EP2615218A1 - Prefabricated modular construction element for building a wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (1) has an exterior wall panel (3) including an internal face plated on a framework (2) to form a wall of the element. The panel comprises an external coating partition (4) made of concrete and fixed on the framework by junction devices (6) that are fixed on the partition and on vertical uprights (20b) and/or horizontal uprights (21a) of the framework, at same time. Each junction device includes a part (60) extending along concrete of the partition, and another part (61) projecting from the partition and fixed on the vertical and/or the horizontal uprights by screwing or nailing. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a construction element.

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated modular building element for wall construction, to a wall made with at least two such building elements, and to a method of manufacturing such a building element.

• une ossature pourvue de montants verticaux et horizontaux formant les arêtes de l'élément de construction, dont au moins un montant vertical et/ou horizontal de bordure s'étendant sur un rebord vertical et/ou horizontal dudit élément de construction ; et
• un panneau de façade présentant une face interne plaquée sur l'ossature pour former une paroi de l'élément de construction, ce panneau de façade présentant au moins une bordure verticale et/ou horizontale dépassant du montant vertical et/ou horizontal de bordure concerné pour délimiter au moins une encoche verticale et/ou horizontale s'étendant sur toute la hauteur et/ou largeur de l'élément de construction afin de définir au moins partiellement un coffrage pour couler au moins un poteau vertical de soutien et/ou au moins une rive de dalle horizontale.

It relates more particularly to a modular building element for the production of a wall, of the type comprising:

• a frame provided with vertical and horizontal uprights forming the edges of the building element, at least one vertical and / or horizontal amount of edge extending over a vertical and / or horizontal flange of said building element; and
• a facade panel having an inner face plated on the framework to form a wall of the building element, the facade panel having at least one vertical and / or horizontal edge protruding from the vertical and / or horizontal edging member concerned for defining at least one vertical and / or horizontal notch extending over the entire height and / or width of the building element to at least partially define a formwork for casting at least one vertical support post and / or at least one horizontal slab shore.

The document FR 2 932 204 A1 discloses such a construction element whose facade panel has an outer wall forming the outer coating of the construction element and made either OSB oriented thin wood slats or steel.

Despite the interposition of an insulation layer between the outer wall and the frame, the construction element described in this document does not give complete satisfaction to the building owners for thermal insulation, sound insulation, impact resistance and abrasiveness, cost and exterior aesthetics.

The state of the art can also be illustrated by the teaching of the patent US 6,041,562 which discloses a modular building element having a frame and a panel fixed to the framework by means of adhesive systems; this panel having sheets of concrete material reinforced with polymer fibers. The absence of insulation layer in the panel itself, and the adhesive fixing of the panel on the oassture makes this building element particularly unsuitable both thermally and mechanically for multi-storey façade walls.

• une ossature pourvue de montants verticaux et horizontaux formant les arêtes de l'élément de construction, dont au moins un montant vertical et/ou horizontal de bordure s'étendant sur un rebord vertical et/ou horizontal dudit élément de construction ; et
• un panneau de façade présentant une face interne plaquée sur l'ossature pour former une paroi de l'élément de construction, ce panneau de façade présentant au moins une bordure verticale et/ou horizontale dépassant du montant vertical et/ou horizontal de bordure concerné pour délimiter au moins une encoche verticale et/ou horizontale s'étendant sur toute la hauteur et/ou largeur de l'élément de construction afin de définir au moins partiellement un coffrage pour couler au moins un poteau vertical de soutien et/ou au moins une rive de dalle horizontale ;

dans lequel le panneau de façade comporte une cloison de revêtement extérieur en béton fixée sur l'ossature au moyen de dispositifs de jonction fixés à la fois sur la cloison de revêtement et sur les montants verticaux et/ou les montants horizontaux de l'ossature,
l'élément de construction conforme à l'invention étant remarquable en ce que les dispositifs de jonction présentent chacun une première partie coulée dans le béton de la cloison de revêtement et une seconde partie faisant saillie de ladite cloison de revêtement et fixée sur les montants verticaux et/ou les montants horizontaux de l'ossature, notamment par vissage ou clouage.The present invention aims to meet all or part of these disadvantages and, for this purpose, it proposes a construction element of modular construction for the production of a wall, of the type comprising:

• a frame provided with vertical and horizontal uprights forming the edges of the building element, at least one vertical and / or horizontal amount of edge extending over a vertical and / or horizontal flange of said building element; and
• a facade panel having an inner face plated on the framework to form a wall of the building element, the facade panel having at least one vertical and / or horizontal edge protruding from the vertical and / or horizontal edging member concerned for defining at least one vertical and / or horizontal notch extending over the entire height and / or width of the building element to at least partially define a formwork for casting at least one vertical support post and / or at least one horizontal slab shore;

wherein the facade panel has a concrete exterior cladding wall fixed to the framing by means of junction devices attached to both the cladding wall and the vertical posts and / or horizontal posts of the framing,
the building element according to the invention being remarkable in that the connecting devices each have a first part poured into the concrete of the lining wall and a second part projecting from said lining wall and fixed on the vertical uprights and / or the horizontal amounts of the frame, in particular by screwing or nailing.

By proposing a concrete outer wall partition, this building element provides high resistance to shock and abrasiveness, improved sound insulation of the wall, while ensuring a limited cost due to the use of concrete .

The concrete exterior cladding wall offers very good thermal qualities and meets the demands of the building contractors for the aesthetics of the building, by offering a concrete cladding that allows many types of finishing, such as a facade. rough concrete, a stained facade, colored, stamped, etc.

In addition, by casting the junction devices in the concrete, it ensures excellent strength junction devices on the outer cladding wall, and thus excellent mechanical strength of the partition wall on the frame.

This construction element also makes it possible to retain the advantages described in the document FR 2 932 204 A1 , namely the construction of walls on several floors, easily and economically, without a prior and tedious step of making concrete pillars. Indeed, these elements of construction are manufactured off the site, in a workshop, and they arrive on the site to be directly posed. In this way, it is no longer essential to provide bulky formwork panels for vertical support posts, only portable construction elements are used to form these poles, or to form slab banks as explained below.

