EP3194849B1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement de scories produites dans une chambre de combustion d'un incinérateur de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement de scories produites dans une chambre de combustion d'un incinérateur de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3194849B1
EP3194849B1 EP15734167.8A EP15734167A EP3194849B1 EP 3194849 B1 EP3194849 B1 EP 3194849B1 EP 15734167 A EP15734167 A EP 15734167A EP 3194849 B1 EP3194849 B1 EP 3194849B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
slag
openings
fine
incineration
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15734167.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3194849A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Brennwald
Volker WIESENDORF
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Innova AG filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Priority to PL15734167T priority Critical patent/PL3194849T3/pl
Publication of EP3194849A1 publication Critical patent/EP3194849A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/02—Inclined or stepped grates with fixed bars
    • F23H7/04—Inclined or stepped grates with fixed bars in parallel disposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/003—Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling
    • F27D15/0206—Cooling with means to convey the charge
    • F27D15/0213—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
    • F27D15/022—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate grate plates
    • F27D2015/0233—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate grate plates with gas, e.g. air, supply to the grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling
    • F27D15/0206—Cooling with means to convey the charge
    • F27D15/0213—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
    • F27D2015/0246—Combination of fixed and movable grates
    • F27D2015/0253—Gradin grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for treating slag arising in a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and a combustion grate for carrying out the method.
  • the invention further relates to a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant containing such a combustion grate.
  • a de-scaling device which as a rule comprises an intake shaft through which the slag from the combustion chamber falls into a tank filled with water. From this, the discharged slag is usually encountered by means of a pushrod or a discharge chain on a Ausschubschurre or Ausschubbahn, from where they can be transported in deponiercopyer form.
  • DE-A-2539615 describes a slagger comprising a water-filled sheet pan, into which a waste slag chute opens and on the curved bottom of which a discharge plunger is reciprocable, which pushes the slag extinguished in the tub over a rising Ausschubschurre.
  • a fine fraction of the slag is subjected to suitable separation in the first place.
  • suitable separation in the case of iron this can be recovered about by means of magnetic separation.
  • EP-A-2128279 proposed a method in which slag is divided into fractions, followed by pre-separation in which iron-containing fractions are separated, and another separation in which non-ferrous metal fractions are separated, keeping the slag in a dry state .
  • EP-A-2 128 279 proposed to arrange the appropriate separation device in close proximity to the outlet of the furnace.
  • a method for collecting high value content ash constituents is disclosed in US Pat JP 2003286522 described.
  • a combustion grate is used, which has combustion air estuaries, through the ashes can fall through and is collected in a hopper.
  • "porosity" of the combustion grate is thus set the amount of air entering the combustion chamber, which is disadvantageous in terms of an optimal energy balance.
  • technology of the ejection of the ash by the over the combustion air outlets in the opposite direction into the combustion chamber air flowing obstructed is disclosed in US Pat JP 2003286522 described.
  • the method should be compatible with the design of conventional grate systems.
  • the invention thus relates to a method for processing incurred in a furnace of a waste incineration plant slag, which is created by the fact that the waste to be incinerated burned on a combustion grate and thereby conveyed towards a purger.
  • the combustion grate is now designed as a separating grate, at least in its end region facing the deslagging device, ie, before the deslagging device.
  • This separation grate has openings over which the firebox is connected to a Feinschlackeaustragsraum.
  • At least one fine fraction of the slag is discharged through the openings into the fine slag discharge space and discharged to the outside in a substantially dry state.
  • the remaining coarse fraction is fed to the slagger.
  • the mean particle size of the at least one fine fraction is less than the average particle size of the coarse fraction.
  • the separation grate has at least partially distributed over its entire width air supply, via the controlled air is supplied to the slag.
  • the air inlets are decoupled from the provided for the discharge of the fine fraction openings and formed separately.
  • outward in this context refers to the outside space of the incinerator of the incinerator including the firebox, the fineslip discharge space and the de-scaling apparatus, as well as the refuse supply and the primary air supply.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that the combustion grate in the furnace of the waste incineration plant can not only be used for combustion and promotion of the solid, but can also act as separation grate in the presence of appropriate openings, on which at least one already in the stage of burnout Fine fraction of slag can be separated.
