EP2475622A1 - Purification continue d'une eau d'élevage peuplée d'animaux aquatiques et/ou de plantes aquatiques - Google Patents
Purification continue d'une eau d'élevage peuplée d'animaux aquatiques et/ou de plantes aquatiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2475622A1 EP2475622A1 EP10749648A EP10749648A EP2475622A1 EP 2475622 A1 EP2475622 A1 EP 2475622A1 EP 10749648 A EP10749648 A EP 10749648A EP 10749648 A EP10749648 A EP 10749648A EP 2475622 A1 EP2475622 A1 EP 2475622A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- precursor compound
- aquatic
- hydroxyl radical
- ornamental
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000938605 Crocodylia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004995 magnesium peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000012476 oxidizable substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 compound hydrogen peroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001240 inorganic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011866 long-term treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
Definitions
- the present subject matter relates to the continuous purification of
- the present subject matter relates to the continuous purification of containment water in aquariums, aquaterraries, and / or garden ponds.
- Biological filtering and cleaning measures are used to continuously degrade the water polluting substances in a circulation process.
- a further disadvantage is that toxic nitrite can be formed from the nitrate by the UV-C irradiation of water supply water via photochemical reduction, whereby the water quality is even worsened and damaging effects on the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants can result.
- JP 2009/050215 A a method is described in which both a UV-C irradiation and a treatment with H 2 0 2 is carried out directly in Nutzfischen.
- this method is not intended to purify the water, but only to control the eggs of fish parasites that are on commercial fish or food fish.
- this treatment should not be performed for more than 40 minutes. Lighter damage to the fish, such as burns of the skin or eyes can be accepted, since the thus treated commercial fish do not have to survive in the long term, since they are usually used only as food fish.
- One aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to
- a method for purifying maintenance water, which contains aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants which is characterized in that a hydroxyl radical precursor compound is added to the holding water, wherein the hydroxyl radical precursor compound after addition in the holding water preferably in a concentration of between 2 mg / 1 and 20 mg / 1 is present;
- This maintenance water is irradiated with UV-C rays, preferably in a separate area, whereby hydroxyl radicals are generated.
- Radical precursor compound after addition in the holding water in a concentration of between 2 mg / 1 and 20 mg / 1, preferably between 3 mg / 1 and 15 mg / 1, for example between 4 mg / 1 and 9 mg / 1, and more preferably between 4 mg / 1 and 8 mg / l, especially when the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydroxyl radical is
- Precursor compound hydrogen peroxide and the addition of the hydrogen peroxide is carried out by introducing a hydrogen peroxide-releasing compound in the holding water, which is selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate, urea peroxohydrate, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide and magnesium peroxide.
- a hydrogen peroxide-releasing compound selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate, urea peroxohydrate, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide and magnesium peroxide.
- the UV-C rays have a wavelength of 200 nm to 280 nm, preferably a wavelength of less than or equal to 260 nm.
- the irradiation power during the irradiation is between 5 and 36 watts, preferably between 9 and 18 watts.
- the irradiation of the Hältanssbergs to be cleaned takes place continuously.
- the irradiation of the cleaning water to be purified takes place in a flow-through reactor.
- the precursor compound is added to the maintenance water between once to twice a week, about once every two weeks, or about once every four weeks.
- the concentration of substances to be removed in the holding water between 1 mg / 1 and 50 mg / 1, preferably between 5 mg / 1 and 40 mg / 1.
- the to be cleaned contains
- Another aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to a system for purifying maintenance water containing aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants, comprising: a device for adding a hydroxyl radical precursor compound to the maintenance water, and
- this system is suitable for carrying out the present continuous process and characterized in that the system comprises the following components: a device for adding a hydroxyl radical precursor compound to the holding water,
- Another aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to the use of a hydroxyl radical precursor compound for purifying maintenance water, characterized in that the hydroxyl radical Precursor compound is added to the holding water and Hydroxyl radicals are generated in the holding water.
- One embodiment relates to the use of a hydroxyl radical precursor compound together with a UV-C irradiation to purify maintenance water containing live aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants, the maintenance water preferably containing live ornamental fish, ornamental crabs, ornamental reptiles, ornamental amphibians and / or ornamental plants.
- One embodiment relates to the use of a hydroxyl radical precursor compound together with a UV-C irradiation to purify maintenance water containing live aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants, the maintenance water preferably containing live ornamental fish, ornamental crabs, ornamental reptiles, ornamental amphibians and / or ornamental plants.
- the use relates to the purification of maintenance water in aquariums, aquaterrariums and / or garden ponds.
