EP2778523B1 - Dispositif de traitement d'impuretés - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement d'impuretés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2778523B1
EP2778523B1 EP14000796.4A EP14000796A EP2778523B1 EP 2778523 B1 EP2778523 B1 EP 2778523B1 EP 14000796 A EP14000796 A EP 14000796A EP 2778523 B1 EP2778523 B1 EP 2778523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slag
grate
air
processing
processing device
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14000796.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2778523A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Brennwald
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Priority to EP14000796.4A priority Critical patent/EP2778523B1/fr
Publication of EP2778523A1 publication Critical patent/EP2778523A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/02—Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyors, by employing suction devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a slag treatment apparatus for treating slag from a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the treatment of slag by means of said slag processing apparatus.
  • the present invention relates to a slag processing grid for the production and treatment of slag in a slag conditioning apparatus.
  • Grates for incinerators are the expert from about EP-A-0 924 464 known which a method for. Cooling of such a grate with successively arranged, partially overlapping grate bars concerns. In this case, air is supplied by means of supply lines in a channel system arranged in the grate bars, which is finally guided through openings in the combustion chamber.
  • a de-scaling device which conventionally comprises an intake shaft through which the slag falls from the combustion chamber into a tank filled with water.
  • the slag is generally discharged by means of a pushrod or a discharge chain on a Ausschubschurre or Ausschubbahn, from where they can be transported in deponierschreiber form.
  • DE-A-2539615 describes a slagger comprising a water-filled sheet pan into which a waste slag chute opens and on the curved bottom of a discharge piston is reciprocable, the slag discharged in the tub overshoots a rising discharge chute.
  • Another deslagging apparatus in which at the end of a firing grate a substantially vertically arranged slag shaft opens above a slag tank provided with a water filling with an obliquely rising outfeed path, becomes approximately in EP-A-0363645 disclosed.
  • the fine fraction is subjected to suitable separation in the first place.
  • suitable separation in the case of iron this can be recovered about by means of magnetic separation.
  • EP-A-1882529 describes a method for separating residues from a thermal waste treatment, in which the residues are conveyed in cascade in webs and intermediate free falling sections over at least one step down, wherein the fine fraction is discharged by a gas flow.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide a simple and low-maintenance apparatus for the treatment of dry slag available, which allows optimal combustion of the slag and a cooling of the same to the desired temperature and further a separation of the slag into at least one fine fraction and a Coarse fraction allows without affecting the energy balance in the furnace.
  • the slag processing device comprises a slag processing space in which slag from the combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant, in particular whose burn-out zone, treated, that is primarily cooled to the desired temperature, is.
  • the slag processing device is therefore generally not included in the combustion chamber, but generally constitutes a separate device arranged downstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the treatment of the slag carried out in this device does not correspond to afterburning carried out in the combustion chamber. Nonetheless, the slag entering the slag processing room may still contain isolated combustible components.
  • the slag processing room comprises a slag inlet for introducing slag into the interior of the slag processing room.
  • the slag inlet may be in the form of a shaft through which the slag discharged from the burn-up zone passes into the interior of the slag processing space.
  • the slag processing space adjoins directly to the firebox, that is, that the lower boundary of the firebox and the lower boundary of the slag processing space lie in the same plane.
  • the term "slag inlet" also generally includes the transition between the firebox and slag processing room.
  • a slag outlet for discharging slag from inside the slag processing room.
  • This may be in the form of a shaft over which slag processed in the slag processing space is dumped into a sump.
  • the slag processing room further comprises a slag processing grid for cooling slag and for conveying it in the direction from the slag inlet to the slag outlet.
  • a slag processing grid for cooling slag and for conveying it in the direction from the slag inlet to the slag outlet.
  • a Schlackeaufleungsrost be used, the configuration of which corresponds to that of a known combustion grate.
  • a slag processing grid with known grate blocks can be used. Conceivable in this respect, however, are grate plates, in particular grate plates extending over the entire width of the slag processing grid, or grate bars.
  • the grate comprises water-cooled grate elements.
