EP2931650B1 - Palan à chaîne avec entrée de chaîne améliorée - Google Patents

Palan à chaîne avec entrée de chaîne améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2931650B1
EP2931650B1 EP13802604.2A EP13802604A EP2931650B1 EP 2931650 B1 EP2931650 B1 EP 2931650B1 EP 13802604 A EP13802604 A EP 13802604A EP 2931650 B1 EP2931650 B1 EP 2931650B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chain
channel
guide
hoist
link
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13802604.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2931650A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Weingärtner
Dominik MÜLLER
Bernhard RUSAM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konecranes Global Oy
Original Assignee
Konecranes Global Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Konecranes Global Oy filed Critical Konecranes Global Oy
Publication of EP2931650A1 publication Critical patent/EP2931650A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2931650B1 publication Critical patent/EP2931650B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/12—Chain or like hand-operated tackles with or without power transmission gearing between operating member and lifting rope, chain or cable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/12—Chain or like hand-operated tackles with or without power transmission gearing between operating member and lifting rope, chain or cable
    • B66D3/16—Chain or like hand-operated tackles with or without power transmission gearing between operating member and lifting rope, chain or cable operated by an endless chain passing over a pulley or a sprocket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/18—Power-operated hoists
    • B66D3/26—Other details, e.g. housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chain hoist with a chain guide for a link chain.
  • a chain hoist is used for lifting and lowering or pulling loads.
  • a link chain in particular a round steel chain or a round profile chain is used.
  • a chain hoist usually has a holder, for example a hook, with which it can be hung on a scaffold. The hook is followed by a chain hoist housing with a hoist motor that drives a chain sprocket over which the chain runs. At the free end of the chain, a load hook is arranged.
  • the housing has an opening with a subsequent channel through which the part of the chain adapted to carry the load runs on the sprocket.
  • Such a channel is often cross-shaped in cross-section, to guide a link chain, which consists of a plurality, preferably the same chain links which engage alternately oriented crosswise to each other. The channel serves the controlled guidance of the chain.
  • chain hoists for stage technology also called Rigger trains are formed in an inverted to the embodiment described above design.
  • the loose end of the chain is used to attach the chain hoist at a desired height.
  • the hook provided on the housing serves to receive the load. In operation, the load is raised or lowered along with the housing on the chain.
  • the housing When dismantling the chain hoist after use, the housing is placed on the stage floor or jacked there and released the height-mounted chain and lowered down to the housing.
  • the chain comes on the surface of the housing, in the area of the opening, i. the mouth of the cross-sectionally cross-shaped channel to lie.
  • the lifting motor With the lifting motor, the chain is then pulled through the housing in the chain memory. It may happen that a chain link is transverse in front of the channel and blocks further retraction of the chain.
  • the operator must laboriously remove the blockage manually.
  • the feeding process is cumbersome and the operator is tied up throughout the feeding process.
  • German patent 1 228 384 a guide channel which widens towards the outside of the housing.
  • a space is created in an end portion of the channel, in which a transverse chain link can rotate before it is fed in the feed direction through the tapered channel.
  • the torque required for rotation is exerted on the transverse chain link by the following chain link, which abuts the end face by the transverse orientation of the transverse chain link.
  • DE 25 48 569 A1 shows a chain guide with cross-shaped guide grooves with an arcuate extension on the inlet side.
  • the chain hoist according to the invention has a chain guide for a link chain, hereinafter also referred to as a chain, wherein the chain guide has a channel with a cross-shaped cross section through which the chain extends.
  • the chain guide further includes an end surface extending from an opening of the channel away therefrom.
  • the end face extends from the mouth of the channel away from it in at least one direction and in the opposite direction.
  • the link chain enters at the mouth of the channel in the direction of passage in this one.
  • the channel expands towards the face.
  • a projection is formed symmetrically or asymmetrically around the mouth of the channel.
  • a portion of the chain may contact or rest on the face.
  • a chain link can be pulled through the front surface over the projection and thus away from the end face before passing through the projection, whereby the chain can be easily tensioned locally. That way the frequency will be diminished occurrence of transverse chain links before entering the channel, thus facilitating the chain feeder.
  • the chain hoist according to the invention may have one or more chain guides.
  • a chain guide may for example be arranged on a housing of the chain hoist and guide the chain to a chain sprocket.
  • the chain guide is set up to guide a link chain.
  • each chain link is oriented transversely to its adjacent chain link.
  • a chain link may be, for example, a round link or a profile link.
