EP2269837B1 - Elément de sécurité et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Elément de sécurité et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2269837B1
EP2269837B1 EP10012391.8A EP10012391A EP2269837B1 EP 2269837 B1 EP2269837 B1 EP 2269837B1 EP 10012391 A EP10012391 A EP 10012391A EP 2269837 B1 EP2269837 B1 EP 2269837B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
security element
liquid crystal
layers
regions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10012391.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2269837B8 (fr
EP2269837A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Dr. Kretschmar
Theodor Dr. Burchard
Manfred Dr. Heim
Thorsten Dr. Pillo
Winfried Dr. Hoffmüller
Jürgen Ruck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication of EP2269837A1 publication Critical patent/EP2269837A1/fr
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Publication of EP2269837B1 publication Critical patent/EP2269837B1/fr
Publication of EP2269837B8 publication Critical patent/EP2269837B8/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/391—Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light
    • B42D2033/26—
    • B42D2035/34—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for securing valuables.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a security element and a valuable article, which is equipped with such a security element.
  • Valuables such as branded goods or value documents, are often provided with security elements to safeguard the authenticity of the object of value and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • optically variable elements are used as security elements, which give the viewer a different image impression, for example a different color impression, at different viewing angles.
  • EP 0 435 029 A2 is such a security element with a plastic-like layer of a liquid crystal polymer is known which shows at room temperature a pronounced color change game.
  • the optically variable effects of the liquid crystal polymers can be checked purely visually, for example by tilting the security element, and are thus readily observable even by laymen.
  • the wavelength-selective reflectivity and the polarization effects of the material also allow a mechanical verification of such security elements.
  • optically relatively complex test and detector arrangements are required.
  • the security thread described here consists of a transparent plastic carrier layer with a metallic coating, in which recesses in the form of characters or patterns, the so-called "negative writing" are provided. These recesses and the metallic environment, if the thread is present in the pulp, hardly visible when viewed in incident light. When viewed in transmitted light, however, the translucent recesses contrast strongly from their opaque environment and are thus easily recognizable.
  • the security element has a magnetic coating which, for example, is provided below the metal layer in the edge regions of the thread and symmetrically to the recesses along the running direction of the element in the document.
  • a security element with an optically variable material wherein the optically variable material may be formed by a liquid crystalline polymer material.
  • the security element has at least one machine-readable feature substance which does not impair the visually visible optically variable effect of the optically variable material.
  • the publication US 6,570,648 further relates to a security tag whose tamper resistance is increased compared to known security tags.
  • the security marking contains a liquid-crystalline material with a chiral phase, wherein in particular at least two liquid-crystalline materials with chiral phase are present within the security marking, which differ in at least one property selected from the group handedness, color and color flop and in the form of a structured or an unstructured one or a multilayer label or in the form of liquid-crystalline pigments in a liquid-crystalline matrix.
  • the publication WO 03/061980 A1 is concerned with a method for producing a substrate for security applications in which a dark resist is applied to a part of a metallic layer, the metal is removed from the areas not covered by the resist and a polymeric liquid crystal material is applied over the resist and the demetallized areas. Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to propose a security element of the type mentioned above, which offers increased protection against counterfeiting and at the same time avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the security element has, at least in regions, a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and, at least in regions, a second layer of liquid-crystalline material.
  • the security element also contains an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature, which is at least partially covered by the first and second layer of liquid-crystalline material.
  • This security element has, in addition to novel, visually verifiable effects that exploit the properties of the combined liquid crystal layers, the advantage of machine testability. About the special mutual assignment on the security element while a relation to the individual security features increased counterfeit protection is guaranteed.
  • the security element has an opaque layer, which is provided at least in regions.
  • first recesses in the form of patterns and / or characters are provided as a first information.
  • opaque non-translucent in the sense of a certain opacity, so that for example in the opaque layer present (translucent) recesses in contrast contrast in transmitted light, but also the effects of arranged on such a layer liquid crystal layers are well perceived.
  • the opaque layer can furthermore be present as a dark, preferably black layer.
  • this can be formed for example of black ink or a black-colored paint.
  • the opaque layer may itself be magnetically and / or electrically conductive and / or luminescent and thus provide the further layer with the machine-readable feature.
  • the opaque layer may also be present as a separate layer.
  • a second information in the form of second recesses may be provided in the opaque layer, which differ in size from the first recesses.
  • the recesses can, for example, together with the first and / or second layer of liquid-crystalline material provide additional information, in particular in the form of a new geometric shape.
  • the circular polarization direction of the light which reflects the second layer of liquid-crystalline material itself or in cooperation with the first layer of liquid-crystalline material, is opposite to the circular polarization direction of the light reflected by the first layer.
  • This can be in one or more the liquid crystal layers encode information that can be read only by using circular or linear polarizers. If the second layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is also formed, the intensity of the total reflected light can also be increased by using the two opposite circular polarization directions.
  • the second layer of liquid-crystalline material forms a phase-shifting layer according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the second layer for light forms substantially a ⁇ / 2-layer from the wavelength range reflected from the first layer.
  • the second layer is preferably formed from nematic liquid-crystalline material which, because of the optical anisotropy of the aligned rod-shaped liquid crystals, makes it possible to produce optically active layers.