- a hydroxyl radical precursor compound e.g.
- Hydrogen peroxide when irradiated with UV-C radiation (ultraviolet radiation in the far UV wavelength range: 200-280 nm), preferably with UV-C radiation e.g. at or below 260 nm, are photolyzed to hydroxyl radicals according to the following equation:
- UV-C (e.g., ⁇ 260 nm)
- Aquatic animals such as Fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles or invertebrates and / or aquatic plants. Under water plants here are multicellular, non-plankton or algae-counting, photosynthesizing plants understood.
- the maintenance water contains aquatic animals and aquatic plants.
- the aquatic animals are ornamental animals, such as ornamental fish, ornamental reptiles, ornamental crabs and / or ornamental amphibians.
- the maintenance of these Ziertierart it is important that they carry no damage to the skin or the sensory organs by cleaning procedures used. These animals are kept primarily for hobby lover or Schau incidenten and must therefore have a long-term undamaged appearance.
- continuous means an uninterrupted application of the present process
- the process is carried out continuously over a period of more than 2 hours, preferably for more than 4 hours, such as for example, for more than 24 hours or for a period of several days, more preferably the process is performed on a permanent basis and only optionally suspended for maintenance.
- the above reaction can also be carried out in aqueous solution upon irradiation with UV-C radiation.
- a hydroxyl radical precursor compound eg, hydrogen peroxide
- hydroxyl radicals ( ⁇ ⁇ ) s are extremely short-lived, with a half-life of 1 x 10 "9, and immediately react with oxidizable substances up to their inorganic amplifiers
- carbon compounds are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or, for example, hydrogen-nitrogen compounds up to nitrogen (N 2 ) or up to nitrate
- sulfur compounds for example, are oxidized to sulphate Hydroxyl radicals produced by UV-C irradiation from the hydroxyl radical precursor compound kill and kill the microorganisms and planktonic organisms present in the holding water.
- the UV photolysis described is not carried out only once in a disposable or disposable process (as it is partly carried out in large-scale plants in drinking or wastewater treatment, eg in sewage treatment plants), but rather is continuous , integrated into the water cycle of the holding water.
- the goal which is achieved with the present cleaning method, is thus not only short-term (eg, only a few minutes to hours) but quantitatively as complete as possible elimination of all pollutants (without regard to the resulting / required temperatures and / or pH conditions) but rather a continuous cleaning of the holding water, in which the pollutant degradation is not with the highest efficiency, but continuously and under conditions that do not cause harmful effects on the water animals and / or aquatic plants contained in the holding water.
- the Hält fürsworth is continuously irradiated in a separate area with UV-C radiation.
- the separate area is characterized in that there are no aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants in it.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants are not exposed to the continuous UV-C radiation.
- planktonic harmful organisms can enter the segregated area and be exposed to UV-C radiation there.
- this separate area is spatially separated from the remaining area with holding water in such a way that it constitutes a closed chamber into which the holding water passes only through technical transport measures and is conveyed out again.
- holding water from the aquatic animal and / or aquatic plant area is continuously transported to the segregated area and is continuously transported from there to the aquatic animal and / or aquatic plant area.
- the irradiation takes place in one
- a flow reactor is understood to mean a system which conveys water from the holding system through a closed reactor space and then adds it back to the storage system.
- holding water is continuously conveyed into the reactor space and back into the holding system.
- the holding water from the holding system is conveyed through an inflow opening of the flow reactor into a closed reactor space which is irradiated with a UV-C source, past the UV-C source and then through an outlet opening of the flow reactor again to the holding system fed.
- the transport or the circulation of the Hält ceremoniesswassers can be achieved by a pump with a defined pump power.
- the flow rate of the holding water through the flow reactor is above 0.05 m 3 / h or above 0.1 m 3 / h. According to one embodiment, the flow rate of the holding water through the flow reactor is less than 1 m 3 / h or less than 0.5 m 3 / h. According to one embodiment, the flow rate of the holding water through the flow reactor is between 0.05 m 3 / h and 1.0 m 3 / h, preferably between 0.1 m 3 / h and 0.5 m 3 / h.
- An important advantage of the method and system of the invention is that the added hydroxyl radical precursor compound, such as hydrogen peroxide, is completely destroyed by the UV-C irradiation and thus the initial concentration of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound decreases rapidly. Thus, for example, repeated, multiple additions will not result in undesirable increases in the concentration of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound in the holding water. Thus, damaging effects, for example, by accumulation of this precursor compound on aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants can be avoided.