It is also possible to vary the thickness of the frame to control the insulation of the wall by means of insulating strips interposed between amounts of the frame.

• présence d'une seule encoche verticale, à droite ou à gauche, associée à un montant vertical de bordure et à une bordure verticale du panneau de façade, pour couler un poteau vertical ; ou
• présence de deux encoches verticales, à droite et à gauche, associées à deux montants verticaux de bordure et à deux bordures verticales du panneau de façade, pour couler deux poteaux verticaux ;

et/ou

• présence d'une seule encoche horizontale, en haut ou en bas, associée à un montant horizontal de bordure et à une bordure horizontale du panneau de façade, pour couler une rive de dalle ; ou
• présence de deux encoches horizontales, en haut ou en bas, associées à deux montants horizontaux de bordure et à deux bordures horizontales du panneau de façade, pour couler deux rives de dalle.

In addition, it should be noted that the present invention relates to several cases:

• the presence of a single vertical notch, right or left, associated with a vertical upright and a vertical border of the facade panel, for casting a vertical pole; or
• two vertical notches, on the right and on the left, associated with two vertical uprights and two vertical edges of the façade panel, for casting two vertical columns;

and or

• a single horizontal notch, at the top or bottom, associated with a horizontal edging and a horizontal border of the facade panel, for casting a slab edge; or
• the presence of two horizontal notches, at the top or at the bottom, associated with two horizontal uprights of border and with two horizontal borders of the facade panel, for casting two banks of slab.

In the first two cases, it is no longer necessary to provide bulky formwork panels for vertical poles, only portable construction elements are used to form these poles taking advantage of the vertical notch or slots provided for this purpose .

In the last two cases, it is no longer necessary to provide bulky formwork panels for slab edges (floor slab or ceiling slab), only portable construction elements are used to form these slab shores. taking advantage of the horizontal notch (es) provided for this purpose.

Finally, this building element stands out clearly from all-concrete solutions and from separate concrete and carpentry solutions, in the sense that the concrete frame and exterior cladding are joined together in a single building element by the casting of the concrete. concrete and direct integration of junction devices into fresh concrete before drying.

This invention thus makes it possible to solve the problems of reservations which are common on construction sites. Indeed, with this invention, the construction element is followed by its manufacture at its installation, without interference of several trades, namely the body of the shell for concrete, the body of the joiners for the frame and the body of insulation; the insulation can be directly integrated in the building element, with airtightness and thermal insulation made by a single company, namely the company that carries out in its workshops the manufacture of the building element.

According to one characteristic, the facade panel also comprises an insulation layer, made in particular of glass wool, rockwool, solid polymer (eg polymer foam, extruded polymer, molded or expanded, in particular of the polystyrene or polyurethane type). or the like, interposed between the lining wall and the frame, said lining wall completely covering said insulation layer.

In this way, the building element ensures excellent insulation with the concrete outer wall partition lined with the insulation layer; this insulation layer is integrated directly into the panel, thus forming a thermal break between the frame and the concrete outer wall partition.

Advantageously, the building element further comprises stiffening elements integral with the lining partition, passing through at least one of the vertical and / or horizontal edges and extending inside the vertical and / or horizontal notches of the lining partition. facade panel to stiffen the corresponding vertical support column and / or the corresponding horizontal slab edge after pouring concrete into the formwork concerned.

Thus, stiffening elements are incorporated directly on the construction element, which will then be used to arm or rigidify the vertical column concerned and / or the relevant slab bank that will be cast into the formwork formed in the vertical and / or horizontal notches of the building element.

As the case may be, these stiffening elements extend inside the vertical notch (s) to stiffen the vertical column (s) and / or these stiffening elements extend inside the horizontal notch (s). to stiffen the slab bank (s).

In a particular embodiment, the vertical uprights and / or the horizontal amounts of the frame are made of wood or metal, such as aluminum or steel. Thus, the frame may be of the wood frame type or metal frame.

In a particular embodiment, the lining wall is made of reinforced concrete having an internal reinforcement frame cast in the concrete, ensuring improved mechanical strength for this partition.

According to a possibility of the invention, the construction element also comprises insulation strips, made in particular of glass wool, rockwool, solid polymer (eg polymer foam, extruded polymer, molded or expanded, in particular of the polystyrene or polyurethane type) or the like, interposed between the vertical uprights and the horizontal uprights of the framework.

With this type of realization, we tend to a passive building by combining the layer of insulation, the insulation strips whose thickness depends on that of the frame, and the concrete partition wall, which together allow obtain very high thermal results while guaranteeing excellent airtightness.

The present invention also relates to the characteristic according to which the construction element has at least one opening, in particular for the reception of a window or a door, said opening being framed by vertical uprights and horizontal uprights of the framework. .

Advantageously, the construction element further comprises chains and / or sockets for lifting and handling of the construction element and / or formwork loops integral with the lining wall, in particular being partially embedded in the concrete.

These elements can be poured into the concrete and fixed integrally, in particular by welding, to the reinforcement inner reinforcement when the partition wall is made of reinforced concrete.

The invention also relates to a wall made with at least two building elements according to the invention, wherein the two construction elements are assembled along their respective vertical or horizontal edges where the vertical notches or the horizontal notches are formed. said vertical or horizontal notches extending adjacently to delimit a groove in which is fixed a formwork within which a construction material is cast to form a vertical support pole or a horizontal slab shore.

Preferably, the vertical or horizontal edges concerned building elements are in partial contact over their entire length, with possible interposition of a seal.

This contact between the building elements is of course on the portion of the vertical or horizontal flange where is not provided the corresponding notch. In this way, the resulting wall has a substantially smooth external appearance, the junction between the building elements being minimized for reasons both aesthetic and sealing.