  • the ⁇ / 2 layer may also be formed from a plurality of partial layers arranged one above the other and partially rotated relative to one another in the layer plane.
  • the partial layers are particularly advantageously formed by two ⁇ / 4 layers. By partially different rotation of the two ⁇ / 4-part layers, their influence on circularly polarized light can be selectively used to produce, for example, coded halftone images.
  • the wavelength range in which the second layer selectively reflects light differs from the wavelength range in which the first layer selectively reflects light.
  • the second layer is expediently formed from cholesteric liquid-crystalline material.
  • at least a layer of the first and second layers in a viewing direction reflects only light from the invisible portion of the spectrum.
  • the additive color mixing of the reflectance spectra of the two layers of cholesteric liquid crystalline material permits the generation of broader and more unusual color-shift effects.
  • the light from the non-visible part of the spectrum can be, for example, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.
  • At least one further layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material may also be provided.
  • at least one of the layers of liquid crystal material is in the form of pigments embedded in a binder matrix. Such pigments are easier to print than liquid crystals from solution and do not place such high demands on the smoothness of the substrate.
  • the pigment-based printing inks also need no alignment promoting measures.
  • at least one of the layers of liquid crystalline material may advantageously be in the form of characters and / or patterns.
  • a separate first magnetic layer can furthermore be provided at least in regions. This is preferably covered by the opaque layer.
  • the first magnetic layer may be in the form of spaced-apart magnetic regions that form an encoding.
  • the first and / or second recesses of the opaque layer are expediently arranged in the magnetic layer-free intermediate regions.
  • the coding can furthermore extend only over a partial area of the security element.
  • the first magnetic layer can also be present in the form of longitudinal strips running parallel to the thread direction.
  • a second magnetic layer is provided. This can also be arranged so that the visible in transmission recesses remain free.
  • the second magnetic layer can, for example, connect the magnetic regions of the coding to one another.
  • a separate electrically conductive layer may also be provided at least in regions.
  • this is in the form of a layer which is formed from extending parallel to the thread direction, electrically conductive strip, or which is substantially transparent.
  • a separate metallic layer may be provided at least in regions. This can also have recesses. However, the separate metallic layer can also be present over the entire surface, in particular as a rastered metal layer or as a thin, full-surface semitransparent metal layer.
  • the term "semitransparent” or "translucent” means translucent in the sense of a certain translucency, but, unlike transparent materials, objects located behind translucent materials are only diffuse or not recognizable at all.
  • the semitransparent metal layer preferably has an opacity of 40% to 90%.
  • the rastered metal layer can be in the form of a negative grid, in particular in the form of transparent, ie demetallized dots, as a positive grid, in particular in the form of metallic dots, or as a bar screen, in particular in the form of metallic diagonal stripes.
  • the separate metallic layer of the opaque layer in particular of the black-colored paint, at least partially covered.
  • areas of a layer of a transparent lacquer can also be applied to the separate metallic layer.
  • the separate metallic layer may additionally have magnetic properties.
  • At least one of the layers of the security element can contain at least one additional authenticity feature, for example in the form of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments, which are incorporated into the corresponding layer.
  • additional authenticity feature for example in the form of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments, which are incorporated into the corresponding layer.
  • separate layers with a luminescent substance may also be provided.
  • the layers of the security element are arranged on an at least translucent plastic layer.
  • the security element takes the form of a thread or strip at least partially embedded in a document material, such as e.g. Banknote paper, embedded or can be arranged on the surface.
  • a document material such as e.g. Banknote paper
  • the security element forms a label or a transfer element.
  • the invention also encompasses a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and a second layer of liquid-crystalline material are applied to a carrier film, so that they can be deposited in an overlap region are arranged one above the other.
  • the two liquid crystal layers can each be applied to a separate Siegfölie, in particular imprinted, and then laminated one above the other. This makes it possible to check the liquid crystal layers after application to the carrier film separately for suitability for further processing and optionally discard. Alternatively, the two liquid crystal layers can also be applied successively on the same carrier film.
  • first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material After the application of the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material, these layers are applied to an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature such that the further layer is at least partially covered by the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material.
  • the further layer with the machine-readable feature can, for example, be printed with an opaque layer before the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material are applied.
  • the invention further comprises a valuable article, such as a branded article, a value document or the like, with a security element of the type described.
  • the valuable article may, in particular, be a security paper, a value document or a product packaging.
  • Valuables within the meaning of the present invention are in particular banknotes, shares, identity cards, credit cards, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks, high-quality admission tickets, but also other papers that are subject to counterfeiting, such as passports and other identity documents, as well as product security elements such as labels, seals, packaging and the like .
  • object of value in the following includes all such objects, Documents and product safety devices.
  • security paper is understood as the preliminary stage that can not yet be changed over to a value document. Security paper is usually in quasi-endless form and will be processed later.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 1, the two security elements 2 and 6, respectively, which are each formed according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the first security element represents a security thread 2 which emerges in certain window areas 4 on the surface of the banknote 1 while it is embedded in the intervening areas inside the banknote 1.
  • the second security element is formed by a glued-on transfer element 6 of any shape that has been prepared on a separate layer, for example a plastic film, in the reverse order as it comes to rest on the banknote 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic layer structure of a security element 10 in cross section.
