Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H11/00—Travelling-grates
  • F23H11/12—Travelling-grates inclined travelling grates; Stepped travelling grates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H11/00—Travelling-grates
  • F23H11/18—Details
  • F23H11/20—Driving-means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H17/00—Details of grates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H17/00—Details of grates
  • F23H17/08—Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
  • F23H3/04—Grates with hollow bars externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam or air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
  • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
  • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a drive for a water-cooled push combustion grate for refuse incineration plants, which is particularly suitable for the burning of refuse and waste with high calorific values.
• Such shear combustion grates have stationary and movable grate stages of grate plates or of a series of grate bars, wherein the grate plates rest on one another in a staircase shape.
• These combustion feed grates may be installed so that the fuel bed is substantially horizontal, or inclined, with slopes up to 20 degrees or more more common.
• grate plates these are preferably made of sheet steel and form board-shaped hollow body, which extend over the width of the entire grate and through which water is passed as the cooling medium.
• Every second grate plate is movable and can thus carry out a picking or transporting stroke. If it is a feed grate, then the movable grate plates can advance with their front side firing material to the next lower grate plate. In contrast, a repulsion grid forms a somewhat wrong built, inclined stairs with overlapping steps.
• the front sides of the movable grate plates transport at a backward grate the firing material lying behind them, after which it collapses again in the direction of rust tendency down.
• the movable grate plates that is, each arranged between two stationary grate plates grate plates are moved in the direction of their inclination back and forth. This will achieve that on the grid lying, burning waste with a high residence time of 45 to 120 minutes constantly relocated and distributed evenly on the grid.
• the previous drive structures are located under the grate, that is, the associated hydraulic piston-cylinder units are arranged below the grate. There they are difficult to access and in particular during operation of the grate because of the prevailing temperatures and as a result of a possible Schlacken penfalls not accessible.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hydraulic drive for a water-cooled shear combustion grate, which is particularly reliable, inexpensive to produce and is particularly easy to install.
• this drive should be easier to maintain by being accessible during the combustion operation and the hydraulic piston-cylinder units of the individual drives of the grate plates are individually replaceable without having to interrupt the operation of the grate.
• each movable grate stage of the grate construction is connected to at least one connecting rod, with his the other end is mounted on a crank, wherein the associated crankshaft is mounted in a sleeve which passes through the side wall of the grate construction, and on the other side of the crankshaft, a crank is connected to the piston of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit arranged there.
• the support element for installation between the two hollow profiles along the grate seen from the front;
• Figure 6 A perspective schematic view of the inventive hydraulic drive for a single movable grate plate viewed obliquely from above;
• Figure 7 A section across a grate with this hydraulic Drive outside the side wall for the grate plate on the left;
• FIG. 1 The basic structure of a shear combustion grate with its essential elements can be seen from Figure 1, as he presented during construction, ie where individual grate plates are still missing and thus the view is released on the substructure.
• This is a grate inclined downwards in the conveying direction.
• Two perpendicular, parallel to each other lateral steel walls 1, 2 are connected to a number of spacer tubes 3,4 stable together. These spacer tubes 3,4 extend transversely to the grate and extend on two different levels over the clear width between the two lateral steel walls 1, 2.
• the two steel walls 1, 2 left and right of the grate can consist of several steel plates or parts which are screwed together in a suitable manner.
• the spacer tubes 3,4 enforce these steel walls 1, 2, have on both sides of a thread and are screwed by sitting on it cones and nuts fixed to the side steel walls 1, 2.
• the distance or transverse tubes 3 of the upper level serve as support tubes for resting on them stationary grate plates 5.
• the lowest stationary grate plate 5 is located with its front edge on a firmly welded between the side steel walls 1, 2 ejection lip 7, and with its rear area it is hung over the first upper spacer or cross tube 3.
• a movable grate plate 6 which rests with its front lower edge on the first, lying below her stationary grate plate 5. On its own then again lies the front lower edge of the next higher stationary grate plate 5, and so on.
• the individual grate plates 5, 6 are penetrated at their beveled front side by primary air slots 8 through which primary air for combustion is blown into the kiln from below.
• primary air slots 8 through which primary air for combustion is blown into the kiln from below.
• These square tubes 9, 10 form the lateral planks of the grate track and limit the kiln bed laterally during operation. They are water-cooled and are forcibly flowed through from bottom to top, so that their interior is always completely filled with water.
• the individual grate plates 5,6 are made of sheet steel designed as a hollow body, which are forcibly traversed by water so that their cavity is always completely filled with water and no air bubbles can arise in their interior.