• réalisation de l'ossature par assemblage de montants verticaux et de montants horizontaux ;
• réalisation d'un coffrage pour la cloison de revêtement du panneau de façade sur un banc de préfabrication, avec éventuellement la mise en place d'une armature intérieure de renfort dans le coffrage ;
• mise en place des dispositifs de jonction à l'intérieur du coffrage ;
• coulage du béton sur le banc de préfabrication, à l'intérieur du coffrage, pour réaliser la cloison de revêtement, puis séchage ;
• pose de l'ossature sur le panneau de façade ;
• fixation des dispositifs de jonction sur l'ossature ; et
• décoffrage de la cloison de revêtement, c'est-à-dire retrait de la cloison de revêtement hors du coffrage et du banc de préfabrication.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a construction element according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

• realization of the frame by assembling vertical uprights and horizontal uprights;
• producing a formwork for the cladding wall of the facade panel on a prefabrication bench, possibly with the introduction of an internal reinforcing reinforcement in the formwork;
• setting up junction devices inside the formwork;
• pouring the concrete on the prefabrication bench, inside the formwork, to make the partition wall, then drying;
• installation of the frame on the facade panel;
• attachment of the connecting devices to the framework; and
• demoulding of the cladding wall, that is to say removal of the cladding wall out of the formwork and the prefabrication bench.

Advantageously, this method further comprises, after the drying step and before the step of laying the framework, a step of laying an insulation layer of the facade panel, leaving the connecting devices passing through said insulation layer, the framework being then placed on said insulation layer.

• pose de l'ossature sur le banc de préfabrication afin de repérer le positionnement des montants verticaux et/ou des montants horizontaux ; puis
• retrait de l'ossature ;

de sorte que l'étape de mise en place des dispositifs de jonction est réalisée suivant le positionnement des montants verticaux et/ou des montants horizontaux, et l'étape de fixation des dispositifs de jonction sur l'ossature est réalisée en fixant les dispositifs de jonction sur les montants verticaux et/ou les montants horizontaux.According to a possibility of the invention, this method further comprises, after the step of producing the formwork, the following steps:

• placing the frame on the prefabrication bench in order to locate the positioning of the vertical uprights and / or horizontal uprights; then
• removal of the frame;

so that the step of placing the connecting devices is performed according to the positioning of the vertical uprights and / or horizontal uprights, and the step of fixing the junction devices on the frame is carried out by fixing the devices of junction on vertical uprights and / or horizontal uprights.

According to another possibility of the invention, this method further comprises, after the step of producing the formwork, a step of setting up chainings and / or sockets for lifting and handling the construction element and / or formwork loops inside the formwork.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématique de dos, côté intérieur du mur, d'un premier élément de construction conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématique de dos, côté intérieur du mur, d'un deuxième élément de construction conforme à l'invention, qui présente une ouverture pour une porte ;
• la figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale de l'élément de construction de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale de l'élément de construction de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 5 est une vue schématique de dos, côté intérieur du mur, d'un troisième élément de construction conforme à l'invention, qui présente une ouverture pour une fenêtre ;
• la figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale, dans le plan de l'ouverture, de l'élément de construction de la figure 5 ;
• la figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'un mur réalisé par l'assemblage d'au moins trois éléments de construction conformes à l'invention, en situation sur un bâtiment d'au moins deux étages avec illustration de trois dalles horizontales ;
• la figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale d'un mur réalisé par l'assemblage de trois éléments de construction conformes à l'invention ;
• la figure 9 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale de deux éléments de construction joints selon un chainage asymétrique pour former un angle rentrant de deux murs d'angle à angle droit ;
• la figure 10 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale de deux éléments de construction joints selon un chainage symétrique pour former un angle rentrant de deux murs d'angle à angle droit ; et
• la figure 11 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale de deux éléments de construction joints selon un chainage asymétrique pour former un angle sortant de deux murs d'angle à angle droit.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of several nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended figures in which:

• the figure 1 is a schematic view of the back, inner side of the wall, of a first building element according to the invention;
• the figure 2 is a schematic view of the back, inner side of the wall, of a second building element according to the invention, which has an opening for a door;
• the figure 3 is a schematic view in vertical section of the building element of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 4 is a schematic view in horizontal section of the building element of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 5 is a schematic view of the back, inner side of the wall, of a third building element according to the invention, which has an opening for a window;
• the figure 6 is a schematic view in vertical section, in the plane of the opening, of the construction element of the figure 5 ;
• the figure 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a wall made by the assembly of at least three building elements according to the invention, in situation on a building of at least two floors with illustration of three horizontal slabs;
• the figure 8 is a schematic view in horizontal section of a wall made by the assembly of three building elements according to the invention;
• the figure 9 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of two asymmetrically joined structural elements to form a re-entrant angle of two right angle corner walls;
• the figure 10 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of two structurally symmetrically joined members to form a re-entrant angle of two right angle corner walls; and
• the figure 11 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of two asymmetrically bonded building elements to form an angle out of two right angle corner walls.

With reference to Figures 1 to 6 , a building element 1 according to the invention comprises a frame 2 of wood or metal provided with vertical uprights 20a, 20b and horizontal uprights 21a, 21b forming the edges or the frame of the building element 1.

• deux montants verticaux de bordure 20a situés respectivement sur les extrémités droite et gauche de l'élément de construction 1 en s'étendant sur les rebords verticaux de ce dernier ;
• des montants verticaux centraux 20b s'étendant entre les montants verticaux de bordure 20a ; et
• deux montants horizontaux de bordure 21a situés respectivement sur les extrémités haute et basse de l'élément de construction 1 en s'étendant sur les rebords horizontaux de ce dernier.

This frame 2 comprises more precisely:

• two vertical uprights 20a respectively located on the right and left ends of the building element 1 extending on the vertical edges of the latter;
• central vertical uprights 20b extending between the vertical edge posts 20a; and
• two horizontal amounts of edge 21a respectively located on the upper and lower ends of the building element 1 extending on the horizontal edges of the latter.