  • Corresponding water-cooled grate elements are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • openings are present in the end region of the slag processing grid facing the slag outlet, in which openings are also excluded in the area facing the slag inlet or along the entire extent of the slag processing grid are arranged.
  • slag parts of corresponding size i. at least one fine fraction
  • larger sized slag portions i. the coarse fraction
  • the present slag discharge apparatus further fundamentally differs from known apparatuses and methods in which all the slag is exposed to a single slag discharge duct a single slag pan is supplied, as in the in the DE-C-959 399 or the EP-A-0363645 disclosed devices is the case.
  • the slag processing grid has at least partially distributed air feeds over its entire width for the controlled supply of air to the slag, it can be ensured according to the invention that the slag is cooled to the desired temperature and any still combustible constituents are ignited in the slag without Uncontrolled (false) air entering the combustion chamber at too low a temperature would adversely affect the energy balance in the combustion chamber.
  • the term "at least regionally" means that the grate can have air inlets over its entire length (i.e. over its entire extent in the conveying direction) or only in a region thereof.
  • the at least one fine fraction passes from the slag processing space via the openings into the fine slag discharge space, while the coarse fraction is conveyed to the slag outlet through which it passes into the coarse slag discharge space.
  • the mean particle size of the at least one fine fraction is less than the mean particle size of the coarse fraction.
  • average particle size refers to the respective smallest extent of the individual particles on average.
  • the maximum particle size of the slag constituents contained in the fine fraction can be adjusted by the extent of the openings.
  • the coarse fraction differs from the fine fraction in that the coarse fraction has slag constituents having a particle size of at least 200 mm, preferably at least 300 mm, more preferably at least 400 mm.
  • the "smallest particle size" is the smallest expansion of the individual particles.
  • the fine slag discharge room may be divided into separate fine slag discharge room compartments arranged one after the other.
  • the respective Feinschlackeaustragsraumsabmaschine in the conveying direction are successively determined for a fine fraction having a larger average particle size than the respective Feinschlackeaustragsraumsabteil.
  • Said Feinschlackeaustragsstoffabmaschine may be present in the form of successively arranged in the direction of funnels.
  • the fine slag discharge space is associated with fine slag discharge means and coarse slag discharge space is associated with coarse slag discharge means, and the fine slag discharge means and coarse slag discharge means are designed to discharge the slag present in the respective space substantially airtight to the outside. Therefore It is ensured that, except for the air supplied in a controlled manner via the air supply lines, no (false) air can reach the slag conditioning device or the combustion chamber.
  • the present invention is directed to the discharge of dry slag.
  • the fine slag discharge means and / or the coarse slag discharge means are designed to discharge the slag in a substantially dry state.
  • they differ fundamentally from those in the DE-A-2539615 , the EP-A-0363645 and the DE-C-959 399 disclosed slag discharge systems in which the slag is taken up in a water filling and extinguished.
  • the fine slag discharge means and the coarse slag discharge means form a sluice.
  • the fine slag discharge means in the form of shut-off devices, such as gate valves or butterfly valves, which can be actuated at different times.
  • shut-off devices such as gate valves or butterfly valves
  • a lock chamber can be enclosed, into which the fine slag is introduced when the first shut-off device is open and the second shut-off device is closed and can be executed when the first shut-off device and the second shut-off device are open.
  • evacuation means for at least partial evacuation of the lock chamber with simultaneously closed shut-off devices. This allows the opening of the corresponding one Shut-off device to remove air from outside into said lock space and thus prevent it from entering the slag processing room.
  • the coarse slag discharge means preferably also form a lock.
  • the slag inlet relative to the combustion chamber is airtight lockable.
  • a shut-off may be indicated, for example, when it is feared that the processes in the slag processing room would adversely affect the processes in the firebox and vice versa in any way, be it that an excess of air could get from the slag processing room into the firebox, be that too much heat radiates from the firebox into the slag processing room. Due to the lockable slag inlet, these impairments can thus be minimized or even eliminated.
  • At least a part of the openings is formed in each case by a gap present between two spaced-apart grate elements.