  • the separation grate thus has the function of a sieve, by means of which a pre-separation of at least one fine fraction is carried out, which can then be subjected in a later step to a further separation for obtaining reusable materials.
  • slag parts of corresponding size i. at least one fine fraction
  • the remaining larger sized slag pieces i. the coarse fraction
  • the corresponding separation devices - such as an eddy current separation device or a separation table - can be supplied.
  • the fine fraction obtainable according to the invention is of particular relevance with regard to the recovery of reusable materials. Since it only comprises slag constituents with a relatively small particle size, the fine fraction is usually almost completely burned out.
  • the slagger to which a coarse fraction is fed may be associated with, for example, a slag processing grid for further processing the slag constituents contained therein, which may be due to the fact that there may still be lumps of combustible material in the coarse fraction can, is of particular relevance.
  • a corresponding slag processing grid or a corresponding slag processing device is described in the European patent application no. 14,000 796.4 (Publication No. EP-A-2778523 ), the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible, starting from the design of existing waste incineration plants, to separate off a fine fraction by means of relatively simple adjustments, from which reusable materials can subsequently be recovered, without the need for elaborate drying steps. Since the fine fraction is dropped and thus usually separated only by gravity from the coarse fraction remaining on the separation grate, no additional separation steps, such as an additional screening, are required, which further contributes to the efficiency of the process.
  • the combustion grate, and in particular the separating grate comprises grate elements cooled by means of water or air.
  • grate elements cooled by means of water or air.
  • Corresponding water- or air-cooled grate elements are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Air-cooled grate elements are particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the separation grate has at least in some areas distributed over its entire width air supply lines over which controlled air is supplied to the slag.
  • the regulation and distribution of the air quantity does not take place via the openings provided for the discharge of the fine fraction. Rather, the air supply lines are decoupled from the provided for the discharge of the fine fraction openings and formed separately. If corresponding distribution devices for the air supply lines are present, they too are usually decoupled from the openings provided for the discharge of the fine fraction and formed separately.
  • the process according to the invention and the combustion grate according to the invention thus differ fundamentally from the process or from the grate according to EP-A-0446888 , in in which the air supply serves at the same time as a collecting channel for the ash falling through the grid.
  • An inventive decoupling or separate design of the air supply from the provided for the discharge of the fine fraction openings is also in the in the US 4,838,183 and JP 2003286522 did not disclose devices and methods.
  • the average particle size of the at least one fine fraction is less than the average particle size of the coarse fraction.
  • average particle size refers to the respective smallest extent of the individual particles on average.
  • the maximum particle size of the slag constituents contained in the fine fraction can be adjusted by the extent of the openings.
  • the coarse fraction differs from the fine fraction in that the coarse fraction has slag constituents having a particle size greater than 5 mm, preferably greater than 8 mm, more preferably greater than 10 mm, and most preferably greater than 12 mm.
  • the "smallest particle size" is the smallest expansion of the individual particles.
  • the coarse fraction in addition to the slag constituents with the mentioned particle sizes, may also include slag constituents with a smaller particle size.
  • the fine fraction is free from slag constituents having a particle size greater than 12 mm, preferably free from slag constituents having a particle size greater than 10 mm, more preferably free from slag constituents having a particle size greater than 8 mm and most preferably free from slag constituents than 5 mm.
  • the Feinschlackeaustragsraum can be divided into separate, successively arranged Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine.
  • the respective Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine considered in the conveying direction successively for a fine fraction with a larger average particle size determined than the previous Feinschlackeaustragsraumabteil.
  • Said Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine can be present approximately in the form of successively arranged in the conveying direction funnels.
  • the fine slag discharge space is assigned with fine slag discharge means, which is designed to remove the slag fine fraction, i. the fine slag, substantially airtight to the outside, i. from the fine slag discharge room to discharge.
  • fine slag discharge means which is designed to remove the slag fine fraction, i. the fine slag, substantially airtight to the outside, i. from the fine slag discharge room to discharge.
  • the fine fraction entering the fine slag discharge space is discharged to the outside in a substantially dry state.
  • at least the fine slag discharge means are designed to discharge the fine fraction in a substantially dry state.
