EP2886668B1 - Textilwerkzeug und dessen Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Textilwerkzeug und dessen Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2886668B1
EP2886668B1 EP13198583.0A EP13198583A EP2886668B1 EP 2886668 B1 EP2886668 B1 EP 2886668B1 EP 13198583 A EP13198583 A EP 13198583A EP 2886668 B1 EP2886668 B1 EP 2886668B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
textile
regions
base body
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13198583.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2886668A1 (de
Inventor
Simone Schwarz
Frank-Martin Durst
Richard Zeller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Groz Beckert KG
Original Assignee
Groz Beckert KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES13198583T priority Critical patent/ES2707585T3/es
Application filed by Groz Beckert KG filed Critical Groz Beckert KG
Priority to EP13198583.0A priority patent/EP2886668B1/de
Priority to PT13198583T priority patent/PT2886668T/pt
Priority to SI201331309T priority patent/SI2886668T1/sl
Priority to PL14809042T priority patent/PL3084017T3/pl
Priority to BR112016013426-5A priority patent/BR112016013426B1/pt
Priority to MX2016008153A priority patent/MX369012B/es
Priority to TR2019/02562T priority patent/TR201902562T4/tr
Priority to SI201431092T priority patent/SI3084017T1/sl
Priority to ES14809042T priority patent/ES2713375T3/es
Priority to PT14809042T priority patent/PT3084017T/pt
Priority to CN201480069077.2A priority patent/CN106062218B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2014/077022 priority patent/WO2015091103A1/de
Priority to RU2016129123A priority patent/RU2682264C1/ru
Priority to US15/106,006 priority patent/US10487429B2/en
Priority to HUE14809042A priority patent/HUE041641T2/hu
Priority to KR1020167018464A priority patent/KR102414280B1/ko
Priority to JP2016541565A priority patent/JP6556141B2/ja
Priority to EP14809042.6A priority patent/EP3084017B1/de
Priority to TW103143991A priority patent/TWI544087B/zh
Publication of EP2886668A1 publication Critical patent/EP2886668A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2886668B1 publication Critical patent/EP2886668B1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
    • B21G1/00—Making needles used for performing operations
    • B21G1/003—Needles for special purposes, e.g. knitting, crochet, hat-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
    • B21G1/00—Making needles used for performing operations
    • B21G1/006—Special treatments of pins or needles, e.g. annealing, straightening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
    • B21G1/00—Making needles used for performing operations
    • B21G1/10—Making needles used for performing operations equipped with locking means for the material to be drawn through, e.g. for repairing tubeless tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/26—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for needles; for teeth for card-clothing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a textile tool, in particular a needle, such as a felting needle, a sewing needle, a tufting needle, a knitting needle, a knitting needle, a tufting needle, a loop taker, or the like.
  • a textile tool in particular a needle, such as a felting needle, a sewing needle, a tufting needle, a knitting needle, a knitting needle, a tufting needle, a loop taker, or the like.
  • a textile tool in particular a needle, such as a felting needle, a sewing needle, a tufting needle, a knitting needle, a knitting needle, a tufting needle, a loop taker, or the like.
  • Such textile tools are used for the mechanical production or processing of textiles.
  • Textile tools are typically made of carbon steel and cured as needed.
  • the DE 199 36 082 A1 a sewing needle and a knitting needle, each made of carbon steel.
  • the blank for the production of the needle is subjected to a heat treatment and a shot peening treatment. This results in a surface hardening of the textile tool.
  • the DE PS 21 14 734 describes a method for tempering hardened needles, resulting in longitudinal sections of different hardness. This is effected by supplying different amounts of heat at the individual longitudinal sections of the needles. In this method, the size of the hardened zones is largely determined by the size of the zones heated by the needles during the hardening process.
  • Textile tools typically have relatively fine structures that are subject to different conditions during operation.
  • the so-called working part for example, in felting needles by a front provided with one or more hooks or barbs elongated tip in a sewing needle through the eye and other coming into contact with textile and thread lots and a hook needle through the hook and the immediately adjacent part formed of the shaft.
  • These workpieces must be highly wear-resistant and as hard as possible, but it must be made break-proof.
  • the rest of the shaft of the textile tool should often meet other conditions. This not only results in the desire for a zone-wise hardening, but also the desire for different hardening depths or hardness gradients in the textile tool.
