EP2157202B1 - Ferrite heat resistant steel - Google Patents
Ferrite heat resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- EP2157202B1 EP2157202B1 EP08764663.4A EP08764663A EP2157202B1 EP 2157202 B1 EP2157202 B1 EP 2157202B1 EP 08764663 A EP08764663 A EP 08764663A EP 2157202 B1 EP2157202 B1 EP 2157202B1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat resistant ferritic steel excellent in the high-temperature strength and weld crack resistance in a weld heat-affected zone, which is used as members for high temperature services, such as thermal power generation boilers.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 For heat resistant ferritic steels, efforts have been made to increase strength in order to cope with severer steam conditions in the future.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a steel strengthened by a fine intermetallic compound phase with the addition of W and Mo.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a steel having improved strength by using the phase of M 23 C 6 -based carbides and intermetallic compounds which precipitate at the martensite lath interface.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a steel whose long-time creep strength of joints is improved by producing Ti-, Zr- and Hf-based nitrides which are stable in spite of weld heat input;
- Patent Document 6 discloses a steel similarly improved by adding W and causing (Nb, Ta) carbo-nitrides to finely precipitate.
- Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8 disclose steels similarly improved by suppressing the formation of Cr carbides and increasing the long-time stability of fine carbo-nitrides, such as V and Nb.
- Patent Document 9 proposes a method that involves suppressing the grain refinement in the HAZ by adding 0.003 to 0.03% of B, thereby improving the creep strength in the HAZ.
- B is known well as an element having such an effect
- B is also known well as an element that increases the susceptibilities of the solidification cracking in a weld metal and also of the liquation cracking in its HAZ.
- the problem is that when the steel is used as thick wall members in main steam pipes for boilers, pressure vessels and the like, this steel does not have sufficient weldability (weld crack resistance).
- EP1304394 (A1 ) discloses a ferritic heat-resisting steel that shows a slight decrease in creep strength at the heat affected zone of the welded joint.
- the steel is characterized by consisting of, by mass %, C: less than 0.05%, Si: not more than 1.0%, Mn: not more than 2.0%, P: not more than 0.030%, S: not more than 0.015%, Cr: 7 - 14 %, V: 0.05 - 0.40 %, Nb: 0.01 - 0.10 %, N: not less than 0.001% but less than 0.050%, sol.
- Al not more than 0.010%
- O (oxygen) not more than 0.010%
- the balance being Fe and impurities, and further characterized in that the density of carbide and carbonitride precipitates contained with a grain diameter of not less than 0.3 ⁇ m is not more than 1 x 10 6 /mm 2 .
- heat resistant ferritic steels have the advantage of small coefficients in thermal expansion in addition to inexpensiveness as described above, it is expected that these steels are used in welded structures in thermal power generation boilers and the like for which efforts are being made toward higher temperature and higher pressure steam conditions.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its objective is to provide a heat resistant ferritic steel which is excellent in the weld crack resistance of the HAZ and is also superior in creep strength.
- the heat resistant ferritic steel in accordance with the present invention. sets a target value of rupture time for the creep strength in the HAZ of not less than three times, and preferably not less than five times that of conventional steels.
- B is an element which is apt to segregate at the grain boundaries and also lowers melting points significantly.
- S and P are elements that are apt to undergo grain-boundary segregation and also lower melting points significantly.
- the liquation cracking in the HAZ is related to the composition of the steel used, and this constitutes a significant restriction in actual use.
- the inventors earnestly examined the requirements in order to be able to prevent the liquation cracking of the HAZ and also to increase the strength of the HAZ.
- C acts as a melting point lowering element and increases the liquation cracking susceptibility in the HAZ by adding to the above-described melting point lowering action of B. For this reason, the inventors considered that it becomes possible to reduce the lowering of a melting point by lowering the C content according to the B content.
