EP2190612B1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum elektromagnetischen rühren von elektrisch leitenden flüssigkeiten - Google Patents

Verfahren und einrichtung zum elektromagnetischen rühren von elektrisch leitenden flüssigkeiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2190612B1
EP2190612B1 EP08801098.8A EP08801098A EP2190612B1 EP 2190612 B1 EP2190612 B1 EP 2190612B1 EP 08801098 A EP08801098 A EP 08801098A EP 2190612 B1 EP2190612 B1 EP 2190612B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
solidification
melt
period
amplitude
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08801098.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2190612A1 (de
Inventor
Petr. A. Nikrityuk
Sven Eckert
Dirk RÄBIGER
Bernd Willers
Kerstin Eckert
Roger Grundmann
Gunter Gerbeth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf eV
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf eV
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Publication of EP2190612A1 publication Critical patent/EP2190612A1/de
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Publication of EP2190612B1 publication Critical patent/EP2190612B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
    • B01F33/451—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers wherein the mixture is directly exposed to an electromagnetic field without use of a stirrer, e.g. for material comprising ferromagnetic particles or for molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/06—Constructional features of mixers for pig-iron
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the electromagnetic stirring of electrically conductive liquids in the liquid state and / or during the solidification of the liquids using a horizontal magnetic field generating a Lorentz force, rotating magnetic field.
  • time-dependent electromagnetic fields open up a possibility for mixing, for example, molten metal melts.
  • the magnetic field amplitude and frequency parameters can be used to directly and accurately control the electromagnetic field in a simple manner.
  • the present invention relates to magnetic, mostly in the horizontal direction rotating traveling fields, also referred to as rotating magnetic fields (English: rotating magnetic fields RMF).
  • a major problem with regard to the use of a rotating magnetic field for electromagnetic stirring is that the majority of the kinetic energy of the melt for the primary azimuthal rotational movement is applied, but which contributes only slightly to the mixing of the melt.
  • An intensification of the mixing process is possible primarily by an enhancement of the secondary meridional flow.
  • An increase in magnetic field strength or magnetic field frequency causes a widening of the secondary flow, ie an increase in the speed values in the axial and radial directions and the generation of additional turbulence, for example the occurrence of Taylor-Görtler-vortexes, as in the documents PA Nikrityuk, K. Eckert, R. Grundmann: Magnetohydrodynamics, 2004, 40, pp.
  • Rotating magnetic fields are already used in metallurgical processes, such as the continuous casting of steel.
  • metallurgical processes such as the continuous casting of steel.
  • DE AS 1 962 341 For this purpose, an arrangement of a polyphase electromagnetic winding for generating a traveling field perpendicular to the casting direction is described on a continuous casting plant.
  • a method for stirring the molten steel in the continuous casting is also in the document US 2003/0106667 described in which two superimposed and counter-rotating magnetic fields are used. While the lower magnetic field takes over the actual function of the stirrer, the task of the upper magnetic field is to decelerate the rotating melt in the area of the free surface to very low velocity values in order to compensate for the negative effects of stirring - a deflection and turbulence of the free surface ,
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for the electromagnetic stirring of electrically conductive liquids, which are designed so that an intense three-dimensional flow inside the liquid for mixing in the liquid state reaches up to the immediate vicinity of solidification fronts and at the same time undisturbed , free surface of the liquid can be ensured.
  • a three-phase current I D is used, which is applied, for example in the form of a three-phase alternating current, to at least three pairs of induction coils placed on a cylindrical container containing the liquid.
  • the container can be filled as electrically conductive liquids metallic or semiconductor melts.
  • a period T P according to condition (I) is chosen to be 0.5 ⁇ t ia ⁇ T PM ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ t ia as long as the melt is still completely liquid, while at the beginning of the state of solidification the period duration T P is increased so that, according to condition (II), it is satisfied that 0.8 ⁇ t ia ⁇ T PE ⁇ 4 ⁇ t ia .
  • the amplitude B 0 of the magnetic field can be readjusted.
  • v is defined as the kinematic viscosity of the melt
  • V sol as the solidification rate
  • H 0 as the height of the melt volume
  • B 1 and B 2 are defined as the lower limits of the magnetic field amplitude B 0 in the course of solidification depending on the parameters v, V sol and H 0 can change.
  • the respective period durations with mixing T PM and at the beginning of solidification T PE , in which the magnetic field is applied, are interrupted by pauses in the pause duration Tpause, in which no magnetic field is applied to the melt, wherein the pause duration T break for each period T P with T Pause ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ T P is set.
  • the container with the electrically conductive liquid which may in particular be a melt, may preferably be arranged concentrically within the induction coils.
  • the container may be provided with a heating device and / or cooling device, which may be in communication with a fixed metal body.
  • the container bottom can be in direct contact with a solid metal body, which is traversed by a cooling medium in the interior.
  • the side walls of the container may be thermally insulated.
  • the heat sink can communicate with a thermostat.