  • the grate elements are arranged such that they rest on the front side on the respective downstream in the conveying direction grate element.
  • the openings are defined only by gaps formed between two widthwise spaced grate elements.
  • width direction is understood to mean the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the grate. Accordingly, the “width of the grate” refers to the extent of the grate transverse to the direction of conveyance.
  • the grate elements are spaced apart by at most 400 mm, more preferably by at most 300 mm, most preferably by at most 200 mm. Depending on the type or particle size distribution of the coarse fraction and the fine fraction but also other distances or other gap widths are conceivable.
  • the spaced apart grate elements are at least 5 mm apart, more preferably at least 10 mm, most preferably at least 20 mm apart.
  • the openings formed by the corresponding gap according to this embodiment are sufficiently large to achieve a high yield of separated fine slag.
  • the slag processing grid has openings with different cross-sectional areas, the expansion of the cross-sectional area of the openings increasing in the conveying direction.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to successively transfer several fine fractions of increasing average particle size in the Feinschlackeaustragsraum.
  • particles with a particularly low mean particle size, in particular sand are removed early from the slag processing grid.
  • the thickness of this layer of sand can be minimized or even eliminated, whereby the contact of the other slag parts with the Schlackeaufleungsrost and ultimately the cooling of these slag parts is improved.
  • the fine slag discharge space is divided into separate Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine, wherein the respective Feinschlackeaustragsraumsabmaschine viewed in the conveying direction successively determined for a fine fraction having a larger average particle size than the previous one Feinschlackeaustragsraumsabteil.
  • the sand removed separately from the slag processing grid can also be discharged separately from the slag conditioning apparatus from the fine fraction (s) having a larger average particle size.
  • the present invention additionally relates to a slag processing grid for the conveying and processing of slag comprising a plurality of grate elements arranged in a staircase manner in the conveying direction and thus forming grate steps.
  • the body of these grate elements has a top wall forming a support surface and a front wall viewed in the conveying direction of the grate.
  • the slag processing grid has openings for connecting a slag processing room to a slag discharge room in an end area intended to face a slag outlet.
  • the apertures are configured to eject at least a fine fraction of the slag through the apertures into the fine slag discharge space.
  • the upper wall and / or the front wall of the grate elements has a plurality of air ducts for the controlled supply of air to the garbage or slag.
  • the air supply lines are divided into at least two groups, wherein the air supply lines of the first group is connected to a first air line for supplying a first amount of air and the air supply lines of the second group is connected to a second air line for supplying a second amount of air.
  • the first quantity of air differs from the second quantity of air.
  • the air ducts are designed to conduct different amounts of air to the different air supply lines.
  • the air ducts are each in the form of a separate duct system assigned to the respective group of air ducts or form part of such duct system
  • a duct system may comprise, for example, an air distributor bar, from which individual air ducts branch off and lead to the air supply lines of the respective group.
  • At least one part of the air lines is assigned at least one actuator for controlling the air flow.
  • actuators are usually in the form of known in the art flaps, valves or valves.
  • the grate of the present invention allows not only to respond to the differences across the length but also to the width differences.
  • the required at the respective location for the cooling or the improved burnout of the slag air flow can be optimally adjusted.
  • the air feeders are designed such that the air can be supplied controlled, they differ from conventional air ducts of a combustion grate, in which large amounts of primary air for combustion via a simple construction of funnels and entering into this air ducts are to be introduced into the combustion chamber, whereby only one low distribution of air is possible.
  • the air supply lines of the inventive grate differ completely fundamental of the air supply of a grate firing feeder located in front of the actual combustion grate, as it is approximately in DE 39 41 750 is described, which have primarily the goal to dry the feed.
  • the grate elements are in the form of grate blocks, wherein a plurality of grate blocks juxtaposed over the width of the grate each form a grate step. It is also conceivable that the grate elements are in the form of grate plates, in particular in the form of over the entire width of the grate extending grate plates, or grate bars.
  • the grate elements of a single grate stage have air feeds of only a single group.
  • a single grate stage or its grate element (s) has air supply of different groups.
  • the air ducts are in the form of air ducts with corresponding, spaced-apart orifices.