  • a chain link may for example consist of steel, aluminum or plastic or one or more materials, including combinations of the aforementioned, have.
  • a chain link is toroidally shaped with a round cross section, polygonal cross section or the like, wherein the torus body of a chain link is preferably stretched in one direction.
  • the largest internal dimension of a chain link is called the pitch and the smallest inner width. In the same plane as the pitch and the inner width of the outer width of the chain link is measured.
  • the difference between outer and inner width is the width of the chain link body. Transverse to the measuring direction of the outer and inner width, the chain link has a thickness.
  • the length of a chain link corresponds to the sum of the width and the pitch.
  • the channel of the chain guide has a cross-shaped cross-section, wherein the cross-section extends transversely to a (local) guide direction.
  • the channel leads the chain, ie it restricts its direction of movement transversely to the guide direction.
  • the chain can be in the channel across the Guide direction have a certain amount of play or be performed without play. Through the channel with the cross-shaped cross-section uncontrolled rotation of the chain around the guide direction is prevented or severely limited, ie the chain is guided in the channel non-rotatably.
  • the chain extends through the channel along the guiding direction.
  • the channel defines a direction of passage.
  • the passage direction preferably coincides with a guiding direction present in a mouth-side section of the channel.
  • the channel has a first pair of guide grooves and a second pair of guide grooves, which are arranged transversely to each other.
  • the suddenlysnutcrue are preferably oriented perpendicular to each other.
  • the first pair of guide grooves is configured to guide chain links oriented in a first direction
  • the second channel is configured to guide the chain links in a direction transverse to the first direction.
  • a mecanicsnutschreib has, measured in the cross section of the channel, a first extension and a second extension. The first extent of the servessnutcrues is at least as large as the outer width of a chain link.
  • the second extension of a occidentalsnutcrues is at least as large as the thickness of a chain link.
  • at least the first extension of a pair of guide grooves increases in the direction of the end face.
  • the channel widens in the direction of the end face, so that the first extension of the channel, at least in the mouth region of the channel, permits rotation of a transverse chain link.
  • the first extension of the channel does not permit twisting or crossing of a chain link in a portion of the channel subsequent to the mouth region of the channel.
  • the second extension of a mecanicsnutschreibes may increase in the direction of the end face.
  • a pair of guide grooves may expand in the direction of the end face with at least one step.
  • the first extension of the guide groove pair measured in cross-section, can therefore expand at one point of the channel abruptly or at least over a short section along the channel guide.
  • An extension of the first or the second extension may also be formed continuously or partially continuously, for example linear or curved.
  • a guide groove pair of the channel may also be asymmetric in the cross section measured along the channel guide, i. For example, that a pair of guide grooves of the channel in the direction of the end face first widening on one side and finally is also widening on the other side.
  • the part forming the projection may be a component which is separate from the part carrying the end face and arranged for attachment to the part carrying the end face.
  • the part can be formed in one or more parts. Projection and end face can also be formed on the same component.
  • the channel may be continued in the projection.
  • the channel in the projection can expand in particular along the passage direction. The channel widens in the direction of the end face, wherein the extension can also be used only in the region of or in the projection.
  • a chain guide may have a channel defining a passage direction that coincides with the direction of the solder.
  • the end face is at least partially curved.
  • the end face may be curved in at least one direction away from the mouth.
  • the end face is preferably arched away from the mouth in the direction of passage (convex), but may also be curved in a concave manner be.
  • the end face can also be curved, for example, arched from the mouth in several directions.
  • the end face may be, for example, spherical surface-shaped or conical or pyramidal.
  • the end face of a chain guide of the chain hoist may be inclined relative to the passage direction.
  • the face can also fall obliquely in several directions.
  • the end face is inclined in at least one direction across the mouth.
  • the end face is inclined relative to the vertical direction.
  • the part on which the end face is formed for example, metal, such as steel or aluminum, plastic, such as Teflon, wood, rubber and / or carbon have.
  • the material of the end face bearing member is tuned to the chain link material, which is achieved a low coefficient of sliding friction.
  • the projection may be formed around the mouth of the channel, extending over the mouth of the channel.
  • the protrusion may, for example, also refer to the crossing region of guide groove pairs or be limited to these, or be limited to the mouth region.
  • the projection may have surfaces (projection surfaces) that continue the end surface on the projection. In this way, a smooth transition or a kinked transition or a transition can be created with a jump from the end face to the projection.
  • the projection forms an elevation over the end face.
