EP2878717B1 - Textilmaschine mit variablem anspannverzug - Google Patents
Textilmaschine mit variablem anspannverzug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2878717B1 EP2878717B1 EP14195661.5A EP14195661A EP2878717B1 EP 2878717 B1 EP2878717 B1 EP 2878717B1 EP 14195661 A EP14195661 A EP 14195661A EP 2878717 B1 EP2878717 B1 EP 2878717B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- draft
- drafting system
- textile machine
- during
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
- D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
- D01H5/32—Regulating or varying draft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a textile machine, in particular a spinning preparation machine, with a drafting device for stretching a fiber composite fed to the textile machine, with a downstream of the drafting in a direction of transport of the fiber composite compressor for compressing the fiber composite, and with a downstream of the compressor in said transport direction withdrawal device for Deduction of the drawn fiber composite, wherein the drafting device comprises at least one input cylinder drivable by means of a drive and an output cylinder drivable by means of a drive, and wherein the extraction device comprises at least one take-off disk which can be driven by means of a drive.
- a method for operating a corresponding textile machine is proposed.
- the nonwoven guide has an inner wall (baffle and / or guide surface) and acts on the fiber structure through the inner wall.
- the interaction and / or the spatial association between fiber structure and inner wall is changeable.
- the in the DE 4428474 A1 described invention relates to a method for depositing textile fiber ribbons on a route in which means for supplying the sliver, z. B. press rollers, means for epicycloidal deposition of the sliver in a container, for. B. a rotating storage head and a movable base for the container, for. B. a turntable or traversing device, each driven by separate drive motors, wherein the speed ratios between the drive motors are changeable.
- a changed relationship between the separately driven means for feeding the sliver, the means for depositing the sliver and the movable base is set according to automatically changing the delivery speed of the sliver.
- the JP 8120528 A describes a drafting system in which the individual roller pairs are driven by separate drives, wherein the motors are preferably servomotors.
- a regulating drafting device for slivers at a line with an inlet measuring device for a plurality of incoming slivers is in the DE 9320794 U1 disclosed.
- the drafting system comprises at least one default field, a drive system and a control or regulation for the drive system, wherein the controller or the controller responds to a measurement signal supplied by the Einlaufmessorgan to change over the drive system, the delay in said default field such that variations in mass be corrected in original fiber ribbons,
- the EP 708849 B1 relates to a device for controlling the formation of sliver with a card, a carding downstream compressor, a set of measuring rollers and a drafting system.
- the arrangement further comprises means for monitoring the circumferential path traveled by successive rollers of the drafting system.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a textile machine or a method for operating the same, which take into account the above-mentioned disadvantage.
- the object is achieved by a textile machine or a method for operating the same with the features of the independent claims.
- the textile machine is now characterized by the fact that it comprises a control and / or regulating unit and means by which the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the output cylinder and pulley and thus the Anspannverzug the textile machine during operation of the drafting system is variable, the change at least during a part or the entire start and / or stop phase (s) of the drafting system can be realized.
- the invention allows the tension draft to be reduced from normal starting at the beginning of the starting phase and increased gradually (i.e., preferably during the starting phase) to the value set for normal operation. Since a low tensioning distortion automatically causes the nonwoven fabric is withdrawn from the compressor less quickly, the web speed is reduced within the compressor and there is the desired flow pattern of the fibers, where they run more or less parallel in the compressor and there impact on a corresponding baffle, which eventually leads to a change in direction and the associated Faserverwirbelung. The result is finally a fiber bond with a tape adhesion, which is comparable to the tape adhesion of the nonwoven fabric leaving the compressor during normal operation of the drafting system.
- the drafting distortion for example by increasing the main draft, which is defined as the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the center cylinder and the output cylinder
- the main draft which is defined as the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the center cylinder and the output cylinder
- the tensioning distortion is increased correspondingly from a low value, then it is possible to determine the total draft (ie the sum of the drafting system draft and the tensioning distortion) to keep constant.
