part of the set of heat exchanger(s) 4, in particular between the pre-cooling exchanger and the cooling carried out by the first refrigerator 6.
- This additional cooling device 11 can be a second refrigerator providing intermediate cooling between the pre-cooling exchanger 3 and the first refrigerator 6.
- This second refrigerator 11 can for example use another fluid, for example nitrogen.
- this second refrigerator 11 makes it possible to pre-cool the fluid to a temperature between 70 and 100K.
- the first refrigerator 6 provides additional cooling of the circuit 2 down to the target temperature (hydrogen liquefaction temperature for example).
- the structure and the method make it possible to easily, without constraint and inexpensively recover the frigories of vaporization gas generated intermittently.
- the solution applies advantageously to the liquefaction of hydrogen but can also apply to the liquefaction of helium, methane, nitrogen, oxygen or any other fluid.
- the pre-cooling exchanger 3 is configured to withstand temperature variations greater than 200K or 150K for example.
- This exchanger 3 can be provided to pre-cool hydrogen initially at room temperature via a heat exchange with a flow at cryogenic temperature, in particular less than or equal to 80K.
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Abstract
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EP21737411.5A EP4189310A1 (fr) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-28 | Installation et procédé de réfrigération d'un fluide |
JP2023504385A JP2023535569A (ja) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-28 | 流体を冷却するための設備及び方法 |
US18/018,614 US20230304731A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-28 | Facility and method for refrigerating a fluid |
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FR2008057A FR3113116B1 (fr) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Installation et procédé de réfrigération d’un fluide |
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PCT/EP2021/067619 WO2022022920A1 (fr) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-28 | Installation et procédé de réfrigération d'un fluide |
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US (1) | US20230304731A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4189310A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2023535569A (fr) |
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CN114812096A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种氢气与天然气联合液化系统与工艺 |
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FR2919716A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-06 | Air Liquide | Procede de refroidissement a basse temperature et son utilisation |
US20090158774A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2009-06-25 | Robert Anthony Mostello | Equipment and process for liquefaction of LNG boiloff gas |
US20150226477A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2015-08-13 | L'Air Liquide Societe Anonyme pour l"Etude et lIExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude | Heat exchanger and method for the installation of a gas separation unit comprising such heat exchangers |
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CN108775770A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-09 | 科霖恩新能源科技(江苏)有限公司 | 一种采用混合制冷剂循环的钎焊板式换热器天然气液化系统 |
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2020
- 2020-07-30 FR FR2008057A patent/FR3113116B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-06-28 EP EP21737411.5A patent/EP4189310A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-06-28 US US18/018,614 patent/US20230304731A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-28 WO PCT/EP2021/067619 patent/WO2022022920A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-06-28 JP JP2023504385A patent/JP2023535569A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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US20090158774A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2009-06-25 | Robert Anthony Mostello | Equipment and process for liquefaction of LNG boiloff gas |
FR2919716A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-06 | Air Liquide | Procede de refroidissement a basse temperature et son utilisation |
US20150226477A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2015-08-13 | L'Air Liquide Societe Anonyme pour l"Etude et lIExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude | Heat exchanger and method for the installation of a gas separation unit comprising such heat exchangers |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114812096A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种氢气与天然气联合液化系统与工艺 |
CN114812096B (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-17 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种氢气与天然气联合液化系统与工艺 |
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US20230304731A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
FR3113116B1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 |
EP4189310A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 |
FR3113116A1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 |
JP2023535569A (ja) | 2023-08-18 |
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