EP2248134A1 - Verfahren zur konditionierung radioaktiver ionenaustauscherharze - Google Patents
Verfahren zur konditionierung radioaktiver ionenaustauscherharzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2248134A1 EP2248134A1 EP09702004A EP09702004A EP2248134A1 EP 2248134 A1 EP2248134 A1 EP 2248134A1 EP 09702004 A EP09702004 A EP 09702004A EP 09702004 A EP09702004 A EP 09702004A EP 2248134 A1 EP2248134 A1 EP 2248134A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- ion exchange
- exchange resin
- resin
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 12
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006701 autoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/304—Cement or cement-like matrix
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for conditioning radioactive ion exchange resins.
- Ion exchange resins which are generally present as approximately spherical particles, are used, for example, in the operation of nuclear facilities to clean the coolant of the primary system, ie water. The aim of this cleaning is to avoid unwanted deposits on the surfaces of the primary circuit components, to prevent corrosion and to reduce the build-up of contamination in the primary circuit of the system.
- Both acid cation exchangers and basic anion exchangers are used in this purification, the former retaining metal cations and the latter anionic compounds, for example metal complexes. Since some of the metals are radionuclides, spent or loaded ion exchangers are radioactive waste and must be disposed of temporarily or permanently.
- Radioactively contaminated exchange resins are also used in the decontamination of nuclear facilities, eg in primary circuit decontamination.
- metal oxide layers present on the surfaces of the primary circuit components are removed by means of decontamination solutions, the solutions being passed through ion exchangers during or after the decontamination in order to remove activity or metal cations contained therein.
- contaminated ion exchangers which are essentially organic resins with acidic or basic groups, must be conditioned. Conditioning is generally understood to mean the transfer of a radioactive waste into a storable form.
- spent ion exchange resins are usually dried and after a certain storage period or decay time, in which the radioactivity has dropped to a predetermined limit, for the purpose of storage embedded in a solid matrix, for example, cemented.
- the embedding of the ion exchange resins in a solid matrix leads to an increase in volume by more than six times the volume of the resin. Due to the large amount of waste arising for the operator of a nuclear power plant considerable costs for the intermediate or final disposal. Therefore, concepts have been developed to reduce the volume of the ion exchange resins.
- One of these concepts provides for combustion. However, this requires complex filter systems to prevent leakage of radioactivity into the environment. In addition, the combustion does not work very well due to the acidic or basic groups commonly present in the resins.
- the metals and thus the activity with the aid of acids or alkalis are completely removed from the resins, so that the resins can be reused.
- the respective acid or alkali is passed over a purely organic, i. neither acid nor basic groups containing and therefore more easily combustible resin passed, the metals (and the
- the object of the invention is to propose a method for conditioning contaminated ion exchange resins, with which compared to the direct embedding in a solid matrix, a volume reduction is connected and can be carried out with little time and material.
- a method according to claim 1 namely in that the ion exchange resin is mixed with water and with the aid of an oxidizing agent added to the water is at least partially decomposed into water-soluble fragments, wherein the resulting aqueous solution is solidified with a binder.
- the volume reduction achieved by the process over cementation of solid resin particles is mainly due to the transition from the solid phase in which the resin is in the form of a bulky network of macromolecules to dissolved fragments of that network. Essentially, the process does not require more than one tank to carry out the resin oxidation and possibly a second tank for the Consolidation.
- the added oxidizing agent causes the polymer network of the resin, for example a copolymer of vinylbenzene and divinylbenzene, to break up, forming water-soluble fragments.
- the water solubility results from acid or base groups present on the fragments (eg sulfonic acid groups or aminoethyl groups).
- the oxidation is preferably continued until all or almost all of the resin has gone into solution.
- the exchange resin is treated oxidatively only until it is preferably completely in the form of water-soluble fragments.
- the resulting amount of carbon dioxide is relatively low.
- Preliminary tests can be determined empirically.
- the solidification takes place in a simple manner by the fact that at the end of the oxidation
- the present mixture is stirred with at least the same mass of cement.
- other binders such as water glass may also be used.
- Compared to the above-mentioned direct involvement of the untreated ion exchange resin in cement which results in an increase in volume compared to the original resin bulk volume by a factor of 6, in accordance with the invention - depending on the present water / resin ratio and water / Cement value - a factor of only 2 to 4 achieved. This factor can be further reduced if part of the water is removed from the solution by evaporation before solidification.
- Cement for example Portland cement
- Portland cement usually contains high proportions of calcium oxide, which together with silicates with the mixing water forms cement hardening hydrates during the setting process. If the water of the mixture to be solidified is acidic, the calcium oxide is dissolved and is no longer available for hydrate formation and thus for cement hardening.
- a base is added for the neutralization of acids or for raising the pH of the mixture, so that it is slightly acidic to basic at the end. Alkaline earth oxides and hydroxides are preferably used as the base.
- the oxidation of the ion exchange resins can in principle be carried out with any desired oxidizing agents. Preferably, however, those are used which form no reaction products in their reaction with the resin, which hinder the setting of the cement or other binder.
- oxidizing agents which have this property, water used toffperoxid and ozone. Hydrogen peroxide leaves only harmless water, and ozone is reduced to oxygen, which escapes for the most part from the mixture. Resin oxidation produces CO 2 (which mostly escapes) and water.