The uprights 20a, 20b are fixed at their ends to the horizontal edging posts 21a, in particular by bolting, screwing, nailing, or even welding for a metal frame 2.

In the particular case of a manufactured element 1 having an opening 10 for the reception of a window (case of Figures 5 and 6 ), the opening 10 is framed by vertical uprights 20b and central horizontal uprights 21b of the frame 2; the spacing between the two central vertical uprights 20b concerned defining the width of the opening 10 and the spacing between these central horizontal uprights 21b defining the height of the opening 10.

In the particular case of a manufactured element 1 having an opening 11 for receiving a door (case of the figure 2 ), the opening 11 is framed by vertical uprights 20b, a central horizontal upright 21b and a portion 21c of the horizontal amount of border 21a lower or lower frame 2; the spacing between the two central vertical uprights 20b concerned defining the width of the opening 11 and the spacing between this central horizontal upright 21b and this portion 21c of the horizontal bottom rim 21a defining the height of the opening 11. It should be noted that this portion 21c is preferably retained on the frame 2 during its manufacture and its installation on the wall M, but that it will then be removed or dismounted after laying on the wall M.

The building element 1 further comprises a front panel 3 having an inner face (on the inside of the wall M) pressed onto the frame 2 to form a wall of the building element 1.

This facade panel 3 comprises an outer cladding wall 4 made of reinforced concrete, with a thickness of between 5 and 15 cm, in particular between 6 and 10 cm. This partition wall 4 has an internal reinforcement frame 40 cast in concrete, and made in the form of a trellis made of metal rods.

In the case of an opening 10, 11 formed in the construction element 1, the outer wall partition 4 has cleats 41, possibly supplemented with a wooden dummy 42 interposed between the cleats 41, to allow this opening 10, 11 in the outer cladding partition 4 during the pouring of the concrete.

This facade panel 3 further comprises an insulation layer 5, made in particular of glass wool, rockwool, polystyrene or solid polyurethane (especially in the form of expanded foam) or the like, interposed between the lining partition 4 and the liner. 2. The cladding wall 4 completely covers the insulating layer 5 and may possibly overflow from the latter as is the case for outward angled corner wall joints, as illustrated in FIG. figure 11 .

• une première partie 60 coulée dans le béton de la cloison de revêtement 4 et fixée sur l'armature intérieure de renfort 40, notamment par boulonnage, vissage ou soudage ; et
• une seconde partie 61 faisant saillie de la cloison de revêtement 4, et plus particulièrement de sa face interne, traversant la couche d'isolation 5 et fixée sur les montants verticaux 20a, 20b, notamment au moyen de vis ou clous 62, cette seconde partie présentant de préférence des orifices de passage pour les vis ou clous de fixation.

The cladding wall 4 is fixed to the frame 2 by means of junction devices 6 fixed on both the cladding wall 4 and on the vertical uprights 20a, 20b of the frame 2. These junction devices 6 are presented each in the form of a metal plate comprising:

• a first part 60 poured into the concrete of the cladding wall 4 and fixed on the reinforcement inner reinforcement 40, in particular by bolting, screwing or welding; and
• a second part 61 protruding from the partition wall 4, and more particularly from its inner face, passing through the insulating layer 5 and fixed on the vertical uprights 20a, 20b, in particular by means of screws or nails 62, this second part preferably having through-holes for fixing screws or nails.

These junction devices 6 can be two to four for each upright 20a, 20b.

The front panel 3 has two vertical borders 30, respectively right and left, which respectively exceed the two vertical uprights 20a of a predetermined width, for example of the order of 10 centimeters. Thus, these vertical borders 30 and these vertical uprights 20a together delimit two vertical notches 31 extending over the entire height of the building element 1 to partially define a formwork for pouring vertical poles P support (visible on the Figures 8 to 11 ). It would of course be possible to have only one vertical notch 31 for casting a single pole.

• une première face verticale définie par le montant vertical de bordure 20a correspondant, s'étendant dans l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction 1 à partir de la face interne du panneau de façade 3 (autrement la face interne de la couche d'isolation 5), dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à cette face interne ; et
• une deuxième face verticale définie par la bordure verticale 30 correspondante, s'étendant dans la largeur de l'élément de construction 1 dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la face interne du panneau de façade 3.

A vertical notch 31 is delimited by two faces, respectively:

• a first vertical face defined by the corresponding vertical upright 20a, extending in the thickness of the building element 1 from the inner face of the facade panel 3 (otherwise the inner face of the insulation layer 5), in a plane substantially perpendicular to this inner face; and
• a second vertical face defined by the corresponding vertical edge, extending in the width of the building element 1 in a plane substantially parallel to the internal face of the front panel 3.

In other words, the facade panel 3, and therefore the cladding wall 4 and the insulation layer 5, have widths greater than that of the frame 2 and thus exceed both sides of the two vertical uprights 20a.

• une première partie coulée dans le béton de la cloison de revêtement 4 et fixée sur l'armature intérieure de renfort 40, notamment par boulonnage, vissage ou soudage ; et
• une seconde partie faisant saillie de la cloison de revêtement 4, et plus particulièrement de la face interne de chaque bordure verticale 30, traversant la couche d'isolation 5 et s'étendant à l'intérieur de chaque encoche verticale 31 pour rigidifier le poteau vertical P correspondant après coulage du béton dans le coffrage.

To stiffen or arm each vertical post P, the lining wall 4 incorporates stiffening elements 43, made in the form of curved metal rods, which each have:

• a first part poured into the concrete of the cladding wall 4 and fixed on the reinforcing inner reinforcement 40, in particular by bolting, screwing or welding; and
• a second part protruding from the lining partition 4, and more particularly from the inner face of each vertical edge 30, passing through the insulation layer 5 and extending inside each vertical notch 31 to stiffen the vertical pole Corresponding P after pouring concrete into the formwork.