- the non-woven fabric produced in this way is finally characterized by a consistently high uniformity and a correspondingly uniform tape adhesion.
- the main draft should in this case be changed in such a way that the total draft remains as constant as possible despite the change in tension distortion over the entire drafting system operation.
- the drafting device comprises at least one driven by means of a drive center cylinder
- the respective change takes place in such a way that the total delay of the textile machine during the starting phase and / or the stopping
- the drive by means of which the take-off disk (s) can be driven or are driven and / or the drive by means of which the output cylinder can be driven are designed as a single drive.
- a simple adaptation or change of the tensioning distortion is possible. It would be conceivable, for example, to increase the peripheral speed of the pulleys faster during the starting phase than the peripheral speed of the output cylinder in order to realize a corresponding increase in the tensioning distortion as a result. It would also be possible to slow down the peripheral speed of the pulleys slower during the stop phase than the peripheral speed of the pullout cylinder, so that the tension distortion would be gradually reduced during the stop phase.
- control and / or regulating unit is designed to increase the peripheral speed of the pulley faster or slower than the peripheral speed of the output cylinder, at least during part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting system.
- the peripheral speed of the pulleys is increased faster than the peripheral speed of the output cylinder, so that the Entspannverzug is increased from a relatively low value during the starting phase to the value which is provided during normal operation.
- control and / or regulating unit is designed to change the tensioning distortion at least during a part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting system in proportion to the change in the circumferential speed of the output cylinder. In other words, it would therefore make sense to increase or reduce the Anspannverzug only if the peripheral speed of the output cylinder changes.
- control and / or regulating unit is designed to change the Anspannverzug at least during part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting system in dependence on the peripheral speed of the output cylinder, wherein the change is preferably carried out on the basis of a mathematical model.
- calculation models can be stored with which can be the acceleration of the output cylinder and the pulleys during the start phase or their speed reduction during the stop phase determine.
- the models can also be based on data from a database, wherein the data preferably contain one or more, preferably empirically determined, characteristic parameters of the fiber association. These include, for example, the type and composition of the fiber dressing or the desired tape adhesion.
- parameters of the textile machine or the desired stretching process should be taken into account, wherein z.
- the main delay, the peripheral speed of the input, middle and / or output cylinder, and thus the delivery speed of the drafting system, and / or the total delay can be included in the respective calculations.
- an individual calculation of the individual sizes can also be omitted.
- databases could be stored for this purpose, so that the correct adaptation of the tension draft and / or the total distortion is automatically available when entering fiber-belt characteristic parameters and can be taken into account by the control and / or regulating unit in regulating the respective parameters of the stretching process.
- the control and / or regulating unit is formed, at least during part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting the drafting device delay, in particular by changing the main delay and preferably in dependence of the peripheral speed of the output cylinder and / or change the peripheral speed of the pulley.
- the drafting distortion is preferably at the peripheral speed of the output cylinder tuned to realize throughout the operation of the drafting system as constant as possible overall distortion.
- the drawbar draft is not constant during the start and stop phases in this case. Rather, it is preferable to make a gradual reduction during the starting phase and a gradual increase during the stopping phase.
- control and / or regulating unit is designed to increase the drafting device delay, in particular by changing the main draft, at least during part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting system and at the same time to reduce the tensioning distortion or drafting draft to reduce and at the same time to increase the tensioning distortion.
- the total delay it is possible to keep the total delay as constant as possible, it being generally stated at this point for the entire description that the increase or decrease of the tensioning distortion and / or the drafting distortion (or the main delay), and in particular the increase or decrease of the peripheral speeds of input, middle, and / or output cylinder and / or the pulleys can be linear (of course, a non-linear regulation of said distortions or peripheral speeds is conceivable).
- control and / or regulating unit is designed to regulate the Entspannverzug and drafting draft, in particular by changing the main draft, at least during part of the start and / or stop phase of the drafting such that the total delay remains constant or at least not more than 5%, preferably not more than 3%, more preferably not more than 2% deviates from a desired value, which is predetermined for the prevailing between the start and stop phase normal operation of the drafting system.