- hydroxyl radical precursor compound such as hydrogen peroxide
- purification refers to the oxidative degradation of substances in the holding water, as well as the killing effect of the hydroxyl radicals on microorganisms in the holding water, such as bacteria, protozoa or plankton organisms, e.g. Algae.
- Harmful nitrite is rapidly oxidized to harmless nitrate, as well as ammonia (NH 3 ) or ammonium (NH 4 + ). Since the hydroxyl radicals are also destroyed during the oxidation in Hält fürswasser, fall in the oxidation by means of hydroxyl radicals also no waste to be disposed of. The result of the hydroxyl radical-induced purification is significantly better than with all known purification methods.
- a hydroxyl radical precursor compound to the holding water and to irradiate this holding water with UV-C rays to generate hydroxyl radicals.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is preferably present after addition in the holding water, for example in the case of hydrogen peroxide as hydroxyl Radical precursor compound, in a concentration of between 2 mg / 1 and 20 mg / 1, preferably between 3 mg / 1 and 15 mg / 1 before. At concentrations in these ranges, in one embodiment, toxic effects of the added hydroxyl radical precursor compound on the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants may be avoided, eg when hydrogen peroxide is used as the hydroxyl radical precursor compound.
- a concentration of 20 mg / l is considered, for example, when using hydrogen peroxide in water holding water as a toxicity limit and a limit of 2 mg / 1 describes a lower, still reasonable reactivity limit.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is present in a concentration between 4 mg / 1 and 9 mg / 1 or between 4 mg / 1 and 8 mg / 1 after addition in the water supply.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound may be the
- Retention water can be added at any point in the water cycle.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is added to the maintenance water in the aquatic animal and / or aquatic plant area. This embodiment has the advantage that the metered addition can be conveniently introduced into the area which is usually also accessible for feed addition, so that no special measures for the accessibility of the storage system are necessary.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is added to the holding water in the segregated region. This embodiment has the advantage that in this case the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants practically do not come into contact with the hydroxyl radical precursor compound.
- Holding water is added, for example, hydrogen peroxide and / or ozone can be used according to one embodiment, for example.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound is in aqueous solution.
- hydrogen peroxide is used as
- Hydroxyl radical precursor compound used as a hydroxyl radical precursor compound comes in accordance with an embodiment of the presently described method or system in particular an aqueous Hydrogen peroxide solution is used, which may have different concentrations.
- the addition of hydroxyl radical can be added to the precursor compound in the form of compounds which, for example, hydrogen peroxide (for example, a "H 2 0 2 split off compound") cleave only at the dissolution of the compound in the maintenance water.
- hydrogen peroxide for example, a "H 2 0 2 split off compound”
- the following compounds are used:
- Precursor compound also be added to ozone.
- UV-C radiation can also hydroxyl radicals are produced here with their described effect.
- the addition of the ozone can be carried out by means of an ozone generator, which generates a defined proportion of ozone in the ventilation air for the maintenance water to be purified.
- a sufficient amount of dissolved ozone can be achieved in the holding water, which generates by UV-C irradiation hydroxyl radicals.
- the generation of the hydroxyl radicals achieved by the UV-C irradiation takes place here in two stages. First, ozone is split by the UV-C irradiation to oxygen (0 2 ) and an oxygen radical ( ⁇ 0).
- UV-C (e.g., ⁇ 260 nm)
- UV-C (e.g., ⁇ 260 nm)
- UV-C For the irradiation according to the present invention, UV-C
- UV-C rays are characterized by having a wavelength of light greater than about 200 nm, and preferably less than about 280 nm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, UV-C steels with a wavelength of light of 260 nm or less are used.
- the irradiation power in the irradiation with the UV-C rays can be between 5 and 36 watts according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, the irradiation power is between 9 and 18 watts. These radiant powers are advantageous since they make it possible to use the UV-C radiators available in the range of water-holding technology. Typical UV-C emitters that can be used here have, for example, an irradiation power of 5, 9, 11, 18 or 36 watts.
- an output of 5 to 9 watts is sufficient for UV-C irradiation.
- a power of 9 to 36 watts in the UV-C irradiation is sufficient.
- Higher powers of the UV-C emitters used are not harmful, but can increase the oxidative power of the system, calculated in terms of conversion per time.
- UV-C irradiations of Hältansswassers be performed at powers of eg 9 to 18 watts.
- UV-C lamps with 36 watts or even several UV-C lamps with 36 watts can be used.
- a sufficiently intense and rapid oxidative cleaning is already achieved with the above-defined lower benefits of the UV-C emitters.
- the precursor compound is added to the maintenance water between once to twice a week, once every two weeks or once every four weeks.