  • At least a part of the air inlets present in a grate stage is arranged in a straight line running transversely to the conveying direction.
  • a very accurate distribution of the introduced amount of air to the respective areas of Verschubrosts can be achieved, for example, if there are 5 to 30 air supply per grate stage.
  • the grate according to the invention constitutes a grate for the slag processing device described above.
  • the present invention on the one hand allows at least one fine fraction to be separated from a coarse fraction before the latter is discharged from the slag processing space and, on the other hand, to optimally cool the slag in the slag processing space.
  • the present invention thus also relates to the use of the above-described grate for separating at least one fine fraction of the slag from a coarse fraction of the slag and for cooling the slag.
  • the process is primarily directed to the discharge of dry slag.
  • the fine fraction and / or the coarse fraction are thus discharged from the slag processing device in a substantially dry state.
  • the waste incineration plant comprises a combustion chamber 2, which is preceded by a refuse hopper 4 with a subsequent refuse shaft 6, which is connected via a firebox inlet 8 to the combustion chamber 2.
  • the combustion chamber 2 comprises a combustion grate 10 in the form of a feed grate forming its lower boundary.
  • the combustion grate 10 is divided into four combustion grate sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, each of which is associated with two push-pull actuatable drives 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d. (Of these two drives is in Fig. 1 only one shown.)
  • the first three Verbrennungsrostabroughe 10a, 10b, 10c viewed in the conveying direction F in the same, slightly inclined in the conveying direction down plane, while the fourth feed grate portion 10d down and offset according to the shown Embodiment is preferably arranged in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • All four combustion grate sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d each have an underwinding section 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d arranged below the corresponding section, into each of which a separate primary air line 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d opens and which is intended to convey primary air supply corresponding primary air ducts in the combustion grate 10 the fuel bed.
  • a slag discharge edge 18 with a slag discharge chute 20 adjoining it is arranged in the conveying direction F downstream of the fourth combustion grate section 10d.
  • the slag discharge chute 20 leads via a slag inlet 22 into the interior of a slag processing space 24 of a slag processing device 26.
  • the slag inlet 22 is assigned a sluice gate 28 which is designed such that it closes off the slag processing space 24 in an air-tight manner when needed.
  • the slag processing device 26 has a bottom of the slag processing space 24 forming slag processing grid 30 in the form of a feed grate, which is arranged in a horizontally extending plane and to which two push-pull actuators 32 zugordnet, wherein in Fig. 2 only a single drive is shown.
  • a fine slag discharge space 34 is arranged below the slag processing grid 30, arranged. The fine slag discharge space 34 is thus separated from the slag processing space 24 by the slag processing grid 30, but is connected to the latter by openings as will be detailed below.
  • the slag processing grid 30 has a first slag processing grid area 30a facing the slag inlet 22, in which the slag conditioning grid 30 has air feeders 36 distributed over its entire width.
  • these air ducts 36 are arranged in the embodiment shown in the foremost region of a present as a grate plate 44 grate element in two groups, the air supply lines of the first group 36 a along a straight line transverse to the conveying direction F are arranged side by side and the air feeds of the second group 36 b in a straight line parallel to the first straight line.
  • the air feeders 36 are connected to an air blower 38, from which a first air line 40a to a first, the first group 36a associated Air distributor bar 42a and a second air line 40b branches off to a second, the second group 36b associated air distributor bar 42b. Consequently, the air supply lines of the first group 36a and the air supply lines of the second group 36b are supplied with air in each case via a separate air distributor strip 42a or 42b. It is conceivable in this regard, however, that individual air inlets are supplied separately with air, in particular that each individual air supply is supplied separately with air.
  • the first air line 40a and the second air line 40b are each associated with an actuator 41a or 41b for controlling the air flow through the respective air line.
  • the air distribution strip 42a associated with the first group 36a is supplied with a first quantity of air
  • the air distribution strip 42b allocated to the second group 36b is supplied with a second quantity of air, wherein the first quantity of air differs from the second quantity of air.