- the total delay thus preferably remains constant or at least almost during the entire stretching process (start phase normal operation stop phase) constant, so that a non-woven fabric can be produced with high uniformity and, above all, with as uniform a band adhesion as possible.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the tensioning distortion is changed during operation of the drafting system, at least during a part of a start and / or stop phase thereof.
- the changes should be such that the total delay remains constant or at least not more than 5%, preferably not more than 3%, more preferably not more than 2% deviates from a desired value, which is predetermined for the prevailing between the start and stop phase normal operation of the drafting system.
- the drafting distortion is increased when the Entspannverzug is reduced, or that the drafting distortion is reduced when the Entspannverzug is increased.
- FIG. 1 shows in a side view schematically and as an example of a textile machine 11 according to the invention a stretch for stretching (equal) of a strand-like fiber composite 2.
- the fiber structure 2 eg., In the form of slivers
- the trigger assembly of a or several so-called sliver cans 16 by means of a trigger assembly of a or several so-called sliver cans 16 and taken over corresponding deflections 18 the respective drafting 1 of the route (or in the case of a multi-head section: the drafting 1 of the route) supplied.
- the drafting system 1 usually consists of three or more pairs of rollers, which may each comprise at least one lower roller and a top roller.
- the desired distortion of the fiber composite 2 finally arises in that the individual cylindrical lower rollers and thus also the individual, in contact with these, upper rollers, in the transport direction shown T of the fiber composite 2 have an increasingly higher peripheral speed.
- the drafting 1 in the embodiments shown lower rollers in the form of an input cylinder 7, a central cylinder 10 and an output cylinder 8.
- the individual cylinders 7, 8, 10 are in turn with one or more mating cylinders 12 in contact, so that the fiber bandage 2 can be performed by clamping.
- By increasing in the transport direction peripheral speeds of said cylinders 7, 8, 10 finally takes a stretching and thus a uniformity of the fiber composite. 2
- the nonwoven fabric 17 After passing through the compressor 4, the nonwoven fabric 17 then passes into the region of a take-off device 5, which generally comprises a plurality of rotatable or at least partially driven take-off elements, for example in the form of two take-off disks 9 contacting the nonwoven fabric 17 from two sides.
- the take-off device 5 causes by a correspondingly high conveying speed a further delay and thus an increase in the tensile strength of the nonwoven fabric 17.
- the nonwoven fabric 17 is usually fed to a rotating turntable 15 and stored by this looped into a provided sliver can 16.
- the schematic shows the course of the fiber portions 21 of the fiber web 17 during normal operation of the drafting system 1, the fiber sections 21 reach more or less parallel Lanes in the compressor 4 and finally bounce against the bottom portion 22 (the compressor 4 is therefore often called "baffle").
- the fiber sections 21 of the fiber web 17 thus exit at high speed from the clamping zone of the output cylinder 8 and its counter-cylinder 12 and bounce without significant change in direction on the bottom portion 22, ie the Verwirbelungszone, the compressor 4.
- the subsequent direction reversal and the further transport in the direction of Passage opening 13 put the fiber portions 21 from the edge region of the nonwoven fabric 17 a significantly longer path, as the fiber portions 21 from the central region of the fiber web 17.
- the fiber portions 21 from the central region of the fiber web 17. When impacting the fiber portions 21, they are therefore inter-fluidized. This results in the nonwoven fabric 17, a desired additional tensile strength, which is usually referred to as "Bahdhaftung".
- the fiber sections 21 are resulted in a more uniform and less swirled than in normal operation II of the drafting system 1. This eventually leads to the fact that due to the lack of turbulence, a nonwoven fabric 17 is formed with significantly less tape adhesion.
- the Anspannverzug A is increased during the start phase I from an initial value to a final value corresponding to the desired during normal operation II of the drafting 1 value (the increase of the Anspannverzugs A preferably takes place in that the peripheral speed the pulley 9 is increased faster than the peripheral speed of the output cylinder 8). Since the Anspannverzug A is defined as the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the output cylinder 8 and pulley 9, means a lower Anspannverzug A slower removal of the fibrous web 17 from the compressor 4. The fibrous web 17 is thus compressed within the compressor 4 so to speak, so that in FIG. 3 shown flow pattern to the in FIG. 2 shown can be approximated.