  • a background layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature
  • two layers 13, 14 of liquid-crystalline material are applied on a background layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
  • the liquid crystal layers 13, 14 may each have different but also partially the same light-polarizing or refractive properties.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 13 consists of a cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and selectively reflects light in a first wavelength range with a first circular polarization direction.
  • the second liquid-crystal layer can likewise be formed from cholesteric liquid-crystalline material or else from nematic liquid-crystalline material and is present here only in regions in the form of a motif, for example a lettering, or a pattern.
  • the layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature may be formed as an opaque layer which contains or is formed from electrically conductive, magnetic, luminescent substances or substances with other properties which can be checked by machine.
  • the opaque layer can furthermore be present as a dark, preferably black layer.
  • the above layer structure can be present on a film, for example a PET film of good surface quality.
  • alignment or alignment layers and / or adhesive layers may be provided between the liquid crystal layers, the alignment of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers or the connection of the individual liquid crystal layers and the compensation of unevenness serve the underground.
  • Other layers, such as protective layers, release layers or other auxiliary layers may also be provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows a security element 20 according to an embodiment in which on an opaque, preferably black layer 25, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 23 and on this a second liquid crystal layer 24 are arranged.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 24 is only partially in the form of a motif, such as a lettering, or a pattern before.
  • the opaque layer 25 is arranged in the exemplary embodiment on a fully machine-readable layer 26. This can be provided for example by a magnetic layer, an electrically conductive layer, in particular a metal layer.
  • the first and second liquid crystal layers 23 and 24 can each be printed on a smooth PET film of good surface quality.
  • Suitable printing methods are all printing processes suitable for liquid-crystalline layers, such as intaglio, flexographic printing, knifecoating, curtain or blade techniques.
  • the quality and the color spectrum of the individual layers can already be tested in this production stage and, if appropriate, rejected rejects.
  • the liquid crystal layers 23 and 24 are then laminated to the opaque layer 25 and the first liquid crystal layer 23, respectively, using commercially available laminating adhesives.
  • the smoothness of the surface influences the degree of gloss of the security element.
  • the laminating adhesive may cause unevenness of the Underground, as they may occur in the construction of a typical security thread 2, are balanced, so that even for such security elements, a good gloss can be achieved.
  • the carrier foils can be removed. This can be done for example via so-called separation or release layers. These are in particular UV coatings or waxes, which can be activated mechanically or thermally. When separating layers are used, they can be structured on the surface in order to locally promote or prevent orientation of the liquid crystals during application. As a result of an alignment of the liquid crystals in some areas under certain circumstances, motifs such as characters or patterns can be introduced into the liquid crystal layers even when applied over the entire surface.
  • the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the support film must be less than the adhesion of the adhesive to the liquid crystals to permit separation.
  • the adhesion of the adhesive to the layer to which the system is to be transferred must be better than the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the carrier film. It must also be better than the adhesion of the adhesive to the carrier film. The above requirements of the laminating adhesive are particularly important if the liquid crystal layer to be transferred is not formed over the entire surface.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 24 is applied in an analogous manner to the laminated in the composite now above the first liquid crystal layer 23.
  • the liquid crystal layers can each be laminated on top of each other, printed on top of each other or applied in a different way, wherein optionally not shown alignment layers or adhesive layers between the layers can be provided.
  • FIGS. 4 . 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 and FIGS. 13 to 16 show further exemplary embodiments of the invention in which, in addition to the color-shift effect, the particular light-polarizing properties of the liquid crystal layers are utilized above all.
  • the polarization direction of the light is indicated in part in these figures by additional arrow symbols on the propagation vectors of the light.
  • a circular polarization in which the circular motion of the electric field strength vector is clockwise from an observer's point of view is referred to as right circular polarization, counter polarization as left circular polarization.
  • Fig. 4 1 shows a security element 80 having a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 82 and a ⁇ / 2 layer 84 applied in regions on the liquid crystal layer 82 and containing nematic liquid-crystalline material ( Fig. 4 (a) ).
  • nematic liquid crystals it is possible to produce optically active layers along the main crystal axes due to the different refractive indices of the rod-shaped liquid crystals.
  • a ⁇ / 2 layer is obtained for the wavelength range in which the first liquid crystal layer 82 selectively reflects.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 82 reflects light having a preselected circular polarization direction, for example, left circularly polarized light (L).
  • the security element 80 reflects light with the opposite polarization direction, in the exemplary embodiment, right-circularly polarized light (R), since the incident unpolarized light is not affected by the ⁇ / 2 layer 84, the polarization direction of the first liquid crystal layer 82 is reflected, however, by the path difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary beam in its polarization orientation just reversed, left circularly polarized light from the ⁇ / 2 layer 84.
  • the motif formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 84 is barely discernible since the security element in the covered and uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light and the unaided eye can not distinguish the circular polarization direction of the light.
  • the nematic liquid crystalline material is achromatically dispersive, i. if the dispersion or the wavelength dependence of the refractive index over the selected wavelength range is negligible. In this case, the direction of rotation of the circular polarization in the nematic liquid crystal layer is reversed, the phase shift corresponding to ⁇ / 2. If the nematic liquid-crystalline material is chromatically dispersive, then the phase shift in the nematic liquid-crystal layer is no longer exactly ⁇ / 2 for each wavelength and elliptical polarization occurs. The nematic layer then appears dark gray rather than black.
