Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B15/00—Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives
  • G08B15/02—Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives with smoke, gas, or coloured or odorous powder or liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
  • B64D45/0015—Devices specially adapted for the protection against criminal attack, e.g. anti-hijacking systems
  • B64D45/0036—Devices specially adapted for the protection against criminal attack, e.g. anti-hijacking systems by disabling or restraining attackers
  • B64D45/0042—Devices specially adapted for the protection against criminal attack, e.g. anti-hijacking systems by disabling or restraining attackers by spraying or injecting chemicals

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for metered release of irritants by means of a propellant and / or solution gas by Reizstoffsprühanlagen or irritant mist systems when used in rooms for a non-violent personal defense.
• Irritants are substances which, in certain dosages, exert an irritation on humans or animals without causing permanent damage to their health.
• the irritant effect is dependent on the acting concentration and type of irritant.
• the dosage of the substances is decisive for whether an injurious effect or a lethal effect occurs.
• the dosage control of the present invention relates to irritants that act primarily via the skin, particularly the mucosa and the respiratory tract, without being limited to this type of irritant.
• irritants in question are synthetic (for example CS) or naturally occurring substances (for example OC) or a combination of synthetic substances and natural substances.
• Irritants are used for personal defense as non-lethal agents, for example in burglary protection for enclosed spaces.
• an irritant is expelled with a propellant and / or solution gas for finest distribution in the room air.
• irritant spraying systems are also known, which mechanically atomise by means of pumps or gas charge (propellant gas) through nozzles.
• gas charge propellant gas
• EP 0 425 300 B1 describes a metering and dispensing system for spraying an active ingredient (insecticide).
• the propellant preferably carbon dioxide
• This system is not suitable for spraying an irritant.
• DE 10 2006 016 286 A1 discloses a method and a device with which solid or liquid irritants or warfare agents are finely distributed via a line system in large indoor or outdoor areas, for the purpose of repelling persons.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the metered release of irritants by means of a propellant and / or solution in rooms for personal defense in automatic or semi-automatic release systems in compliance with health limits, with which the highest efficacy of the irritant to the exclusion of Damage to health and a predetermined concentration of irritants in the room air over a longer period of time are maintained.
• Irritants in humans have a sensory, i. sensitive nerve endings in the skin and mucous membrane, especially of the eye and the respiratory tract.
• the consequences are, depending on the applied concentration, tears and nasal flow, difficulty in breathing, even respiratory arrest, skin irritation, skin burns and the like.
• the starting point of the invention is therefore that a health damage in the release of irritants in rooms can only be avoided if the amount of irritant doses below the harmless, non-permanent damage causing amount is released in relation to the volume of space.
• the health limit which depends on the type of irritant used, is expressed in mg per m 3 of room air. It corresponds to the amount of irritant concentration at which a healthy person can spend 30 minutes without permanent damage. This limit value must be observed to avoid damage to health.
• the present invention is based on the recognition that it is necessary in the release of irritants in the civil application area of the object protection to provide a dosage in the (first) release, so that a health-threatening excess concentration of the irritants is excluded.
• the inventor has further recognized that it is necessary to maintain an optimal concentration level of irritants in a room over an extended period of time, such as loss of air, such as airborne room air, precipitation of irritants, and hydration of irritants, after a released volume volume first - equalize dosage.
• irritants must be released again when the concentration falls below a specified concentration until the maximum permissible concentration value of irritant in the ambient air has been reached again.
• the mass, plant and environmental concentration losses are therefore provided to a dosing controller to maintain a certain level of irritant concentration beyond the initial release period by controlling the dosing device.
• the invention therefore provides a method and a device for a dosing control for compliance with health limits in releasing an irritant in rooms for personal defense, in which the irritant contained in a propellant and / or solution gas by means of a release device or is discharged directly from a pressurized reservoir via a conduit system and at least one valve-controlled outlet opening.
• the irritant is released by parameter-dependent influencing factors, which may be due to material and plant as well as environmental, over a first time interval for initial enrichment, the length of the time interval by a maximum allowable value, which excludes a harmful effect is determined.
• a subsequent dosing is carried out over one or more time intervals in order to compensate for material, plant and environmental losses, the majority of the influencing factors being predetermined and / or calculable, and preferably only the temperature (and possibly also the air movement). is measured as variable, the pressure of the propellant gas determining size for the dosing control.
• a prerequisite for this is also a uniform finest distribution of the irritant in the room and a safe and unobstructed operation of the irritant sensors.
