EP2269837B1 - Security element and method of manufacturing thereof - Google Patents
Security element and method of manufacturing thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2269837B1 EP2269837B1 EP10012391.8A EP10012391A EP2269837B1 EP 2269837 B1 EP2269837 B1 EP 2269837B1 EP 10012391 A EP10012391 A EP 10012391A EP 2269837 B1 EP2269837 B1 EP 2269837B1
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- layer
- security element
- liquid crystal
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
- B42D25/391—Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a security element for securing valuables.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such a security element and a valuable article, which is equipped with such a security element.
- Valuables such as branded goods or value documents, are often provided with security elements to safeguard the authenticity of the object of value and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
- optically variable elements are used as security elements, which give the viewer a different image impression, for example a different color impression, at different viewing angles.
- EP 0 435 029 A2 is such a security element with a plastic-like layer of a liquid crystal polymer is known which shows at room temperature a pronounced color change game.
- the optically variable effects of the liquid crystal polymers can be checked purely visually, for example by tilting the security element, and are thus readily observable even by laymen.
- the wavelength-selective reflectivity and the polarization effects of the material also allow a mechanical verification of such security elements.
- optically relatively complex test and detector arrangements are required.
- the security thread described here consists of a transparent plastic carrier layer with a metallic coating, in which recesses in the form of characters or patterns, the so-called "negative writing" are provided. These recesses and the metallic environment, if the thread is present in the pulp, hardly visible when viewed in incident light. When viewed in transmitted light, however, the translucent recesses contrast strongly from their opaque environment and are thus easily recognizable.
- the security element has a magnetic coating which, for example, is provided below the metal layer in the edge regions of the thread and symmetrically to the recesses along the running direction of the element in the document.
- a security element with an optically variable material wherein the optically variable material may be formed by a liquid crystalline polymer material.
- the security element has at least one machine-readable feature substance which does not impair the visually visible optically variable effect of the optically variable material.
- the publication US 6,570,648 further relates to a security tag whose tamper resistance is increased compared to known security tags.
- the security marking contains a liquid-crystalline material with a chiral phase, wherein in particular at least two liquid-crystalline materials with chiral phase are present within the security marking, which differ in at least one property selected from the group handedness, color and color flop and in the form of a structured or an unstructured one or a multilayer label or in the form of liquid-crystalline pigments in a liquid-crystalline matrix.
- the publication WO 03/061980 A1 is concerned with a method for producing a substrate for security applications in which a dark resist is applied to a part of a metallic layer, the metal is removed from the areas not covered by the resist and a polymeric liquid crystal material is applied over the resist and the demetallized areas. Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to propose a security element of the type mentioned above, which offers increased protection against counterfeiting and at the same time avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the security element has, at least in regions, a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and, at least in regions, a second layer of liquid-crystalline material.
- the security element also contains an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature, which is at least partially covered by the first and second layer of liquid-crystalline material.
- This security element has, in addition to novel, visually verifiable effects that exploit the properties of the combined liquid crystal layers, the advantage of machine testability. About the special mutual assignment on the security element while a relation to the individual security features increased counterfeit protection is guaranteed.
- the security element has an opaque layer, which is provided at least in regions.
- first recesses in the form of patterns and / or characters are provided as a first information.
- opaque non-translucent in the sense of a certain opacity, so that for example in the opaque layer present (translucent) recesses in contrast contrast in transmitted light, but also the effects of arranged on such a layer liquid crystal layers are well perceived.
- the opaque layer can furthermore be present as a dark, preferably black layer.
- this can be formed for example of black ink or a black-colored paint.
- the opaque layer may itself be magnetically and / or electrically conductive and / or luminescent and thus provide the further layer with the machine-readable feature.
- the opaque layer may also be present as a separate layer.
- a second information in the form of second recesses may be provided in the opaque layer, which differ in size from the first recesses.
- the recesses can, for example, together with the first and / or second layer of liquid-crystalline material provide additional information, in particular in the form of a new geometric shape.
- the circular polarization direction of the light which reflects the second layer of liquid-crystalline material itself or in cooperation with the first layer of liquid-crystalline material, is opposite to the circular polarization direction of the light reflected by the first layer.
- This can be in one or more the liquid crystal layers encode information that can be read only by using circular or linear polarizers. If the second layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is also formed, the intensity of the total reflected light can also be increased by using the two opposite circular polarization directions.
- the second layer of liquid-crystalline material forms a phase-shifting layer according to a preferred embodiment.
- the second layer for light forms substantially a ⁇ / 2-layer from the wavelength range reflected from the first layer.
- the second layer is preferably formed from nematic liquid-crystalline material which, because of the optical anisotropy of the aligned rod-shaped liquid crystals, makes it possible to produce optically active layers.
- the ⁇ / 2 layer may also be formed from a plurality of partial layers arranged one above the other and partially rotated relative to one another in the layer plane.
- the partial layers are particularly advantageously formed by two ⁇ / 4 layers. By partially different rotation of the two ⁇ / 4-part layers, their influence on circularly polarized light can be selectively used to produce, for example, coded halftone images.
- the wavelength range in which the second layer selectively reflects light differs from the wavelength range in which the first layer selectively reflects light.
- the second layer is expediently formed from cholesteric liquid-crystalline material.
- at least a layer of the first and second layers in a viewing direction reflects only light from the invisible portion of the spectrum.
- the additive color mixing of the reflectance spectra of the two layers of cholesteric liquid crystalline material permits the generation of broader and more unusual color-shift effects.
- the light from the non-visible part of the spectrum can be, for example, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.
- At least one further layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material may also be provided.
- at least one of the layers of liquid crystal material is in the form of pigments embedded in a binder matrix. Such pigments are easier to print than liquid crystals from solution and do not place such high demands on the smoothness of the substrate.
- the pigment-based printing inks also need no alignment promoting measures.
- at least one of the layers of liquid crystalline material may advantageously be in the form of characters and / or patterns.
- a separate first magnetic layer can furthermore be provided at least in regions. This is preferably covered by the opaque layer.
- the first magnetic layer may be in the form of spaced-apart magnetic regions that form an encoding.
- the first and / or second recesses of the opaque layer are expediently arranged in the magnetic layer-free intermediate regions.
- the coding can furthermore extend only over a partial area of the security element.
- the first magnetic layer can also be present in the form of longitudinal strips running parallel to the thread direction.
- a second magnetic layer is provided. This can also be arranged so that the visible in transmission recesses remain free.
- the second magnetic layer can, for example, connect the magnetic regions of the coding to one another.
- a separate electrically conductive layer may also be provided at least in regions.
- this is in the form of a layer which is formed from extending parallel to the thread direction, electrically conductive strip, or which is substantially transparent.
- a separate metallic layer may be provided at least in regions. This can also have recesses. However, the separate metallic layer can also be present over the entire surface, in particular as a rastered metal layer or as a thin, full-surface semitransparent metal layer.
- the term "semitransparent” or "translucent” means translucent in the sense of a certain translucency, but, unlike transparent materials, objects located behind translucent materials are only diffuse or not recognizable at all.
- the semitransparent metal layer preferably has an opacity of 40% to 90%.
- the rastered metal layer can be in the form of a negative grid, in particular in the form of transparent, ie demetallized dots, as a positive grid, in particular in the form of metallic dots, or as a bar screen, in particular in the form of metallic diagonal stripes.
- the separate metallic layer of the opaque layer in particular of the black-colored paint, at least partially covered.
- areas of a layer of a transparent lacquer can also be applied to the separate metallic layer.
- the separate metallic layer may additionally have magnetic properties.
- At least one of the layers of the security element can contain at least one additional authenticity feature, for example in the form of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments, which are incorporated into the corresponding layer.
- additional authenticity feature for example in the form of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments, which are incorporated into the corresponding layer.
- separate layers with a luminescent substance may also be provided.
- the layers of the security element are arranged on an at least translucent plastic layer.
- the security element takes the form of a thread or strip at least partially embedded in a document material, such as e.g. Banknote paper, embedded or can be arranged on the surface.
- a document material such as e.g. Banknote paper
- the security element forms a label or a transfer element.
- the invention also encompasses a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and a second layer of liquid-crystalline material are applied to a carrier film, so that they can be deposited in an overlap region are arranged one above the other.
- the two liquid crystal layers can each be applied to a separate Siegfölie, in particular imprinted, and then laminated one above the other. This makes it possible to check the liquid crystal layers after application to the carrier film separately for suitability for further processing and optionally discard. Alternatively, the two liquid crystal layers can also be applied successively on the same carrier film.
- first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material After the application of the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material, these layers are applied to an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature such that the further layer is at least partially covered by the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material.
- the further layer with the machine-readable feature can, for example, be printed with an opaque layer before the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material are applied.
- the invention further comprises a valuable article, such as a branded article, a value document or the like, with a security element of the type described.
- the valuable article may, in particular, be a security paper, a value document or a product packaging.
- Valuables within the meaning of the present invention are in particular banknotes, shares, identity cards, credit cards, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks, high-quality admission tickets, but also other papers that are subject to counterfeiting, such as passports and other identity documents, as well as product security elements such as labels, seals, packaging and the like .
- object of value in the following includes all such objects, Documents and product safety devices.
- security paper is understood as the preliminary stage that can not yet be changed over to a value document. Security paper is usually in quasi-endless form and will be processed later.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 1, the two security elements 2 and 6, respectively, which are each formed according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the first security element represents a security thread 2 which emerges in certain window areas 4 on the surface of the banknote 1 while it is embedded in the intervening areas inside the banknote 1.
- the second security element is formed by a glued-on transfer element 6 of any shape that has been prepared on a separate layer, for example a plastic film, in the reverse order as it comes to rest on the banknote 1.
- Fig. 2 shows the basic layer structure of a security element 10 in cross section.
- a background layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature
- two layers 13, 14 of liquid-crystalline material are applied on a background layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
- the liquid crystal layers 13, 14 may each have different but also partially the same light-polarizing or refractive properties.
- the first liquid crystal layer 13 consists of a cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and selectively reflects light in a first wavelength range with a first circular polarization direction.
- the second liquid-crystal layer can likewise be formed from cholesteric liquid-crystalline material or else from nematic liquid-crystalline material and is present here only in regions in the form of a motif, for example a lettering, or a pattern.
- the layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature may be formed as an opaque layer which contains or is formed from electrically conductive, magnetic, luminescent substances or substances with other properties which can be checked by machine.
- the opaque layer can furthermore be present as a dark, preferably black layer.
- the above layer structure can be present on a film, for example a PET film of good surface quality.
- alignment or alignment layers and / or adhesive layers may be provided between the liquid crystal layers, the alignment of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers or the connection of the individual liquid crystal layers and the compensation of unevenness serve the underground.
- Other layers, such as protective layers, release layers or other auxiliary layers may also be provided.
- Fig. 3 shows a security element 20 according to an embodiment in which on an opaque, preferably black layer 25, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 23 and on this a second liquid crystal layer 24 are arranged.
- the second liquid crystal layer 24 is only partially in the form of a motif, such as a lettering, or a pattern before.
- the opaque layer 25 is arranged in the exemplary embodiment on a fully machine-readable layer 26. This can be provided for example by a magnetic layer, an electrically conductive layer, in particular a metal layer.
- the first and second liquid crystal layers 23 and 24 can each be printed on a smooth PET film of good surface quality.
- Suitable printing methods are all printing processes suitable for liquid-crystalline layers, such as intaglio, flexographic printing, knifecoating, curtain or blade techniques.
- the quality and the color spectrum of the individual layers can already be tested in this production stage and, if appropriate, rejected rejects.
- the liquid crystal layers 23 and 24 are then laminated to the opaque layer 25 and the first liquid crystal layer 23, respectively, using commercially available laminating adhesives.
- the smoothness of the surface influences the degree of gloss of the security element.
- the laminating adhesive may cause unevenness of the Underground, as they may occur in the construction of a typical security thread 2, are balanced, so that even for such security elements, a good gloss can be achieved.
- the carrier foils can be removed. This can be done for example via so-called separation or release layers. These are in particular UV coatings or waxes, which can be activated mechanically or thermally. When separating layers are used, they can be structured on the surface in order to locally promote or prevent orientation of the liquid crystals during application. As a result of an alignment of the liquid crystals in some areas under certain circumstances, motifs such as characters or patterns can be introduced into the liquid crystal layers even when applied over the entire surface.