  • a nematic liquid crystal layer 84 in the form of a motif can be printed on a smooth PET film of good surface quality in a layer thickness which is chosen such that a wavelength range in which the first liquid crystal layer 82 selectively reflects ⁇ / 2 layer is obtained.
  • the liquid crystal layer is applied at a coating weight of about 2 g / m 2 .
  • the liquid crystal layer is crosslinked by means of ultraviolet radiation.
  • a layer 82 of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is printed over the entire surface of the PET film partially coated with nematic liquid-crystalline material, for example likewise in a coating weight of approximately 2 g / m 2 . It is understood that the required coating quantities depend in particular on the paints used.
  • This layer is also crosslinked after physical drying by means of ultraviolet radiation.
  • the two-layered liquid-crystal structure produced in this way is then laminated by means of commercially available laminating adhesives via the cholesteric liquid-crystal layer 82 now lying on top to an opaque, preferably black layer 22, which is additionally electrically conductive in this exemplary embodiment.
  • an electrically conductive black background can be provided, for example, by a lacquer layer colored with carbon black pigments.
  • the opaque layer 22 may also be formed by a black ink provided with magnetic pigments.
  • the carrier film can be removed. This can be done for example via separating layers. These are in particular UV coatings or waxes, which can be activated mechanically or thermally.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 82 imprinted over the entire surface can also serve as an auxiliary layer between the laminating adhesive and the PET film and thus prevent the film break otherwise possible when the PET film is pulled off, which can occur, in particular, when non-full-surface layers are transferred.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment is in Fig. 5 shown schematically.
  • a first liquid crystal layer 92 of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22, and a second liquid crystal layer 94 of nematic liquid-crystalline material in the form of a motif is applied thereon.
  • the layer thickness of the second nematic liquid crystal layer 94 is chosen such that it forms approximately a ⁇ / 2 layer.
  • the opaque layer 22 in this embodiment contains a material made of a magnetic material, for example in the form of magnetic pigments or magnetic iron.
  • a section along A - A through this security element is in Fig. 5 (b) shown.
  • Fig. 5 (a) shown formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 94 motif, which is composed of the ⁇ / 2-layer-covered image parts 98 and uncovered image parts 96, is barely recognizable without aids, since the security element 90 in the covered as the uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light and the unaided eye can not distinguish the circular polarization direction of the light.
  • the circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 92 constitutes a linear combination of linearly polarized light.
  • the linear polarizer 91 it is therefore possible to incorporate into the in Fig. 5 (c), (e) situations that recognize a portion of the circularly polarized light, in the in Fig. 5 (d), (f) ) situations illustrated the other.
  • the background formed by the uncovered image parts 96 therefore appears gray to the viewer essentially independently of the position of the linear polarizer.
  • Fig. 6 shows in principle the external appearance of a security element 160 shown in the form of a thread according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 (a) only the (hidden) encoding 165 and the recesses 163,164 shown in their relative position to each other on the security element 160.
  • the coding 165 extends over the entire width of the thread. It is composed of regions 161 provided with magnetic material and magnetic layer-free regions 162.
  • the encoding 165 consists of equal-sized bit cells, either filled with magnetic material (e.g., binary "1") or not (e.g., binary "0").
  • the magnetic layer-free regions 162 of the coding 165 are used in order to arrange the transmittable recesses 163, 164 here. In this way, the negative writing formed by the recesses 163, 164 and the coding 165 can be jointly provided on a thread without interfering with each other.
  • the recesses 163 can therefore be arranged in the middle of the thread and produced in the usual size, as is the case with threads which have only one negative writing.
  • the thread has the same external appearance as a conventional negative-writing security thread. None indicates from the outside that a magnetic coding is arranged on the thread at the same time.
  • the recesses 164 are executed as micro-characters, ie have a much smaller size than the recesses 163, since the micro-characters can not be imitated or only with great effort. For example, you can the recesses 163 have a size of more than 1 mm and the recesses 164 have a size of less than 1 mm.
  • the motif formed in the nematic liquid-crystal layer 174 formed as a ⁇ / 2 layer emerges with a clear contrast.
  • the image parts 168 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer 174 appear light or colored, whereas the uncovered image parts 166 appear dark or black.
  • a circular polarizer which transmits only left circularly polarized light
  • there is a reverse (negative) image impression Fig. 6 (d)
  • the motif formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 174 is hardly recognizable.
  • FIG. 6 (b) A section along B - B through this thread is in Fig. 6 (b) shown schematically.
  • the magnetic coding 165 which is formed by the regions 161 provided with magnetic material and the magnetic layer-free regions 162 and is completely covered by an opaque, preferably black layer 175, is present in the exemplary embodiment on a rastered metal layer 176, which in turn is arranged on an at least translucent plastic layer 170, for example a PET film.
  • the rasterized metal layer 176 incorporated in the Fig. 6 (a), (c), (d) is indicated in the recesses 163,164, in the exemplary embodiment, a dashed line 167 on. This creates a certain semitransparency of the metal layer 176, whereby the recesses 163,164 are also visible in transmitted light.