The front panel 3 also has an upper horizontal edge 32 protruding from the horizontal upper edge 21b upper or upper, on a predetermined height, for example of the order of 20 centimeters. Thus, this upper horizontal edge 32 and this horizontal upper edge 21b together define a horizontal notch 33 extending over the entire width of the building element 1 to partially define a formwork for casting a horizontal slab edge D ( visible on the figure 7 ). It would of course be possible to have two horizontal notches, at the top and bottom, or to have only one horizontal notch at the bottom.

• une première face horizontale définie par le montant horizontal de bordure 21b supérieur, s'étendant dans l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction 1 à partir de la face interne du panneau de façade 3, dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à cette face interne ; et
• une deuxième face horizontale définie par la bordure horizontale supérieure 32, s'étendant dans la hauteur de l'élément de construction 1 dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la face interne du panneau de façade 3.

A horizontal notch 33 is delimited by two faces, respectively:

• a first horizontal face defined by the horizontal upper rim 21b, extending in the thickness of the building element 1 from the inner face of the facade panel 3, in a plane substantially perpendicular to this inner face; and
• a second horizontal face defined by the upper horizontal edge 32, extending in the height of the building element 1 in a plane substantially parallel to the internal face of the front panel 3.

In other words, the facade panel 3, and therefore the cladding wall 4 and the insulating layer 5, have heights greater than that of the frame 2 and thus exceed the horizontal upper edge amount 21b.

• une première partie (le sommet du U) coulée dans le béton de la cloison de revêtement 4 et fixée sur l'armature intérieure de renfort 40, notamment par boulonnage, vissage ou soudage ; et
• une seconde partie (les deux branches du U) faisant saillie de la cloison de revêtement 4, et plus particulièrement de la face interne de la bordure horizontale supérieure 32, traversant la couche d'isolation 5 et s'étendant à l'intérieur de l'encoche horizontale 33 pour rigidifier la dalle horizontale D après coulage du béton dans le coffrage.

To stiffen or arm the horizontal slab D, the partition wall 4 incorporates stiffening elements 44, made in the form of U-shaped metal rods, which each have:

• a first part (the top of the U) poured into the concrete of the cladding wall 4 and fixed on the reinforcing inner reinforcement 40, in particular by bolting, screwing or welding; and
• a second part (the two branches of the U) projecting from the covering partition 4, and more particularly from the inner face of the upper horizontal edge 32, passing through the insulation layer 5 and extending inside the horizontal notch 33 to stiffen the horizontal slab D after pouring concrete into the formwork.

In addition, the construction element 1 further comprises insulation strips 7, made in particular of glass wool, rock wool, polystyrene or solid polyurethane (especially in the form of expanded foam) or the like, interposed between the vertical uprights 20a, 20b and the horizontal uprights 21a, 21b of the frame 2.

• des chainages (non illustrés) ;
• des douilles de levage et de manutention 81 de l'élément de construction 1, disposées sur la bordure horizontale supérieure 32 du panneau de façade 3 et au nombre de deux sur les exemples illustrés, servant à lever et manipuler l'élément de construction 1 au moyen d'une machine de manutention, telle qu'une grue, ces douilles de levage et de manutention 81 pouvant se présenter sous la forme de boucle ou de crochet ; et
• des boucles de décoffrage 82 servant à réaliser l'opération de décoffrage de la cloison de revêtement 4 (comme décrit ci-après).

The cladding wall 4 also incorporates several metal elements, which are poured into the concrete of the cladding wall 4 and fixed on the internal reinforcement frame 40, in particular by bolting, screwing or welding, namely:

• chaining (not shown);
• lifting and handling sleeves 81 of the construction element 1, arranged on the upper horizontal edge 32 of the front panel 3 and two in the illustrated examples, for lifting and handling the construction element 1 to means of a handling machine, such as a crane, these lifting and handling sleeves 81 may be in the form of loop or hook; and
• stripping loops 82 for performing the stripping operation of the cladding wall 4 (as described below).

• réalisation de l'ossature 2 (en bois ou en métal) par assemblage des montants verticaux 20a, 20b et des montants horizontaux 21a, 21b ;
• réalisation d'un coffrage pour la cloison de revêtement 4 du panneau de façade 3 sur un banc de préfabrication de l'atelier, autrement dit préparation du coffrage des rives de la cloison de revêtement 4 ;
• mise en place d'une armature intérieure de renfort 40 dans le coffrage ;
• pose de l'ossature 2 sur le banc de préfabrication afin de repérer le positionnement des montants verticaux 20a, 20b ;
• retrait de l'ossature 2 ;
• mise en place des dispositifs de jonction 6 à l'intérieur du coffrage suivant le positionnement des montants verticaux 20a, 20b ;
• mise en place de chainages, des douilles de levage et de manutention 81 de l'élément de construction 1 et des boucles de décoffrage 82 à l'intérieur du coffrage ;
• coulage du béton sur le banc de préfabrication, à l'intérieur du coffrage, pour réaliser la cloison de revêtement 4, puis séchage ;
• pose de la couche d'isolation 5 du panneau de façade 3, en laissant les dispositifs de jonction 6 traverser la couche d'isolation 5 ;
• pose de l'ossature 2 sur la couche d'isolation 5 du panneau de façade 3 ;
• fixation des dispositifs de jonction 6 sur l'ossature 2, en fixant les dispositifs de jonction 6 sur les montants verticaux 20a, 20b, par vissage ou clouage ; et
• décoffrage de la cloison de revêtement 4 en se servant des boucles de décoffrage 82 ; et
• stockage de l'élément de construction 1 dans l'attente d'une livraison sur le chantier.