- C has an effect on the free energy in the formation of sulfides and phosphides through its interaction with them. That is, at high temperatures, the solubility of sulfides or phosphides of Cr, Nd and the like decreases with increasing C content, and when the C content further increases, the solubility of these sulfides or phosphides has a tendency to increase again. When the solubility of sulfides and phosphides increases, the amounts of S and P increase, which segregate at the grain boundaries due to the thermal effect of welding and the like, and the liquation cracking susceptibility increases.
- the inventors obtained the new knowledge that adding B and lowering content of C results in preventing liquation cracking, and also results in improving more the creep strength in the HAZ, when compared to the case of adding B but not lowered content of C.
- the lowering content of C to a prescribed range decreases the amount of carbides present at the grain boundaries.
- the pinning effect is small even when heating is performed to a temperature between the Ac 1 transformation point and the Ac 3 transformation point, and the austenitic phase forms nuclei at the grain boundaries and, therefore, crystal grains are apt to coarsen readily.
- the grain refinement suppressing effect in the HAZ increases due to the combined effect of the nucleation suppression by the addition of B.
- the degree of strengthening of the creep strength may increase, when compared to the case of adding B but not lowered content of C.
- the lower limit to the C content should be set at 0.005% or more in order to have the strength improving effect.
- the B content be 0.005 to 0.025% and that the condition given by 0.005 ⁇ C ⁇ (-5/3) ⁇ [%B] + 0.085 be satisfied.
- the heat resistant ferritic steel in accordance with the present invention is excellent in the weld crack resistance in the HAZ and has superior creep strength in the HAZ.
- C (carbon) along with B is an important element in the present invention.
- C is an essential element because C forms carbides and contributes to ensuring high-temperature strength, and because C is an element effective in obtaining a martensitic microstructure.
- C segregates at the grain boundaries, C promotes to lower the melting point at the grain boundaries along with the effect of B, S and P and is indirectly responsible for the formation of sulfides and phosphides in the coarse-grained HAZ. Thereby it has an exerting effect on the liquation cracking susceptibility.
- C content is lowered, in the fine-grained HAZ, C has an improved creep strength due to the effects of the promotion of crystal grain coarsening during transformation and the suppression of the growth of fine carbides.
- the lowering of the melting point at the grain boundaries is caused by the C itself, and it is suppressed.
- Stable sulfides and phosphides are formed in the coarse-grained HAZ, whereby liquation cracking is prevented by suppressing the lowering of the melting point which is caused by the grain-boundary segregation of S and P, and at the same time the creep strength of a fine-grained HAZ is improved.
- the B content is defined in a specific range and it is necessary that the C content be in the range of 0.005% or more and ⁇ (-5/3) ⁇ [%B] + 0.085 ⁇ % or less.
- a preferred lower limit of the C content is 0.010%.
- Si more than 0.1% and not more than 1.0%
- Si silicon is added in amounts exceeding 0.1% as a deoxidizer. However, if Si is added excessively, this causes the deterioration of creep ductility and toughness, so the upper limit is 1.0%, preferably 0.8%.
- the Si content is more preferably in the range of more than 0.2% and not more than 0.7%.
- Mn 2.0% or less and 0.01 % or more
- Mn manganese
- Mn content is 2.0% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.8% or less.
- 0.01% or more of Mn is added.
- Co is an austenite former and is an element necessary for the martensitizing of a matrix. To obtain this effect, it is necessary that 1% or more of Co be added. However, if Co is added in an amount exceeding 8%, this causes a remarkable decrease in creep ductility.
- the Co content is preferably in the range of over 2% and 7% or less.
- Cr chromium
- Cr is an element essential for ensuring oxidation resistance and high-temperature corrosion resistance in heat resistant steels and for obtaining a martensitic microstructure of a matrix in a stable manner. To obtain this effect, it is necessary that 7% or more of Cr be added. However, if Cr is added excessively, this lowers the stability of carbides caused by the formation of a large amount of Cr carbides, which results in decreases in creep strength and toughness. For this reason, it is necessary that the Cr content be 13% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably in the range of 8 to 12%, more preferably in the range of 8 to 10%.