- FIG. 4 pointed out that this only schematically shows the course of drafting distortion S (or main distortion H), Anspannverzug A, delivery speed L of the output cylinder 8 and total delay G over time t. Statements about the amounts of the respective changes FIG. 4 However not. Likewise, the changes shown do not have to be linear, so that changes are possible that follow a non-linear function.
- the pulleys 9, or at least one of preferably two pulleys 9, are driven by means of a drive 6, which is designed as a single drive.
- the Anspannverzug A can be adjusted by changing the speed of the drive 6 at any time, the drive 6 for this purpose preferably with a in FIG. 1 should be connected to indicated control and / or regulating unit 3.
- the Figures 5 and 6 It can be seen that it can be advantageous if the axes of rotation 14 (for reasons of clarity, only one of the axes of rotation generally indicated by a cross are provided with a reference numeral) of the pulleys 9 and / or the axis of rotation 14 of the pulley (s) 9 driving drive 6 skewed to at least one axis of rotation 14 of said cylinders 7, 8, 10, 12 of the drafting 1 run. It is conceivable, for example, that the axes of rotation 14 of said drive 6 and / or the pulleys 9 in the in FIG. 5 shown side view perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the cylinder 7, 8, 10, 12 of the drafting 1 run.
- a textile machine 11 or a method for its operation is proposed, in which the total distortion G remains constant despite variable tension distortion A, so that a uniform distortion of the fiber structure 2 is made possible with optimum adhesion to the belt.
- the input cylinder 7, which Central cylinder 10 and / or the output cylinder 8 are equipped with corresponding individual drives, as for example in FIG. 6 is indicated (the input cylinder 7 and the central cylinder 10 are in this case via corresponding belt 20 with a drive designed as a double shaft motor 6 in combination, so that the pre-delay is always constant).
- FIG. 5 shows a placed after the pulleys 9 sensor 19, which in turn may be in communication with said control and / or regulating unit 3, and may be configured to detect the speed of the nonwoven fabric 17.
- the textile machine 11 in this case has a sensor 19, with the help of which can be determined at a known sliver speed at the output of the drafting system 1, the Anspannverzug A.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013113308.8A DE102013113308A1 (de) | 2013-12-02 | 2013-12-02 | Textilmaschine mit variablem Anspannverzug |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2878717A1 EP2878717A1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2878717B1 true EP2878717B1 (de) | 2018-01-31 |
Family
ID=51999338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14195661.5A Active EP2878717B1 (de) | 2013-12-02 | 2014-12-01 | Textilmaschine mit variablem anspannverzug |
Country Status (7)
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113979210A (zh) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-28 | 张家港市华益纺织有限公司 | 一种纺织用复合纱线自动化卷绕装置 |
DE102022116504A1 (de) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Regulierstrecke, Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Regulierstrecke sowie Verfahren zum Umrüsten einer Regulierstrecke |
DE102023102531A1 (de) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine |
Family Cites Families (34)
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CH546285A (de) * | 1971-12-22 | 1974-02-28 | Zellweger Uster Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung des fuellungsgrades von bandspeichern in der textilindustrie, insbesondere in spinnerei. |
DE2941612A1 (de) * | 1979-10-13 | 1981-04-23 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh, 7333 Ebersbach | Strecke |
US5272790A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1993-12-28 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Maintaining a predetermined quality of sliver in a card and/or drawframe |
US5248925A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1993-09-28 | Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. | Drafting arrangement with feedback drive groups |
DE59010914D1 (de) * | 1989-08-11 | 2000-11-16 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Streckwerk mit vermaschter Regelung |
CH683535A5 (de) * | 1990-07-13 | 1994-03-31 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Streckwerkantrieb. |
WO1992005301A1 (de) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-04-02 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Streckwerkantrieb mit geregeltem lieferzylinder |