  • the highlighting formed by the projection may be symmetrical or asymmetrical across the face. For example, protrusion surfaces of the protrusion may be different Heights or distances to the end face have.
  • the projection has a height that is greater than the thickness of a chain link. It is also advantageous if the height of the projection is greater than the width of a chain link.
  • the projection preferably has a height of 20 to 80% of a link length with respect to the end face. In this way, the above-described local tension of the chain can be achieved particularly well.
  • a chain link On surfaces of the projection, a chain link can abut, which follows a transversely oriented chain link. This can lead to a rotation of the transverse oriented chain link.
  • the surfaces may for example be flat, so that the projection has a projection end plane which is offset from the end face.
  • the projection may be cylindrical or frustoconical.
  • surfaces of the projection fall obliquely or curved towards the end face.
  • One surface of the projection may initially rise toward the channel along the end faces, so that a part of the projection is formed in this way, and then fall off again towards the channel or the mouth of the channel, so that a depression is formed in the projection.
  • the projection can be spherical segment-shaped or pyramid-shaped or have the shape of a cone or truncated cone. The projection may be centered on the channel or the mouth.
  • the projection and / or the guide channel may, for example, metal, such as steel or aluminum, plastic, such as Teflon, wood, rubber and / or carbon have.
  • the material of the projection and / or the guide channel is tuned to the chain link material, that a low coefficient of sliding friction is reached.
  • the material of the projection is selected so that at least in the region of existing projecting end surfaces results in low wear by abutting chain links.
  • the projection and / or the channel may be formed porous, wherein in the porous material lubricants or care substances for the chain or the chain guide can be kept.
  • the channel, in particular its mouth region and the projection are particularly well suited for applying lubricants or care substances to the chain. Namely, at these points, the chain links can be exposed inside the radius or at least relatively unloaded, which represent the most stressed and frictional forces exposed portions of the chain links for a train train. Therefore, the application of active ingredients is particularly effective here.
  • a lubricating device is formed in or on the channel and / or in or on the projection.
  • a lubricant reservoir can be arranged there.
  • a lubricating felt or a lubricating channel can be arranged in the channel or in the projection.
  • Lubricants may be, for example, oils, fats and / or graphite.
  • the chain guide can be designed for retrofitting a chain hoist, for example, as a separate from the rest of the chain hoist component or be part of a housing of the chain hoist, for example.
  • the chain hoist has at least one crane hook.
  • a crane hook can be designed as a swivel hook with a pivot bearing and therefore be rotated with respect to the chain axis without the chain rotates with it. In the case of resting on the face chain heap with partially strongly twisted against each other Chain links must be applied to the chain when pulling through the chain guide a strong torque. By a swivel hook the rotation of the chain is not affected.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a chain 10 according to the invention with a chain guide 12 for a link chain 14.
  • the chain hoist 10 has a housing 16, which may include a sprocket and a motor and, for example, a slip clutch.
  • the chain hoist 10 has a hook 18, which is fastened in the embodiment to the housing 16, but may also be rotatably mounted.
  • the hook 18 can be used to attach a load to be lifted or lowered to the chain hoist 10.
  • the chain hoist 10 has a hook block 20 which is connected to the chain 14.
  • the chain 14 travels from the chain guide 12 to the hook bottle 20 via a roller in the hook bottle 20 and back to the housing 16 to which the end of the chain 14 is attached.
  • the fastening means 20 may also be formed as a hook 20 to which the chain is attached and does not run back to the housing 16.
  • the housing 16 has side walls 22 and a housing surface 24. Above the chain sprocket arranged in the housing, a channel of a chain guide 36 is arranged. The channel opens at the surface 24, which also forms the end face 26 of the chain guide 12, in an orifice 28. At the mouth 28, a projection 30 is formed. The chain 14 passes on the projection 30 through the mouth 28 in the housing 16 of the chain hoist 10th
  • the hook block 20 can be hooked in a mounting height, for example, on a stage scaffolding.
  • the load is attached to the hook 18 and can be moved up and down together with the housing 16 on the chain 14.
  • the hook block 20 is equipped in the embodiment with a pivot bearing 32 and formed in this way as a whirl hook. The hook block 20 can therefore be rotated without the link chain 14 twisting.
  • the chain hoist 10 is in the illustrated embodiment in a state that corresponds approximately to the initial state at a site.