- This addition may be made manually or, in another embodiment, by an apparatus for adding a hydroxyl radical precursor compound to the holding water, according to one embodiment.
- the addition of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound can also be carried out at irregular intervals, e.g. only when needed, for example, when turbidity in the holding water occur.
- the concentration of substances to be eliminated in the holding water between 1 mg / 1 and 50 mg / 1, preferably between 5 mg / 1 and 40 mg / 1.
- Higher concentrations than, for example, 60 mg / l are usually not to be expected in maintenance water, since substances in these concentrations either are often already toxic to live aquatic animals living in the reservoir water, such as fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles or invertebrates and / or aquatic plants impact, or be highly polluting, environmentally damaging and water quality detrimental.
- Precursor compound which are obtained after addition in the holding water, can be defined various time intervals for the addition according to the presently described method or system. According to one embodiment, e.g. be achieved by disposing a medium to high amount of hydrogen peroxide as the hydroxyl radical precursor compound at longer intervals good results in terms of cleansing effect with the following dosages:
- effective frequent doses may also be performed at frequent intervals of a small amount of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide).
- a small amount of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound e.g., hydrogen peroxide
- Such a lower dosage is suitable e.g. for holding water with low pollution.
- a quasicontinuierliche hydrogen peroxide addition lead to a stable over long periods of constant concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which achieves a sufficient, oxidative and sterilizing effect by the generation of hydroxyl radicals in UV-C irradiation.
- the following dosages can be used:
- the persistent concentration of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound (eg hydrogen peroxide) building up in the holding water according to these embodiments is a result of its addition and consumption by photochemical decomposition by the UV-C irradiation.
- the quasi-continuous addition of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound (eg, hydrogen peroxide) according to the above embodiments can not lead to cumulative, excessive, and possibly toxic concentrations.
- the present method is thus effective and at the same time safe in terms of potentially damaging effect the added hydroxyl radical precursor compound on aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants.
- the holding water may contain substances to be removed or have properties which are selected from the group consisting of COD (chemical oxygen demand), coloring (eg by humic substances), ammonia (NH 3 ), ammonium (NH 4 + ) , organic or biological turbidity, odor (eg by H 2 S), nitrite, germination, water bloom (eg by plankton algae), active pharmaceutical ingredients, and biocides.
- COD chemical oxygen demand
- coloring eg by humic substances
- ammonia NH 3
- ammonium NH 4 +
- organic or biological turbidity eg by H 2 S
- odor eg by H 2 S
- nitrite eg by H 2 S
- germination eg by plankton algae
- active pharmaceutical ingredients eg by plankton algae
- the present method is part of
- the present method is preferably integrated into a circulatory process in which the treated water is always returned to the separate space to be subjected again to the cleaning process. Through continuous use, this cycle process is repeated over long periods of time.
- a conventional biological filtering method is performed. In a conventional biological filtering process, the degradation of pollutants by microbiological activity takes place in a filter medium.
- the synergistic advantage of the interaction of the presently described cleaning method together with a biological filtering method is that, for example, to be removed plankton organisms damaged by the hydroxyl radicals, but only partially degraded, but this damage kills the plankton organisms in part and that the microorganisms in the filter medium can perform the complete degradation of these damaged or killed plankton organisms. If pollutants are oxidatively changed ("oxidized") only partially by the action of the hydroxyl radicals when using the presently described process, activation of the functional groups that allow biological degradation in the biological filter process in the first place, or at least there, occurs The biodegradation in the filter medium thus completes the elimination of Pollutants that was initiated by the action of hydroxyl radicals. Thus, biodegradation processes in the filter medium and other biologically active regions of the containment system can be advantageously combined with the process described herein.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a system which is suitable for carrying out the method for purifying maintenance water containing aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants.
- This system is characterized in that it comprises the following components: a device for adding a hydroxyl radical precursor compound to the holding water,
- Precursor compound is suitable for adding such a precursor compound to the maintenance water.
- the hydroxyl radical precursor compound that can be added with this system can be further characterized in the same way, as already described above.
- the addition device comprises a metering pump with which a defined and adjustable amount of a solution of the hydroxyl radical precursor compound can be added at defined and adjustable time intervals.
- this device comprises single-portion containers of a hydroxyl radical precursor compound in solid form (eg, in tablet or powder form). Controlled by a timer, according to this embodiment, the contents of these containers in a defined and adjustable time interval can be successively added to the holding water by emptying the containers.
- UV-C source one or more of the UV-C emitters already described above can be used according to another embodiment.
- the UV-C source is disposed in a flow-through reactor.