  • the Feinschlackeaustrag differs fundamentally from the approximately in the DE-A-2539615 , of the EP-A-0363645 and the DE-C-959399 disclosed slag discharge systems in which the slag is taken up in a water filling, extinguished and then discharged.
  • the coarse slag discharge means may also be designed to discharge the coarse fraction in a substantially dry state. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable and depending on the given technical and economic boundary conditions preferred that the discharge of the coarse fraction takes place wet.
  • the fine slag discharge means form a sluice.
  • the fine slag discharge means in the form of shut-off devices, such as gate valves or butterfly valves, which can be actuated at different times.
  • shut-off devices By means of these shut-off devices, a lock space can be enclosed, into which the fine slag from the fine slag discharge space is introduced with the first shut-off device open and the second shut-off device closed and can be executed when the first shut-off device and opened second shut-off device are closed.
  • evacuation means for at least partial evacuation of the lock chamber with simultaneously closed shut-off devices. This makes it possible to remove the opening of the corresponding shut-off device from the outside into said lock space reaching air and thus to prevent them from entering the combustion chamber.
  • the separation grate or the grate elements of the separation grate there are several ways that can be combined: when using grate bars as grate elements, the formation of openings through holes in the grate bars and / or by gaps between the grate bars, alternatively or in addition to the use of sieves as rust elements, designed as a roller screen, Scheibensieb, star screen or the like.
  • grate block also includes grate bars. Conceivable in this regard, however, are also grate plates, e.g. over the entire width of the combustion grate extending grate plates.
  • the openings are arranged in the upper wall of the grate elements or formed between the upper walls of each two adjacent in the width direction grate elements.
  • the openings are formed in the form of holes in the grate elements. These holes can be adapted in their extent and shape as desired to the respective objective. You can in particular a circular, oval or square, in particular quadrangular, have cross-section. If openings are formed by gaps between the grate elements, this is done in that the columns are each formed by two grate elements spaced apart in the width direction.
  • the separation grate has grate bars with a longitudinal axis extending in the conveying direction of the separation grate and grate blocks are fastened laterally to a grate bar, such that the grate blocks attached to a first grate bar are supported on their side facing away from the first grate bar spaced in the width direction on the first grate bar following second grate bar, so that between the respective grate block and the second grate bar, a gap is formed.
  • a first part of the grate elements is thus present as grate blocks and a second part of the grate elements as a grate bar.
  • the grate beams present in this embodiment can also take over the function of the distribution device for the air feeds according to a particularly preferred embodiment.
  • the grate bars are generally designed as a hollow body, from which branch off the air ducts to the respective grate blocks or the air supply of the grate blocks.
  • At least the separation grate is in the form of a feed grate or a return grate.
  • the grate elements are designed in such a way that to redirect and / or to promote the slag by means of thrust movements carried out relative to one another.
  • the gaps forming the openings for the discharge of the fine fraction are particularly preferably designed such that their cross section is changed during a pushing movement. This allows, on the one hand, to increase the screening effect of the separating grate.
  • pinching of bulky slag constituents can be effectively counteracted by pushing them out of the gap or rubbing them between the column walls to finally pass as a fine fraction through the openings.
  • the grate elements are arranged in the conveying direction of the solid to be incinerated in a staircase manner resting on one another. In other words, they lie on the front side on the respective downstream in the conveying direction grate element.
  • Such a separation grid thus differs fundamentally from the in EP-A-1882529 disclosed device in which residues are promoted cascading down under application of a shaking movement.
  • the separation grate may also be designed in the form of a screen, for example as a roller screen, a screen screen or a star screen.
  • a screen for example as a roller screen, a screen screen or a star screen.
  • width direction is understood to mean the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the combustion grate or separating grate. Accordingly, the "width of the separating grate” designates the extent of the separating grate transversely to the conveying direction.
  • the fine fraction comprises only particles whose maximum particle size is at most 12 mm, preferably at most 10 mm, more preferably at most 8 mm, most preferably at most 5 mm.
  • the openings of the separation grate are preferably configured to pass only particles having a maximum particle size of at most 12 mm, preferably at most 10 mm, more preferably at most 8 mm, and most preferably at most 5 mm.