- the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the support film must be less than the adhesion of the adhesive to the liquid crystals to permit separation.
- the adhesion of the adhesive to the layer to which the system is to be transferred must be better than the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the carrier film. It must also be better than the adhesion of the adhesive to the carrier film. The above requirements of the laminating adhesive are particularly important if the liquid crystal layer to be transferred is not formed over the entire surface.
- the second liquid crystal layer 24 is applied in an analogous manner to the laminated in the composite now above the first liquid crystal layer 23.
- the liquid crystal layers can each be laminated on top of each other, printed on top of each other or applied in a different way, wherein optionally not shown alignment layers or adhesive layers between the layers can be provided.
- FIGS. 4 . 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 and FIGS. 13 to 16 show further exemplary embodiments of the invention in which, in addition to the color-shift effect, the particular light-polarizing properties of the liquid crystal layers are utilized above all.
- the polarization direction of the light is indicated in part in these figures by additional arrow symbols on the propagation vectors of the light.
- a circular polarization in which the circular motion of the electric field strength vector is clockwise from an observer's point of view is referred to as right circular polarization, counter polarization as left circular polarization.
- Fig. 4 1 shows a security element 80 having a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 82 and a ⁇ / 2 layer 84 applied in regions on the liquid crystal layer 82 and containing nematic liquid-crystalline material ( Fig. 4 (a) ).
- nematic liquid crystals it is possible to produce optically active layers along the main crystal axes due to the different refractive indices of the rod-shaped liquid crystals.
- a ⁇ / 2 layer is obtained for the wavelength range in which the first liquid crystal layer 82 selectively reflects.
- the first liquid crystal layer 82 reflects light having a preselected circular polarization direction, for example, left circularly polarized light (L).
- the security element 80 reflects light with the opposite polarization direction, in the exemplary embodiment, right-circularly polarized light (R), since the incident unpolarized light is not affected by the ⁇ / 2 layer 84, the polarization direction of the first liquid crystal layer 82 is reflected, however, by the path difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary beam in its polarization orientation just reversed, left circularly polarized light from the ⁇ / 2 layer 84.
- the motif formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 84 is barely discernible since the security element in the covered and uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light and the unaided eye can not distinguish the circular polarization direction of the light.
- the nematic liquid crystalline material is achromatically dispersive, i. if the dispersion or the wavelength dependence of the refractive index over the selected wavelength range is negligible. In this case, the direction of rotation of the circular polarization in the nematic liquid crystal layer is reversed, the phase shift corresponding to ⁇ / 2. If the nematic liquid-crystalline material is chromatically dispersive, then the phase shift in the nematic liquid-crystal layer is no longer exactly ⁇ / 2 for each wavelength and elliptical polarization occurs. The nematic layer then appears dark gray rather than black.
- a nematic liquid crystal layer 84 in the form of a motif can be printed on a smooth PET film of good surface quality in a layer thickness which is chosen such that a wavelength range in which the first liquid crystal layer 82 selectively reflects ⁇ / 2 layer is obtained.
- the liquid crystal layer is applied at a coating weight of about 2 g / m 2 .
- the liquid crystal layer is crosslinked by means of ultraviolet radiation.
- a layer 82 of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is printed over the entire surface of the PET film partially coated with nematic liquid-crystalline material, for example likewise in a coating weight of approximately 2 g / m 2 . It is understood that the required coating quantities depend in particular on the paints used.
- This layer is also crosslinked after physical drying by means of ultraviolet radiation.
- the two-layered liquid-crystal structure produced in this way is then laminated by means of commercially available laminating adhesives via the cholesteric liquid-crystal layer 82 now lying on top to an opaque, preferably black layer 22, which is additionally electrically conductive in this exemplary embodiment.
- an electrically conductive black background can be provided, for example, by a lacquer layer colored with carbon black pigments.
- the opaque layer 22 may also be formed by a black ink provided with magnetic pigments.
- the carrier film can be removed. This can be done for example via separating layers. These are in particular UV coatings or waxes, which can be activated mechanically or thermally.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 82 imprinted over the entire surface can also serve as an auxiliary layer between the laminating adhesive and the PET film and thus prevent the film break otherwise possible when the PET film is pulled off, which can occur, in particular, when non-full-surface layers are transferred.
- FIG. 5 Another embodiment is in Fig. 5 shown schematically.
- a first liquid crystal layer 92 of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22, and a second liquid crystal layer 94 of nematic liquid-crystalline material in the form of a motif is applied thereon.
- the layer thickness of the second nematic liquid crystal layer 94 is chosen such that it forms approximately a ⁇ / 2 layer.
- the opaque layer 22 in this embodiment contains a material made of a magnetic material, for example in the form of magnetic pigments or magnetic iron.
- a section along A - A through this security element is in Fig. 5 (b) shown.
- Fig. 5 (a) shown formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 94 motif, which is composed of the ⁇ / 2-layer-covered image parts 98 and uncovered image parts 96, is barely recognizable without aids, since the security element 90 in the covered as the uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light and the unaided eye can not distinguish the circular polarization direction of the light.
- the circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 92 constitutes a linear combination of linearly polarized light.
- the linear polarizer 91 it is therefore possible to incorporate into the in Fig. 5 (c), (e) situations that recognize a portion of the circularly polarized light, in the in Fig. 5 (d), (f) ) situations illustrated the other.
- the background formed by the uncovered image parts 96 therefore appears gray to the viewer essentially independently of the position of the linear polarizer.
- Fig. 6 shows in principle the external appearance of a security element 160 shown in the form of a thread according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 (a) only the (hidden) encoding 165 and the recesses 163,164 shown in their relative position to each other on the security element 160.
- the coding 165 extends over the entire width of the thread. It is composed of regions 161 provided with magnetic material and magnetic layer-free regions 162.
- the encoding 165 consists of equal-sized bit cells, either filled with magnetic material (e.g., binary "1") or not (e.g., binary "0").
- the magnetic layer-free regions 162 of the coding 165 are used in order to arrange the transmittable recesses 163, 164 here. In this way, the negative writing formed by the recesses 163, 164 and the coding 165 can be jointly provided on a thread without interfering with each other.
- the recesses 163 can therefore be arranged in the middle of the thread and produced in the usual size, as is the case with threads which have only one negative writing.
- the thread has the same external appearance as a conventional negative-writing security thread. None indicates from the outside that a magnetic coding is arranged on the thread at the same time.
- the recesses 164 are executed as micro-characters, ie have a much smaller size than the recesses 163, since the micro-characters can not be imitated or only with great effort. For example, you can the recesses 163 have a size of more than 1 mm and the recesses 164 have a size of less than 1 mm.
- the motif formed in the nematic liquid-crystal layer 174 formed as a ⁇ / 2 layer emerges with a clear contrast.
- the image parts 168 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer 174 appear light or colored, whereas the uncovered image parts 166 appear dark or black.
- a circular polarizer which transmits only left circularly polarized light
- there is a reverse (negative) image impression Fig. 6 (d)
- the motif formed by the ⁇ / 2 layer 174 is hardly recognizable.
- FIG. 6 (b) A section along B - B through this thread is in Fig. 6 (b) shown schematically.
- the magnetic coding 165 which is formed by the regions 161 provided with magnetic material and the magnetic layer-free regions 162 and is completely covered by an opaque, preferably black layer 175, is present in the exemplary embodiment on a rastered metal layer 176, which in turn is arranged on an at least translucent plastic layer 170, for example a PET film.
- the rasterized metal layer 176 incorporated in the Fig. 6 (a), (c), (d) is indicated in the recesses 163,164, in the exemplary embodiment, a dashed line 167 on. This creates a certain semitransparency of the metal layer 176, whereby the recesses 163,164 are also visible in transmitted light.
- An analogous effect can be achieved by using a very thin, continuous metal layer.
- the plastic material 170 is provided in a first step with a metal layer 176, which is produced by rastered application of an opaque metal layer in the form of a grid. Alternatively, a very thin, continuous metal layer can also be vapor-deposited.
- the magnetic layer 165 is applied to the metal layer 176 in the areas 161, which is subsequently covered with an opaque, preferably black printing ink, at the same time producing the negative characters formed by the recesses 163, 164.
- the liquid crystal layers 172, 174 are provided above this layer structure. Due to the semitransparency of the metal layer, recesses 163, 164 remain transparent in transmitted light.
- the security element according to other embodiments may have additional magnetic layers.
- the security element according to the invention can also be combined with magnetic encodings in a particularly advantageous manner, as is known from US Pat WO 98/25236 A1 are known.
- the embodiment of Fig. 7 shows a security element according to the invention 180 with a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 182 and a second liquid crystal layer 184, which, as described in detail below, also from cholesteric material or from nematic liquid-crystalline material is formed.
- the security element 180 further comprises a metal layer 185 which is applied to an at least translucent plastic layer 181 and which is printed with an opaque, preferably black layer 186.
- the opaque layer 186 is formed by a protective lacquer containing black pigments.
- the black pigments may also be provided by carbon black pigments.
- a such protective lacquer then additionally has a certain electrical conductivity and is accordingly machine-readable.
- the resist may also be provided with magnetic pigments.
- a layer 188 of a transparent protective lacquer is further provided on the metal layer 185.
- the metal layer 185 printed with the black and the transparent protective lacquer layer 186 or 188 is partially demetallised by means of one of the known methods, for example using an etchant.
- the areas not provided with the protective lacquer layers 186, 188 are thereby removed.
- the liquid-crystal layers are then applied to this layer structure as described above, wherein optionally not shown alignment layers or adhesive layers can be provided between the layers.
- the metal layer 185 is only perceptible in the areas provided with the transparent protective lacquer layer 188.
- the security element has the color-shift effects described here, which clearly appear due to the dark background.
- the opaque metal layer 185 can be seen both in the areas with the transparent protective lacquer layer 188 and in the areas with the blackened protective lacquer layer 186.
- the security element is configured in such a way that the recesses in the opaque layer together with the liquid crystal layers form additional information, for example a new geometric shape, whereby both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
- additional information for example a new geometric shape, whereby both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
- the security element 190 has a layer structure whose layer sequence is substantially the same as in FIG Fig. 3 corresponds to the layer sequence shown.
- the metal layer 191 is designed as a thin, semitransparent or rastered metal layer which is present over the whole area.
- On the metal layer 191 is an in Fig. 8 not shown opaque, preferably black layer disposed on which a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 192 is present in overlap.
- the liquid crystal layer 192 clearly appears in the shape of a triangle 194 only in the areas where it overlaps with the opaque layer.
- the image parts 196 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer of nematic liquid crystal material are indicated by a dotted line in FIG Fig. 8 (a) merely indicated and can hardly be recognized without aids, since the security element in the covered as well as the uncovered areas reflects substantially the same amount of light.
- the star pattern formed by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 192 appears substantially completely.
- the security element 190 by a circular polarizer 199 the only light of a circular polarization, for example left circular polarized light, transmitted, so the formed in the formed as a ⁇ / 2-layer nematic liquid crystal layer motif emerges clearly in the form of a hexagon.
- the image portions 196 covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer appear dark and black respectively, while the uncovered image portions appear bright and colored, respectively.
- a reverse (negative) image impression results when using a circular polarizer, which transmits only right circularly polarized light.
- illustrated situation corresponds to in Fig. 8 (c) shown except for the fact that the security element 190 is present here on a light surface.
- the liquid crystal layer 192 therefore clearly appears only in the areas overlapping with the opaque layer.
- FIGS. 9 to 16 schematically show further embodiments of the invention, in which specifically the special properties of the liquid crystal layers are used.
- the security element 60 of Fig. 9 contains two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 62 and 64, which are applied in the embodiment on an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature. Of course, other layers can be provided in the layer structure.
- the two liquid crystal layers 62 and 64 have the same color reflection spectrum, but differ in the orientation of the reflected circular polarization. While the first liquid crystal layer 62 in the embodiment reflects left circularly polarized light, the second liquid crystal layer 64 reflects right circularly polarized light. In contrast, left circularly polarized light is transmitted by the second liquid crystal layer 64 without substantial absorption. It is understood that the polarization directions given serve only for illustration and, of course, can be chosen differently within the scope of the invention.