  • Between the heat sink and the container may be a liquid metal film to achieve a stable heat transfer with low contact resistance.
  • the liquid metal film may be made of a gallium alloy.
  • At least one temperature sensor may be positioned, for example in the form of a thermocouple, which provides an information signal about the time of onset of solidification and is connected to the control unit ,
  • the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 can be used for stirring electrically conductive liquids in the form of metallic melts in metallurgical processes or in the form of semiconductor melts in crystal growth, for the purification of molten metals, in continuous casting or in the solidification of metallic materials.
  • the direction of the rotating magnetic field is reversed at quite specific, regular time intervals.
  • the reversal is carried out by means of the control means for shifting the phases of a three-phase alternating current, whereby the direction of rotation of the rotating phases of a three-phase alternating current and thus reverses the direction of rotation of the rotating magnetic field.
  • the parameter t ia represents an adjustment time (English: initial adjustment time), in which, after an abrupt connection of a rotating magnetic field in a melt, which was previously at rest, the double vortex typical of the meridional secondary flow has formed.
  • the characteristic response time t ia is calculated according to a formula from the variables electrical conductivity of the melt, density of the melt and frequency and amplitude of the magnetic field.
  • An associated constant takes into account the influence of size and shape of the melt volume and can take numbers between three and five. This is compared to the prior art, in particular with respect to the document DE 3 730 300 a defined range for the period T P , in which the direction of rotation change is adjustable.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the direction of the rotating magnetic field is reversed at regular time intervals, with the period T P of the change of direction exists an important parameter that can be specified to make the stirring intensive.
  • An essential criterion for the success of the process is the possibility of a targeted control of the secondary flow. Different flow patterns are advantageous for different objectives.
  • the present invention can be used advantageously for the efficient stirring of melts and for the directed solidification of multicomponent melts.
  • the objective in an application of the method in the directional solidification of metallic alloys is that in addition to a thermal homogenization of the melt, the direction of the flow in the immediate vicinity of the solidification front over time should be varied so that a time average for the radial velocity component close to zero results.
  • the present invention shows that the meridional secondary flow rate field is significantly and logically dependent on variations in the parameter T p .
  • T P the proper adjustment of the period T P is crucial in view of the objective of the particular application.
  • T P the strength of the magnetic field, the dimensions and shape of the melt volume and the material properties of the melt must be taken into account.
  • the operation of the method is the example of the device 1 according to the Fig. 1 and the Fig. 2a, 2b explained in more detail.
  • the pairs 31, 32, 33 of the induction coils are connected to a control / regulating unit 12, which transmits a three-phase current I D to the pairs 31, 32, 33 of induction coils via a connected power supply unit 11, the phase position of the pairs 31, 32.33 of the induction coils feeding three-phase current I D at regular time intervals corresponding to the predetermined period T PM for mixing in the liquid state or T PE for mixing from the beginning of solidification is shifted by 180 ° and thus a reversal of the direction of rotation of the magnetic field and the Lorentz force F L driving the flow is reached, the control unit 12 being in communication with the temperature sensor 10 whose temperature data at the time of solidification start trigger the switching over of the period from T PM to T PE .
  • the cylindrical container 13 is filled with the liquid, electrically conductive first melt 2.
  • the container 13 is located centrally symmetrically in the middle of the arrangement 3 of the induction coil pairs 31, 32, 33, as in FIG Fig. 1b is shown.
  • the induction coil pairs 31, 32, 33 are fed by a power supply unit 11 with a three-phase current I D in the form of a three-phase alternating current and generate a magnetic field which rotates about the symmetry axis 14 of the container 13 and is oriented horizontally with the direction of rotation 15 (arrow direction).
  • the temporal change of the magnetic field strength generates a Lorentz force F L with a dominant azimuthal component, which the melt 2 in Fig. 2a or 21 , 22 in Fig. 2b put in a rotary motion.
  • the power supply unit 11 of the induction coil pairs 31, 32, 33 is connected to the control / regulation unit 12, which causes a shift of the phases of the three-phase alternating current I D at predetermined time intervals.
  • the result of the phase shift is that the direction of rotation 15 of the horizontally oriented magnetic field reverses during the phase change in the direction of rotation 16, as in FIG Fig. 1b is shown.
  • the method can be used, for example, for the temperature distribution in a one-component melt 2, as in Fig. 2a is shown to homogenize or to balance the concentration in segregated multicomponent melts 21,22, as in Fig. 2b 3, with the higher density melt 22 being in the lower part of the container 13 before the start of mixing and being covered by the lighter melt 21.
  • the electromagnetic stirring method is based on a periodic reversal of the direction of the Lorentz force F L driving the flow.
  • the character of the flow is determined by a periodic change of the direction of rotation 15-16, 16-15 of the magnetic field B 0 .
  • the flow is slowed down and the melt 2, 21, 22 is accelerated in the opposite direction.