  • the maximum particle size of the particles contained in the fine fraction in the range of 5 mm to 12 mm, preferably 5 mm to 10 mm.
  • the grate elements are preferably spaced apart by at most 12 mm, more preferably by at most 10 mm, more preferably by at most 8 mm, and most preferably by at most 5 mm.
  • the grate elements, in particular the grate blocks in each case a wear plate, which is applied to a formed as a casting base body of the respective grate element.
  • a distance of 12 mm between the respective grate element base bodies or between grate block base body and grate bar is preferably selected.
  • this distance can be reduced as required with wear plates.
  • a wear plate is respectively arranged on the base body of a grate block, on the base body of a grate bar or on both.
  • the number and arrangement of the grate elements is arbitrary and can be adjusted according to needs.
  • the separation grate has grate bars and grate blocks
  • a row of grate blocks arranged one above the other be arranged between two grate bars. It is also conceivable, however, that several rows, for example two, three or four rows, of staircase stacked grate blocks between two grate bars are arranged.
  • the smallest in cross-section of the opening opening is at most 12 mm, more preferably at most 10 mm, more preferably at most 8 mm, and most preferably at most 5 mm, in analogy to the above.
  • the distance between two grating elements forming a gap or the smallest cross-section of the opening is usually at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 3 mm, and most preferably at least 4 mm.
  • the combustion grate may be designed as a separation grate only in its end region facing the deslagging device, preferably only in the burn-out zone.
  • the at least one fine fraction of the slag is dropped into the fine slag discharge space only in the burnout zone.
  • the separation grate when the openings are formed in the form of holes in the grate elements, it may be preferable for the separation grate to have openings with different cross-sectional areas, the extent of the cross-sectional area of the openings increasing in the conveying direction.
  • This embodiment makes it possible in particular to successively transfer a plurality of fine fractions of increasing average particle size into the fine slag discharge space. In particular, it can be ensured by this embodiment that particles with a particularly low mean particle size are removed early from the separation grate.
  • the fine slag discharge space is divided into separate fine slag discharge compartment compartments, the respective fine sludge discharge compartment compartments being successively determined for a fine fraction having a larger average particle size than the preceding fine sludge discharge compartment compartment viewed in the conveying direction.
  • the discarded sand of the / fine fraction (s) with larger average particle size can be discharged separately from the furnace.
  • the separation grate is usually designed as a feed grate or as a return grate.
  • the separating grate can be assigned further means for the longitudinal, transverse and / or vertical movement, eg Vibrating elements. Due to the reshuffling available or even turbulence of the material located on the separation grate, the release effect is supported.
  • the present invention also relates to a combustion grate for carrying out the method described above.
  • This comprises a plurality of in the conveying direction of the waste to be incinerated stair-like successive resting and thus forming rust steps grate elements.
  • the combustion grate is designed, at least in its end region located downstream in the conveying direction, as a separating grate which has openings for discharging at least one fine fraction of the slag.
  • the separation grate at least partially distributed over its entire width air supply lines for the controlled supply of air to the slag, wherein the air supply lines are decoupled from the provided for the discharge of the fine fraction openings and formed separately.
  • combustion grate is designed as a separating grate over its entire extent or over its entire length.
  • the grate is designed as a separation grate only in that end region which is intended for this purpose to be facing the slagger, preferably only in the burnout zone.
  • the openings are preferably in the form of gaps between the grate elements in particular formed in each case by two spaced-apart in the width direction grate elements.
  • the combustion grate can be designed, in particular, as a feed grate or return grate.
  • the grate elements are configured to redeploy and / or convey the slag by means of thrust movements carried out relative to one another.
  • the cross section of the openings provided for the discharge of the fine fraction of the slag, in particular the gaps, is changed during the pushing movement.
  • the separating grate has grate bars with a longitudinal axis extending in the conveying direction of the separating grate and grate blocks are attached laterally to a respective grate bar.
  • the grate blocks mounted on a first grate bar are spaced on their side facing away from the first grate bar by a second grate bar following in the width direction on the first grate bar, so that a gap is formed between the respective grate block and the second grate bar.
  • a first part of the Rust elements thus as grate blocks and a second part of the grate elements as a grate bar.
  • At least a portion of the grate bar on its upper side facing the slag corresponding deflecting elements (or “harassment”) have. These can be configured as wedge-shaped.