  • the textile tool is subject to a wide range of storage and operating conditions. It must be able to be stored for a long time at various temperatures and humidities without losing its properties or corroding it. Compensation treatments, as of the DE 199 36 082 A1 proposed, are provided to increase the corrosion resistance. Such tempering treatments may be, for example, galvanic chrome plating.
  • the textile tool according to the invention has a tool body, ie a base body which consists of a chromium steel. This naturally brings a high corrosion resistance with it. Its chromium content is in the range of 11 to 30 weight percent. Preferably, it is an iron-based alloy. The total carbon content of more than 0.8 percent in at least one surface section enables hardening by martensite formation. This makes it possible to provide corrosion-resistant textile tools with high hardness and thus high wear resistance.
  • the main body has areas whose material has different degrees of deformation. wherein the body in areas with larger degrees of deformation has a higher hardness than in areas with lower degrees of deformation.
  • the invention has particular advantages with non-cutting textile tools. These are often non-cutting needles. Such needles can also be designed to pierce textile materials, which is the case with sewing, felt and tufting needles.
  • the total carbon content includes the carbon bonded in the carbides and the metal space lattice, i. the total carbon present.
  • the total carbon content can be determined inter alia by vaporizing the metal (plasma formation) and feeding the alloy components to a spectrometer and examining them.
  • the at least one surface section, in which total carbon concentrations of at least 0.8% by weight are established, is preferably located in the working part and / or has a high degree of deformation, as described in more detail below.
  • the hardening can be limited to specific sections (working part, shaft part) or designed differently in different sections.
  • This can produce different material properties in the shaft part and in the working part. Due to the different carbon contents and / or distributions in the shaft and working part, they can undergo the same heat treatment and yet form different properties.
  • the material on which the formation of the body was based is preferably X10Cr13, X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X65Cr13, X6Cr17, X6CrNi18-8 or X10CrNi18-8. It is advantageous if material which still contains the element carbon in its initial concentration is still present in the main body. Generally, the concentration of carbon in the main body is between 0.1 and 0.8%, but preferably between 0.2 and 0.6% in the low-carbon regions of the main body, between 0.8 and 1.2%, but preferably between 0, 9 and 1.1% in the carbon-rich areas of the same.
  • the main body preferably contains inclusions of chromium carbide. These may have been generated in a carburizing process. Thus, more chromium carbides are contained in the base material of the finished fabric tool than in the chrome steel used as the starting material.
  • the chromium carbide produced by the carburizing process may be at least partially concentrated at the surface of the textile tool. Preferably, it forms a layer of roundish crystals protruding from the surface, which are separated from one another by small distances. Preferably, adjacent crystals are not or only rarely connected by melt bridges.
  • the existing chromium carbide brings along a considerable hardness itself and therefore counteracts a wear of the surface. The moreover in the body carbon present allows hardening of the body.
  • the base body preferably has at least one partial section which has a higher total carbon content near the surface than the surface (deeper).
  • sections which still have the total carbon concentration of the starting material of preferably at most 0.3% by weight can be located in the center of the textile tool.
  • the diffusion depth of the carbon may be different in zones. In this way, through-hardened areas and only surface-hardened areas can be formed on one and the same workpiece. This is, as mentioned, also possible by exposing the entire textile tool to a uniform temperature treatment during curing rather than just a zone-wise temperature treatment. In this way, the zone-wise curing can be obtained safely and reproducibly.
  • the main body may consist wholly or partly of martensite full hardness.
  • full hardness is meant the maximum achievable hardness of martensite, which is about 67 HRC and is also referred to as "glass hardness".
  • glass hardness is achieved by stressing the martensite crystal lattice by incorporation of carbon, but the total carbon content may decrease from the surface to the core, it is possible that full hardness martensite is present only in selected zones of the textile tool.
  • martensite can be full of hardness due to thermal After treatment (tempering) relaxed and thus its hardness (locally) be reduced.
  • the main body may contain through hardened entirely of martensite full hardness subsets and other sections that contain only partially, for example, in a near-surface area martensite full hardness or consist of such. It is preferably free of oxides, especially on its surface.
  • the main body contains sections with different degrees of deformation. Typically, high degrees of deformation are encountered in particular in the working part of the textile tool. These sections are preferably through hardened.