- Resins 1 and 2 are relatively low crosslinked polystyrene-based resins having a divinylbenzene content of about 4-6%. Resins 3 and 4 are more crosslinked and have a divinylbenzene content of about 8-12%. The experiments have shown that not all resins are equally degradable. The time required to get more highly crosslinked resins
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008005336A DE102008005336A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 | 2008-01-17 | Verfahren zur Konditionierung radioaktiver Ionenaustauscherharze |
| PCT/EP2009/050415 WO2009090209A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-01-15 | Verfahren zur konditionierung radioaktiver ionenaustauscherharze |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2248134A1 true EP2248134A1 (de) | 2010-11-10 |
| EP2248134B1 EP2248134B1 (de) | 2011-06-22 |
Family
ID=40756569
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09702004A Active EP2248134B1 (de) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-01-15 | Verfahren zur konditionierung radioaktiver ionenaustauscherharze |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8372289B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2248134B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5543926B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR101183002B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE514168T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2711555C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008005336A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2367238T3 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI442414B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009090209A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018131902B3 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2020-02-27 | Framatome Gmbh | Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Ionenaustauscherharzen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| TWI755071B (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-02-11 | 黃慶村 | 以廢離子交換樹脂的濕法降解廢液製備可硬化漿,並用以固化/固定其他廢棄物的方法,以及改良的廢離子交換樹脂與有機物的濕法氧化方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5341319B2 (de) * | 1971-08-17 | 1978-11-01 | ||
| DE2945007A1 (de) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-21 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur endlagerreifen, umweltfreundlichen verfestigung von radioaktiven ionenaustauscherharzen |
| US4437999A (en) * | 1981-08-31 | 1984-03-20 | Gram Research & Development Co. | Method of treating contaminated insoluble organic solid material |
| JPS5958400A (ja) * | 1982-09-28 | 1984-04-04 | 日本原子力事業株式会社 | 放射性イオン交換樹脂の減容固化方法 |
| JPS5998740A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-07 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 使用済イオン交換樹脂の分解処理方法 |
| US4530723A (en) | 1983-03-07 | 1985-07-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Encapsulation of ion exchange resins |
| JPH0232600B2 (ja) * | 1983-03-07 | 1990-07-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ionkokanjushisuiseiekikongobutsuosementochunifunyusuruhoho |
| SE8304278L (sv) | 1983-08-04 | 1985-02-05 | Studsvik Energiteknik Ab | Forfarande for behandling av anvend, radioaktiv, organisk jonbytarmassa |
| JPS61165696A (ja) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 放射性廃棄物処理方法 |
| JPS63158497A (ja) * | 1986-08-20 | 1988-07-01 | 富士電機株式会社 | 放射性イオン交換樹脂の分解処理方法 |
| DE3926252A1 (de) | 1989-08-09 | 1991-02-14 | Ghattas Nader Khalil | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur zersetzung verbrauchter ionentauscherharze |
| WO1992003829A1 (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1992-03-05 | Electric Power Research Institute | Organic material oxidation process utilizing no added catalyst |
| FR2678761B1 (fr) * | 1991-07-03 | 1994-07-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Bloc contenant des resines echangeuses d'ions contaminees et son procede de preparation. |
| EP0666777B1 (de) * | 1992-11-04 | 1997-06-04 | Abb Atom Ab | Methode und vorrichtung zur behandlung und entsorgung von verbrauchten ionenaustauscherharz |
| JP3846820B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-20 | 2006-11-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体廃棄物処理方法 |
| JP4675521B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-15 | 2011-04-27 | 日揮株式会社 | 放射性有機廃棄物の処理方法及び処理装置 |
| JP4414214B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-24 | 2010-02-10 | 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所 | 廃イオン交換樹脂の処理方法 |
| EP1564188B1 (de) | 2004-02-13 | 2006-11-29 | Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council | Verfahren zur Behandlung vor verbrauchten Ionenaustauschern |
| EP1786000A1 (de) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-16 | AREVA NP GmbH | Verfahren zur Konditionierung radioaktiver Ionenaustauscherharze |
-
2008
- 2008-01-17 DE DE102008005336A patent/DE102008005336A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-01-15 WO PCT/EP2009/050415 patent/WO2009090209A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-01-15 ES ES09702004T patent/ES2367238T3/es active Active
- 2009-01-15 JP JP2010542625A patent/JP5543926B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-15 AT AT09702004T patent/ATE514168T1/de active
- 2009-01-15 KR KR1020107018247A patent/KR101183002B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-15 EP EP09702004A patent/EP2248134B1/de active Active
- 2009-01-15 CA CA2711555A patent/CA2711555C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-16 TW TW098101513A patent/TWI442414B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-06-16 US US12/816,790 patent/US8372289B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009090209A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200941502A (en) | 2009-10-01 |
| KR101183002B1 (ko) | 2012-09-18 |
| TWI442414B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
| US8372289B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
| US20100256435A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| JP2011510281A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
| KR20100120155A (ko) | 2010-11-12 |
| JP5543926B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
| DE102008005336A1 (de) | 2009-07-30 |
| WO2009090209A1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
| ES2367238T3 (es) | 2011-10-31 |
| ATE514168T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
| CA2711555A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| EP2248134B1 (de) | 2011-06-22 |
| CA2711555C (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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