  • deflecting elements of grate bars following one another in the width direction of the combustion grate can be offset relative to one another with respect to the conveying direction, in particular for the deflecting elements to be arranged along widthwise successive grate bars along a zigzag line.
  • the proportion of the sum of the cross-sectional area of the openings and the air feeds is more than 5%, more preferably more than 6%, most preferably more than 7%, based on the total slag-facing area of the separation grid.
  • the present invention further relates to a furnace of a Waste incineration plant containing the combustion grate described above including separation grate.
  • the waste incineration plant comprises a combustion chamber 2, which is preceded by a refuse hopper 4 with a refuse chute 6 adjoining thereto, which is connected to the combustion chamber 2 via an inlet 8.
  • the combustion chamber 2 comprises a combustion grate 10 in the form of a feed grate forming its lower boundary.
  • the combustion grate 10 is subdivided in the embodiment shown into six combustion grate sections 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, to each of which two push-pull actuators 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f are associated. (Of these two drives each is in Fig. 1 only one shown at a time.)
  • an underwinding chamber 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d is arranged, in each of which a separate Primary air line 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d opens and which is intended to supply primary air via corresponding primary air ducts in the Verbrennungsrostabroughen 10a-d the fuel bed.
  • the combustion grate 10 is formed in the foremost in the conveying direction F, ie, in the form of a separating grate 11, that faces into the deslagger 17, the fifth and sixth combustion grate sections 10e, 10f.
  • This has openings through which the combustion chamber 2 is connected to a Feinschlackeaustragsraum 34. (In Fig. 1 the openings are not visible.)
  • the Feinschlackeaustragsraum 34 is in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown divided into two Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine 34e, 34f, which are formed in the form of funnels 52, which are respectively disposed below the corresponding Verbrennungsrostabroughe 10e, 10f.
  • no separation into several fine fractions takes place; the fine fractions from the Feinschlackeaustrags vom are transported together after passing through the Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine 34e, 34f via a conveyor belt 58.
  • the fifth and sixth combustion grate sections 10e, 10f are also associated with air feeds 36e, 36f for the controlled supply of air.
  • the air supply lines 36e and 36f each allocated to a combustion grate section 10e or 10f are connected to an air blower 38e and 38f, respectively.
  • the connection between the air blower 38 and the air supply lines 36 and 36a, 36b is generally via corresponding air ducts 40a, 40b and air distribution strips 42a, 42b.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 2 differs from the one according to Fig. 1 in that the entire combustion grate 10 is designed as a separating grate 11. Thus, in all of its combustion grate sections 10a-f, it has openings through which the firebox 2 is connected to fine slag discharge compartments 34a-f.
  • the fine slag discharge compartment compartments 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d arranged below the first four combustion grate sections 10a-d are formed by the respective underwinding chambers 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d.
  • no separation into several fine fractions takes place; the fine fractions from the Feinschlackeaustrags vom be transported together after passing through the Feinschlackeaustragsraumabmaschine 34a-f via a conveyor belt 58.
  • the fine slag discharge space 34 is divided into fine slag discharge compartments 34e-f and 34a-f, which are each in the form of a funnel 52.
  • fine slag discharge means 50 are in the form of two superimposed Feinschlackeabsperrschiebern 51 a, 51 b before, each of which alternately release the defined by the funnel neck 54 passage 56 and airtight seal and thus form a lock.
  • a conveyor belt 58 is arranged, which in Fig. 2 characterized in that the entire combustion grate is designed as a separation grate, designed to be much longer than the conveyor belt 58 according to Fig. 1 ,
  • the present invention in the formed as a separation grate 11 area of the combustion grate 10 openings and the air supply lines are based on the Fig. 3 further illustrated.
  • the in Fig. 3 shown portion of a combustion grate 10 has a first grate segment 10i, in which the combustion grate 10 distributed over its entire width air supply lines 36 has.
  • first grate segment 10i closes in the in Fig. 3 shown embodiment in the conveying direction F on a second grate segment 10ii.
  • This has in the embodiment shown no air supply, but is - as shown schematically in the figure - cooled by water.