  • the carbon which is not bound in chromium carbide, can be fairly uniformly distributed over the entire cross section of the material.
  • sections with a lower degree of deformation preferably have a marked carbon gradient, ie a decrease in carbon from the surface into the body.
  • the main body has its greatest hardness in sections with the highest degrees of deformation. Subsections that are to receive the highest hardness and the largest hardness depth are usually provided with high and highest degree of deformation. Thus, before hardening, a plastic deformation of the tool blank took place, which plastically deformed the entire material cross-section. The participation of the entire cross section in the flow of the material has resulted in a high number of dislocations, which provide additional diffusion paths for the carbon and thus a high penetration depth.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the step of providing a tool blank made of a chromium steel having a chromium content of at least 11 percent, preferably 12 percent or more.
  • a next step different sections of the blank are deformed to different degrees, so that at least one working part and at least one shaft part are formed. The working part is much more deformed than the shaft part.
  • the carburizing of the tool blank is done by chromium carbide formation.
  • the carburized tool blank is brought to a temperature suitable for curing. For hardening, cooling or heating of the tool blank may be necessary. During exposure to high temperature, excess carbons not bound in carbides may diffuse from near-surface regions to deeper regions further away from the surface.
  • the tool blank For hardening the tool blank, it is exposed to a hardening temperature and then quenched to form martensite.
  • the tool blank is brought to a uniform temperature during both carburizing and curing.
  • the working part and the shaft part are exposed to substantially the same temperature. This opens up the possibility of running the diffusion process on the carburized blank for a long time (several minutes). A temperature difference does not have to be maintained at the blank. This will cause inaccuracies in the size of the hardened areas, distortion or other undesirable Suppresses effects when quenching the tool blank.
  • the forming of the tool blank preferably detects at least in the working part the material of the entire tool cross-section, but in any case the degree of deformation is higher than in the shaft part. This increases the hardness during subsequent carburizing and quenching in these more highly deformed areas.
  • the carburizing is preferably carried out at a temperature between 900 ° and 1050 °, whereby not only carbon diffuses into the tool body, but also carbides, in particular chromium carbides, e.g. Cr23C6 but also mixed carbides ME23C6 and others form.
  • the carburizing is carried out at low pressure (a few millibar) and the presence of a carbon bearing gas, for example a hydrocarbon, preferably ethane, ethene or ethane.
  • a carbon bearing gas for example a hydrocarbon, preferably ethane, ethene or ethane.
  • the gas can be supplied to the textile tool in a reaction vessel permanently or in cycles (batchwise).
  • the process can be carried out as a low pressure carburizing process, as for example in the EP882811B1 is disclosed.
  • a suitable hardening temperature is set, which may be the same as the carburizing temperature. However, the hardening temperature can also be up to 100 ° above or below this temperature. All these measures have specific advantages.
  • Quenching may include one or more cooling steps and may be performed uniformly on parts of the textile tool or on the entire textile tool.
  • quenching involves freezing. This can be done with liquid nitrogen.
  • the concentration limits given here can be measured as follows.
  • the concentration of Cr in the steel can be determined with a spark spectrometer or an optical emission spectrometer.
  • the carbon concentration in the steel can be determined with a carbon-sulfur analyzer (CSA).
  • CSA carbon-sulfur analyzer
  • a material sample is melted at high temperature (about 2000 ° C), rinsed with pure oxygen and the escaping CO 2 gas is measured with an infrared measuring cell.
  • measurements with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy in which the sample is excited with an electron beam and the X-ray spectrum is measured spectroscopically, are also possible.
  • the presence of martensite or carbides can be detected by evaluating the texture in the cut.
  • FIG. 1 shows the textile tool 10 as a felting needle 11th
  • FIG. 2 shows the textile tool 10 as a sewing needle 12th
  • FIG. 3 shows that Textile tool 10 as a knitting needle 13.
  • the textile tool 10 may also be a knitting needle, a tufting needle, a crochet hook, a loop taker, a board, or the like.
  • a textile tool no matter what type, has a working part 14 which can come into contact with the threads, the yarns or the fibers.
  • the textile tool 10 also has a shaft portion 15, which serves to store the textile tool in a receptacle and to guide the working part 14 and hold.