- Such opposing selective reflection can be achieved, for example, by creating the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 62 and 64 from the same nematic liquid crystal system using mutually mirror-image twisters.
- a mirror-image helical arrangement of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules in the two liquid crystal layers can be achieved, so that one layer reflects right-handed, the other layer left circularly polarized light.
- the color of the light reflected from the liquid crystal layers depends on the viewing direction as in the above-described embodiments, and changes from red to green, for example, in the transition from vertical to acute viewing.
- the first liquid crystal layer 62 is in the embodiment of the Fig. 9 only partially in the form of a motif, such as a lettering, or a pattern ago. If the security element 60 is viewed without auxiliary means, then the color-shift effect of the second liquid-crystal layer 64 appears in the first place. In the overlapping region 68 of the two layers, the motif is recognizable with the same color impression, but with respect to its surroundings increased brightness, since in the overlap region 68 light of both circular polarization directions is reflected, while outside only neurosciencezirkular polarized light is reflected, as by the arrows 70 of the reflected light displayed.
- a circular polarizer 72 which transmits only left circularly polarized light
- the motif formed by the first liquid crystal layer 62 occurs with strong brightness contrast because the circular polarizer 72 completely fades out the right circularly polarized light reflected by the second liquid crystal layer 64.
- a circular polarizer 72 may be formed, for example, by a linear polarizer and a downstream ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the second liquid crystal layer 64 or both liquid crystal layers 62, 64 may be present in the form of motifs in an analogous manner.
- a motif in the second liquid crystal layer 64 can be made clearly visible by using a circular polarizer which transmits right circularly polarized light. With a viewing device containing both types of polarizers, the motifs can be easily displayed in one or both layers.
- Fig. 10 shows a security element 30 according to an embodiment of the invention, in which on an provided with a machine-readable feature opaque, preferably black layer 22, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 32 and on this a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 34 are arranged. Due to the interplay of the two liquid crystal layers 32 and 34, the security element 30 has a novel color-shift effect, which conveys to the viewer a color impression that changes with the viewing direction. When viewed vertically, the security element 30 appears to the viewer in the exemplary embodiment blue / violet (reflected radiation 301), while viewed from an acute angle, it offers a red color impression (reflected radiation 302).
- This novel color-changing game in which the color impression of the security element when tilting from short-wave to longer-wave light is due to the fact that the first liquid crystal layer 32 reflects blue light (arrow 321) in the vertical viewing direction and shorter-wave UV radiation (arrow 322) in the acute-angled viewing direction.
- the second liquid crystal layer 34 is formed to reflect infrared radiation (arrow 341) in the perpendicular viewing direction and shorter wavelength red light (arrow 342) in the acute viewing direction.
- the two reflection components 321 and 342 lying outside the visible spectral range do not contribute to the color impression of the security element, so that a blue color impression 301 results for the viewer when viewed vertically and a long-wave red color impression 302 when viewed at an acute angle.
- a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 42 and on this a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 are applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
- the first liquid crystal layer 42 is only applied in regions to the opaque layer 22 and forms a motif by the shape or outline of the applied areas, in the exemplary embodiment a blazon 46.
- the second liquid crystal layer 44 is over the entire area on the first liquid crystal layer 42 or in FIG applied to the exposed areas on the opaque layer 22.
- the two liquid crystal layers are matched to one another such that the coat of arms motif 46 when viewing the security element (FIG. Fig. 11 (b) ) is clearly visible to the viewer and disappears when tilting the security element 40, ie the transition from vertical to acute angle viewing, as in Figure 11 (c) indicated by the dashed outline.
- the disappearance of the coat of arms motif 46 is achieved in that the partially applied liquid crystal layer 42 when tilting a color shift effect of blue (arrow 421) to ultraviolet (arrow 422) shows, while the second liquid crystal layer 44 has a changing between two colors of the visible spectral range color shift effect and, for example varies between red (arrow 441) and green (arrow 442).
- a color impression 401 results in the overlapping area 48 of the two layers, which is given by the additive color mixing of the blue light 421 of the first liquid crystal layer 42 and the red light 441 of the second liquid crystal layer 44, while outside the overlapping area only the red color impression of the second liquid crystal layer 44 can be seen. Due to the color contrast in the reflected light 401, the crest motif 46 clearly emerges for the viewer.
- the first liquid crystal layer 42 in the overlapping region 48 only reflects ultraviolet light lying outside the visible spectral range to the viewer.
- the liquid crystal layer 42 thus contributes neither to the color impression 402 of the security element 40 in the overlapping area 48 nor outside the overlapping area. Under acute viewing angle, the motif is therefore not visible, and the viewer has the impression that the crest motif 46 disappears when tilting the security element 40 from the vertical.
- a security element 50 with a motif appearing on tilting can be produced, as in FIG Fig. 12 shown.
- a partially applied cholesteric liquid crystal layer 52 is so formed so that it shows a color shift effect of infrared (arrow 521) to red (arrow 522) when tilting.
- a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 54 again exhibits a color shift effect between two colors of the visible spectral range, and varies, for example, between cyan (arrow 541) and violet (arrow 542).
- the subject 56 is not visible when viewed perpendicularly in the reflected light 501, since at most invisible infrared radiation from the first liquid crystal layer 52 is reflected in the vertical viewing direction. Only when the security element 50 is tilted does the subject become recognizable to the observer, since the first liquid crystal layer 52 then reflects red light to the viewer in the overlapping area 58, and the subject 56 in the reflected light 502 thus stands out from the violet color impression outside the overlapping area 58.
- the security element has a three-layered liquid crystal structure in which a ⁇ / 2 layer is arranged between two cholesteric liquid crystal layers having the same light-polarizing properties.
- the security element 100 has a layer sequence applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature, which comprises a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid-crystalline material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106.
- the light-polarizing properties of the first and second liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 are identical, so that the two layers taken by themselves have light in the same preselected wavelength range and with reflect the same preselected circular polarization direction. All layers can be applied over the entire surface or only in certain areas in order to form different or complementary motifs, such as characters or patterns.
- Fig. 13 The reflection properties of the different possible layer sequences are in Fig. 13 illustrated. It is assumed that the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 reflect left-circularly polarized light and the illumination of the security element takes place with unpolarized light.
- first region 110 in which only the first liquid crystal layer 102 is present, left circularly polarized light is reflected.
- the security element In a second region 112, in which the first liquid crystal layer 102 is covered by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104, the security element reflects, as already described in connection with FIG Fig. 4 explains, right circularly polarized light.
- the upper liquid crystal layer 106 In a third region 114 in which all three layers are present, the upper liquid crystal layer 106 reflects left circularly polarized light and transmits right circularly polarized light. The transmitted light is converted by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 into left circularly polarized light, which is then reflected by the first liquid crystal layer 102.
- the reflected light is converted by the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 again into right-circularly polarized light, which is transmitted from the second liquid crystal layer 106.
- the layer sequence 102, 104, 106 also reflects right-circularly polarized light, as in FIG Figure 13 shown.
- the upper liquid crystal layer 106 reflects left circularly polarized light.
- the transmitted right circular polarized Light is also transmitted by the lower liquid crystal layer 102 and absorbed in the black layer 22.
- the security element thus reflects only left circularly polarized light in this area.
- the security element 120 of Fig. 14 includes, as the above-described security element 100 of Fig. 13 a layer sequence comprising a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid crystal material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106 applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
- a layer sequence comprising a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, a ⁇ / 2 layer 104 of nematic liquid crystal material and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 106 applied to an opaque, preferably black layer 22 provided with a machine-readable feature.
- ⁇ / 2-layer 104 formed in the form of a motif, while the first and second liquid crystal layers 102 and 106 are applied over the entire surface.
- the motif of the ⁇ / 2 layer 104 appears with the same color impression as its surroundings, but is already in the regions 126 due to the reflection of both the left circular and the right circularly polarized light by the substantially double amount of reflected light recognizable without aids.
- the security element 120 is illuminated by a circular polarizer 122 with right circularly polarized light, the subject appears to the viewer 124 without further aids having strong contrast, since the right circularly polarized light is in the areas 126 in which all three Layers overlap, is reflected, while in areas 128 without ⁇ / 2-layer 104 from the upper and lower liquid crystal layers 106 and 102, respectively, and absorbed in the black layer 22.
- Fig. 15 shows a security element 130 according to a further embodiment of the invention, with respect to its layer sequence substantially as the security element 120 of Fig. 14 is constructed.
- the intermediate layer 132 of the security element 130 is constructed from two ⁇ / 4 partial layers 134 and 136, which can be locally rotated relative to one another in their orientation in the layer plane.
- right-circularly polarized light is therefore - analogous to the partial area 128 of FIG Fig. 14 - Transmitted from the layer sequence and finally absorbed by the black layer 22.
- the intermediate layer 132 causes a certain proportion of right-circularly polarized light to reflect from the layer sequence becomes.
- the size of the reflected portion decreases with increasing rotation angle continuously off.
- the ⁇ / 2 layer can of course also be replaced by two ⁇ / 4-part layers. These ⁇ / 4-part layers may also be locally rotated in their orientation in the layer plane against each other.
- FIG. 16 shows an embodiment in which both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized.
- FIG. 16 (a) FIG. 5 shows the construction of a security element 150 having an opaque, preferably black, layer 22, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer 152 and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer 154 applied thereto, provided with a machine-readable feature.
- the first liquid crystal layer 152 has a first color-shift effect, for example from green to blue, and in addition only reflects light of a preselected circular polarization direction, for example right-circularly polarized light.
- the second liquid crystal layer 154 has a second color shift effect, for example from magenta to green, and also reflects only light of the circular polarization direction opposite the first liquid crystal layer, in the exemplary embodiment left circularly polarized light. If the security element 150 is illuminated with unpolarized Considered light and without auxiliary means, the two color shift effects are superimposed by additive color mixing of the reflected light.
- each of the liquid crystal layers 152, 154 may also be replaced by a combination of a ⁇ / 2 layer with a cholesteric layer mirroring the original layer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines derartigen Sicherheitselements und einen Wertgegenstand, der mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement ausgestattet ist.The invention relates to a security element for securing valuables. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a security element and a valuable article, which is equipped with such a security element.
Wertgegenstände, wie etwa Markenartikel oder Wertdokumente, werden zur Absicherung oft mit Sicherheitselernenten ausgestattet, die eine Überprüfung der Echtheit des Wertgegenstands gestatten und die zugleich als Schutz vor unerlaubter Reproduktion dienen.Valuables, such as branded goods or value documents, are often provided with security elements to safeguard the authenticity of the object of value and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
Es besteht ein ständiges Interesse daran, Wertpapiere gegen Verfälschungen und unerlaubtes Reproduzieren zu schützen. Gerade im Hinblick auf die heutigen Kopier- und Drucktechniken wird es immer schwieriger, wirksame Sicherheitsmerkmale zu finden, die eine unerlaubte Reproduktion bzw. Verfälschung, wenn nicht verhindern, so doch zumindest deutlich kenntlich machen.There is a constant interest in protecting securities against falsification and unauthorized reproduction. Especially with regard to today's copying and printing techniques, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find effective security features that at least clearly identify an unauthorized reproduction or falsification, if not prevent it.
Vielfach werden als Sicherheitselemente optisch variable Elemente eingesetzt, die dem Betrachter unter unterschiedlichen Betrachtungswinkeln einen unterschiedlichen Bildeindruck, beispielsweise einen unterschiedlichen Farbeindruck vermitteln. Aus der Druckschrift
Es ist seit langem bekannt, Sicherheitsdokumente mit Sicherheitsfäden aus Kunststoff zu versehen, welche eine magnetische Beschichtung aufweisen und damit als maschinenlesbares Sicherheitsmerkmal dienen. So beschreibt beispielsweise die
Da derartige Sicherheitselemente allerdings keine Möglichkeit für eine schnelle visuelle Überprüfung bieten, wie sie in vielen Situationen des täglichen Lebens notwendig ist, wurde ebenfalls vorgeschlagen, maschinell prüfbare Sicherheitsmerkmale mit visuellen Merkmalen zu kombinieren. Aus der
Aus der Druckschrift
In der Druckschrift
Die Druckschrift
Die Druckschrift
Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Sicherheitselement mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und ein Wertgegenstand mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement sind in den nebengeordneten Ansprüchen angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the security element having the features of the main claim. A method for its production and a valuable article with such a security element are given in the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gemäß der Erfindung weist das Sicherheitselement zumindest bereichsweise eine erste Schicht aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material und zumindest bereichsweise eine zweite Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material auf. Das Sicherheitselement enthält außerdem eine zumindest bereichsweise vorliegende weitere Schicht mit einem maschinell lesbaren Merkmal, die von der ersten und zweiten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material zumindest bereichsweise abgedeckt ist.According to the invention, the security element has, at least in regions, a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and, at least in regions, a second layer of liquid-crystalline material. The security element also contains an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature, which is at least partially covered by the first and second layer of liquid-crystalline material.