  • the link chain 14 extends through the housing 16 in a chain memory, not shown. With the help of the lifting motor, the chain 14 is moved out of the housing and hung with the hook block 20 on a stage scaffold at a mounting height above the stage floor. A load attached to the hook 18 can then be lifted by the chain hoist 10, the chain 14 being retracted through the mouth 28 in the housing surface / face 24,26.
  • the housing 16 is lowered onto the stage floor and the hook hook 20 is released from the stage scaffolding.
  • the chain 14 is deposited on the housing surface 24 and the end face 26 and retracted with the lifting motor through the mouth 28.
  • the projection 30 may, for example, be a part of the housing surface 24 that protrudes from the otherwise flat housing surface or may be formed as an attachment to the housing surface 24 or as an insert in the housing 16.
  • FIG. 2a, b show a chain guide 12 according to the invention as a separate component 15.
  • the component 15 may be connected to the housing 16 fixed or movable, for example, connected with screws, glued or welded.
  • the chain guide of the embodiment may be configured as an insert or attachment for a housing 16 of a chain hoist 10.
  • FIG. 2a shows a perspective view
  • FIG. 2b shows a plan view of a chain guide according to the invention.
  • the chain guide 12 has a channel 36 which has a cross-shaped cross-section Q. In Figure 2b, the cross section Q of the channel 36 can be seen.
  • the channel 36 has a first suddenlysnutcru 38 and a second Whysnutcrup 40, which are oriented transversely to each other.
  • the end face 26 of the chain guide 12 extends from the mouth 28 of the channel 36 away from this.
  • the end face 26 slopes obliquely in an oblique direction R with respect to the passage direction D.
  • the end face 26 is convex, but may for example be grade.
  • the channel 36 defines a passage direction D.
  • the first 42a, second 42b, third 42c and fourth projection surface 42d of the protrusion 30 arranged around the orifice 28 are curved.
  • the projection 30 thereby receives spherical section shape.
  • Projecting surfaces 42a-d may, for example, also be straight sloping, which may result in a pyramidal shape.
  • One or more protrusion surfaces 42a-d may also extend horizontally, or parallel to the end surface 26.
  • a mecanicsnutschreib 38, 40 has a first extension L and a second extension W in cross section. The first extension L and the second extension W of the first guide groove pair 38 and the second guide groove pair 40 may differ.
  • the first extensions L of the first and second réellesnutcrue the channel 36 increase at least in a mouth portion of the channel opposite to the passage direction or in the direction of the end face 26. This means that the channel 36 widens in the direction opposite to the passage direction.
  • a lubricating device 44 for example in the form of a lubricating felt.
  • the end surface 26 is formed over the protrusion 30.
  • the projection 30 extends over the mouth 28, ie radially over the channel 36. The projection 30 is centered on the mouth 28.
  • FIG. 3 a chain guide 12 for a chain hoist 10 is shown in a side view.
  • a first link 34a belonging to a chain section extending through the channel 36.
  • a second link 34b is transposed across the mouth 28 to illustrate the rotating mechanism.
  • the chain link 34b is also transverse to the end face 26.
  • a third chain link 34c following the transverse second link 34b is oriented approximately along the end face 26 and abuts against the first and second projection faces 42a, b of the projection 30.
  • a chain link has a length 1, a pitch t, an inner width b1, an outer width b2, a width of the chain link body b, and a thickness d.
  • the projection 30 has with respect to the end face 26 has a height H (s. FIGS.
  • the height H is about 20 to 80% of the chain link length 1.
  • the channel 36 extends in the region of the projection 30 over a first extension L (see. FIG. 2b ), which allows rotation of the transverse chain link 34b.
  • the chain guide according to the FIG. 2 can be made of metal.
  • the chain guide may also comprise plastic.
  • the projection and / or parts of the projection may be made of plastic.
  • Other materials, such as wood, rubber and / or carbon can be used for the chain guide or parts of the chain guide.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section along the passage direction D through the channel 36, in particular the first suddenlysnutzip 38. Visible extends the channel 36 in the direction of the end face 26 against the passage direction D. He first has a first extent with the amount L1 and in a mouth side part of Channel 36 a first extension with the amount L2. The transition takes place in a stepped manner, with a first step 46a first on the first side 38a and in the direction of the end face 26 with a second step 46b on the other side 38b, resulting in an asymmetrical cross section of the channel 36.
  • the channel 36 is widened in the region of the mouth 28, so that rotation of a transverse-oriented chain link 34b is possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further cross-sectional view of a chain guide 12 with a cross section through the channel 36, in particular the second Actuallysnutpress 40.