  • An analogous effect can be achieved by using a very thin, continuous metal layer.
  • the plastic material 170 is provided in a first step with a metal layer 176, which is produced by rastered application of an opaque metal layer in the form of a grid. Alternatively, a very thin, continuous metal layer can also be vapor-deposited.
  • the magnetic layer 165 is applied to the metal layer 176 in the areas 161, which is subsequently covered with an opaque, preferably black printing ink, at the same time producing the negative characters formed by the recesses 163, 164.
  • the liquid crystal layers 172, 174 are provided above this layer structure. Due to the semitransparency of the metal layer, recesses 163, 164 remain transparent in transmitted light.
  • the security element according to other embodiments may have additional magnetic layers.
  • the security element according to the invention can also be combined with magnetic encodings in a particularly advantageous manner, as is known from US Pat WO 98/25236 A1 are known.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 7 shows a security element according to the invention 180 with a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 182 and a second liquid crystal layer 184, which, as described in detail below, also from cholesteric material or from nematic liquid-crystalline material is formed.
  • the security element 180 further comprises a metal layer 185 which is applied to an at least translucent plastic layer 181 and which is printed with an opaque, preferably black layer 186.
  • the opaque layer 186 is formed by a protective lacquer containing black pigments.
  • the black pigments may also be provided by carbon black pigments.
  • a such protective lacquer then additionally has a certain electrical conductivity and is accordingly machine-readable.
  • the resist may also be provided with magnetic pigments.
  • a layer 188 of a transparent protective lacquer is further provided on the metal layer 185.
  • the metal layer 185 printed with the black and the transparent protective lacquer layer 186 or 188 is partially demetallised by means of one of the known methods, for example using an etchant.
  • the areas not provided with the protective lacquer layers 186, 188 are thereby removed.
  • the liquid-crystal layers are then applied to this layer structure as described above, wherein optionally not shown alignment layers or adhesive layers can be provided between the layers.
  • the metal layer 185 is only perceptible in the areas provided with the transparent protective lacquer layer 188.
  • the security element has the color-shift effects described here, which clearly appear due to the dark background.
  • the opaque metal layer 185 can be seen both in the areas with the transparent protective lacquer layer 188 and in the areas with the blackened protective lacquer layer 186.
  • the security element is configured in such a way that the recesses in the opaque layer together with the liquid crystal layers form additional information, for example a new geometric shape, whereby both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
  • additional information for example a new geometric shape, whereby both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
  • the security element 190 has a layer structure whose layer sequence is substantially the same as in FIG Fig. 3 corresponds to the layer sequence shown.
  • the metal layer 191 is designed as a thin, semitransparent or rastered metal layer which is present over the whole area.
  • On the metal layer 191 is an in Fig. 8 not shown opaque, preferably black layer disposed on which a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 192 is present in overlap.
  • the liquid crystal layer 192 clearly appears in the shape of a triangle 194 only in the areas where it overlaps with the opaque layer.
  • the image parts 196 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer of nematic liquid crystal material are indicated by a dotted line in FIG Fig. 8 (a) merely indicated and can hardly be recognized without aids, since the security element in the covered as well as the uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light.
  • the star pattern formed by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 192 appears substantially completely.
  • the security element 190 by a circular polarizer 199 the only light of a circular polarization, for example left circular polarized light, transmitted, so the formed in the formed as a ⁇ / 2-layer nematic liquid crystal layer motif emerges clearly in the form of a hexagon.
  • the image portions 196 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer appear dark and black respectively, while the uncovered image portions appear bright and colored, respectively.
  • a reverse (negative) image impression results when using a circular polarizer, which transmits only right circularly polarized light.
  • illustrated situation corresponds to in Fig. 8 (c) shown except for the fact that the security element 190 is present here on a light surface.
  • the liquid crystal layer 192 therefore clearly appears only in the areas overlapping with the opaque layer.
  • FIGS. 9 to 16 schematically show further embodiments of the invention, in which specifically the special properties of the liquid crystal layers are used.
  • the security element 60 of Fig. 9 contains two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 62 and 64, which are applied in the embodiment on an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature. Of course, other layers can be provided in the layer structure.
  • the two liquid crystal layers 62 and 64 have the same color reflection spectrum, but differ in the orientation of the reflected circular polarization. While the first liquid crystal layer 62 in the embodiment reflects left circularly polarized light, the second liquid crystal layer 64 reflects right circularly polarized light. In contrast, left circularly polarized light is transmitted by the second liquid crystal layer 64 without substantial absorption. It is understood that the polarization directions given serve only for illustration and, of course, can be chosen differently within the scope of the invention.
  • Such opposing selective reflection can be achieved, for example, by creating the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 62 and 64 from the same nematic liquid crystal system using mutually mirror-image twisters.
  • a mirror-image helical arrangement of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules in the two liquid crystal layers can be achieved, so that one layer reflects right-handed, the other layer left circularly polarized light.
  • the color of the light reflected from the liquid crystal layers depends on the viewing direction as in the above-described embodiments, and changes from red to green, for example, in the transition from vertical to acute viewing.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 62 is in the embodiment of the Fig. 9 only partially in the form of a motif, such as a lettering, or a pattern ago. If the security element 60 is viewed without auxiliary means, then the color-shift effect of the second liquid-crystal layer 64 appears in the first place. In the overlapping region 68 of the two layers, the motif is recognizable with the same color impression, but with respect to its surroundings increased brightness, since in the overlap region 68 light of both circular polarization directions is reflected, while outside only neurosciencezirkular polarized light is reflected, as by the arrows 70 of the reflected light displayed.