As regards the manufacture of this construction element 1 in the workshop, it is advantageous to implement the manufacturing method comprising the following steps:

• realization of the frame 2 (wood or metal) by assembling the uprights 20a, 20b and horizontal amounts 21a, 21b;
• producing a formwork for the cladding partition 4 of the facade panel 3 on a prefabrication bench of the workshop, in other words preparing the formwork of the banks of the cladding partition 4;
• putting in place an internal reinforcing reinforcement 40 in the formwork;
• placing the frame 2 on the prefabrication bench to locate the positioning of the uprights 20a, 20b;
• removal of the frame 2;
• setting up the junction devices 6 inside the formwork according to the positioning of the vertical uprights 20a, 20b;
• setting up of chainings, lifting and handling sleeves 81 of the construction element 1 and formwork loops 82 inside the formwork;
• Pouring the concrete on the prefabrication bench, inside the formwork, to make the partition wall 4, then drying;
• placing the insulation layer 5 of the facade panel 3, leaving the junction devices 6 to pass through the insulation layer 5;
• placing the frame 2 on the insulation layer 5 of the front panel 3;
• fixing the junction devices 6 on the frame 2, by fixing the junction devices 6 on the uprights 20a, 20b, by screwing or nailing; and
• dismantling of the lining partition 4 using formwork buckles 82; and
• storage of construction element 1 pending delivery to the construction site.

The insulation strips 7 are preferably mounted on the frame 2 on site, after the installation of the building elements 1.

• la figure 7 qui illustre trois éléments de construction 1 assemblés successivement en vertical les uns au dessus des autres sur trois niveaux successifs d'un bâtiment ;
• la figure 8 qui illustre trois éléments de construction 1 assemblés successivement en horizontal les uns à côté des autres sur un même niveau d'un bâtiment ; et
• les figures 9 à 11 qui illustrent deux éléments de construction 1 assemblés à angle droit pour former un mur d'angle, soit en angle rentrant (figures 9 et 10) soit en angle sortant (figure 11).

The following description relates to the mounting of a wall M by joining or joining two building elements 1 as described above, and is made with reference to the Figures 7 to 11 , with:

• the figure 7 which illustrates three elements of construction 1 successively assembled vertically one above the other on three successive levels of a building;
• the figure 8 which illustrates three elements of construction 1 successively assembled horizontally next to each other on the same level of a building; and
• the Figures 9 to 11 which illustrate two construction elements 1 assembled at a right angle to form a corner wall, either at figures 9 and 10 ) at an outgoing angle ( figure 11 ).

• l'élément de construction 1 inférieur est monté verticalement et présente son encoche horizontale 33 en partie haute ;
• l'élément de construction 1 supérieur est monté verticalement au-dessus de l'élément de construction 1 inférieur, en mettant en appui leurs panneaux de façade 3 respectifs avec interposition d'au moins un joint horizontal J1 d'étanchéité entre ces deux panneaux de façade 3 ;
• le montant horizontal de bordure 21b inférieur ou bas de l'élément de construction 1 supérieur vient en recouvrement de l'encoche horizontale 33 de l'élément de construction 1 inférieur, formant ainsi une rainure horizontale sur la face interne du mur M et à l'intérieur de laquelle s'étendent les éléments de rigidification 44, cette rainure horizontale formant un coffrage pour une rive de la dalle horizontale D intercalée entre les deux éléments de construction 1 ;
• coulage de béton à l'intérieur de cette rainure horizontale pour réaliser la rive de la dalle horizontale D, avec interposition d'au moins un joint d'étanchéité J2 entre le montant horizontal de bordure 21b inférieur de l'élément de construction 1 supérieur et la rive de la dalle horizontale D.

With reference to the figure 7 the horizontal junction of two construction elements 1 arranged one above the other is effected as follows:

• the lower construction element 1 is mounted vertically and has its horizontal notch 33 in the upper part;
• the upper construction element 1 is mounted vertically above the lower building element 1, by supporting their respective facade panels 3 with the interposition of at least one horizontal seal J1 sealing between these two panels of facade 3;
• the lower or lower horizontal rim 21b of the upper building element 1 overlaps with the horizontal notch 33 of the lower building element 1, thus forming a horizontal groove on the inner face of the wall M and inside which the stiffening elements 44 extend, this horizontal groove forming a formwork for one side of the horizontal slab D interposed between the two construction elements 1;
• pouring concrete inside this horizontal groove to make the edge of the horizontal slab D, with the interposition of at least one seal J2 between the lower horizontal rim 21b of the upper construction element 1 and the edge of the horizontal slab D.

• l'élément de construction 1 de droite est monté verticalement et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa gauche ;
• l'élément de construction 1 de gauche est monté verticalement sur la gauche de l'élément de construction 1 de droite et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa droite, en mettant en appui leurs panneaux de façade 3 respectifs avec interposition éventuelle d'au moins un joint vertical d'étanchéité entre ces deux panneaux de façade 3 ;
• les deux encoches 31 précités s'étendent en vis-à-vis afin de délimiter une rainure verticale sur la face interne du mur M et à l'intérieur de laquelle s'étendent les éléments de rigidification 43 concernés des deux éléments de construction 1, cette rainure verticale formant un coffrage pour un poteau vertical P de soutien ;

• mise en place d'une armature interne de renfort A à l'intérieur de la rainure verticale pour armer le poteau vertical, cette armature interne de renfort A présentant des tiges verticales en acier reliées entre elles à intervalles réguliers par des cadres en acier en forme de carré ;
• fermeture temporaire de la rainure verticale par une paroi verticale de coffrage (non illustrée) ;
• coulage de béton à l'intérieur de cette rainure verticale pour réaliser ce poteau vertical P ; et
• retrait de la paroi verticale de coffrage.

With reference to the figure 8 the vertical junction of two construction elements 1 arranged next to one another on the same level is carried out as follows:

• the construction element 1 on the right is mounted vertically and has a vertical notch 31 on its left;
• the building element 1 on the left is mounted vertically on the left of the right building element 1 and has a vertical notch 31 on its right, by bearing their respective front panels 3 with possible interposition of at least a vertical seal between these two facade panels 3;
• the two aforementioned notches 31 extend in facing relation in order to define a vertical groove on the internal face of the wall M and inside which the relevant stiffening elements 43 of the two elements of the wall extend. construction 1, this vertical groove forming a formwork for a vertical pole P support;

• placing an internal reinforcing reinforcement A inside the vertical groove to arm the vertical post, this reinforcing internal reinforcement A having vertical steel rods connected to each other at regular intervals by shaped steel frames square;
• temporary closing of the vertical groove by a vertical wall of formwork (not shown);
• pouring concrete inside this vertical groove to achieve this vertical pole P; and
• removal of the vertical wall formwork.