Dieses Sicherheitselement hat neben neuartigen, visuell prüfbaren Effekten, die die Eigenschaften der kombinierten Flüssigkristallschichten ausnutzen, den Vorteil der maschinellen Prüfbarkeit. Über die besondere gegenseitige Zuordnung auf dem Sicherheitselement wird dabei ein gegenüber den einzelnen Sicherheitsmerkmalen erhöhter Fälschungsschutz gewährleistet.This security element has, in addition to novel, visually verifiable effects that exploit the properties of the combined liquid crystal layers, the advantage of machine testability. About the special mutual assignment on the security element while a relation to the individual security features increased counterfeit protection is guaranteed.
Gemäß der Erfindung weist das Sicherheitselement eine opake Schicht auf, die zumindest bereichsweise vorgesehen ist. In dieser sind in Transmission erkennbare erste Aussparungen in Form von Mustern und/ oder Zeichen als eine erste Information vorgesehen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Beschreibung bedeutet der Begriff "opak" nichtdurchscheinend im Sinne einer gewissen Lichtundurchlässigkeit, so dass sich beispielsweise in der opaken Schicht vorliegende (lichtdurchlässige) Aussparungen im Durchlicht kontrastierend abheben, aber auch die Effekte der auf einer solchen Schicht angeordneten Flüssigkristallschichten gut wahrnehmbar sind.According to the invention, the security element has an opaque layer, which is provided at least in regions. In this transmission detectable first recesses in the form of patterns and / or characters are provided as a first information. In the context of the present Description means the term "opaque" non-translucent in the sense of a certain opacity, so that for example in the opaque layer present (translucent) recesses in contrast contrast in transmitted light, but also the effects of arranged on such a layer liquid crystal layers are well perceived.
Um die Erkennbarkeit der nachfolgend beschriebenen Farb- und Polarisationseffekte der Schichten aus flüssigkristallinem Material noch zu erhöhen, kann die opake Schicht ferner als dunkle, vorzugsweise schwarze Schicht vorliegen. Dazu kann diese beispielsweise aus schwarzer Druckfarbe oder einem schwarz einfärbten Lack ausgebildet sein.In order to increase the visibility of the color and polarization effects of the layers of liquid-crystalline material described below, the opaque layer can furthermore be present as a dark, preferably black layer. For this purpose, this can be formed for example of black ink or a black-colored paint.
Mit Vorteil kann die opake Schicht ferner selbst magnetisch und/oder elektrisch leitfähig und/ oder lumineszierend sein und so die weitere Schicht mit dem maschinenlesbaren Merkmal bereitstellen. Alternativ kann die opake Schicht auch als separate Schicht vorliegen.Advantageously, the opaque layer may itself be magnetically and / or electrically conductive and / or luminescent and thus provide the further layer with the machine-readable feature. Alternatively, the opaque layer may also be present as a separate layer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann eine zweite Information in Form von zweiten Aussparungen in der opaken Schicht vorgesehen sein, die sich in der Größe von den ersten Aussparungen unterscheiden. Die Aussparungen können beispielsweise zusammen mit der ersten und/oder zweiten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material eine zusätzliche Information, insbesondere in Form einer neuen geometrischen Form, darstellen.In a preferred embodiment, a second information in the form of second recesses may be provided in the opaque layer, which differ in size from the first recesses. The recesses can, for example, together with the first and / or second layer of liquid-crystalline material provide additional information, in particular in the form of a new geometric shape.
In einer vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante ist die zirkulare Polarisationsrichtung des Lichts, das die zweite Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material selbst oder in Zusammenwirkung mit der ersten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material reflektiert, gegenläufig zur zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung des von der ersten Schicht reflektierten Lichts. Damit lassen sich in eine oder mehrere der Flüssigkristallschichten Informationen codieren, die nur unter Verwendung von Zirkular- bzw. Linearpolarisatoren ausgelesen werden können. Ist auch die zweite Schicht aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material gebildet, lässt sich daneben auch die Intensität des insgesamt reflektierten Lichts durch die Nutzung der beiden gegenläufigen zirkularen Polarisationsrichtungen erhöhen.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the circular polarization direction of the light, which reflects the second layer of liquid-crystalline material itself or in cooperation with the first layer of liquid-crystalline material, is opposite to the circular polarization direction of the light reflected by the first layer. This can be in one or more the liquid crystal layers encode information that can be read only by using circular or linear polarizers. If the second layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material is also formed, the intensity of the total reflected light can also be increased by using the two opposite circular polarization directions.
Die zweite Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material bildet gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung eine phasenschiebende Schicht. Vorzugsweise bildet die zweite Schicht für Licht aus dem von der ersten Schicht reflektierten Wellenlängenbereich im Wesentlichen eine λ/2-Schicht. Dabei ist die zweite Schicht bevorzugt aus nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material gebildet, das aufgrund der optischen Anisotropie der ausgerichteten stäbchenförmigen Flüssigkristalle die Herstellung optisch aktiver Schichten ermöglicht.The second layer of liquid-crystalline material forms a phase-shifting layer according to a preferred embodiment. Preferably, the second layer for light forms substantially a λ / 2-layer from the wavelength range reflected from the first layer. In this case, the second layer is preferably formed from nematic liquid-crystalline material which, because of the optical anisotropy of the aligned rod-shaped liquid crystals, makes it possible to produce optically active layers.
Um den Effekt der λ/2-Schicht gebietsweise abzuschwächen und/oder neue Effekte zu erzeugen, kann die λ/2-Schicht auch aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten und bereichsweise gegeneinander in der Schichtebene verdrehten Teilschichten gebildet sein. Besonders vorteilhaft sind die Teilschichten dabei durch zwei λ/4-Schichten gebildet. Durch eine bereichsweise unterschiedliche Verdrehung der beiden λ/4-Teilschichten lässt sich ihr Einfluss auf zirkular polarisiertes Licht gezielt einsetzen, um beispielsweise codierte Halbtonbilder zu erzeugen.In order to attenuate the effect of the λ / 2 layer in regions and / or to produce new effects, the λ / 2 layer may also be formed from a plurality of partial layers arranged one above the other and partially rotated relative to one another in the layer plane. The partial layers are particularly advantageously formed by two λ / 4 layers. By partially different rotation of the two λ / 4-part layers, their influence on circularly polarized light can be selectively used to produce, for example, coded halftone images.
Gemäß der Erfindung unterscheidet sich der Wellenlängenbereich, in dem die zweite Schicht Licht selektiv reflektiert, von dem Wellenlängenbereich, in dem die erste Schicht Licht selektiv reflektiert. Hierbei ist die zweite Schicht zweckmäßig aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material gebildet. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass wenigstens eine Schicht der ersten und zweiten Schicht in eine Betrachtungsrichtung nur Licht aus dem nicht sichtbaren Teil des Spektrums reflektiert. Wie nachfolgend im Detail erläutert, erlaubt die additive Farbmischung der Reflexionsspektren der beiden Schichten aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material die Erzeugung breiterer und ungewöhnlicher Farbkippeffekte. Das Licht aus dem nicht sichtbaren Teil des Spektrums kann dabei beispielsweise Infrarotstrahlung oder Ultraviolettstrahlung sein.According to the invention, the wavelength range in which the second layer selectively reflects light differs from the wavelength range in which the first layer selectively reflects light. Here, the second layer is expediently formed from cholesteric liquid-crystalline material. For example, it can be provided that at least a layer of the first and second layers in a viewing direction reflects only light from the invisible portion of the spectrum. As discussed in detail below, the additive color mixing of the reflectance spectra of the two layers of cholesteric liquid crystalline material permits the generation of broader and more unusual color-shift effects. The light from the non-visible part of the spectrum can be, for example, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.
In anderen Ausgestaltungen kann ferner wenigstens eine weitere Schicht aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise liegt zumindest eine der Schichten aus flüssigkristallinem Material in Form von Pigmenten vor, welche in eine Bindemittelmatrix eingebettet sind. Solche Pigmente sind einfacher zu drucken als Flüssigkristalle aus Lösung und stellen keine so hohen Anforderungen an die Glätte des Untergrunds. Die pigmentbasierten Druckfarben benötigen zudem keine die Ausrichtung fördernden Maßnahmen. Darüber hinaus kann zumindest eine der Schichten aus flüssigkristallinem Material mit Vorteil in Form von Zeichen und/ oder Mustern vorliegen.In other embodiments, at least one further layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material may also be provided. Preferably, at least one of the layers of liquid crystal material is in the form of pigments embedded in a binder matrix. Such pigments are easier to print than liquid crystals from solution and do not place such high demands on the smoothness of the substrate. The pigment-based printing inks also need no alignment promoting measures. In addition, at least one of the layers of liquid crystalline material may advantageously be in the form of characters and / or patterns.
In allen beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen kann ferner eine separate erste magnetische Schicht zumindest bereichsweise vorgesehen sein. Dabei ist diese vorzugsweise von der opaken Schicht abgedeckt. Beispielsweise kann die erste magnetische Schicht in Form von voneinander beabstandeten magnetischen Bereichen vorliegen, die eine Codierung bilden. Die ersten und/ oder zweiten Aussparungen der opaken Schicht sind dabei zweckmäßig in den magnetschichtfreien Zwischenbereichen angeordnet. Die Codierung kann sich ferner nur über einen Teilbereich des Sicherheitselements erstrecken. Die erste magnetische Schicht kann aber auch in Form von parallel zur Fadenrichtung verlaufenden Längsstreifen vorliegen.In all embodiments described, a separate first magnetic layer can furthermore be provided at least in regions. This is preferably covered by the opaque layer. For example, the first magnetic layer may be in the form of spaced-apart magnetic regions that form an encoding. The first and / or second recesses of the opaque layer are expediently arranged in the magnetic layer-free intermediate regions. The coding can furthermore extend only over a partial area of the security element. However, the first magnetic layer can also be present in the form of longitudinal strips running parallel to the thread direction.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante ist eine zweite magnetische Schicht vorgesehen. Diese kann ebenfalls so angeordnet sein, dass die in Transmission erkennbaren Aussparungen frei bleiben. Die zweite Magnetschicht kann beispielsweise die magnetischen Bereiche der Codierung miteinander verbinden.According to a further preferred variant of the invention, a second magnetic layer is provided. This can also be arranged so that the visible in transmission recesses remain free. The second magnetic layer can, for example, connect the magnetic regions of the coding to one another.
In allen beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen kann auch eine separate elektrisch leitfähige Schicht zumindest bereichsweise vorgesehen sein. Bevorzugt liegt diese in Form einer Schicht vor, die aus parallel zur Fadenrichtung verlaufenden, elektrisch leitfähigen Streifen gebildet ist, oder die im Wesentlichen transparent ist.In all embodiments described, a separate electrically conductive layer may also be provided at least in regions. Preferably, this is in the form of a layer which is formed from extending parallel to the thread direction, electrically conductive strip, or which is substantially transparent.