  • the water is circulated in a circuit in which a heat exchanger 43 and a fan associated therewith 45 is present for cooling the water and the cooled water is passed by means of a pump 47 through corresponding cavities in the combustion grate and back to the heat exchanger 43.
  • air inlets - in addition to the first grate segment 10i - are also present in other grate segments, in particular in the second grate segment 10ii.
  • first and second grate segment 10i, 10ii is in the in Fig. 3 shown embodiment of the combustion grate 10 formed by grate plates 44, which extend over the entire width of the combustion grate 10. It is also conceivable, of course, that these grate segments are constructed of grate blocks.
  • the grate plates 44 have a support surface forming a top wall 53 and viewed in the conveying direction F of the grate front wall 55, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the air feeders 36 are arranged in the upper wall 53 and open via the upper wall in the combustion chamber 2 , It is also conceivable, however, for the air feeds 36 to be arranged in the front wall 55 or to open into the combustion chamber 2 via the front wall.
  • the second grate segment 10ii has openings 46, which in the embodiment shown in each of the three grate plates of this segment have different cross-sectional geometries, as otherwise also from Fig. 4 is apparent.
  • openings 46 in the embodiment shown in each of the three grate plates of this segment have different cross-sectional geometries, as otherwise also from Fig. 4 is apparent.
  • the openings 46a of the first grate plate 44a of the second combustion grate segment 10ii are in the form of holes or slots, which in concrete have the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners.
  • the openings 46b of the second grate plate 44b of the second combustion grate segment 10ii are formed in the form of holes having a circular cross section
  • the openings 46c of the third grate plate 44c of the second combustion grate segment 10ii are formed in the form of holes having a square cross section.
  • any other geometries are conceivable.
  • a third grate segment 10iii connects to the second grate segment 10ii Fig. 5 is shown enlarged.
  • the individual grate elements in the form of (likewise each having a top wall 53 'and a front wall 55' having) grate blocks 49 are formed, which are arranged spaced apart in the width direction, ie transversely to the conveying direction F, so that between two Rost blocks each present a gap, as in particular also from Fig. 5 is apparent.
  • These gaps form further openings 46d, via which the combustion chamber 2 is connected to the fine slag discharge space 34.
  • the gap widths are larger than the gap widths of a second grate stage 48b arranged downstream of the first grate stage in the conveying direction F.
  • the gaps forming the openings is formed by the omission of only a portion of the respective grate block.
  • the second and the third grate segments 10ii and 10iii form a separating grate 11 for discharging a fine fraction of the slag.
  • Fig. 3 illustrated arrangement of the openings merely illustrating that any geometry of the openings in any arrangement are possible.
  • the separation grate is formed as a screen screen 64, as it is in Fig. 6 is shown.
  • the openings 46 are formed by the intermediate spaces between the discs 65.
  • other types of screens are conceivable.
  • the refuse is pushed by means of a corresponding feed plunger 9 through the inlet 8 into the combustion chamber 2 or onto the combustion grate 10, from where the refuse is conveyed in the direction of the purger device 17 in the form of a combustion bed.
  • the waste passes through several combustion phases, namely a drying phase, an ignition phase, a main combustion phase and a burnout phase. These phases are assigned corresponding zones on the combustion grate 10, i. a drying zone, an ignition zone, a main combustion zone and a burnout zone.
  • slag parts of the appropriate size i.
  • the remaining coarse fraction or coarse slag comprising slag parts of larger dimensions passes via a coarse slag discharge edge 60 into the coarse slag discharge chute 66 and via this into the coarse sludge collection tray 70 of the slag removal device 17 from where it is discharged to the outside.
  • separation grate 11 is a first part of the grate elements as grate blocks 49 with corresponding air supply lines 36 and a second part of the grate elements as a grate bar 78 before.
  • the grate bars 78 have a longitudinal axis L running in the conveying direction F and extend over the entire length of the separating grate 11.
  • the separation grate 11 is delimited laterally by a respective stationary grate bar 78b 'or 78b ", wherein four movable grate bars 78a and three stationary grate bars 78b are alternately arranged in the width direction between the lateral grate bars 78b', 78b". Between the grate bars in the embodiment shown, eight grate blocks 49 are arranged one above the other like a staircase.