  • the air manifold strips 42a, 42b respectively from individual air ducts 39a and 39b from which each open in one of the air feeds 36 of the first group 36a and the second group 36b.
  • These air ducts 39a, 39b are subdivided into a first section 391a or 391b extending from the air distribution strip to the grate plate 44, in which the air ducts 39 are in the form of air ducts, and a second section 392a or 392b, in which the air ducts pass through pass the grate plate 44.
  • the first slag processing grate area 30a closes in the in Fig. 4 shown embodiment in the conveying direction F on a second slag processing grate area 30b.
  • This has in said embodiment, no air supply, but is - as shown schematically in the figure - cooled by water.
  • the water is circulated in a circuit in which a heat exchanger 43 and a fan associated therewith 45 is present for cooling the water and the cooled water is passed by means of a pump 47 through corresponding cavities in Schlackeaufleungsrost 30 and back to the heat exchanger 43.
  • the grate plates 44 have a support surface forming a top wall 53 and a viewed in the conveying direction F of the grate front wall 55, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the air supply lines 36 are arranged in the upper wall or via the upper wall into the slag processing space 24 open. It is also conceivable that the openings in the front wall 55 are arranged.
  • a third slag processing grate area 30c adjoins in the conveying direction F.
  • the individual grate elements in the form of (also each having a top wall 53 'and a front wall 55' having) grate blocks 49 are formed, which in the width direction, i. are arranged transversely to the conveying direction F, spaced from each other, so that there is a gap between two grate blocks.
  • the gaps form the above-mentioned openings 46, via which the slag processing space 24 is connected to the fine slag discharge space 34.
  • the gap widths are larger than the gap widths of a second grate stage 48b arranged downstream of the first grate stage in the conveying direction F.
  • the gaps forming the openings is formed by the omission of only a portion of the respective grate block.
  • the fine slag discharge space 34 is formed in the form of a funnel 52.
  • the funnel neck 54 ie the narrowest region of the funnel, there are fine slag discharge means 50 in the form of two fine sludge stopper slides 51a, 51b arranged one above another, which in each case alternately release the passage 56 defined by the funnel neck 54 or close it airtight and thus form a sluice.
  • a conveyor belt 58 is arranged below the lower Feinschlackeabsperrschiebers 51b and in extension of the funnel neck 54.
  • a plurality of, each forming a Feinschlackeaustragsraumabteil funnel may be provided, which are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction F.
  • the fine slag discharge space 34 is designed in the form of a trough with a base arranged in a substantially horizontally extending plane.
  • two push rods 57a, 57b are provided, which can be moved back and forth along the bottom and each have a push plate (not shown) at the front. These push taps are designed to push the fine slag located at the bottom of the fine slag discharge space in the thrust direction.
  • a Feinschlackeabsperrschieber 51c is arranged, with which the pushrod form a lock.
  • a coarse slag discharge edge 60 is arranged in the conveying direction F downstream of the slag processing grid 30. Adjoining this is a slag outlet 62, which opens into a coarse slag discharge space 64.
  • the coarse slag discharge space 64 is in the in Fig. 1 or 2 embodiment shown in the form of a coarse slag discharge chute 66 formed.
  • the slag outlet 62 is in the in Fig. 1 and 2 shown embodiment a Grobschlackeabsperrschieber 68 assigned.
  • the passage defined by the latter can be released in a controlled manner by means of the coarse sludge sludge shifter 68.
  • the passage opens into a coarse slag collecting trough 70. This can be conveyed out of the coarse slag discharge space 64 with the coarse slag closure slide 68 closed via the door 72 provided for this purpose.
  • the Grobschlackeabsperrschieber 68 and the gate 72 form a lock.
  • the refuse is pushed by means of appropriate feed plunger 9 through the firebox inlet 8 into the firebox 2 or onto the firing grate 10, from where the refuse is conveyed in the direction of the firebox outlet 8 in the form of a firebox.
  • the waste passes through several combustion phases, namely a drying phase, an ignition phase, a main combustion phase and a burnout phase. Associated with these phases are respective zones on the combustion grate 10, ie, a drying zone, an ignition zone, a main combustion zone and a burnout zone which respectively communicate with the combustion sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d in FIG Fig. 1 correspond.