  • the Lorentz force F L varies in the axial direction with the associated force component and has a maximum in the center plane 17 of the container 13.
  • the melt 2, 21, 22 is braked more strongly in the vicinity of the center plane 17 and accelerated in the opposite direction 16 than in the vicinity of the bottom 4 of the container 13 and the free surface 5 is the case.
  • the parameter t ia is the so-called adjustment time (English: initial adjustment time) and denotes the time scale, in which after an abrupt connection of a rotating magnetic field in a melt 2, 21,22, which was previously in the resting state, that for the meridional Secondary flow 18 typical double vortex forms.
  • the variables ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and B 0 denote the electrical conductivity and the density of the melt, the frequency and the amplitude of the magnetic field, while the constant C g describes the influence of size and shape of the melt volume and assume numbers between three and five can.
  • a GaInSn melt 21,22 was measured by means of the ultrasonic Doppler method.
  • the experimental results prove the existence of a certain period T P at which the intensity of the secondary meridional flow 18 reaches a maximum.
  • the position of the maximum U zmax 2 varies with the magnetic field strength and corresponds to the respective adjustment time t ia .
  • liquid lead 22 and liquid tin 21 can each be half in the cylindrical container 13.
  • the lead 22 is significantly heavier and stores before the start of mixing in the lower half of the container 13.
  • the rotating magnetic field B 0 is switched on, the direction of rotation is reversed at regular time intervals.
  • a cooling device 23 for the solidification of metallic melts 2 can be supplemented by a cooling device 23 for the solidification of metallic melts 2.
  • the cooling device 23 contains a metal block 6, in the interior of which cooling channels 7 are present.
  • the container 13 stands on the metal block 6.
  • the cooling channels 7 located in the interior of the metal block 6 are flowed through by a coolant during the solidification process.
  • the melt 2 is removed from the heat down.
  • a thermal insulation 8 of the container 13 prevents heat losses in the radial direction.
  • At the bottom 4 and the side walls 20 of the container 13 is at least one temperature sensor 10, for example mounted in the form of a thermocouple.
  • the temperature measurements allow monitoring of the beginning and the course of the state of solidification and allow a timely adjustment of the magnetic field parameters (eg B 0 and T P ) by the control unit 12 controlled by the power supply unit 11 to the individual stages of the solidification process.
  • Al-Si alloys 21, 22 may be used in the device 1 according to FIG Fig. 1 . 2 B directionally controlled solidify.
  • the structural properties obtained are based on the Fig. 6a, 6b, 6c . 7a, 7b and 8th concerning the formation of columnar dendrites, grain refining and segregation:
  • Fig. 6 shows the macrostructure in longitudinal section of cylindrical blocks of an Al-7wt% Si alloy, for example, with a diameter of 50mm and a height of 60mm, which were directionally solidified under the action of a rotating magnetic field at a field strength B 0 of 6.5mT.
  • the magnetic field was switched on with a time delay of 30 s after the start of solidification on the container bottom.
  • a coarse columnar structure grows parallel to the symmetry axis of the container.
  • a modified columnar structure is first formed, as in Fig. 7a shown, ie the columnar grains are finer and grow tilted to the side.
  • Fig. 8 is a radial distribution of the area fraction of primary crystals in Al-7wt% Si samples (with seven parts by weight Si), which were solidified under magnetic field influence with variation of the pulse duration T p .
  • Fig. 6 to 8 show that in the case of electromagnetic stirring with a change of direction of the magnetic field with switching on the magnetic field, a direct transition to equiaxial grain growth can be achieved.
  • the periodic change of the direction of rotation of the magnetic field leads in each case to a reduction of segregation, which with a suitable choice of the pulse duration T P is also almost completely avoided, as in Fig. 7b can be shown.
  • the application of the invention may be used for the mixing of molten metals 2, 21, 22, for continuous casting, for the directed solidification of mixed metallic alloys and for the directed solidification of semiconductor melts, among others. be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
EP08801098.8A 2007-08-03 2008-08-01 Verfahren und einrichtung zum elektromagnetischen rühren von elektrisch leitenden flüssigkeiten Not-in-force EP2190612B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710037340 DE102007037340B4 (de) 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Rühren von elektrisch leitenden Flüssigkeiten
PCT/DE2008/001260 WO2009018809A1 (de) 2007-08-03 2008-08-01 Verfahren und einrichtung zum elektromagnetischen rühren von elektrisch leitenden flüssigkeiten

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EP2190612A1 EP2190612A1 (de) 2010-06-02
EP2190612B1 true EP2190612B1 (de) 2017-12-20

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US (2) US20110297239A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP2190612B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP5124863B2 (https=)
DE (1) DE102007037340B4 (https=)
WO (1) WO2009018809A1 (https=)

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CN109261939B (zh) * 2017-07-17 2023-11-24 中国科学院大学 一种利用液态金属进行增材制造的装置及方法
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CN109482844A (zh) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-19 江苏大学 复杂精密铸件细晶铸造装置及方法
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CN115647335A (zh) * 2022-10-26 2023-01-31 山东大学 一种多物理场耦合作用的金属凝固装置及方法
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US8944142B2 (en) 2015-02-03
DE102007037340B4 (de) 2010-02-25
DE102007037340A1 (de) 2009-02-19
JP5124863B2 (ja) 2013-01-23
US20110297239A1 (en) 2011-12-08
JP2010535105A (ja) 2010-11-18
US20140290433A1 (en) 2014-10-02
WO2009018809A1 (de) 2009-02-12
EP2190612A1 (de) 2010-06-02

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