  • grate blocks 491a are attached to a first movable grate bar 781a at the side so as to be spaced from an adjacent second stationary grate bar 782b on their side facing away from the first grate bar 781a so that a gap 461 is formed by the fine fraction constituents of the slag in FIG the Feinschlackeaustragsraum be dropped.
  • the grate blocks 49 arranged one above the other in the conveying direction F are mounted alternately on a movable grate bar 78a and a stationary grate bar 78b adjacent thereto.
  • the movable grate bars 78a are reciprocated in the conveying direction, whereby the grate blocks 49a secured to said grate bars over the grate bar in each case in the conveying direction following stationary grate block 49b are pushed forward and backward.
  • the grate bars 78 On its upper side facing the slag, the grate bars 78 otherwise have wedge-shaped deflecting elements 80.
  • the deflecting elements 80 of widthwise successive grate bars 78 with respect to the conveying direction F offset from each other and describe a zig-zag line.
  • the grate bars 78 assume the function of the distribution device for the air supply lines of the grate blocks 49 arranged on the respective grate bar.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Méthode pour traiter des scories produites dans une chambre de combustion (2) d'une usine d'incinération de déchets, lesquelles sont produites du fait que les déchets à incinérer sont incinérés sur une grille de combustion (10) et en même temps convoyés dans la direction d'un dispositif d'enlèvement de scories (17),
    la grille de combustion (10) étant formée au moins dans sa région finale qui est orientée vers le dispositif d'enlèvement de scories (17) comme une grille de séparation (11) présentant des ouvertures (46a-d) au moyen desquelles la chambre de combustion (2) est reliée à une chambre d'enlèvement de scories fines (34; 34a-f), et au moins une fraction fine des scories est éjectée à travers les ouvertures (46; 46a-d) dans la chambre d'enlèvement de scories fines (34; 34a-f) et enlevée vers l'extérieur dans un état essentiellement sec, et
    la fraction grossière restante étant conduite au dispositif d'enlèvement de scories (17) et enlevée vers l'extérieur,
    la taille moyenne de particule de la au moins une fraction fine étant plus petite que la taille moyenne de particule de la fraction grossière, caractérisée en ce que la grille de séparation (11) présente au moins dans certaines régions des arrivées d'air (36) distribuée sur toute sa largeur au moyen desquelles de l'air est conduit d'une façon contrôlée aux scories, et les arrivées d'air (36) sont isolées des ouvertures (46; 46a-d) et formées séparement.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que des moyens d'enlèvement de fraction fine (50; 51a, 51b), qui sont conçus de telle façon que la fraction fine des scories est enlevée vers l'extérieur essentiellement d'une façon étanche à l'air, sont associés à la chambre d'enlèvement de scories fines (34; 34a-f).
  3. Méthode selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'enlèvement de fraction fine (50; 51a, 51b) forment un sas.
  4. Méthode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la fraction fine contient seulement des particules dont la taille de particule maximum est au plus 12 mm, préférablement au plus 10 mm, de façon plus préférée au plus 8 mm, et de façon la plus préférée au plus 5 mm.
  5. Méthode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la grille de combustion (10) est conçue comme une grille de séparation (11) seulement dans sa région finale faisant face au dispositif d'enlèvement de scories (17), préférablement seulement dans la zone de combustion complète.
  6. Méthode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la grille de séparation (11) présente des ouvertures (46; 46ad) avec des surfaces de section transversale différentes, l'étendue de la surface de section transversale des ouvertures augmentant vu dans la direction de convoyage (F).
  7. Grille de combustion pour l'exécution de la méthode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une multitude d'éléments de grille (44; 49), qui reposent à la manière d'escaliers l'un sur l'autre dans la direction convoyage (F) des déchets à incinérer et forment ainsi des escaliers de grilles (48a, 48b), la grille de combustion (10) étant conçue comme une grille de séparation (11) au moins dans sa région finale située en aval dans la direction convoyage (F), ladite grille de séparation présentant des ouvertures (46; 46a-d) pour éjecter au moins une fraction fine des scories, caractérisée en ce que la grille de séparation (11) présente au moins dans certaines régions des arrivées d'air (36) qui sont distribuées sur toute sa largeur pour la conduite d'air de façon contrôlée aux scories, et les arrivées d'air (36) sont isolées des ouvertures (46; 46a-d) et formées séparement.