• grate plates consist of a carrier flu, in which a flow through ble hollow body is inserted as a heat sink, which is then covered by a Verschleissplatte, which is clamped to the support frame and the heat sink to ensure good heat transfer.
• All steel sheet parts of the grate be it the lateral square tubes 8,9 or the grate plates 5,6, which come into contact with the kiln, are thus constantly covered by water on the inner side of the sheet, or at least cooled by a water-cooled heat sink.
• all parts in contact with the fire can be constantly cooled and kept at a stable temperature, so that virtually no dilatations occur. As a result, it is not necessary to provide any compensation elements on the side of the grate plates.
• the stability of the grate construction is achieved essentially by the spacer or cross tubes 3, 4 bracing and bracing in two parallel planes to each other, the two outer steel walls 1, 2, as already described. Between these two levels of transverse tubes 3,4 extend along the grate on both sides of its longitudinal center two hollow sections in the form of square tubes 1 1, 12, which are connected at the bottom and top in some places with the transverse to them transverse tubes 3,4.
• One of the square tubes, namely the square tube 1 1 1 leads from bottom to top the cooling water for the grate plates 5.6, while the other square tube 12 scavenging air and cooling air for the hydraulic components of the drives of the movable grate plates 6 supplies.
• support elements 13 are installed for the movable grate plates 6.
• these support elements 13 are held by means of two bolts, which pass through the two square tubes 1 1, 12.
• the square tubes or Hollow sections 1 1, 12 have for this purpose welded cross tubes with such an inner diameter that the retaining bolts for the support elements 13 fit into this.
• the support elements 13 themselves each have a parallel to the corresponding grate plate plane steel roller 16, and left and right each one there in the vertical plane steel roller 17, 18. On the latter rolls off the movable grate plate 6, and the horizontal steel roller 16 is used for lateral guide on the rear side of the grate plate 6.
• On the planks, that is on the square tubes 9, 10 6 two steel rollers 19,20 are mounted for each movable grate plate on which they are outside out laterally.
• FIG. 2 shows a portion of the grate with the conventional drive of the movable grate plates 6 seen in a longitudinal section from the side.
• the grate plate 6 rolls on the rollers 17 of the support element 13, which are fixed by means of the two bolts 14, 15 to the Vierkantohren 1 1, 12.
• Each of these support elements 13 can be tilted by knocking out the rear bolt 14 to the rear, after which the articulation of the hydraulic cylinder 21 is accessible and this can be easily removed. However, this can only be done after taking the grate out of operation.
• Behind the grate plates 5,6 can be seen the square tube 10, which forms the side plank, and below the side wall 2 with the cross tubes. 4
• the hydraulic drive is located directly under the grate plates, and that has now been eliminated to exclude any risk of fire under the grate.
• the hydraulic cylinder 21 is replaced with piston rod 22 by a mechanical connecting rod, which is articulated to a crank, and the associated crankshaft is guided through one of the side walls 1, 2 outwards, so that the hydraulic components are completely installed outside the grate construction, such as which will be shown below.
• 3 shows a cross section through the grate frame or the grate base, without the grate plates as shown in Figure 1, seen from the front.
• the side walls 1, 2, the planks in the form of square tubes 9, 10, and the transverse tubes 3,4 and the middle, extending along the grate square tubes 1 1, 12, and in Figure 4 is a single support member 13 of Seen frontally, with the horizontal steel roller 16 for the horizontal guidance of the movable grate plate 6, and the stationary steel rollers 17,18 for supporting the movable grate plate. 6
• Figure 5 shows a single grate plate 6 or a carrier skeleton seen from below.
• the horizontal steel roller 16 comes to lie on the support member 13.
• the clear width of the recess 23 is chosen so that it is slightly larger than the diameter of the lying steel roller 16, whereby the grate plate is guided by the roller 16 in the transverse direction to the grate web sufficiently.
• To guide the front side of the movable grate plate serve the lying on the planks 9, 10 arranged steel rollers 19,20 ( Figure 1).
• the movable grate plate 6 has on its front lower side such recesses 24,25, that on each side a guide surface 26,27 is formed on her, which is parallel to the side surface of the grate plate 6, but set back against this, and along which these Roll off steel rollers 19,20 while moving back and forth.
• each movable grate plate 6 to some extent on a three-point support.
• the grate plate 6 is horizontal, and guided vertically by the corresponding steel rollers 16, 17, 18, and front is led to the left and right of the steel rollers 19,20, while with their front Lower edge rests on the next lower lying stationary grate plate 5 and slides on it when moving back and forth.