- V 0.05 to 0.4%
- V vanadium
- Nb vanadium
- V vanadium
- the V content is preferably in the range of 0.10 to 0.35%.
- Nb niobium
- V niobium
- Nb is an element which, along with V, forms stable fine carbo-nitrides at temperatures up to high levels in the grains and contributes significantly to the improvement of creep strength.
- Nb is added excessively, this results in an increase in the growth rate of carbo-nitrides, which causes an early loss of the dispersion strengthening effect, and also this results in a decrease in toughness. Therefore, it is necessary that the Nb content be 0.09% or less.
- Mo (molybdenum) and W (tungsten) are elements which perform the solid-solution strengthening of a matrix and contribute to the improvement of creep strength. To obtain this effect, it is necessary that either one or both of Mo and W be added in amounts of 0.5% or more as a total. However, if these elements are added excessively in amounts exceeding 4%, this forms coarse intermetallic compounds and results in an extreme decrease in toughness. Also, when W is singly added, it is preferred that the lower limit of the W content be 1%.
- B (boron) along with C is an important element in the present invention.
- B segregates at the grain boundaries in the HAZ and lowers the grain-boundary energy, thereby delaying the nucleation of the austenitic phase and suppressing grain refinement. To obtain this effect sufficiently, it is necessary that at least 0.005% or more of B be added.
- B that segregates at the grain boundaries promotes lowering the melting point of the grain boundaries and causes liquation cracking to occur by adding to the effect of the segregation of S and P. To prevent this, it is necessary that the C content be defined in the above-described range.
- the B content exceeds 0.025%, the HAZ creep strength improving effect becomes saturated and it is impossible to prevent liquation cracking even when the C content is defined in the above-described range. It is preferred that the lower limit of the B content be 0.007% or more. A more preferred range of the B content is from over 0.01% to 0.02% or less.
- N nitrogen
- V and Nb are elements which forms fine carbo-nitrides including V and Nb and is effective in ensuring creep strength. To obtain this effect, it is necessary that 0.003% or more of N be added. However, if N is added excessively, this results in an increase in the precipitation amount of carbo-nitrides and causes embrittlement. For this reason, the upper limit of the N content is 0.06%.
- Al aluminum
- the upper limit of the Al content is 0.03%.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 0.02% or less.
- 0.001% or more of Al be added, although no lower limit is set.
- O oxygen
- Oxgen exists as an impurity. However, if a large amount of O is contained, this forms a large amount of oxides, deteriorating workability and ductility. For this reason, it is necessary that the O content be 0.02% or less.
- P phosphorus
- S and B segregates at the grain boundaries in a coarse-grained HAZ, and this results in liquation cracking by lowering the melting point.
- C, Nb, S and B be defined in prescribed ranges and that the P content be 0.03% or less.
- S sulfur
- C, Nb, S and P be defined in prescribed ranges and that the S content be 0.02% or less.
- Nd (neodymium) has a strong affinity for P and S. Nd forms compounds with S and P at the grain boundaries of a coarse-grained HAZ, thereby suppressing lowering of the melting point by S and P and preventing the liquation cracking of the HAZ. At the same time, Nd is effective in improving the HAZ creep ductility by reducing the grain-boundary embrittlement by S and P during use at high temperatures. Therefore, Nd may be added as required. However, because of a strong affinity for oxygen, if Nd is added excessively, this forms extra oxides and results in a decrease in the toughness of the HAZ. For this reason, the upper limit of the Nd content is 0.08%. A desirable upper limit is 0.06%. Incidentally, to positively obtain the above-described effect of the addition of Nd, it is preferred that 0.005% or more of Nd be added. It is more preferred that 0.015% or more of Nd be added.