  • a circular polarizer 72 which transmits only left circularly polarized light
  • the motif formed by the first liquid crystal layer 62 occurs with strong brightness contrast because the circular polarizer 72 completely fades out the right circularly polarized light reflected by the second liquid crystal layer 64.
  • a circular polarizer 72 may be formed, for example, by a linear polarizer and a downstream ⁇ / 4 plate.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 64 or both liquid crystal layers 62, 64 may be present in the form of motifs in an analogous manner.
  • a motif in the second liquid crystal layer 64 can be made clearly visible by using a circular polarizer which transmits right circularly polarized light. With a viewing device containing both types of polarizers, the motifs can be easily displayed in one or both layers.
  • Fig. 10 shows a security element 30 according to an embodiment of the invention, in which on an provided with a machine-readable feature opaque, preferably black layer 22, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 32 and on this a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 34 are arranged. Due to the interplay of the two liquid crystal layers 32 and 34, the security element 30 has a novel color-shift effect, which conveys to the viewer a color impression that changes with the viewing direction. When viewed vertically, the security element 30 appears to the viewer in the exemplary embodiment blue / violet (reflected radiation 301), while viewed from an acute angle, it offers a red color impression (reflected radiation 302).
  • This novel color-changing game in which the color impression of the security element when tilting from short-wave to longer-wave light is due to the fact that the first liquid crystal layer 32 reflects blue light (arrow 321) in the vertical viewing direction and shorter-wave UV radiation (arrow 322) in the acute-angled viewing direction.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 34 is formed to reflect infrared radiation (arrow 341) in the perpendicular viewing direction and shorter wavelength red light (arrow 342) in the acute viewing direction.
  • the two reflection components 321 and 342 lying outside the visible spectral range do not contribute to the color impression of the security element, so that a blue color impression 301 results for the viewer when viewed vertically and a long-wave red color impression 302 when viewed at an acute angle.
  • a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 42 and on this a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 are applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 42 is only applied in regions to the opaque layer 22 and forms a motif by the shape or outline of the applied areas, in the exemplary embodiment a blazon 46.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 44 is over the entire area on the first liquid crystal layer 42 or in FIG applied to the exposed areas on the opaque layer 22.
  • the two liquid crystal layers are matched to one another such that the coat of arms motif 46 when viewing the security element (FIG. Fig. 11 (b) ) is clearly visible to the viewer and disappears when tilting the security element 40, ie the transition from vertical to acute angle viewing, as in Figure 11 (c) indicated by the dashed outline.
  • the disappearance of the coat of arms motif 46 is achieved in that the partially applied liquid crystal layer 42 when tilting a color shift effect of blue (arrow 421) to ultraviolet (arrow 422) shows, while the second liquid crystal layer 44 has a changing between two colors of the visible spectral range color shift effect and, for example varies between red (arrow 441) and green (arrow 442).
  • a color impression 401 results in the overlapping area 48 of the two layers, which is given by the additive color mixing of the blue light 421 of the first liquid crystal layer 42 and the red light 441 of the second liquid crystal layer 44, while outside the overlapping area only the red color impression of the second liquid crystal layer 44 can be seen. Due to the color contrast in the reflected light 401, the crest motif 46 clearly emerges for the viewer.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 42 in the overlapping region 48 only reflects ultraviolet light lying outside the visible spectral range to the viewer.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 thus contributes neither to the color impression 402 of the security element 40 in the overlapping area 48 nor outside the overlapping area. Under acute viewing angle, the motif is therefore not visible, and the viewer has the impression that the crest motif 46 disappears when tilting the security element 40 from the vertical.
  • a security element 50 with a motif appearing on tilting can be produced, as in FIG Fig. 12 shown.
  • a partially applied cholesteric liquid crystal layer 52 is so formed so that it shows a color shift effect of infrared (arrow 521) to red (arrow 522) when tilting.
  • a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 54 again exhibits a color shift effect between two colors of the visible spectral range, and varies, for example, between cyan (arrow 541) and violet (arrow 542).
  • the subject 56 is not visible when viewed perpendicularly in the reflected light 501, since at most invisible infrared radiation from the first liquid crystal layer 52 is reflected in the vertical viewing direction. Only when the security element 50 is tilted does the subject become recognizable to the observer, since the first liquid crystal layer 52 then reflects red light to the viewer in the overlapping area 58, and the subject 56 in the reflected light 502 thus stands out from the violet color impression outside the overlapping area 58.
  • the security element has a three-layered liquid crystal structure in which a ⁇ / 2 layer is arranged between two cholesteric liquid crystal layers having the same light-polarizing properties.
  • the security element 100 has a layer sequence applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature, which comprises a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid-crystalline material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106.
  • the light-polarizing properties of the first and second liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 are identical, so that the two layers taken by themselves have light in the same preselected wavelength range and with reflect the same preselected circular polarization direction. All layers can be applied over the entire surface or only in certain areas in order to form different or complementary motifs, such as characters or patterns.