  • the textile tool 10 is preferably made of an elongate material blank, for example a wire section, a metal strip or the like. After provision of such a blank, it is plastically deformed in a forming process in order to form the desired structures on the working part 14 and the shank part 15. In the working part 14, these are typically far further from the prototype than in the shank part 15.
  • the example of the felting needle 11 shows that the working part 14 has been reduced substantially more in diameter than the shank part 15 Diverge from circular shape. The change in shape is generated in areas that are to have a high hardness later, mainly by plastic deformation. Forming techniques are used that generate a large number of dislocations. In particular, the process is conducted so that those zones undergo a strong plastic deformation, which should later have a high hardness.
  • the existing material has been deformed much more plastically than in the shaft portion 15. This concerns both the diameter reduction and not further illustrated, arranged on the working part 15 hooks and / or barbs. It can be seen from the example of the sewing needle 12 that, in particular, the region of its eye 16 and a subsequent yarn channel 17 and at the tip 18 have been subjected to a great plastic deformation in order to produce the desired structures. In the knitting needle 13 of the working part 14 has also been deformed much more than the shank portion 15. In particular her hook 19, which has been produced by plastic deformation, characterized by a much greater flow of the material during manufacture, as it is on the shaft part 15th to be recorded.
  • FIG. 4 the example of the sewing needle 12 closer.
  • the cross section In the area of the round shaft, the cross section is essentially round. If the needle 12 was made of a wire, the cross section 20 is only slightly changed. The material is slightly compressed and flowed here. In the area of the thread groove 17, however, the cross section 21 is deformed much more strongly. In the plastic deformation of the entire cross-section 21 was transformed. The degree of deformation in the region of the eye 16 is even greater.
  • the cross section 22 is separated and, overall, very strongly deformed. The degree of deformation is slightly lower again towards the tip 18, as the cross section 23 shows.
  • the sewing needle 12 has in its shaft part 15 and its working part 14 different hardnesses. These are produced in a uniform hardening treatment.
  • the needle 12, as well as any other textile tool 10, in the method according to the invention when exposed to high temperatures and / or when it is exposed to low temperatures, each be exposed to both the working part 14 and the shaft part 15 same heating and cooling media. Nevertheless, despite the filigree structure of the textile tools and the consequent about the same cooling rate of shaft portion 15 and working part 14 different hardness profiles can be formed.
  • the cross section 20 in an outer near-surface zone 24 may have a relatively high carbon content and a high hardness, while a core zone 25 remote from the surface may have a lower carbon content and thus a lower hardness.
  • a near-surface zone 24 and a core zone 25 may also be present.
  • the near-surface zone 24 is thicker here.
  • the surface remote core zone 25 is much smaller. It can disappear completely.
  • the carbon content in the near-surface zone 24 of the shaft portion 15 may be as large or less than the carbon content of the near-surface zone 24 of the working part 14, for example, at the eye 16.
  • the carbon content in the shaft portion 15 decreases from the surface to the core
  • the Carbon content in the working part 14 show a slight decrease from the surface towards the core.
  • the carbon content in the working part 14 may be higher overall than in the shaft part 15. It is also possible that the carbon content in the entire cross section 22 (21 or 23) of the working part 14 is constant.
  • the textile tool 10 is made of chromium steel prior to the heat treatment, for example, X10Cr13, X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X65Cr13, X6Cr17, X6CrNi18-8 or X10CrNi18-8. These may contain additional carbon and chromium carbides after the heat treatment.
  • FIG. 6 is a greatly enlarged section of the working part 124 of the felting needle 11 after FIG. 1 represented in the region of a notch 26.
  • the surface has, for example, 4000x magnification in the area of the notch 26 after the appearance FIG. 7 ,
  • the appearance of the surface is characterized by a number of roundish or even elongated carbide crystals, in particular chromium carbide crystals 27, which are approximately bean or pea shaped and protrude from the otherwise defined from the surface level 28. However, they preferably do not form a coherent layer and are hardly or not fused together.
  • the individual roundish carbide crystals have a diameter, preferably 0.2 to 1 .mu.m. If they are elongated, they can have a longitudinal diameter of between 2 and 3 microns and a transverse knife between 0.5 and 2 microns.