DE59107714D1 (de) * | 1990-09-26 | 1996-05-30 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Verfahren zur Korrektur eines ermittelten Messsignals zur Masse eines Faserbandes an einem Regulierstreckwerk für Faserbänder mit einem Auslaufmessorgan |
DE4119404A1 (de) * | 1991-06-10 | 1992-12-17 | Grossenhainer Textilmaschinen | Strecke oder dergleichen |
CH685164A5 (de) * | 1992-03-05 | 1995-04-13 | Zellweger Uster Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Verzugs eines Streckwerks. |
GB9314538D0 (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1993-08-25 | Carding Spec Canada | Carding/drafting leveller system |
DE4441067A1 (de) | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-22 | Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg | Regulierstreckwerk für Faserbänder an einer Strecke mit einem Einlaufmeßorgan |
DE9320794U1 (de) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-02-16 | Trützschler GmbH & Co KG, 41199 Mönchengladbach | Regulierstreckwerk für Faserbänder an einer Strecke mit einem Einlaufmeßorgan |
DE4428474A1 (de) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-02-15 | Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ablegen eines Textilfaserbandes in einem Faserbandbehälter, insbesondere an einer Strecke |
JP3480079B2 (ja) * | 1994-10-24 | 2003-12-15 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 紡機の始動方法及び始動制御装置 |
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DE19822886B4 (de) * | 1997-07-01 | 2007-03-29 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Regulierstreckwerk für einen Faserverband, z. B. Baumwolle, Chemiefasern o. dgl. mit mindestens einem Verzugsfeld |
TR200000962T2 (tr) * | 1997-09-01 | 2001-07-23 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Ayarlı çekme tertibatı. |
IT1302166B1 (it) * | 1997-09-17 | 2000-07-31 | Truetzschler & Co | Dispositivo su uno striratoio per la misura di una nastro di fibrecomposito formato da nastri di fibre |
DE19906139B4 (de) * | 1999-02-13 | 2008-01-10 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Regulierstreckwerk für einen Faserverband, z. B. Baumwolle, Chemiefasern o. dgl., mit mindestens einem Verzugsfeld |
DE19925271B4 (de) | 1999-06-02 | 2012-07-12 | Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Streckwerk für eine Spinnereimaschine, insbesondere eine Regulierstrecke für Baumwolle, Chemiefasern u. dgl. |
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DE10060227A1 (de) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-13 | Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg | Vorrichtung am Ausgang einer Strecke zur Erfassung des Fasergutes |
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DE102005033180B4 (de) * | 2005-07-13 | 2020-03-12 | Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Erfassen eines Parameters an mehreren, einem Streckwerk einer Spinnereimaschine zugeführten Faserbändern |
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DE102006029639B4 (de) * | 2006-06-28 | 2018-04-12 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung des Verzugs eines Streckwerks einer Textilmaschine sowie Textilmaschine |
CN103305982A (zh) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-18 | 扬州鸿天机械有限公司 | 一种并条机 |
-
2013
- 2013-12-02 DE DE102013113308.8A patent/DE102013113308A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-11-25 BR BR102014029389A patent/BR102014029389B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-25 IN IN3412DE2014 patent/IN2014DE03412A/en unknown
- 2014-11-28 CN CN201410701394.3A patent/CN104674392B/zh active Active
- 2014-12-01 EP EP14195661.5A patent/EP2878717B1/de active Active
- 2014-12-02 TW TW103141801A patent/TWI570289B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-12-02 US US14/557,986 patent/US9873960B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104674392B (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
TW201536972A (zh) | 2015-10-01 |
US9873960B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
BR102014029389B1 (pt) | 2021-10-26 |
US20150152575A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
IN2014DE03412A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 2015-08-21 |
TWI570289B (zh) | 2017-02-11 |
EP2878717A1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
BR102014029389B8 (pt) | 2022-07-12 |
DE102013113308A1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
BR102014029389A2 (pt) | 2016-08-23 |
CN104674392A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
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