  • the waste passes into slag, which is pushed over the slag-throwing edge 18 and subsequently reaches the interior of the slag-preparing space 24 via the slag-throwing shaft 20 or the slag inlet 22.
  • the slag is conveyed toward the slag outlet 62 via the slag processing grid 30 and thereby cooled in the first slag processing grid area 30a by air supplied through the air feeders 36.
  • the flow velocity or the momentum of the air can be such be adapted to start these ingredients, thus contributing to an improved burnout and ultimately to an increased slag quality.
  • the slag is then further cooled by contact with the water-cooled grate plates 44 before entering the third slag processing grate area 30c.
  • the second Schlackeauflewungsrost Scheme 30b passages provide with relatively small cross-sectional area through which drain sand in the slag and thus can be removed from Schlackeaufletsrost 30 to the contact of the other slag parts with the Schlackeaufleungsrost 30 and ultimately the cooling of these slag parts to improve.
  • the slag is then conveyed through the third slag processing grate area 30c, through which openings slug parts of appropriate size, i. the fine fraction or fine slag falling from the slag processing room 24 into the fine slag discharge room 34, while slag parts of larger dimensions, i. the coarse fraction or coarse slag are conveyed to the outlet via the third slag processing area 30c and are pushed over the coarse slag discharge edge 60 in the direction of the coarse slag discharge space 64.
  • the air entering the coarse slag discharge space upon opening the door 72 can be removed from said space by appropriate means before the coarse sludge trap valve 68 transitions to the open state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de traitement de scories pour une installation d'incinération de déchets pour traiter des scories qui sont amenées d'une chambre de combustion (2) de l'installation d'incinération de déchets à ce dispositif de traitement de scories, comprenant une chambre de traitement des scories (24), qui comprend une entrée de scories (22) pour introduire des scories à l'intérieur de la chambre de traitement des scories (24),
    une sortie de scories (62), située à l'opposé de l'entrée de scories (22), pour décharger des scories de l'intérieur de la chambre de traitement des scories (24), et
    une grille de traitement de scories (30) pour le refroidissement des scories et pour le convoyage de celles-ci dans la direction de l'entrée de scories (22) vers la sortie de scories (62),
    caractérisé en ce que des ouvertures (46) sont présentes dans la zone d'extrémité, orientée vers la sortie de scories (62), de la grille de traitement de scories (30), au moyen desquelles la chambre de traitement des scories (24) est connectée à une chambre de décharge de scories fines (34), et qui sont arrangées de telle façon qu'au moins une fraction fine des scories est éjectée à travers les ouvertures (46) dans la chambre de décharge de scories fines (34),
    la sortie de scories (62) débouche dans une chambre de décharge de scories grossières (64) pour recevoir une fraction grossière de scories,
    et la grille de traitement de scories (30), au moins par endroits, comprend des amenées d'air (36) distribuées sur toute sa largeur pour contrôler l'amenée d'air vers les scories.
  2. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de décharge de scories fines (50) sont associés à la chambre de décharge de scories fines (34), et des moyens de décharge de scories grossières (73) sont associés à la chambre de décharge de scories grossières (64), et les moyens de décharge de scories fines (50) et les moyens de décharge de scories grossières (73) sont constitués de telle façon que les scories présentes dans les chambres respectives (34 ou 64) puissent être déchargées vers l'extérieur d'une manière essentiellement étanche à l'air.
  3. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de décharge de scories fines (50) respectivement les moyens de décharge de scories grossières (73) forment un sas.
  4. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des ouvertures (46) sont formées chaque fois par une fente qui est présente entre deux éléments de grille (49) espacés l'un de l'autre.
  5. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de grille (49) sont espacés les uns des autres d'au plus 400 mm, préférablement d'au plus 300 mm, de façon la plus préférée d'au plus 200 mm.
  6. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de grille (49) sont espacés les uns des autres d'au moins 5 mm, préférablement d'au moins 10 mm, de façon la plus préférée d'au moins 20 mm.