  • Fig. 13 The reflection properties of the different possible layer sequences are in Fig. 13 illustrated. It is assumed that the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 reflect left-circularly polarized light and the illumination of the security element takes place with unpolarized light.
  • first region 110 in which only the first liquid crystal layer 102 is present, left circularly polarized light is reflected.
  • the security element In a second region 112, in which the first liquid crystal layer 102 is covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104, the security element reflects, as already described in connection with FIG Fig. 4 explains, right circularly polarized light.
  • the upper liquid crystal layer 106 In a third region 114 in which all three layers are present, the upper liquid crystal layer 106 reflects left circularly polarized light and transmits right circularly polarized light. The transmitted light is converted by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 into left circularly polarized light, which is then reflected by the first liquid crystal layer 102.
  • the reflected light is converted by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 again into right-circularly polarized light, which is transmitted from the second liquid crystal layer 106.
  • the layer sequence 102, 104, 106 also reflects right-circularly polarized light, as in FIG Figure 13 shown.
  • the upper liquid crystal layer 106 reflects left circularly polarized light.
  • the transmitted right circular polarized Light is also transmitted by the lower liquid crystal layer 102 and absorbed in the black layer 22.
  • the security element thus reflects only left circularly polarized light in this area.
  • the security element 120 of Fig. 14 includes, as the above-described security element 100 of Fig. 13 a layer sequence comprising a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid crystal material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106 applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
  • a layer sequence comprising a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid crystal material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106 applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
  • ⁇ / 2-layer 104 formed in the form of a motif, while the first and second liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 are applied over the entire surface.
  • the motif of the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 appears with the same color impression as its surroundings, but is already in the regions 126 due to the reflection of both the left circular and the right circularly polarized light by the substantially double amount of reflected light recognizable without aids.
  • the security element 120 is illuminated by a circular polarizer 122 with right circularly polarized light, the subject appears to the viewer 124 without further aids having strong contrast, since the right circularly polarized light is in the areas 126 in which all three Layers overlap, is reflected, while in areas 128 without ⁇ / 2-layer 104 from the upper and lower liquid crystal layers 106 and 102, respectively, and absorbed in the black layer 22.
  • Fig. 15 shows a security element 130 according to a further embodiment of the invention, with respect to its layer sequence substantially as the security element 120 of Fig. 14 is constructed.
  • the intermediate layer 132 of the security element 130 is constructed from two ⁇ / 4 partial layers 134 and 136, which can be locally rotated relative to one another in their orientation in the layer plane.
  • right-circularly polarized light is therefore - analogous to the partial area 128 of FIG Fig. 14 - Transmitted from the layer sequence and finally absorbed by the black layer 22.
  • the intermediate layer 132 causes a certain proportion of right-circularly polarized light to reflect from the layer sequence becomes.
  • the size of the reflected portion decreases with increasing rotation angle continuously off.
  • the ⁇ / 2 layer can of course also be replaced by two ⁇ / 4-part layers. These ⁇ / 4-part layers may also be locally rotated in their orientation in the layer plane against each other.
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment in which both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
  • FIG. 16 (a) FIG. 5 shows the construction of a security element 150 having an opaque, preferably black, layer 22, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 152 and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 154 applied thereto, provided with a machine-readable feature.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 152 has a first color-shift effect, for example from green to blue, and in addition only reflects light of a preselected circular polarization direction, for example right-circularly polarized light.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 154 has a second color shift effect, for example from magenta to green, and also reflects only light of the circular polarization direction opposite the first liquid crystal layer, in the exemplary embodiment left circularly polarized light. If the security element 150 is illuminated with unpolarized Considered light and without auxiliary means, the two color shift effects are superimposed by additive color mixing of the reflected light.
  • each of the liquid crystal layers 152, 154 may also be replaced by a combination of a ⁇ / 2 layer with a cholesteric layer mirroring the original layer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Elément de sécurité (180) pour la protection d'objets de valeur, comprenant :
    - une première couche (182), présente au moins par zones, en un matériau cristal liquide cholestérique,
    - une deuxième couche (184), présente au moins par zones, en un matériau cristal liquide cholestérique,
    - une couche supplémentaire, présente au moins par zones, comportant une caractéristique lisible par une machine, qui est recouverte au moins par zones par les première et deuxième couches en un matériau cristal liquide, la plage de longueurs d'onde dans laquelle la deuxième couche (184) reflète sélectivement de la lumière étant différente de la plage de longueurs d'onde dans laquelle la première couche (182) reflète sélectivement de la lumière et au moins une des couches (182, 184) en un matériau cristal liquide étant présente sous forme de signes et/ou de modèles, l'élément de sécurité présentant une couche opaque (186) qui est prévue au moins par zones et qui constitue l'autre couche comportant la caractéristique lisible par une machine, étant prévus, dans la couche opaque (186), de premiers évidements détectables en transmission sous forme de modèles et/ou de signes servant de première information.
  2. Elément de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche opaque constitue un fond foncé pour la première et/ou la deuxième couche en matériau cristal liquide.
  3. Elément de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche opaque est configurée comme une encre d'imprimerie noire ou une peinture colorée en noir dans la masse.