Nach einer bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante kann zusätzlich oder alternativ eine separate metallische Schicht zumindest bereichsweise vorgesehen sein. Diese kann ebenfalls Aussparungen aufweisen. Die separate metallische Schicht kann aber auch vollflächig vorliegen, insbesondere als gerasterte Metallschicht oder als dünne, vollflächige semitransparente Metallschicht. Dabei bedeutet im Rahmen der vorliegenden Beschreibung der Begriff "semitransparent" oder "transluzent" durchscheinend im Sinne einer gewissen Lichtdurchlässigkeit, wobei jedoch, anders als bei transparenten Materialien, hinter transluzenten Materialien befindliche Objekte nur diffus oder gar nicht erkennbar sind. Die semitransparente Metallschicht weist bevorzugt eine Opazität von 40% bis 90% auf. Die gerasterte Metallschicht kann als Negativraster, insbesondere in Form von transparenten, d.h. demetallisierten Punkten, als Positivraster, insbesondere in Form von metallischen Punkten, oder als Strichraster, insbesondere in Form von metallischen Diagonalstreifen, vorliegen.According to a preferred variant of the invention, additionally or alternatively, a separate metallic layer may be provided at least in regions. This can also have recesses. However, the separate metallic layer can also be present over the entire surface, in particular as a rastered metal layer or as a thin, full-surface semitransparent metal layer. In the context of the present description, the term "semitransparent" or "translucent" means translucent in the sense of a certain translucency, but, unlike transparent materials, objects located behind translucent materials are only diffuse or not recognizable at all. The semitransparent metal layer preferably has an opacity of 40% to 90%. The rastered metal layer can be in the form of a negative grid, in particular in the form of transparent, ie demetallized dots, as a positive grid, in particular in the form of metallic dots, or as a bar screen, in particular in the form of metallic diagonal stripes.
In allen Ausgestaltungen kann die separate metallische Schicht von der opaken Schicht, insbesondere von dem schwarz eingefärbten Lack, zumindest bereichsweise abgedeckt sein. Neben dem schwarz eingefärbten Lack können dabei auf der separaten metallischen Schicht auch Bereiche einer Schicht aus einem transparenten Lack aufgebracht sein. Darüber hinaus kann die separate metallische Schicht zusätzlich magnetische Eigenschaften aufweisen.In all embodiments, the separate metallic layer of the opaque layer, in particular of the black-colored paint, at least partially covered. In addition to the black-colored lacquer, areas of a layer of a transparent lacquer can also be applied to the separate metallic layer. In addition, the separate metallic layer may additionally have magnetic properties.
Ferner kann in den beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen zumindest eine der Schichten des Sicherheitselements zumindest ein zusätzliches Echtheitsmerkmal enthalten, beispielsweise in Form von Lumineszenzstoffen, Farbpigmenten und Effektpigmenten, die in die entsprechende Schicht eingebracht sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch separate Schichten mit einem Lumineszenzstoff vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, in the embodiments described, at least one of the layers of the security element can contain at least one additional authenticity feature, for example in the form of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments, which are incorporated into the corresponding layer. Alternatively or additionally, separate layers with a luminescent substance may also be provided.
In allen beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Schichten des Sicherheitselements auf einer zumindest transluzenten Kunststoffschicht angeordnet sind.In all described embodiments, it can be provided that the layers of the security element are arranged on an at least translucent plastic layer.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung nimmt das Sicherheitselement die Form eines Fadens oder Streifens an, der zumindest teilweise in ein Dokumentenmaterial, wie z.B. Banknotenpapier, eingebettet ist oder auch an der Oberfläche angeordnet sein kann. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung bildet das Sicherheitselement ein Etikett oder ein Transferelement.In an advantageous embodiment, the security element takes the form of a thread or strip at least partially embedded in a document material, such as e.g. Banknote paper, embedded or can be arranged on the surface. In a further advantageous embodiment, the security element forms a label or a transfer element.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements der beschriebenen Art, bei dem auf eine Trägerfolie eine erste Schicht aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material und eine zweite Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material aufgebracht werden, so dass sie in einem Überlappungsbereich übereinander angeordnet sind. Die beiden Flüssigkristallschichten können dabei jeweils auf einer separaten Trägerfölie aufgebracht, insbesondere aufgedruckt, und dann übereinander auflaminiert werden. Dies gestattet es, die Flüssigkristallschichten bereits nach dem Aufbringen auf die Trägerfolie separat auf Eignung zur Weiterverarbeitung zu prüfen und gegebenenfalls auszusondern. Alternativ können die beiden Flüssigkristallschichten auch nacheinander auf derselben Trägerfolie aufgebracht werden.The invention also encompasses a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which a first layer of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material and a second layer of liquid-crystalline material are applied to a carrier film, so that they can be deposited in an overlap region are arranged one above the other. The two liquid crystal layers can each be applied to a separate Trägerfölie, in particular imprinted, and then laminated one above the other. This makes it possible to check the liquid crystal layers after application to the carrier film separately for suitability for further processing and optionally discard. Alternatively, the two liquid crystal layers can also be applied successively on the same carrier film.
Nach dem Aufbringen der ersten und zweiten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material werden diese Schichten derart auf eine zumindest bereichsweise vorliegende weitere Schicht mit einem maschinell lesbaren Merkmal aufgebracht, dass die weitere Schicht von der ersten und zweiten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material zumindest bereichsweise abgedeckt wird. Die weitere Schicht mit dem maschinell lesbaren Merkmal kann beispielsweise vor Aufbringen der ersten und zweiten Schicht aus flüssigkristallinem Material mit einer opaken Schicht bedruckt werden.After the application of the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material, these layers are applied to an at least partially present further layer with a machine-readable feature such that the further layer is at least partially covered by the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material. The further layer with the machine-readable feature can, for example, be printed with an opaque layer before the first and second layers of liquid-crystalline material are applied.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiter einen Wertgegenstand, wie einen Markenartikel, ein Wertdokument oder dergleichen, mit einem Sicherheitselement der beschriebenen Art. Der Wertgegenstand kann insbesondere ein Sicherheitspapier, ein Wertdokument oder eine Produktverpackung sein.The invention further comprises a valuable article, such as a branded article, a value document or the like, with a security element of the type described. The valuable article may, in particular, be a security paper, a value document or a product packaging.
Wertgegenstände im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind insbesondere Banknoten, Aktien, Ausweise, Kreditkarten, Anleihen, Urkunden, Gutscheine, Schecks, hochwertige Eintrittskarten, aber auch andere fälschungsgefährdete Papiere, wie Pässe und sonstige Ausweisdokumente, sowie Produktsicherungselemente, wie Etiketten, Siegel, Verpackungen und dergleichen. Der Begriff "Wertgegenstand" schließt im Folgenden alle derartigen Gegenstände, Dokumente und Produktsicherungsmittel ein. Unter "Sicherheitspapier" wird hingegen die noch nicht umlaüffähige Vorstufe zu einem Wertdokument verstanden. Sicherheitspapier liegt üblicherweise in quasi endloser Form vor und wird zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt weiterverarbeifet.Valuables within the meaning of the present invention are in particular banknotes, shares, identity cards, credit cards, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks, high-quality admission tickets, but also other papers that are subject to counterfeiting, such as passports and other identity documents, as well as product security elements such as labels, seals, packaging and the like , The term "object of value" in the following includes all such objects, Documents and product safety devices. By contrast, "security paper" is understood as the preliminary stage that can not yet be changed over to a value document. Security paper is usually in quasi-endless form and will be processed later.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem eingebetteten Sicherheitsfaden und einem aufgeklebten Transferelement, jeweils nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- den allgemeinen Schichtaufbau eines Sicherheitselements im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 3
- ein Sicherheitselement nach einem Beispiel im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 4
- in (a) den Querschnitt eines Sicherheitselements nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Zirkularpolarisator zum Lesen der codierten Information, in (b) und (c) jeweils eine Ansicht dieses Sicherheitselements bei senkrechter Betrachtung mit einem Zirkularpolarisator, der nur rechtsbzw. linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert,
- Fig. 5
- in (a) den Querschnitt eines Sicherheitselements nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Linearpolarisator zum Lesen der codierten Information, in (b) eine schematische Darstellung dieses Sicherheitselements bei senkrechter Betrachtung, in (c) bis (f) jeweils Ansichten dieses Sicherheitselements bei senkrechter Betrachtung mit einem jeweils um 90° gedrehten Linearpolarisator,
- Fig. 6
- in (a) eine schematische Darstellung der relativen Anordnung der Negativschrift und der Codierung eines Sicherheitselements nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Aufsicht, in (b) den Querschnitt dieses Sicherheitselements, in (c), (d) jeweils eine Ansicht dieses Sicherheitselements bei senkrechter Betrachtung mit einem Zirkularpolarisator, der nur rechts- bzw. linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert,
- Fig. 7
- ein Sicherheitselement nach einem noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 8
- ein Sicherheitselement nach einem noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel in Aufsicht, bei dem sowohl die Farbeffekte als auch die Polarisationseffekte der Flüssigkristallschichten ausgenutzt werden, wobei das Sicherheitselement (a) auf einem hellen Untergrund bzw. in Durchsicht, (b) auf einem schwarzen Untergrund, (c) auf einem schwarzen Untergrund bei Betrachtung mit einem Zirkularpolarisator und (d) auf einem hellen Untergrund bei Betrachtung mit einem Zirkularpolarisator gezeigt ist,
- Fig. 9
- ein Sicherheitselement nach noch einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Zirkularpolarisator zum Lesen der codierten Information,
- Fig. 10
- ein Sicherheitselement nach noch einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 11
- in (a) den Querschnitt eines Sicherheitselements nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel in (b) eine Ansicht dieses Sicherheitselements bei senkrechter Betrachtung und in (c) eine Ansicht bei spitzwinkliger Betrachtung,
- Fig. 12
- eine Darstellung wie in
Fig. 11 eines Sicherheitselements nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, - Fig.13
- das Prinzip von Sicherheitselementen mit einem dreischichtigen Flüssigkristallaufbau, bei dem eine λ/2-Schicht zwischen zwei cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschichten angeordnet ist,
- Fig. 14
- ein Sicherheitselement nach dem Prinzip der
Fig. 13 bei Beleuchtung mit rechtszirkular polarisiertem Licht, - Fig. 15
- ein weiteres Sicherheitselement nach dem Prinzip der
Fig. 13 mit einer in zwei λ/4-Schichten unterteilten λ/2-Schicht, - Fig. 16
- ein Sicherheitselement nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem sowohl die Farbeffekte als auch die Polarisationseffekte der Flüssigkristallschichten ausgenutzt werden, wobei (a) den Schichtaufbau des Sicherheitselements und (b) und (c) die Situation bei Betrachtung durch verschiedene Zirkularpolarisatoren zeigt.
- Fig. 1
- 1 is a schematic representation of a banknote with an embedded security thread and a glued transfer element, each according to an embodiment of the invention,
- Fig. 2
- the general layer structure of a security element in cross-section,
- Fig. 3
- a security element according to an example in cross-section,
- Fig. 4
- in (a) the cross section of a security element according to another embodiment with a circular polarizer for reading the coded information, in (b) and (c) respectively a view of this security element when viewed perpendicularly with a circular polarizer, the rechtsbzw only. transmitted left circular polarized light,
- Fig. 5
- in (a) the cross section of a security element according to another embodiment with a linear polarizer for reading the coded information, in (b) a schematic representation of this security element when viewed vertically, in (c) to (f) respectively views of this security element when viewed perpendicularly each rotated by 90 ° linear polarizer,
- Fig. 6
- in (a) a schematic representation of the relative arrangement of the negative writing and the coding of a security element according to an embodiment of the invention in plan view, in (b) the cross section of this security element, in (c), (d) respectively a view of this security element when viewed perpendicularly with a circular polarizer which transmits only right- or left-circularly polarized light,
- Fig. 7
- a security element according to yet another embodiment of the invention in cross-section,
- Fig. 8
- a security element according to yet another embodiment in plan view, in which both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are exploited, the security element (a) on a light background or in a transparent (b) on a black background, (c) is shown on a black background when viewed with a circular polarizer and (d) on a light background when viewed with a circular polarizer,
- Fig. 9
- a security element according to yet another embodiment with a circular polarizer for reading the coded information,
- Fig. 10
- a security element according to yet another embodiment in cross-section,
- Fig. 11
- in (a) the cross-section of a security element according to another embodiment in (b) a view of this security element when viewed vertically and in (c) a view at acute angle,
- Fig. 12
- a representation like in
Fig. 11 a security element according to a further embodiment, - Figure 13
- the principle of security elements with a three-layer liquid crystal structure in which a λ / 2 layer is arranged between two cholesteric liquid crystal layers,
- Fig. 14
- a security element according to the principle of
Fig. 13 when illuminated with right circular polarized light, - Fig. 15
- another security element according to the principle of
Fig. 13 with a λ / 2 layer divided into two λ / 4 layers, - Fig. 16
- a security element according to a further embodiment, in which both the color effects and the polarization effects of the liquid crystal layers are utilized, wherein (a) the layer structure of the security element and (b) and (c) show the situation when viewed through various circular polarizers.
Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel einer Banknote näher erläutert.
Die folgenden Beispiele werden anhand eines in Form eines Fadens vorliegenden Sicherheitselements beschrieben. Es ist allerdings im Rahmen der Erfindung ebenso möglich, dem Sicherheitselement jede beliebige andere Umrissform zu geben, sowie dieses als Transferelement auszubilden.The following examples are described with reference to a security element in the form of a thread. However, it is within the scope of the invention also possible to give the security element any other outline shape, and to form this as a transfer element.
Nach der Erfindung besteht zumindest die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 13 aus einem cholesterischen flüssigkristallinen Material und reflektiert selektiv Licht in einem ersten Wellenlängenbereich mit einer ersten zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung. Die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 14, die in einem Überlappungsbereich mit der ersten Schicht übereinander liegend angeordnet ist, reflektiert selektiv Licht in einem zweiten Wellenlängenbereich mit einer zweiten zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung, entweder selbst oder in Zusammenwirkung mit der ersten Schicht. Die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht kann ebenfalls aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material oder auch aus nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material ausgebildet sein und liegt hier nur bereichsweise in Form eines Motivs, beispielsweise eines Schriftzugs, oder eines Musters vor.According to the invention, at least the first
Die mit einem maschinenlesbaren Merkmal versehene Schicht 22 kann als opake Schicht ausgebildet sein, die elektrisch leitende, magnetische, lumineszierende Stoffe oder Stoffe mit anderen maschinell prüfbaren Eigenschaften enthält bzw. aus solchen ausgebildet ist. Um die Erkennbarkeit der nachfolgend beschriebenen Farb- und Polarisationseffekte der Flüssigkristallschichten 13,14 zu erhöhen, kann die opake Schicht ferner als dunkle, vorzugsweise schwarze Schicht vorliegen.The
Neben den vorstehend beschriebenen Schichten können weitere Schichten vorhanden sein, die hier jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit weggelassen wurden. So kann der vorstehende Schichtaufbau auf einer Folie, beispielsweise eine PET-Folie guter Oberflächenqualität, vorliegen. Daneben können zwischen den Flüssigkristallschichten Ausrichtungs- bzw. Alignmentschichten und/ oder Kleberschichten vorgesehen sein, die der Ausrichtung der Flüssigkristalle in den Flüssigkristallschichten bzw. der Verbindung der einzelnen flüssigkristallinen Schichten und dem Ausgleich von Unebenheiten des Untergrunds dienen. Weitere Schichten, wie beispielsweise Schutzschichten, Trenn- oder andere Hilfsschichten, können ebenfalls vorgesehen sein.In addition to the layers described above, further layers may be present, which have been omitted here for the sake of clarity. Thus, the above layer structure can be present on a film, for example a PET film of good surface quality. In addition, alignment or alignment layers and / or adhesive layers may be provided between the liquid crystal layers, the alignment of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers or the connection of the individual liquid crystal layers and the compensation of unevenness serve the underground. Other layers, such as protective layers, release layers or other auxiliary layers may also be provided.
Zur Herstellung des Sicherheitselements 20 können die erste und die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 23 bzw. 24 jeweils auf eine glatte PET-Folie guter Oberflächenqualität aufgedruckt werden. Als Druckverfahren kommen dabei alle für flüssigkristalline Schichten geeigneten Druckverfahren, wie beispielsweise Tiefdruck, Flexodruck, Knifecoating, Curtain- oder Blade-Techniken, in Betracht.To produce the
Nach dem Trocknen der Flüssigkristallschichten 23, 24 kann die Qualität und das Farbspektrum der einzelnen Schichten bereits in dieser Fertigungsstufe geprüft und gegebenenfalls Ausschuss aussortiert werden. Die Flüssigkristallschichten 23 und 24 werden dann mithilfe handelsüblicher Laminierklebstoffe auf die opake Schicht 25 bzw. die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 23 auflaminiert. Die Glätte der Oberfläche beeinflusst dabei den Glanzgrad des Sicherheitselements. Durch den Laminierklebstoff können Unebenheiten des Untergrunds, wie sie beim Aufbau eines typischen Sicherheitsfadens 2 auftreten können, ausgeglichen werden, so dass auch für solche Sicherheitselemente ein guter Glanz erzielt werden kann.After drying the liquid crystal layers 23, 24, the quality and the color spectrum of the individual layers can already be tested in this production stage and, if appropriate, rejected rejects. The liquid crystal layers 23 and 24 are then laminated to the opaque layer 25 and the first liquid crystal layer 23, respectively, using commercially available laminating adhesives. The smoothness of the surface influences the degree of gloss of the security element. The laminating adhesive may cause unevenness of the Underground, as they may occur in the construction of a
Nach der Verklebung der Flüssigkristallschichten 23 und 24 können die Trägerfolien entfernt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise über so genannte Trenn- bzw. Releaseschichten erfolgen. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um UV-Lacke oder Wachse, die mechanisch oder thermisch aktiviert werden können. Beim Einsatz von Trennschichten können diese an der Oberfläche strukturiert sein, um eine Ausrichtung der Flüssigkristalle beim Aufbringen lokal zu fördern bzw. zu verhindern. Durch eine bereichsweise untersclziedliche Ausrichtung der Flüssigkristalle können so auch bei vollflächigem Aufbringen Motive, wie Zeichen, oder Muster in die Flüssigkristallschichten eingebracht werden.After the adhesion of the liquid crystal layers 23 and 24, the carrier foils can be removed. This can be done for example via so-called separation or release layers. These are in particular UV coatings or waxes, which can be activated mechanically or thermally. When separating layers are used, they can be structured on the surface in order to locally promote or prevent orientation of the liquid crystals during application. As a result of an alignment of the liquid crystals in some areas under certain circumstances, motifs such as characters or patterns can be introduced into the liquid crystal layers even when applied over the entire surface.
Ist keine Trennschicht vorgesehen, so wird zweckmäßig ein Laminierklebstoff gewählt, dessen Haftung zur Trägerfolie geringer ist als seine Haftung zu der Flüssigkristallschicht, um einen Folienriss zu verhindern. Auch muss die Haftung der Flüssigkristalle zur Trägerfolie geringer sein als die Haftung des Klebstoffs zu den Flüssigkristallen, um die Trennung zu ermöglichen. Weiter muss die Haftung des Klebstoffs zu der Schicht, auf die das System transferiert werden soll, besser sein als die Haftung der Flüssigkristalle auf der Trägerfolie. Sie muss darüber hinaus auch besser sein als die Haftung des Klebstoffs zur Trägerfolie. Die vorstehenden Anforderungen an den Laminierklebstoff sind insbesondere dann von Bedeutung, wenn die zu übertragende Flüssigkristallschicht nicht vollflächig ausgebildet ist.If no release layer is provided, it is expedient to choose a laminating adhesive whose adhesion to the carrier film is less than its adhesion to the liquid-crystal layer, in order to prevent a film tear. Also, the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the support film must be less than the adhesion of the adhesive to the liquid crystals to permit separation. Furthermore, the adhesion of the adhesive to the layer to which the system is to be transferred must be better than the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the carrier film. It must also be better than the adhesion of the adhesive to the carrier film. The above requirements of the laminating adhesive are particularly important if the liquid crystal layer to be transferred is not formed over the entire surface.
Nach dem Auflaminieren der ersten Flüssigkristallschicht 23 auf die opake Schicht 25 wird die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 24 in analoger Weise auf die im Verbund nunmehr oben liegende erste Flüssigkristallschicht 23 auflaminiert.After laminating the first liquid crystal layer 23 on the opaque layer 25, the second liquid crystal layer 24 is applied in an analogous manner to the laminated in the composite now above the first liquid crystal layer 23.
In der
Die
Das Ausführungsbeispiel der
In den von der λ/2-Schicht 84 unbedeckten Bereichen 86 reflektiert die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 82 Licht mit einer vorgewählten zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung, beispielsweise linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht (L). Im Überlappungsbereich 88 der beiden Schichten reflektiert das Sicherheitselement 80 Licht mit der gegenläufigen Polarisationsrichtung, im Ausführungsbeispiel also rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht (R), da das einfallende unpolarisierte Licht von der λ/2-Schicht 84 nicht beeinflusst wird, die Polarisationsrichtung des von der ersten Flüssigkristallschicht 82 reflektierten, linkszirkular polarisierten Lichts von der λ/2-Schicht 84 jedoch durch den Gangunterschied zwischen dem ordentlichen und dem außerordentlichen Strahl in seiner Polarisationsorientierung gerade umgekehrt wird.In the
Ohne Hilfsmittel ist das von der λ/2-Schicht 84 gebildete Motiv kaum zu erkennen, da das Sicherheitselement in den bedeckten wie den unbedeckten Bereichen im Wesentlichen die gleiche Lichtmenge reflektiert und das unbewaffnete Auge die zirkulare Polarisationsrichtung des Lichts nicht unterscheiden kann.Without aids, the motif formed by the λ / 2
Betrachtet man das Sicherheitselement 80 dagegen durch einen Zirkularpolarisator 89, der nur rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert, so tritt das in der λ/2-Schicht 84 gebildete Motiv mit deutlichem Kontrast hervor. Wie in
Die vorstehenden Effekte lassen sich beobachten, wenn das nematische flüssigkristalline Material achromatisch dispersiv ist, d.h. , wenn die Dispersion bzw. die Wellenlängenabhängigkeit des Brechungsindexes über den gewählten Wellenlängenbereich vernachlässigbar ist. In diesem Fall wird der Drehsinn der zirkularen Polarisation in der nematischen Flüssigkristallschicht umgedreht, wobei die Phasenverschiebung λ/2 entspricht. Ist das nematische flüssigkristalline Material chromatisch dispersiv, so ist die Phasenverschiebung in der nematischen Flüssigkristallschicht nicht mehr exakt λ/2 für jede Wellenlänge und es kommt zu elliptischer Polarisation. Die nematische Schicht erscheint dann eher dunkelgrau als schwarz.The above effects can be observed when the nematic liquid crystalline material is achromatically dispersive, i. if the dispersion or the wavelength dependence of the refractive index over the selected wavelength range is negligible. In this case, the direction of rotation of the circular polarization in the nematic liquid crystal layer is reversed, the phase shift corresponding to λ / 2. If the nematic liquid-crystalline material is chromatically dispersive, then the phase shift in the nematic liquid-crystal layer is no longer exactly λ / 2 for each wavelength and elliptical polarization occurs. The nematic layer then appears dark gray rather than black.