- Ta Like V and Nb, Ta (tantalum) forms stable fine carbides at temperatures up to high levels and contributes significantly to the improvement of creep strength. Therefore, Ta may be added as required. However, if Ta is added excessively, this results in an increase in the growth rate of carbides, bringing about early loosing of the dispersion strengthening effect, and also this results in a decrease in toughness. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ta content is 0.08% or less. Incidentally, to obtain the above-described effect of the addition of Ta, it is preferred that 0.005% or more of Ta be added.
- Ca (calcium) is an element which improves the hot workability of steel, and when it is necessary to improve hot workability, Ca can be added. However, if the Ca content exceeds 0.02%, this results in the coarsening of inclusions, thereby contrastively impairing workability and toughness. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ca content is 0.02%. In order to obtain the above-described effect of the addition of Ca, it is preferred that 0.0003% or more of Ca be added. A more preferred range of the Ca content is from 0.001 % to 0.01 %.
- Mg manganese
- Ca manganese
- Mg manganese
- the upper limit of the Mg content is 0.02%.
- a more preferred range of the Ca content is from 0.001% to 0.01 %.
- the sixteen kinds of steels having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted in a vacuum furnace, and were then cast and rolled. Thereafter, the steels were normalized by air cooling after being held for 1 hour at 1150°C and were tempered by air cooling after being held for 1.5 hours at 770°C, whereby the steels were heat treated.
- No. 13 denotes a steel corresponding to SUS410J3TB, which is a conventional steel. This steel was used as a comparative steel related to creep strength.
- Steel plates 12 mm in thickness, 50 mm in width and 300 mm in length and steel plates 10 mm in thickness, 100 to 120 mm in width and 300 to 500 mm in length were fabricated by machining.
- the longitudinal Varestraint test is a method of evaluating the liquation cracking susceptibility of the HAZ which involves, as schematically shown in Figure 1 , performing bead-on-plate welding in the longitudinal direction of a steel plate by using GTA welding, adding a strain due to bending by loading a force F at an end of the steel plate during the welding, thereby forcedly generating cracks in the HAZ, and measuring the total length of the cracks.
- the welding conditions were 200 A ⁇ 15 V ⁇ 10 cm/min.
- the amount of added strain was 4%. Steel plates in which liquation cracking did not occur in the HAZ were accepted.
- test material 10 mm in thickness, 10 mm in width and 100 mm in length was sampled from a 10 mm thick steel plate.
- a HAZ-simulated thermal cycle was given to the test material and the test material was heated to 1000°C, at which a strength decrease in the HAZ is especially remarkable, for 5 seconds.
- the test material was subjected to post-weld heat treatment by air cooling at 740°C for 30 minutes, and creep test specimens were taken. The creep test was performed at a temperature of 650°C and stress of 117.7 MPa.
- Table 2 shows the weld crack length (mm) in the longitudinal Varestraint test and the rupture time (hr) in the creep test.
- Table 2 No. Cracking length in Varestraint test (mm) HAZ-sumulated thermal cycle material Creep rupture time (hr) 1 0.4* - 2 0.7* - 3 0 7327 4 0 6074 5 0 5862 6 0 3822 7 0 1584* 8 0 2211* 9 0 7207 10 0 2536 11 0 6980 12 0 2306* 13 - 829 14 0 4463 (not ruptured) 15 0 4463 (not ruptured) 16 0.6* - * out of scope of the invention
- the creep rupture time of the HAZ did not satisfy the target value.
- the creep rupture time of the HAZ did not satisfy the target value although the C content satisfies Expression (1).
- the creep rupture time of the HAZ was still lower than that of the material of No. 8.
- the heat resistant ferritic steel in accordance with the present invention, provides heat resistant ferritic steels, excellent in the weld crack resistance and creep strength of the HAZ, the heat resistant ferritic steel can be used in welded structures in thermal power generation boilers in which efforts are being made toward higher temperature and higher pressure steam conditions.