• l'élément de construction 1 de droite est monté verticalement et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa gauche ;
• l'élément de construction 1 de gauche est monté verticalement sur la gauche de l'élément de construction 1 de droite et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa droite, cet élément de construction 1 de gauche étant orthogonal à l'élément de construction 1 de droite ;
• les panneaux de façade 3 des deux éléments de construction 1 viennent en appui l'un contre l'autre, avec interposition éventuelle d'au moins un joint vertical d'étanchéité entre ces deux panneaux de façade 3, en notant que seules les cloisons de revêtement 4 viennent en contact ;
• les deux encoches verticales 31 précités s'étendent à angle droit sur l'extérieur de l'angle afin de délimiter une rainure verticale en forme générale en « L » sur la face interne du mur M et à l'intérieur de laquelle s'étendent les éléments de rigidification 43 concernés des deux éléments de construction 1, cette rainure verticale formant un coffrage pour un poteau vertical P d'angle ou de coin, ce poteau vertical P présentant une section horizontale en forme générale de « L » ;
• mise en place d'une armature interne de renfort A à l'intérieur de la rainure verticale pour armer le poteau vertical P, cette armature interne de renfort A comportant des tiges verticales en acier reliées entre elles à intervalles réguliers par des cadres en acier en forme de « L » ;
• mise en place d'une bande supplémentaire d'isolation B contre l'un des panneaux de façade 3 pour éviter une rupture de pont thermique en prolongeant et joignant les deux couches d'isolation 5 ;
• fermeture temporaire de la rainure verticale par deux parois verticales de coffrage disposées à angle droit (non illustrées) ;
• coulage de béton à l'intérieur de cette rainure verticale pour réaliser ce poteau vertical P de coin ; et
• retrait des parois verticales de coffrage.

With reference to figures 9 and 10 the vertical right-angle join of two building elements 1 to form a corner wall at a re-entrant angle is as follows:

• the construction element 1 on the right is mounted vertically and has a vertical notch 31 on its left;
• the left-hand building element 1 is mounted vertically on the left of the right-hand building element 1 and has a vertical notch 31 on its right, this left-hand building element 1 being orthogonal to the building element 1 of right;
• the facade panels 3 of the two building elements 1 bear against one another, with the possible interposition of at least one vertical seal between these two facade panels 3, noting that only the partitions of coating 4 come into contact;
• the two aforesaid vertical notches 31 extend at right angles to the outside of the corner in order to delimit a vertical groove in the general shape of an "L" on the internal face of the wall M and within which extend the stiffening elements 43 concerned of the two building elements 1, this vertical groove forming a formwork for a vertical post P angle or corner, this vertical pole P having a horizontal section in the general shape of "L";
• setting up an internal reinforcing reinforcement A inside the vertical groove to arm the vertical post P, this reinforcing internal reinforcement A having vertical steel rods connected to each other at regular intervals by steel frames in "L"shape;
• placing an additional band of insulation B against one of the facade panels 3 to prevent a thermal break by extending and joining the two layers of insulation 5;
• temporary closure of the vertical groove by two vertical formwork walls arranged at right angles (not shown);
• pouring concrete inside this vertical groove to make this vertical post P corner; and
• removal of the vertical walls of formwork.

In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 9 , the building elements 1 have vertical borders 30 of the same width and thus the chaining is asymmetrical. In other words, the vertical "L" groove has two parts at right angles of different widths, one of the parts being wider than the other of the thickness of a front panel 3.

In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 10 , the building elements 1 have vertical edges 30 of different widths to achieve a symmetrical chaining. In other words, the vertical "L" groove has two parts at right angles of identical widths because one of the vertical notches 31 is wider than the other of the thickness of a front panel 3.

• l'élément de construction 1 de droite est monté verticalement et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa gauche ;
• l'élément de construction 1 de gauche est monté verticalement sur la gauche de l'élément de construction 1 de droite et présente une encoche verticale 31 sur sa droite, cet élément de construction 1 de gauche étant orthogonal à l'élément de construction 1 de droite ;
• les panneaux de façade 3 des deux éléments de construction 1 viennent en appui l'un contre l'autre, avec interposition éventuelle d'au moins un joint vertical d'étanchéité entre ces deux panneaux de façade 3, en notant que la couche de revêtement 4 de l'un des deux panneaux de façade 3 dépasse de sa couche d'isolation 5 pour que les deux cloisons de revêtement 4 viennent en contact ;
• les deux encoches verticales 31 précités s'étendent à angle droit sur l'intérieur de l'angle afin de délimiter un espace clos vertical car les montants verticaux de bordure 20a viennent également en contact pour fermer les deux encoches verticales 31, les éléments de rigidification 43 concernés des deux éléments de construction 1 s'étendant à l'intérieur de cet espace clos qui forme un coffrage pour un poteau vertical P de coin et de section horizontale carré ;
• mise en place d'une armature interne de renfort A à l'intérieur de la rainure verticale pour armer le poteau vertical P, cette armature interne de renfort A comportant des tiges verticales en acier reliées entre elles à intervalles réguliers par des cadres en acier en forme de carré ;
• coulage de béton à l'intérieur de cet espace clos pour réaliser ce poteau vertical P de coin.