  • the channel 36 opens at the mouth 28.
  • the second Actuallysnutschreib 40 of the channel 36 extends in the direction of the end face 26 symmetrically and monotonically along a Straight line from the first extent with the amount L1 to a first extent with the amount L2.
  • a sensor e.g. a switch may be provided.
  • the component may be movable against the force of a spring in the direction of the channel 36 and actuate a correspondingly arranged switch.
  • the signal emitted by the switch can serve to stop or reverse the drive motor.
  • the chain hoist 10 has a chain guide 12 for a link chain 14.
  • the chain guide 12 has a channel 36 with a cross-shaped cross section through which the link chain 14 can extend.
  • An end face 26 of the chain guide 12 extends starting from an orifice 28 of the channel 36.
  • the channel 36 defines a passage direction D and widens in the direction of the end face 26.
  • a projection 30 is formed around the mouth 28 of the channel 36.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Palan à chaîne (10) comprenant un guide-chaîne (12) pour une chaîne à maillons (14), le guide-chaîne (12) comprenant :
    un canal (36) qui présente une section transversale cruciforme et à travers lequel s'étend la chaîne à maillons (14),
    une face frontale (26) qui, à partir d'un orifice (28) du canal (36), s'étend à l'opposé de celui-ci,
    le canal (36) déterminant une direction de passage (D) et s'élargissant en direction de la face frontale (26), caractérisé en ce que, sur la face frontale (26), autour de l'orifice (28) du canal (36), est ménagée une saillie (30).
  2. Palan à chaîne (10) selon la revendication 1, comprenant une face frontale au moins en partie bombée (26) .
  3. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, la face frontale (26) du guide-chaîne (12) étant en biais par rapport à la direction de passage (D) .
  4. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, le canal (36) comportant, en section transversale (Q), deux paires de gorges de guidage (38, 40) orientées transversalement l'une à l'autre, au moins une paire de gorges de guidage (38, 40) s'élargissant avec au moins un gradin (46a,b) en direction de la face frontale (26).
  5. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, la saillie (30) présentant, par rapport à la face frontale (26), une hauteur (H) de 20 % à 80 % d'une longueur de maillon de chaîne (1).
  6. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, la saillie (30) comportant au moins une surface plane (42a-d) et/ou au moins une surface bombée (42a-d).
  7. Palan à chaîne (10) selon la revendication 6, la saillie (30) étant en forme de segment sphérique ou en forme de cône ou en forme de pyramide.
  8. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, le guide-chaîne (12) comportant du métal ou étant constitué de métal.
  9. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, un dispositif de graissage (44) étant ménagé dans ou sur au moins une paire de gorges de guidage (38, 40).
  10. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, le guide-chaîne (12) étant conformé en composant (15) distinct du reste du palan à chaîne (10) .
  11. Palan à chaîne (10) selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant ou un ou plusieurs crochets ou moufles à crochet (20), un crochet ou une moufle à crochet (2-0) du palan à chaîne (10) étant conformé en crochet à émerillon (20).
EP13802604.2A 2012-12-14 2013-12-06 Palan à chaîne avec entrée de chaîne améliorée Active EP2931650B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012112329.2A DE102012112329B4 (de) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Kettenzug mit verbessertem Ketteneinlauf
PCT/EP2013/075806 WO2014090703A1 (fr) 2012-12-14 2013-12-06 Palan à chaîne avec entrée de chaîne améliorée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2931650A1 EP2931650A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
EP2931650B1 true EP2931650B1 (fr) 2019-09-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13802604.2A Active EP2931650B1 (fr) 2012-12-14 2013-12-06 Palan à chaîne avec entrée de chaîne améliorée

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9908753B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2931650B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104903228B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012112329B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014090703A1 (fr)

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FR3013312B1 (fr) * 2013-11-15 2016-01-08 Dcns Chaumard de guidage d'un element d'ancrage
US9228375B1 (en) 2014-10-29 2016-01-05 Mandex, Inc. Lock for a chain
SE542478C2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-05-19 Binar Quick Lift Systems Ab Battery operated lifting device with simplified access to the interior of the device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104903228B (zh) 2017-08-29
US20160031684A1 (en) 2016-02-04
US9908753B2 (en) 2018-03-06
CN104903228A (zh) 2015-09-09
WO2014090703A1 (fr) 2014-06-19
DE102012112329A1 (de) 2014-06-18
DE102012112329B4 (de) 2020-04-23
EP2931650A1 (fr) 2015-10-21

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