- a UV-C source for example, commercially available UV-C lamps with the power 5 watts, 9 watts, 11 watts, 18 watts and / or 36 watts are used.
- the hydroxyl radicals are generated directly in a UV-C flow reactor by UV-C irradiation from previously added hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydroxyl radicals can react directly on site under strongest oxidation with all vulnerable substances and / or planktonic organisms present in the holding water.
- the generated hydroxyl radicals can not leave the flow reactor, thus further ensuring that no reaction by hydroxyl radicals occurs outside the flow reactor This is advantageous, since thus a possible further damage to the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants by the hydroxyl radicals can be ruled out
- the UV-C irradiation of the keeping water does not take place in the residence area of the aquatic animals and / or aquatic plants.
- - Hydroxyl radicals are formed only in the range of UV-C irradiation, for example in a flow reactor, but due to their short life, this does not get into other areas;
- Oxidation or mineralization of the inorganic and organic substances to be eliminated in the holding water eg complete oxidation of H 2 S, nitrite, or ammonia;
- Holding systems such as aquariums, garden ponds or aquaterraries, are the most suitable additional cleaning and disinfection method.
- the cleansing effect is considerably more intense and extensive than with other methods.
- the present process leads to the best quality of water supply, which is characterized by low-pollutant, low-contaminated, clear and odor-free drinking water.
- the oxidative reduction of planktonic algal cultures by the hydroxyl radicals produced according to the invention is shown as representative of the inventive method and system, since this contamination of the holding water can be easily monitored metrologically via photometric methods.
- the precursor compound e.g., hydrogen peroxide
- the precursor compound may be continuous, but also discontinuous, i. be added to the holding water with time interruptions.
- Example 1 40 m large, studded with Koikarpfen test pond; continuous UV-C irradiation with five 36 watt UV-C lamps.
- Example 2 600 l of large goldfish-studded test pond
- the water is continuously irradiated in a flow reactor with 5 watt UV-C lamps.
- hydrogen peroxide is also used as the hydroxyl radical precursor compound.
- hydrogen peroxide is added at a concentration of 5 mg / l once a week or 10 mg / l once every two weeks.
- the photometrically measured density of plankton algae is then only about 20 to 30 ⁇ g / l or even less over eight to eleven weeks.
- the density of plankton algae is in Check in which no addition of hydrogen peroxide occurs in ranges of 60-90 ⁇ g / L and even above.
- 10 mg / l nitrite are continuously irradiated in a flow reactor with a 5 watt UV-C emitter. After adding the chemically required amount of hydrogen peroxide to complete the oxidation of the amount of nitrite introduced, the nitrite introduced is oxidized to nitrate within a few hours and thus completely disappears.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200910040429 DE102009040429A1 (de) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Reinigung von Hälterungswasser durch Erzeugung von Hydroxyl-Radikalen |
PCT/EP2010/062892 WO2011026910A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-02 | Purification continue d'une eau d'élevage peuplée d'animaux aquatiques et/ou de plantes aquatiques |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2475622A1 true EP2475622A1 (fr) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=42942092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10749648A Withdrawn EP2475622A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-02 | Purification continue d'une eau d'élevage peuplée d'animaux aquatiques et/ou de plantes aquatiques |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2475622A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102009040429A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011026910A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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CN109231414A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-18 | 东华大学 | 一种光催化激活过氧化钙去除水中有机污染物的方法 |
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CN103318985A (zh) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-09-25 | 盐城工学院 | 一种水产养殖用水体解毒剂 |
CN105502666B (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | 一种具有净化水体功能的水陆两生植物群落构建方法 |
CN105858898B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-09-04 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | 一种水体生态修复方法 |
CN107098483A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-29 | 防城港市渔业技术推广站 | 一种水质改良剂 |
CN107162130A (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-09-15 | 云南银益农业科技开发有限公司 | 一种水产养殖的养水方法 |
CN107162098B (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2020-12-25 | 北京建筑大学 | 水中螺旋鱼腥藻的去除方法 |
CN107459188A (zh) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-12 | 江南大学 | 一种去除蓝藻臭味的方法 |
CN110194520A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-03 | 南京泽辉环保科技有限公司 | 一种垃圾渗滤液的强化氧化方法 |
CN114933387A (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-23 | 山东本源环境科技有限公司 | 一种养殖废水光耦合催化反应处理工艺及处理设备 |
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CN109231414B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-11-12 | 东华大学 | 一种光催化激活过氧化钙去除水中有机污染物的方法 |
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DE102009040429A1 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
WO2011026910A1 (fr) | 2011-03-10 |
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