  7. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée de scories (22) peut être fermée par rapport à la chambre de combustion (2) de façon étanche à l'air.
  8. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la grille de traitement de scories (30) comprend des ouvertures (46) avec des surfaces de section transversale différentes, l'étendue des surfaces de section transversale des ouvertures (46) augmentant, vu dans la direction de convoyage .
  9. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les amenées d'air (36) sont constituées pour refroidir les scories et/ou attiser des matériaux qui sont encore combustibles dans les scories.
  10. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la grille de traitement de scories pour le convoyage et le traitement thermique de déchets ou pour le convoyage et le traitement de scories comprenant une multitude d'éléments de grille (44, 49), qui sont disposés les uns au-dessus des autres en forme d'escaliers dans la direction de convoyage et formant ainsi des marches de grille, avec un corps qui comprend une paroi supérieure (53 ou 53') formant une surface de support et, vu dans la direction de convoyage de la grille, une paroi frontale (55 ou 55'), caractérisé en ce que la paroi supérieure et/ou la paroi frontale des éléments de grille comprennent/comprend plusieurs amenées d'air (36) pour l'amenée d'air contrôlée aux déchets ou aux scories, et les amenées d'air sont divisées en au moins deux groupes (36a, 36b), les amenées d'air du premier groupe (36a) étant connectées à une première conduite d'air (40a) pour amener une première quantité d'air et les amenées d'air du second groupe (36b) étant connectées à une seconde conduite d'air (40b) pour amener une seconde quantité d'air.
  11. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon la revendication 10, la première quantité d'air étant différente de la seconde quantité d'air.
  12. Dispositif de traitement de scories selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de grille sont des blocs de grille (49) et plusieurs blocs de grille situés les uns à côté des autres sur la largeur de la grille de traitement de scories forment chaque fois une marche de grille (48a, 48b) .
  13. Utilisation d'un dispositif de traitement de scories comprenant une grille de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12 pour la séparation d'au moins une fraction fine des scories d'une fraction grossière de scories et pour le refroidissement des scories.
  14. Méthode pour le traitement des scories au moyen d'un dispositif de traitement de scories selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant les étapes:
    a) des scories de la chambre de combustion (2) de l'installation d'incinération de déchets sont introduites à l'intérieur de la chambre de traitement des scories (24) par l'entrée de scories (22),
    b) les scories sont refroidies au moyen de la grille de traitement de scories (30) en amenant de l'air au moyen des amenées d'air (36) de façon contrôlée, et les scories sont convoyées dans la direction de l'entrée de scories (22) vers la sortie de scories (62),
    c) la au moins une fraction fine des scories est éjectée dans la chambre de décharge de scories fines (34) à travers les ouvertures (46) présentes dans la zone d'extrémité, orientée vers la sortie de scories (62), de la grille de traitement de scories (30), et
    d) la fraction grossière de scories est reçue dans la chambre de décharge de scories grossières (64) au moyen de la sortie de scories (62).
EP14000796.4A 2013-03-14 2014-03-05 Dispositif de traitement d'impuretés Active EP2778523B1 (fr)

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CN103925602B (zh) * 2014-04-22 2017-12-08 华电能源股份有限公司哈尔滨第三发电厂 采用燃煤锅炉间断干排渣系统进行排渣的方法
CN104534489B (zh) * 2014-12-30 2017-08-25 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种锅炉落灰管自动通灰冲洗装置
CA2919936C (fr) 2015-02-10 2023-06-27 Hitachi Zosen Inova Ag Methode de refroidissement de residus solides d'un procede de combustion
PT3252377T (pt) * 2016-05-30 2020-06-02 Martin Gmbh Fuer Umwelt Und Energietechnik Método para o tratamento de escória de um dispositivo de combustão
US10309648B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-06-04 General Electric Company System and method for active cooling of a grate bar for an incinerator of a waste-to-energy plant
CN111964038A (zh) * 2020-07-08 2020-11-20 福建绿洲固体废物处置有限公司 一种破碎燃烧一体化的燃烧炉

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