- Figure 1 shows a longitudinal Varestraint test method.
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JP2007148063 | 2007-06-04 | ||
JP2008035788 | 2008-02-18 | ||
PCT/JP2008/059630 WO2008149703A1 (ja) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-26 | フェライト系耐熱鋼 |
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EP (1) | EP2157202B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5206676B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090130334A (ja) |
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ES2608460T3 (es) * | 2011-12-27 | 2017-04-11 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Acero inoxidable ferrítico |
US9303295B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-04-05 | Terrapower, Llc | Iron-based composition for fuel element |
CN103525984A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-22 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | 一种耐热钢的热处理方法 |
CN104451453A (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | 一种风力发电风叶用耐磨合金钢材料 |
JP6575392B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-19 | 2019-09-18 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
ES2828466T3 (es) | 2015-12-18 | 2021-05-26 | Nippon Steel Corp | Material de soldadura para acero ferrítico resistente al calor, junta de soldadura para acero ferrítico resistente al calor y método para producir junta de soldadura para acero ferrítico resistente al calor |
EP3480331A4 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-01-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | FERRITIC HEAT-RESISTANT STEEL AND FERRITIC HEAT TRANSFER PART |
CN108950148B (zh) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-07-21 | 钢铁研究总院 | 提高g115钢大口径厚壁管径向组织和性能均匀性方法 |
US11834731B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2023-12-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of producing ferritic heat-resistant steel welded joint |
KR20240064053A (ko) * | 2019-03-19 | 2024-05-10 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 페라이트계 내열강 |
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JPH0735548B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-19 | 1995-04-19 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高クリープ破断強度を有する高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼管の製造方法 |
JPH05311346A (ja) * | 1992-05-14 | 1993-11-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高クリープ強度を有するフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JPH08294793A (ja) * | 1995-03-01 | 1996-11-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶接施工性に優れた高強度、高耐食フェライト鋼用溶接材料 |
JP3196587B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-05 | 2001-08-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JP3096959B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-10 | 2000-10-10 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高温強度に優れた低Mn低Crフェライト耐熱鋼 |
JP3358951B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-10 | 2002-12-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高強度・高靱性耐熱鋳鋼 |
JP3245097B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-08 | 2002-01-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高温用蒸気タービンロータ材 |
JP4212132B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-22 | 2009-01-21 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | マルテンサイト組織を有するフェライト系耐熱鋼とその製造方法 |
JP3982069B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-08 | 2007-09-26 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JP2000248337A (ja) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-12 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | ボイラ用高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼の耐水蒸気酸化特性改善方法および耐水蒸気酸化特性に優れたボイラ用高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JP3518515B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-04-12 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 低・中Cr系耐熱鋼 |
JP2002004008A (ja) * | 2000-06-14 | 2002-01-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JP4502239B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-15 | 2010-07-14 | バブコック日立株式会社 | フェライト系耐熱鋼 |
JP2002235154A (ja) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼材 |
JP4836063B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-19 | 2011-12-14 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | フェライト系耐熱鋼とその製造方法 |
JP4023106B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-09 | 2007-12-19 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 溶接熱影響部軟化の小さいフェライト系耐熱鋼 |
US7520942B2 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2009-04-21 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Nano-scale nitride-particle-strengthened high-temperature wrought ferritic and martensitic steels |
EP1988182A4 (en) * | 2006-02-06 | 2013-10-16 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | FERRITIC HEAT-RESISTANT STEEL |
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2008
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- 2008-05-26 WO PCT/JP2008/059630 patent/WO2008149703A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-05-26 CN CN2008800189800A patent/CN101680065B/zh active Active
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JP5206676B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 |
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WO2008149703A1 (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
CN101680065B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
US20100086430A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
EP2157202A4 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
CN101680065A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
EP2157202A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
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