  8. Grille de combustion selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une partie des éléments de grille (44; 49) comprend un corps qui présente une paroi supérieure (53 ou 53'), formant une surface de support, et une paroi avant (55 ou 55') vu dans la direction convoyage (F) de la grille de combustion (10).
  9. Grille de combustion selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que les ouvertures (46d) sont présentes comme des fentes entre les éléments de grille (49) et, en particulier sont chaque fois formées par deux éléments de grille (49) espacées dans la direction de la largeur.
  10. Grille de combustion selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de grille (49) sont conçus de façon à retourner et/ou convoyer les scories au moyen de mouvements de poussée exécutés relativement l'un par rapport à l'autre.
  11. Grille de combustion selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la section transversale des ouvertures (46; 46a-d), en particulier des fentes (46d), est changée pendant un mouvement de poussée.
  12. Grille de combustion selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de grille sont des blocs de grille (49) et une multitude de blocs de grille arrangés l'un à côté de l'autre à travers la largeur de la grille forme chaque fois une marche de grille (48a, 48b).
  13. Grille de combustion selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisée en ce que les ouvertures de la grille de séparation sont conçues de façon à laisser passer à travers seulement des particules avec une taille de particule maximum d'au plus 12 mm, préférablement d'au plus 10 mm, de façon plus préférée d'au plus 8 mm, et de façon la plus préférée d'au plus 5 mm.
  14. Grille de combustion selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la proportion de la somme de la surface de section transversale des ouvertures (46; 46a-d) et des arrivées d'air (36) par rapport à la surface totale de la grille de séparation (11) faisant face aux scories est plus de 5%, préférablement plus de 6% et de façon la plus préférée plus de 7%.
  15. Chambre de combustion pour une usine d'incinération de déchets comprenant une grille de combustion selon l'une des revendications 7 à 14.
EP15734167.8A 2014-09-16 2015-07-06 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de scories produites dans une chambre de combustion d'un incinérateur de déchets Active EP3194849B1 (fr)

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PL15734167T PL3194849T3 (pl) 2014-09-16 2015-07-06 Sposób i urządzenie do przerabiania żużlu powstającego w komorze spalania w instalacji do spalania odpadów

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EP14003213 2014-09-16
PCT/EP2015/065305 WO2016041652A1 (fr) 2014-09-16 2015-07-06 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de scories produites dans une chambre de combustion d'un incinérateur de déchets

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EP (1) EP3194849B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6449995B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2015317247B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2961423C (fr)
ES (1) ES2686553T3 (fr)
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US10928066B2 (en) * 2019-02-13 2021-02-23 Eco Burn Inc. System and method for the advanced control of nitrogen oxides in waste to energy systems
CN110307682A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-10-08 云南马龙云华磷化工有限公司 一种黄磷炉渣干法冷却系统
CN110469855A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-19 重庆航天工业有限公司 一种垃圾热解燃烧炉
CN111156533B (zh) * 2020-01-15 2022-09-27 国家电投集团河南电力有限公司开封发电分公司 一种燃煤锅炉出渣清灰系统
CN112880420B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2023-04-28 临沂玫德庚辰金属材料有限公司 一种节能环保的钢铁冶炼加工装置
CN113375160B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2023-08-15 临沂长荣环保科技有限公司 一种能够分解污染物的工业环保设备
CN114832896B (zh) * 2022-04-04 2024-04-05 国家能源菏泽发电有限公司 一种火电厂锅炉煤灰排出分离装置及其使用方法

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Publication number Publication date
ES2686553T3 (es) 2018-10-18
PL3194849T3 (pl) 2018-12-31
US10180254B2 (en) 2019-01-15
JP6449995B2 (ja) 2019-01-09
CA2961423A1 (fr) 2016-03-24
WO2016041652A1 (fr) 2016-03-24
AU2015317247B2 (en) 2018-03-01
CA2961423C (fr) 2019-02-26
JP2017531148A (ja) 2017-10-19
AU2015317247A1 (en) 2017-03-16
US20170261205A1 (en) 2017-09-14
EP3194849A1 (fr) 2017-07-26

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