  4. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche opaque est magnétique et/ou conductrice de l'électricité et/ou luminescente.
  5. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une seconde information est prévue sous forme de seconds évidements dans la couche opaque, lesquels évidements se distinguent par leur taille des premiers évidements.
  6. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les premiers et/ou seconds évidements constituent dans la couche opaque, avec la première et/ou deuxième couche de matériau cristal liquide, une information supplémentaire.
  7. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le sens de polarisation circulaire de la lumière que la deuxième couche en un matériau cristal liquide réfléchit elle-même ou en coopération avec la première couche en un matériau cristal liquide, est opposé au sens de la polarisation circulaire de la lumière réfléchie par la première couche.
  8. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que qu'au moins une couche sur les première et deuxième couches reflète, dans un sens d'observation, seulement de la lumière provenant de la partie non visible du spectre.
  9. Elément de sécurité selon au moins la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la lumière provenant de la partie non visible du spectre est un rayonnement infrarouge ou un rayonnement ultraviolet.
  10. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une première couche magnétique séparée est prévue du moins par zones, en particulier que la première couche magnétique séparée est recouverte par la couche opaque.
  11. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche conductrice d'électricité séparée est prévue du moins par zones, en particulier que la couche conductrice d'électricité séparée est présente sous forme d'une couche qui est constituée de bandes conductrices d'électricité orientées parallèlement au sens du fil ou qui est sensiblement transparente.
  12. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche métallique séparée est prévue du moins par zones, en particulier que la couche métallique séparée présente des évidements.
  13. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des couches de l'élément de sécurité contient au moins une caractéristique d'authenticité supplémentaire, en particulier que la caractéristique d'authenticité est sélectionnée dans le groupe composé des substances luminescentes, des pigments colorés et des pigments à effet.
  14. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité (180) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel on applique sur une feuille support une première couche (182) en un matériau cristal liquide cholestérique et une deuxième couche (184) en un matériau cristal liquide cholestérique, de façon qu'elles soient disposées l'une au-dessus de l'autre dans une zone de chevauchement, la première et la deuxième couches (182, 184) en un matériau cristal liquide étant appliquées sur une couche supplémentaire présente au moins par zones et comportant une caractéristique lisible par une machine de manière à ce que la couche supplémentaire soit recouverte au moins par zones par les première et deuxième couches (182, 184) en un matériau cristal liquide, la couche supplémentaire comportant une caractéristique lisible par une machine étant constituée par une couche opaque qui est prévue du moins par zones, étant prévus, dans la couche opaque, de premiers évidements détectables en transmission sous forme de modèles et/ou de signes faisant office de première information et la plage de longueur d'ondes dans laquelle la deuxième couche (184) reflète sélectivement de la lumière étant différente de la plage de longueur d'ondes dans laquelle la première couche (182) reflète sélectivement de la lumière et au moins une des couches (182, 184) en matériau cristal liquide étant appliquée sous forme de signes et/ou de modèles.
  15. Objet de valeur, tel qu'un article de marque, un document de valeur ou analogues, comportant un élément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13 ou un élément de sécurité pouvant être fabriqué selon la revendication 14, l'objet de valeur étant en particulier un papier de sécurité, un document de valeur ou un emballage de produit.
EP10012391.8A 2004-08-12 2005-08-08 Elément de sécurité et son procédé de fabrication Active EP2269837B8 (fr)

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DE102004039355A DE102004039355A1 (de) 2004-08-12 2004-08-12 Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP05784426A EP1836057B1 (fr) 2004-08-12 2005-08-08 Element de securite et procede de production de cet element

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EP05784426A Division EP1836057B1 (fr) 2004-08-12 2005-08-08 Element de securite et procede de production de cet element

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EP2269837A1 EP2269837A1 (fr) 2011-01-05
EP2269837B1 true EP2269837B1 (fr) 2016-10-12
EP2269837B8 EP2269837B8 (fr) 2017-04-19

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US (1) US8622435B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1836057B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN100560380C (fr)
AT (1) ATE484398T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0515000A (fr)
CA (1) CA2575498A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004039355A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2352848T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007001546A (fr)
PL (1) PL1836057T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2384416C2 (fr)
SI (1) SI1836057T1 (fr)
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CN100469590C (zh) 2009-03-18
US20080054621A1 (en) 2008-03-06
ZA200702029B (en) 2008-09-25
CN1993236A (zh) 2007-07-04
EP1836057B1 (fr) 2010-10-13
CN101001758A (zh) 2007-07-18
EP2269837B8 (fr) 2017-04-19
RU2007108660A (ru) 2008-09-20
RU2384416C2 (ru) 2010-03-20
EP1836057A1 (fr) 2007-09-26
CN100560380C (zh) 2009-11-18
US8622435B2 (en) 2014-01-07
ES2352848T3 (es) 2011-02-23
DE102004039355A1 (de) 2006-02-23
ATE484398T1 (de) 2010-10-15
SI1836057T1 (sl) 2011-01-31
WO2006018172A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
DE502005010400D1 (en) 2010-11-25
ZA200702028B (en) 2008-07-30
MX2007001546A (es) 2008-03-04
BRPI0515000A (pt) 2008-07-01
PL1836057T3 (pl) 2011-04-29
EP2269837A1 (fr) 2011-01-05

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