Zur Herstellung des Sicherheitselements 80 kann zunächst eine nematische Flüssigkristallschicht 84 in Form eines Motivs auf eine glatte PET-Folie guter Oberflächenqualität in einer Schichtdicke aufgedruckt werden, die so gewählt ist, dass man für den Wellenlängenbereich, in dem die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 82 selektiv reflektiert, eine λ/2-Schicht erhält. Beispielsweise wird die Flüssigkristallschicht in einem Beschichtungsgewicht von ungefähr 2 g/m2 aufgebracht. Nach physikalischem Trocknen zur Entfernung des Lösungsmittels wird die Flüssigkristallschicht mittels ultravioletter Strahlung vernetzt. Auf die mit nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material bereichsweise beschichtete PET-Folie wird anschließend eine Schicht 82 aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material vollflächig aufgedruckt, beispielsweise ebenfalls in einem Beschichtungsgewicht von ungefähr 2 g/m2. Es versteht sich, dass die benötigten Beschichtungsmengen dabei insbesondere von den verwendeten Lacken abhängen. Auch diese Schicht wird nach physikalischer Trocknung mittels ultravioletter Strahlung vernetzt.To produce the
Der so erzeugte zweischichtige Flüssigkristallaufbau wird dann mithilfe handelsüblicher Laminierklebstoffe über die nun oben liegende cholesterische Flüssigkristallschicht 82 auf eine opake, vorzugsweise schwarze Schicht 22 auflaminiert, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zusätzlich elektrisch leitfähig ist. Ein solcher elektrisch leitfähiger schwarzer Untergrund kann beispielsweise durch eine mit Ruß-Pigmenten eingefärbte Lackschicht bereitgestellt werden. Alternativ kann die opake Schicht 22 auch durch eine mit Magnetpigmenten versehene schwarze Druckfarbe gebildet werden. Nach der Verklebung kann schließlich die Trägerfolie entfernt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise über Trennschichten erfolgen. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um UV-Lacke oder Wachse, die mechanisch oder thermisch aktiviert werden können. Ist keine Trennschicht vorgesehen, so kann auch die vollflächig aufgedruckte cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschicht 82 als Hilfsschicht zwischen dem Laminierklebstoff und der PET-Folie dienen und so den ansonsten beim Abziehen der PET-Folie möglichen Folienriss, der insbesondere beim Übertragen nicht vollflächiger Schichten auftreten kann, verhindern.The two-layered liquid-crystal structure produced in this way is then laminated by means of commercially available laminating adhesives via the cholesteric liquid-
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel ist in
Das in
Betrachtet man nun das Sicherheitselement 90 durch einen Linearpolarisator 91, lassen sich weitere Effekte beobachten, deren Wirkung von der optischen Hauptachse 95 des nematischen flüssigkristallinen Materials hervorgerufen wird. Die genaue Schichtdicke der nematischen Flüssigkristallschicht 94 spielt bei diesem zusätzlichen Effekt eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Wird der Linearpolarisator 91 in eine Stellung gedreht, in der die optische Hauptachse 93 des Linearpolarisators 91 mit der optischen Hauptachse 95 des nematischen flüssigkristallinen Materials kollinear ist (
Das von der cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschicht 92 reflektierte zirkular polarisierte Licht stellt eine Linearkombination aus linear polarisiertem Licht dar. Mithilfe des Linearpolarisators 91 lässt sich daher in den in
Die Codierung 165 erstreckt sich über die gesamte Breite des Fadens. Sie setzt sich aus Bereichen 161, die mit magnetischem Material versehen sind, und magnetschichtfreien Bereichen 162 zusammen. In einer speziellen Ausgestaltung besteht die Codierung 165 aus gleich großen Bitzellen, die entweder mit magnetischem Material gefüllt (z.B. binäre "1") werden oder nicht (z.B. binäre "0"). Gemäß der Erfindung werden die magnetschichtfreien Bereiche 162 der Codierung 165 genutzt, um hier die in Transmission erkennbaren Aussparungen 163, 164 anzuordnen. Auf diese Weise können die durch die Aussparungen 163,164 gebildete Negativschrift und die Codierung 165 gemeinsam auf einem Faden vorgesehen werden, ohne sich gegenseitig zu beeinträchtigen. Die Aussparungen 163 können daher wie bei Fäden, die nur eine Negativschrift aufweisen, in der Fadenmitte angeordnet und in der üblichen Größe erzeugt werden. Zudem weist der Faden, abgesehen von den durch Flüssigkristallschichten 172,174 erzeugten, nachfolgend im Detail erläuterten Farbkipp- bzw. Polarisationseffekten, das gleiche äußere Erscheinungsbild auf wie ein üblicher Negativschrift-Sicherheitsfaden. Nichts lässt von außen erkennen, dass gleichzeitig eine Magnetcodierung auf dem Faden angeordnet ist.The
Ein erhöhter Fälschungsschutz wird erzielt, wenn die Aussparungen 164 als Mikroschriftzeichen ausgeführt werden, d.h. eine wesentlich geringere Größe aufweisen als die Aussparungen 163, da sich die Mikroschriftzeichen nicht oder nur mit hohem Aufwand imitieren lassen. Beispielsweise können die Aussparungen 163 eine Größe von mehr als 1 mm und die Aussparungen 164 eine Größe von weniger als 1 mm aufweisen.An increased protection against counterfeiting is achieved when the
Betrachtet man das Sicherheitselement 160 durch einen hier nicht gezeigten Zirkularpolarisator, der nur rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert, so tritt das in der als λ/2-Schicht ausgebildeten nematischen Flüssigkristallschicht 174 gebildete Motiv mit deutlichem Kontrast hervor. Wie in
Ein Schnitt entlang B - B durch diesen Faden ist in
Zur Herstellung des in
Es versteht sich, dass das Sicherheitselement gemäß anderer Ausgestaltungen noch weitere Magnetschichten aufweisen kann. Insbesondere lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement auch besonders vorteilhaft mit Magnetcodierungen kombinieren, wie sie aus der
Das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Zur Herstellung der Aussparungen 183, die in Form von Mustern und/oder Zeichen, insbesondere in Form einer Negativschrift, vorliegen, wird die mit der schwarz einfärbten und der transparenten Schutzlackschicht 186 bzw. 188 bedruckte Metallschicht 185 mithilfe eines der bekannten Verfahren teilweise demetallisiert, beispielsweise unter Verwendung eines Ätzmittels. Die nicht mit den Schutzlackschichten 186,188 versehenen Bereiche werden dabei entfernt. Auf diesen Schichtaufbau werden nun die Flüssigkristallschichten wie vorstehend beschrieben aufgebracht, wobei gegebenenfalls nicht dargestellte Alignmentschichten oder Kleberschichten zwischen den Schichten vorgesehen sein können.To produce the
Wird das Sicherheitselement 180 von der Seite der Flüssigkristallschichten 182,184 betrachtet, ist die Metallschicht 185 nur in den mit der transparenten Schutzlackschicht 188 versehenen Bereichen wahrnehmbar. In den Bereichen hingegen, in denen die schwarz eingefärbte Schutzlackschicht 186 vorliegt, weist das Sicherheitselement die hier beschriebenen Farbkippeffekte auf, die aufgrund des dunklen Untergrunds deutlich in Erscheinung treten. Bei Betrachtung von der Seite der transluzenten Kunststoffschicht 181 ist die opake Metallschicht 185 sowohl in den Bereichen mit der transparenten Schutzlackschicht 188 als auch in den Bereichen mit der schwarz eingefärbten Schutzlackschicht 186 zu sehen.If the
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist das Sicherheitselement derart ausgestaltet, dass die Aussparungen in der opaken Schicht zusammen mit den Flüssigkristallschichten eine zusätzliche Information bilden, beispielsweise eine neue geometrische Form, wobei sowohl die Farbeffekte als auch die Polarisationseffekte der Flüssigkristallschichten ausgenutzt werden. Das Prinzip dieses Ausführungsbeispiels wird nun mit Bezug auf die
Das Sicherheitselement 190 weist einen Schichtaufbau auf, dessen Schichtenfolge im Wesentlichen der in
Wird das Sicherheitselement 190 auf einer schwarzen Unterlage 198 angeordnet (
Die
Das Sicherheitselement 60 der
Eine solche gegenläufige selektive Reflexion kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die beiden cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschichten 62 und 64 aus demselben nematischen Flüssigkristallsystem unter Verwendung von zueinander spiegelbildlichen Verdrillern erzeugt werden. Damit kann eine spiegelbildliche helixartige Anordnung der stäbchenförmigen Flüssigkristallmoleküle in den beiden Flüssigkristallschichten erzielt werden, so dass eine Schicht rechts-, die andere Schicht linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht reflektiert. Die Farbe des von den Flüssigkristallschichten reflektierten Lichts hängt, wie bei den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen, von der Betrachtungsrichtung ab, und ändert sich beim Übergang von senkrechter zu spitzwinkliger Betrachtung beispielsweise von Rot nach Grün.Such opposing selective reflection can be achieved, for example, by creating the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers 62 and 64 from the same nematic liquid crystal system using mutually mirror-image twisters. Thus, a mirror-image helical arrangement of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules in the two liquid crystal layers can be achieved, so that one layer reflects right-handed, the other layer left circularly polarized light. The color of the light reflected from the liquid crystal layers depends on the viewing direction as in the above-described embodiments, and changes from red to green, for example, in the transition from vertical to acute viewing.
Die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 62 liegt im Ausführungsbeispiel der
Betrachtet man nun das Sicherheitselement 60 durch einen Zirkularpolarisator 72, der nur linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht durchlässt, so tritt das durch die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 62 gebildete Motiv mit starkem Helligkeitskontrast hervor, da der Zirkularpolarisator 72 das von der zweiten Flüssigkristallschicht 64 reflektierte rechtszirkular polarisierte Licht vollständig ausblendet. Wie vorstehend beschrieben, kann ein solcher Zirkularpolarisator 72 beispielsweise durch einen Linearpolarisator und ein nachgeschaltetes λ/4-Plättchen gebildet sein.If the
Es versteht sich, dass in analoger Weise die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 64 oder auch beide Flüssigkristallschichten 62, 64 in Form von Motiven vorliegen können. Ein Motiv in der zweiten Flüssigkristallschicht 64 kann entsprechend mithilfe eines Zirkularpolarisators, der rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert, deutlich sichtbar gemacht werden. Mit einer Betrachtungsvorrichtung, die beide Polarisatortypen enthält, können die Motive in einer oder beiden Schichten einfach angezeigt werden.It is understood that the second
Dieses neuartige Farbwechselspiel, bei dem der Farbeindruck des Sicherheitselements beim Kippen von kurzwelligem zu längerwelligem Licht wechselt, kommt dadurch zustande, dass die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 32 blaues Licht (Pfeil 321) in die senkrechte Betrachtungsrichtung und kürzerwellige UV-Strahlung (Pfeil 322) in die spitzwinklige Betrachtungsrichtung reflektiert. Die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 34 ist so ausgebildet, dass sie Infrarot-Strahlung (Pfeil 341) in die senkrechte Betrachtungsrichtung und kürzerwelliges rotes Licht (Pfeil 342) in die spitzwinklige Betrachtungsrichtung reflektiert. Die beiden außerhalb des sichtbaren Spektralbereichs liegenden Reflexionsanteile 321 und 342 tragen zum Farbeindruck des Sicherheitselements nichts bei, so dass sich für den Betrachter bei senkrechter Betrachtung ein blauer Farbeindruck 301 und bei spitzwinkliger Betrachtung ein langwelliger roter Farbeindruck 302 ergibt.This novel color-changing game in which the color impression of the security element when tilting from short-wave to longer-wave light is due to the fact that the first liquid crystal layer 32 reflects blue light (arrow 321) in the vertical viewing direction and shorter-wave UV radiation (arrow 322) in the acute-angled viewing direction. The second liquid crystal layer 34 is formed to reflect infrared radiation (arrow 341) in the perpendicular viewing direction and shorter wavelength red light (arrow 342) in the acute viewing direction. The two
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in
Die beiden Flüssigkristallschichten sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass das Wappenmotiv 46 bei senkrechter Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements (
Bei senkrechter Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements 40 ergibt sich somit im Überlappungsbereich 48 der beiden Schichten ein Farbeindruck 401, der durch die additive Farbmischung des blauen Lichts 421 der ersten Flüssigkristallschicht 42 und des roten Lichts 441 der zweiten Flüssigkristallschicht 44 gegeben ist, während außerhalb des Überlappungsbereichs nur der rote Farbeindruck der zweiten Flüssigkristallschicht 44 erkennbar ist. Durch den Farbkontrast im reflektierten Licht 401 tritt das Wappenmotiv 46 für den Betrachter deutlich hervor.When the
Kippt der Betrachter nun das Sicherheitselernent 40, so dass er es unter einem spitzen Winkel sieht, so reflektiert die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 42 im Überlappungsbereich 48 nur außerhalb des sichtbaren Spektralbereichs liegendes ultraviolettes Licht zum Betrachter. Die Flüssigkristallschicht 42 trägt somit weder im Überlappungsbereich 48 noch außerhalb des Überlappungsbereichs zum Farbeindruck 402 des Sicherheitselements 40 bei. Unter spitzem Betrachtungswinkel ist das Motiv daher nicht zu erkennen, und der Betrachter hat den Eindruck, dass das Wappenmotiv 46 beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 40 aus der Senkrechten verschwindet.If the observer now tilts the
In analoger Weise kann ein Sicherheitselement 50 mit einem beim Kippen erscheinenden Motiv erzeugt werden, wie in
Bei dieser Konstellation ist das Motiv 56 bei senkrechter Betrachtung im reflektierten Licht 501 nicht erkennbar, da von der ersten Flüssigkristallschicht 52 allenfalls unsichtbare infrarote Strahlung in die senkrechte Betrachtungsrichtung reflektiert wird. Erst beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 50 wird das Motiv für den Betrachter erkennbar, da die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 52 im Überlappungsbereich 58 dann rotes Licht zum Betrachter reflektiert, und sich das Motiv 56 im reflektierten Licht 502 somit von dem violetten Farbeindruck außerhalb des Überlappungsbereichs 58 abhebt.In this constellation, the subject 56 is not visible when viewed perpendicularly in the reflected
Bei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung weist das Sicherheitselement einen dreischichtigen Flüssigkristallaufbau auf, bei dem eine λ/2-Schicht zwischen zwei cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschichten mit denselben lichtpolarisierenden Eigenschaften angeordnet ist. Das Prinzip dieser Ausführungsbeispiele wird nun mit Bezug auf
Das Sicherheitselement 100 weist eine auf einer mit einem maschinenlesbaren Merkmal versehenen, opaken, vorzugsweise schwarzen Schicht 22 aufgebrachte Schichtenfolge auf, die aus einer ersten cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschicht 102, einer λ/2-Schicht 104 aus nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material und einer zweiten cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschicht 106 besteht. Die lichtpolarisierenden Eigenschaften der ersten und zweiten Flüssigkristallschicht 102 und 106 sind identisch, so dass die beide Schichten für sich genommen Licht in demselben vorgewählten Wellenlängenbereich und mit derselben vorgewählten zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung reflektieren. Alle Schichten können vollflächig oder auch nur bereichsweise aufgebracht sein, um unterschiedliche oder sich ergänzende Motive, wie Zeichen oder Muster, zu bilden.The
Die Reflexionseigenschaften der verschiedenen möglichen Schichtenabfolgen sind in
In einem ersten Bereich 110, in dem nur die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 102 vorliegt, wird linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht reflektiert. In einem zweiten Bereich 112, in dem die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 102 von der λ/2-Schicht 104 bedeckt ist, reflektiert das Sicherheitselement, wie bereits in Zusammenhang mit
Im vierten Bereich 116, in dem nur die beiden cholesterischen Flüssigkristallschichten 102 und 106 vorliegen, reflektiert die obere Flüssigkristallschicht 106 linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht. Das durchgelassene rechtszirkular polarisierte Licht wird von der unteren Flüssigkristallschicht 102 ebenfalls durchgelassen und in der schwarzen Schicht 22 absorbiert. Das Sicherheitselement reflektiert in diesem Bereich somit nur linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht. Das gleiche gilt für den fünften Bereich 118, in dem die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 106 allein vorliegt.In the
Die zahlreichen Variationsmöglichkeiten durch die verschiedenen Schichtenfolgen erlauben eine Vielzahl an Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für Sicherheitselemente, von denen nur einige beispielhaft genauer erläutert werden.The numerous possibilities of variation due to the different layer sequences allow a multitude of application possibilities for security elements, of which only some are explained in more detail by way of example.