  • the surface is preferably approximately as if from FIG. 8 formed visible.
  • the carbide crystals 27 are stochastically distributed over the surface 28 and predominantly roundish bean or pea shaped. Again, this results in an overall spotty surface with a layer of carbide crystals that are embedded in the surface and partially protrude from this.
  • the individual carbide crystals 27 are from each other spaced and rarely or not merged. Melt bridges 29 are found only in a vanishing minority of individual carbide crystals, ie, preferably at less than 20 percent of the same.
  • the size of the individual carbide crystals 27 varies between 0.3 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m. The majority of the carbide crystals have approximately roundish shapes with a diameter between 0.3 and 1.5 microns. Elongated types have a transverse blade of up to 1.5 ⁇ m and a longitudinal blade of up to 4 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 9 another less desirable surface configuration, in which the individual carbide crystals 27 are often interconnected by melt bridges 29.
  • irregularly shaped contiguous carbide crystals are formed whose length and width exceed 1 ⁇ m, with some contiguous carbide crystal areas also larger than 2 ⁇ m.
  • the working part 14 is characterized by low sensitivity to breakage, high hardness and low thread sliding resistance.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show how the surfaces, which have proved to be advantageous qualitatively from the in FIG. 9 different surface shown:
  • the carbides in the FIGS. 7 and 8 have a predominantly convex in shape and are largely free of concave areas, while the carbides in FIG. 9 are predominantly concave shaped.
  • the carbides in the FIGS. 7 and 8 are largely free of fusion bridges.
  • a tool blank which consists for example of a metal strip, a wire section or the like of a steel having a chromium content of at least 11 weight percent.
  • steel is meant here an iron-based alloy.
  • the tool blank preferably consists of X10Cr13, X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X65Cr13, X6Cr17, X6CrNi18-8 or X10CrNi18-8.
  • This tool blank is now subjected to forming processes. These forming processes include at least in the working part 14 plastic forming processes. In the plastic forming processes, the material in the working part 14 flows much more strongly than in the shaft part 15.
  • the forming processes may include embossing, rolling, kneading, and the like plastic forming processes.
  • the plastic deformation covers the entire material cross-section. The more deformed material has more dislocations than the less deformed material.
  • the tool blank is brought to a carbonization temperature Tc.
  • a carbonization temperature Tc This is preferably between 900 ° C and 1050 ° C.
  • the carbonization is carried out in a vacuum oven. This is fed with low pressure of a few millibars a carbon carrier gas such as acetylene. This can be done in continuous gas flow or in bursts (pulsed).
  • carbon accumulates in the surface layer. Part of the carbon reacts with chrome contained in chromium steel to chromium carbide.
  • the entire textile tool 10 is brought to a hardening temperature.
  • the textile tool 10 is quenched starting from the hardening temperature T H. It is worked in one or more cooling stages. For example, the textile tool 10 may first be cooled to a quenching temperature T Q that is, for example, at or slightly above room temperature. After a time of a few seconds to minutes, the textile tool 10 can then be cooled to a freezing temperature T K in order to stay there for a longer time (one minute to several hours). The manufacturing process then ends with the reheating of the textile tool 10 to room temperature Tz.
  • T Q quenching temperature
  • T K freezing temperature
  • textile tools having hardness gradients both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction from the outside to the inside and from the working part 14 to the shaft part 15 can be achieved. It is a high wear resistance and despite high carbon content, a high rust resistance achieved. This results in an increased life.
  • the process does not require surface activation. Due to the carbonization at high temperature, passive layers on the surface of the textile tool do not disturb the carbon input.
  • the textile tool 10 consists of chromium steel, in which carbon has been incorporated into a carbonization process to a different extent locally.
  • a formation of martensite full hardness is achieved especially in those zones in which larger amounts of carbon have been registered. It can thus produce a textile tool with zones of different hardness without having to expose the individual different hard zones different process conditions in the manufacturing process.