• the hydraulic cylinder 21 and its hydraulic lines are according to the construction according to Figures 1 and 2 as already mentioned directly below the grate and all parts are exposed to the underwind, which unfolds an abrasive effect over the years.
• Goal of the following Drive construction is to provide an alternative construction in which only coarse mechanical parts of the drive structure are exposed to the abrasive effect of the underwinding, which can not harm the same, and at the same time to arrange more sensitive drive parts outside the grate.
• Figure 6 shows this hydraulic drive for a single movable grate plate 6 seen obliquely from above shown schematically.
• the hydraulic cylinder under the grate plate has been replaced by a mere connecting rod 30, which is articulated to a crank 31, which sits on a crankshaft 32.
• the crank 31 here has a slot 38 in which the pin 39 of the connecting rod 30 stores, because the connecting rod 30 as shown with a double arrow linearly in its direction to move back and forth, while the crank 31 by a few degrees back and forth pivots and thus their end does not perform a linear movement.
• the crankshaft 32 is mounted in a bushing 33, which passes through the side wall 2 of the grate construction and is welded or screwed stable in this.
• the crankshaft 32 is equipped with a further crank 34, which is articulated to the end of a piston rod 35 of a hydraulic cylinder 36.
• the cranks 31, 34 are simply plugged over the crankshaft ends and each secured with a lock nut.
• the hydraulic cylinder 36 is connected at its other end articulated to a bracket 37 which is anchored on the outside of the side wall 2 of the grate construction.
• the axis of the sleeve 33 extends at a right angle to the direction of movement of the movable grate plate 6, and the crank 31 for the connecting rod 30 on the crankshaft 32 can be rotated about 120 ° to 180 ° pivoted to the crank 34 mounted on the other end of the crankshaft 32 be.
• FIG 7 a section is shown across the grate web with a view from behind in the direction of movement of the movable grate plate 6.
• the connecting rod 30 is articulated.
• the connecting rod 30 is pivotally connected via the pin 39 to the crank 31, which sits on the bottom of the crankshaft 32.
• the crankshaft 32 is mounted by means of the exchangeable sliding bearing 40 in the sleeve 33, which is connected via wing struts 41 stably connected to the side wall 1 of the grate structure 2.
• These wing struts 41 are inserted for this purpose in corresponding milled slots in the side wall 1 or 2 of the grate construction and welded to the same.
• FIG. 8 shows a solution for a drive when multiple grate webs 28,29 are arranged side by side.
• the water supply lines for the grate plates 6 are denoted by 43, the water drainage of the right grate plate with 44.
• the hydraulic cylinder 36 of this drive described above is then probably outside the first grate 28 arranged, but is below the grate plate 6 on this side of the grate In this case, however, it is still achieved that the hydraulic cylinder 36 is arranged much further away from the grate plates 6 than in the previous solution described at the outset.
• the hydraulic cylinder 36 and its hydraulic supply and discharge lines can be bordered by a sheet metal housing 42 so that it is completely covered from above and only his piston rod laterally protrudes from a hole in the sheet metal housing 42, in the figure 8 so from the rear Sheet metal housing protrudes and thus the crank 34 is actuated.
• a drive as shown for each movable grate plate 6 can be provided in duplicate, so with a piston cylinder time on each side of the grate.
• the piston-cylinder units can be arranged in another mounting direction, depending on space.
• the individual hydraulic cylinders can also be mounted in steps one above the other on the outside of the side wall.
• cranks on the crankshaft must simply be rotated by 90 °, and in the case of cylinders in a 45 ° downward position correspondingly by 45 ° with respect to the embodiment shown in the figures.
• different arrangements can also be chosen alternately.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=44629033

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 2010
  • 2010-07-30 CH CH01258/10A patent/CH703509B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2011
  • 2011-07-27 US US13/812,360 patent/US20130118469A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-07-27 JP JP2013521125A patent/JP2013535648A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-07-27 EA EA201300035A patent/EA201300035A1/ru unknown
  • 2011-07-27 CA CA2806931A patent/CA2806931A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-07-27 CN CN2011800474996A patent/CN103154614A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-07-27 BR BR112013002139A patent/BR112013002139A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-07-27 EP EP11736103.0A patent/EP2598800A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-07-27 KR KR1020137002837A patent/KR20140000188A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-07-27 WO PCT/EP2011/062893 patent/WO2012013700A2/de active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events