Das Sicherheitselement 120 der
Bei normaler Beleuchtung mit unpolarisiertem Licht erscheint das Motiv der λ/2-Schicht 104 zwar mit demselben Farbeindruck wie seine Umgebung, ist jedoch aufgrund der Reflexion sowohl des linkszirkular als auch des rechtszirkular polarisierten Lichts in den Bereichen 126 durch die im Wesentlichen doppelte reflektierte Lichtmenge bereits ohne Hilfsmittel erkennbar. Wird das Sicherheitselement 120 ferner über einen Zirkularpolarisator 122 mit rechtszirkular polarisiertem Licht beleuchtet, so tritt das Motiv für den Betrachter 124 ohne weitere Hilfsmittel mit starkem Kontrast in Erscheinung, da das rechtszirkular polarisierte Licht in den Bereichen 126, in denen alle drei Schichten überlappen, reflektiert wird, während es in Bereichen 128 ohne λ/2-Schicht 104 von der oberen und unteren Flüssigkristallschicht 106 bzw. 102 transmittiert und in der schwarzen Schicht 22 absorbiert wird.In normal illumination with unpolarized light, the motif of the λ / 2
Sind die Teilschichten 134 und 136 in einem Teilbereich 138 unverdreht, also mit einem Drehwinkel θ = 0° übereinander angeordnet, so bilden sie zusammen eine λ/2-Schicht, die wie die λ/2-Schicht 104 des Ausführungsbeispiels der
Sind die beiden λ/4-Schichten 134 und 136 in einem Teilbereich 142 um einen Winkel Drehwinkel θ zwischen 0° und 90° in ihrer Orientierung gegeneinander verdreht, so bewirkt die Zwischenschicht 132, dass ein bestimmter Anteil an rechtszirkular polarisiertem Licht von der Schichtenfolge reflektiert wird. Die Größe des reflektierten Anteils nimmt mit zunehmenden Drehwinkel kontinuierlich ab. Durch einen unterschiedlichen Drehwinkel θ in verschiedenen Flächenbereichen der Zwischenschicht 132 lassen sich so beispielsweise Halbtonmotive in dem Sicherheitselement codieren, die bei Beleuchtung mit unpolarisiertem Licht kaum in Erscheinung treten, bei Beleuchtung mit zirkular polarisiertem Licht aber für den Betrachter ohne weitere Hilfsmittel als Graustufenbilder in Erscheinung treten.If the two λ / 4
Es versteht sich, dass in analoger Weise auch in Schichtfolgen, die keine zweite cholesterische Flüssigkristallschicht aufweisen, wie dies beispielsweise in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die erste Flüssigkristallschicht 152 weist einen ersten Farbkippeffekt, beispielsweise von Grün nach Blau, auf und reflektiert zudem nur Licht einer vorgewählten zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung, beispielsweise rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht. Die zweite Flüssigkristallschicht 154 weist einen zweiten Farbkippeffekt, beispielsweise von Magenta nach Grün, auf und reflektiert zudem nur Licht der zur ersten Flüssigkristallschicht gegenläufigen zirkularen Polarisationsrichtung, im Ausführungsbeispiel linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht. Wird das Sicherheitselement 150 bei Beleuchtung mit unpolarisiertem Licht und ohne Hilfsmittel betrachtet, so überlagern sich die beiden Farbkippeffekte durch additive Farbmischung des reflektierten Lichts.The first
Betrachtet man das Sicherheitselement 150 durch einen Zirkularpolarisator 156, der nur rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert, so lässt sich beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements der Farbkippeffekt der ersten Flüssigkristallschicht 152 alleine beobachten, wie in
Selbstverständlich kann in den Ausführungsbeispielen, bei denen die Farbkippeffekte und die besonderen lichtpolarisierenden Eigenschaften der Flüssigkristallschichten ausgenutzt werden, statt einer mit einem maschinenlesbaren Merkmal versehenen, opaken, vorzugsweise schwarzen Schicht 22 auch eine der mit Bezug auf die
Claims (15)
- A security element (180) for securing valuable articles, comprising- a first layer (182), composed of cholesteric liquid crystal material, that is present at least in some regions,- a second layer (184), composed of cholesteric liquid crystal material, that is present at least in some regions,- a further layer, having a machine-readable feature, that is present at least in some regions and that is covered at least in some regions by the first and second layer composed of liquid crystal material,the wavelength range in which the second layer (184) selectively reflects light differing from the wavelength range in which the first layer (182) selectively reflects light, and at least one of the layers (182,184) composed of liquid crystal material being present in the form of characters and/or patterns, the security element comprising an opaque layer (186) that is provided at least in some regions and forms the further layer having the machine-readable feature, first gaps in the form of patterns and/or characters that are perceptible in transmission being provided in the opaque layer (186) as a first piece of information.
- The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the opaque layer forms a dark background for the first and/or second layer composed of liquid crystal material.
- The security element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the opaque layer is formed from black printing ink or a black colored lacquer.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the opaque layer is magnetically and/or electrically conductive and/or luminescent.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a second piece of information is provided in the form of second gaps in the opaque layer that differ in size from the first gaps.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first and/or second gaps in the opaque layer constitute, together with the first and/or second layer composed of liquid crystal material, an additional piece of information.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the circular polarization direction of the light that the second layer composed of liquid crystal material reflects, itself or in coaction with the first layer composed of liquid crystal material, is opposite to the circular polarization direction of the light reflected by the first layer.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in one viewing direction, at least one layer of the first and second layer reflects only light from the non-visible part of the spectrum.
- The security element according to claim 8, characterized in that the light from the non-visible part of the spectrum is infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a separate first magnetic layer is provided at least in some regions, especially in that the separate first magnetic layer is covered by the opaque layer.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a separate electrically conductive layer is provided at least in some regions, especially in that the separate electrically conductive layer is present in the form of a layer that is formed from electrically conductive strips that run parallel to the thread direction, or that is substantially transparent.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a separate metallic layer is provided at least in some regions, especially in that the separate metallic layer comprises gaps.
- The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the layers of the security element includes at least one additional authenticating feature, especially in that the additional authenticating feature is selected from the group consisting of luminescent substances, color pigments and effect pigments.
- A method for manufacturing a security element (180) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, in which are applied to a substrate foil a first layer (182) composed of cholesteric liquid crystal material, and a second layer (184) composed of cholesteric liquid crystal material, such that they are stacked in an overlap region, the first and second layer (182,184) composed of liquid crystal material being applied in such a way to a further layer that is present at least in some regions and that has a machine-readable feature, that the further layer is covered at least in some regions by the first and second layer (182,184) composed of liquid crystal material, the further layer having the machine-readable feature being formed by an opaque layer that is provided at least in some regions, first gaps in the form of patterns and/or characters that are perceptible in transmission being provided in the opaque layer as a first piece of information, and the wavelength range in which the second layer (184) selectively reflects light differing from the wavelength range in which the first layer (182) selectively reflects light, and at least one of the layers (182,184) composed of liquid crystal material being applied in the form of characters and/or patterns.
- A valuable article, such as a branded article, value document or the like, having a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 13 or a security element manufacturable according to claim 14, the valuable article especially being a security paper, a value document or a product packaging.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004039355A DE102004039355A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Security element and method for its production |
EP05784426A EP1836057B1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2005-08-08 | Security element and method for producing the same |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05784426.8 Division | 2005-08-08 | ||
EP05784426A Division EP1836057B1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2005-08-08 | Security element and method for producing the same |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2269837A1 EP2269837A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2269837B1 true EP2269837B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
EP2269837B8 EP2269837B8 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
ID=35431562
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05784426A Active EP1836057B1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2005-08-08 | Security element and method for producing the same |
EP10012391.8A Active EP2269837B8 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2005-08-08 | Security element and method of manufacturing thereof |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05784426A Active EP1836057B1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2005-08-08 | Security element and method for producing the same |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8622435B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1836057B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN100560380C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE484398T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0515000A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2575498A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004039355A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2352848T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007001546A (en) |
PL (1) | PL1836057T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2384416C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1836057T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006018172A1 (en) |
ZA (2) | ZA200702028B (en) |
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- 2005-08-08 CN CNB2005800267435A patent/CN100560380C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-08 EP EP10012391.8A patent/EP2269837B8/en active Active
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- 2005-08-08 CN CNB2005800268334A patent/CN100469590C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-08 RU RU2007108660/12A patent/RU2384416C2/en active
- 2005-08-08 DE DE502005010400T patent/DE502005010400D1/en active Active
- 2005-08-08 SI SI200531169T patent/SI1836057T1/en unknown
- 2005-08-08 MX MX2007001546A patent/MX2007001546A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-08-08 US US11/573,506 patent/US8622435B2/en active Active
- 2005-08-08 ES ES05784426T patent/ES2352848T3/en active Active
- 2005-08-08 WO PCT/EP2005/008568 patent/WO2006018172A1/en active Application Filing
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2007
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2384416C2 (en) | 2010-03-20 |
EP1836057B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
WO2006018172A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
PL1836057T3 (en) | 2011-04-29 |
ES2352848T3 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
CN100469590C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
ATE484398T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
EP2269837A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
CA2575498A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
SI1836057T1 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
DE502005010400D1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
EP1836057A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
ZA200702028B (en) | 2008-07-30 |
CN101001758A (en) | 2007-07-18 |
US8622435B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
DE102004039355A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
RU2007108660A (en) | 2008-09-20 |
CN100560380C (en) | 2009-11-18 |
US20080054621A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
ZA200702029B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
CN1993236A (en) | 2007-07-04 |
BRPI0515000A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
EP2269837B8 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
MX2007001546A (en) | 2008-03-04 |
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