With reference to the figure 11 the right-angle vertical junction of two building elements 1 to form an outward-angled corner wall is effected as follows:

• the construction element 1 on the right is mounted vertically and has a vertical notch 31 on its left;
• the left-hand building element 1 is mounted vertically on the left of the right-hand building element 1 and has a vertical notch 31 on its right, this left-hand building element 1 being orthogonal to the building element 1 of right;
• the front panels 3 of the two building elements 1 bear against one another, with the possible interposition of at least one vertical seal between these two facade panels 3, noting that the coating layer 4 of one of the two facade panels 3 protrudes from its insulating layer 5 so that the two cladding walls 4 come into contact;
• the two aforementioned vertical notches 31 extend at right angles to the interior of the angle in order to delimit a vertical enclosed space because the amounts vertical edging 20a also come into contact to close the two vertical notches 31, the stiffening elements 43 concerned of the two building elements 1 extending inside this enclosed space which forms a formwork for a vertical pole P corner and of square horizontal section;
• setting up an internal reinforcing reinforcement A inside the vertical groove to arm the vertical post P, this reinforcing internal reinforcement A having vertical steel rods connected to each other at regular intervals by steel frames in square shape;
• Pouring concrete inside this enclosed space to achieve this vertical post P corner.

For several construction elements 1 assembled successively, the wall M has successive vertical grooves intersecting successive horizontal grooves at the junctions of the different building elements 1, so that these building elements 1 are assembled and supported on site by pouring concrete in the different horizontal and vertical grooves, and then allowing it to dry so that, in the end, the construction elements 1 are integral with the posts P and slab banks D which form a support structure of the wall M.

In addition, once the walls M mounted, it can be expected to pose against the frame 2 and against the insulation strips 7, internal partitions 8 which would overlap internally the building elements 1, such as for example plasterboard cardboard or wooden interior partition walls.

Of course the implementation example mentioned above is not limiting in nature and further improvements and details can be made to the construction element according to the invention, without departing from the scope of the invention. other geometric shapes of construction elements may for example be made.

Claims (13)

Prefabricated modular building element (1) for wall construction (M), of the type comprising: - a frame (2) provided with vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and horizontal (21a, 21b) forming the edges of said building element (1), including at least one vertical upright and / or horizontal edging (20a; 21a) extending on a vertical and / or horizontal flange of said building element (1); and - a front panel (3) having an inner face plated on the framework (2) to form a wall of the building element (1), said front panel (3) having at least one vertical edge (30) and / or horizontal (32) protruding from the vertical upright and / or horizontal edging (20a; 21a) concerned to delimit at least one vertical notch (31) and / or horizontal (33) extending over the entire height and / or width of said construction element (1) for at least partially defining a formwork for casting at least one vertical support post (P) and / or at least one horizontal slab edge (D);
in which the facade panel (3) has a concrete exterior cladding wall (4) fixed to the framework (2) by means of junction devices (6) attached to both the cladding wall (4) and on the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b) of the frame (2);
said construction element (1) being characterized in that the joining devices (6) each have a first portion (60) cast in the concrete of the cladding wall (4) and a second portion (61) projecting from said covering partition (4) and fixed on the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b) of the framework (2), in particular by screwing or nailing. Building element (1) according to claim 1, wherein the facade panel (3) further comprises an insulation layer (5), made in particular of glass wool, rock wool, solid polymer or the like, interposed between the lining partition (4) and the framework (2), said lining partition (4) completely covering said insulation layer (5). Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising stiffening elements (43, 44) integral with the covering wall (4), passing through at least one of the vertical and / or horizontal edges (30, 32) and extending within the vertical and / or horizontal notches (31, 33) of the facade panel (3) to stiffen the corresponding vertical support post (P) and / or the bank of the corresponding horizontal slab (D) after pouring the concrete into the formwork concerned. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b) of the framework (2) are made of wood or metal , such as aluminum or steel. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cladding wall (4) is made of reinforced concrete having an inner reinforcing reinforcement (40) cast in the concrete. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising insulation strips (7), made in particular of glass wool, rock wool, solid polymer or the like, interposed between the uprights (20a). , 20b) and the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b) of the frame (2). Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the construction element (1) has at least one opening (10; 11), in particular for receiving a window or a door, said opening (10; 11) being framed by vertical uprights (20b) and horizontal uprights (21a, 21b) of the frame (2). Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising chains and / or sleeves for lifting and handling (81) of the construction element (1) and / or form release loops (82) integral with the lining partition (4), in particular being partially embedded in the concrete. Wall (M) made with at least two building elements (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two building elements (1) are assembled along their respective vertical or horizontal edges where the notches are formed. vertically (31) or horizontal notches (33), said vertical (31) or horizontal notches (33) extending adjacently to delimit a groove in which is fixed a formwork inside which is cast a material of construction to form a vertical support post (P) or a horizontal slab shore (D). A method of manufacturing a building element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: - Realization of the frame (2) by assembling uprights (20a, 20b) and horizontal amounts (21a, 21b); - Realization of a formwork for the cladding wall (4) of the facade panel (3) on a prefabrication bench, possibly with the establishment of an internal reinforcing reinforcement (40) in the formwork; - setting up junction devices (6) inside the formwork; - Pouring concrete on the prefabrication bench, inside the formwork, to achieve the lining wall (4), then drying; - installation of the frame (2) on the front panel (3); - Fixing the junction devices (6) on the frame (2); and - dismantling of the lining partition (4). Manufacturing method according to claim 10, further comprising, after the drying step and before the step of laying the framework (2), a step of laying an insulation layer (5) of the panel of facade (3), allowing the connecting devices (6) to pass through said insulating layer (5), the framework (2) then being placed on said insulating layer (5). Manufacturing method according to claims 10 or 11, further comprising, after the step of producing the formwork, the following steps: - Installation of the frame (2) on the prefabrication bench to locate the positioning of the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or horizontal amounts (21a, 21b); then - removal of the frame (2);
so that the step of placing the connecting devices (6) is carried out according to the positioning of the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b), and the step of fixing the devices connection (6) to the frame (2) is carried out by fixing the connecting devices (6) on the vertical uprights (20a, 20b) and / or the horizontal uprights (21a, 21b). Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising, after the step of forming the formwork, a step of placing chains and / or sleeves for lifting and handling (81) of the construction element (1) and / or formwork loops (82) within the formwork.

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