  • the hardness control is based on the degree of deformation of the textile tool.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
EP13198583.0A 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Textilwerkzeug und dessen Herstellungsverfahren Active EP2886668B1 (de)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13198583.0A EP2886668B1 (de) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Textilwerkzeug und dessen Herstellungsverfahren
PT13198583T PT2886668T (pt) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Ferramenta têxtil e método de fabricação do mesmo
SI201331309T SI2886668T1 (sl) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Tekstilno orodje in postopek njegove izdelave
ES13198583T ES2707585T3 (es) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Herramienta textil y su procedimiento de fabricación
HUE14809042A HUE041641T2 (hu) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Textilszerszám és eljárás annak elõállítására
MX2016008153A MX369012B (es) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Herramienta para textiles y método de producción para la misma.
TR2019/02562T TR201902562T4 (tr) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Tekstil aleti ve bunun üretim yöntemi.
SI201431092T SI3084017T1 (sl) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Tekstilno orodje in postopek za njegovo izdelavo
ES14809042T ES2713375T3 (es) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Herramienta textil y su procedimiento de fabricación
PT14809042T PT3084017T (pt) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Ferramenta têxtil e procedimento para o fabrico da mesma
PL14809042T PL3084017T3 (pl) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Narządzie tekstylne i sposób jego wytwarzania
PCT/EP2014/077022 WO2015091103A1 (de) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Textilwerkzeug und herstellungsverfahren für dieses
RU2016129123A RU2682264C1 (ru) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Инструмент для текстиля и способ его изготовления
US15/106,006 US10487429B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Tool for textiles and production method for same
BR112016013426-5A BR112016013426B1 (pt) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 ferramenta para produtos têxteis e método de fabricação para essa ferramenta
KR1020167018464A KR102414280B1 (ko) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 직물용 도구 및 그 제조 방법
JP2016541565A JP6556141B2 (ja) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 織物用器具およびその製造方法
EP14809042.6A EP3084017B1 (de) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Textilwerkzeug und dessen herstellungsverfahren
CN201480069077.2A CN106062218B (zh) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 纺织工具和用于所述纺织工具的制造方法
TW103143991A TWI544087B (zh) 2013-12-19 2014-12-17 紡織工具及其製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13198583.0A EP2886668B1 (de) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Textilwerkzeug und dessen Herstellungsverfahren

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EP2886668A1 EP2886668A1 (de) 2015-06-24
EP2886668B1 true EP2886668B1 (de) 2018-12-12

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EP14809042.6A Active EP3084017B1 (de) 2013-12-19 2014-12-09 Textilwerkzeug und dessen herstellungsverfahren

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EP (2) EP2886668B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP6556141B2 (pl)
KR (1) KR102414280B1 (pl)
CN (1) CN106062218B (pl)
BR (1) BR112016013426B1 (pl)
ES (2) ES2707585T3 (pl)
HU (1) HUE041641T2 (pl)
MX (1) MX369012B (pl)
PL (1) PL3084017T3 (pl)
PT (2) PT2886668T (pl)
RU (1) RU2682264C1 (pl)
SI (2) SI2886668T1 (pl)
TR (1) TR201902562T4 (pl)
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EP3483319B1 (de) 2017-11-09 2021-12-22 Groz-Beckert KG Textilwerkzeug mit indikatorschicht

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JP6556141B2 (ja) 2019-08-07
EP2886668A1 (de) 2015-06-24
CN106062218B (zh) 2021-08-17
RU2016129123A (ru) 2018-01-24
PL3084017T3 (pl) 2019-06-28
EP3084017A1 (de) 2016-10-26
EP3084017B1 (de) 2019-01-30
US20160319472A1 (en) 2016-11-03
SI3084017T1 (sl) 2019-04-30
TW201540848A (zh) 2015-11-01
TR201902562T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
KR102414280B1 (ko) 2022-06-29
ES2713375T3 (es) 2019-05-21
BR112016013426B1 (pt) 2021-03-09
PT2886668T (pt) 2019-02-04
HUE041641T2 (hu) 2019-05-28
TWI544087B (zh) 2016-08-01
JP2017512248A (ja) 2017-05-18
ES2707585T3 (es) 2019-04-04
RU2682264C1 (ru) 2019-03-18
WO2015091103A1 (de) 2015-06-25
KR20160101015A (ko) 2016-08-24
SI2886668T1 (sl) 2019-03-29
CN106062218A (zh) 2016-10-26
PT3084017T (pt) 2019-03-14
US10487429B2 (en) 2019-11-26
MX369012B (es) 2019-10-24
MX2016008153A (es) 2017-02-27

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