• the material and environmental losses are determined, for example, by the following influencing factors:
• Propellant gas characterized by the specific temperature pressure (whereby the propellant gas can also fulfill the solution gas function), Admixing, emulsion, solution concentration of propellant solvent irritant in mg irritant per volume or solution percent,
• Quantity / time for example from neighboring or outdoor areas, by air conditioning systems, garage ventilation slots, etc ..
• the system-dependent influencing factor "flow rate per time" at the outlet opening is incorporated as a fixed variable in the calculation of the initial enrichment and the subsequent metering and, if necessary, the passage can also be changed and controlled.
• the control of the influencing factors is influenced by the method and the devices operating according to the method in such a way that, in the event of personal protection by means of irritant release systems, a health-safe limit value of the irritant concentration in the ambient air is not exceeded during release. At the same time maintaining an effective concentration close to the safe level for a minimum of 20 minutes is ensured so that effective personal defense is possible without harming the person.
• IDLH immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
• OSHA United States Department of Labor Safety Agency
• N 10SH Occupational Safety and Health Institute
• the post-dose amount is adjusted to regain the first release concentration. For safety reasons, it makes sense to fall below the maximum permissible value. In the release of CS-irritant good defensive properties were found even at lower than the maximum allowable concentrations.
• a concentration of less than 2 mg / m 3 should be released and kept for a period of at least 20 minutes.
• Commercially available irritant spray bottles comply with their content only very rarely the required and permissible amount for a given volume of space.
• the control for metering the enrichment of the room air with irritant preferably takes place via a time control of an irritant outlet valve.
• the irritant solution concentration and irritant solution quantity may be specified or blended by the supplier of commercially available irritant containers.
• the propellant and / or solution gas and under certain circumstances the solvents and / or emulsifiers used, in its (their) chemical compositions and physical properties are known.
• the temperature and pressure of the propellant gas and the size of the lines, valves and nozzles are known with their flow rates, measured or calculable.
• the opening time of the irritant release valve is limited to the release amount corresponding to the volume of space below the safe level of health.
• the particular influencing factors such as irritant precipitation, ventilation loss, e.g. to act through leakage of the spaces and hydrolyzation of the irritant. If this is not opposed, the liberated irritant concentration is reduced depending on their exposure time to inactivity.
• Supplemental release is the release of a precise amount of irritant that compensates for the loss of irritant that has occurred in the period from the initial release to the supplemental release. It serves to achieve the irritant concentration of the first release in the room air, so as to achieve the defense effect in the same strength of the first release again.
• Supplemental release releases the supplemental amount which, after a certain period of concentration retention time, is counterbalanced by irritant precipitation, air circulation loss and irritant hydrolyzation to regain the initial release concentration.
• the precipitation loss of irritant in a unit of time is known as the physical quantity, for example, it is 33% of the release amount in CS, 0.275% per minute within 2 hours.
• the ventilation loss is to be determined or estimated building physics. It is included in the calculation of the re-dosing quantity with a loss (mg / m 3 ) per unit time in the re-dosing amount.
• the time unit is the time that has elapsed between the first dosing until the time of dosing.
• the hydrolyzation of irritant which has some types of irritants, flows into the post-dose with its half-life, z. B. of 14 minutes at CS, based on the post-dose, a.
• the period between the first release and the subsequent dosing is the blocking time in which the timer is disabled for tripping. It begins after the release of the initial release and ends at the time of the subsequent dosing, at which the release of the additional dosage begins.
• the re-dosing time is reached when the influencing factors have reduced the irritant concentration to such an extent that the lower limit of the desired efficacy and the associated concentration has been reached.
• the post-dosing time is therefore the time in which the irritant release valve is open for the subsequent dosing. It remains open for as long as necessary to release the replenishment amount. If the propellant gas containers are in the case of admixing systems or the containers are filled with propellant gas solvent and irritants in rooms with temperature fluctuations, the discharge quantity changes with respect to the unit of time as a result of the propellant gas pressure change.
• This pressure-induced change in discharge can be determined in terms of propellant gas or solution gas in so-called pressure-temperature diagrams known for the gas types.
• Another possibility is to compensate for the change in temperature and the associated pressure change and change in output by inserting a bimetal or liquid thermostats in the conduit system or in the outlet opening to thermodynamically change them.
• the liquid thermostat or the bimetallic element automatically narrows the maximum cross section, which is necessary for the necessary release at the lowest temperature.
• the irritant passage is narrowed at temperature and pressure increase so that the increased flow rate is compensated by the pressure increase. It should be determined constructively that the maximum opening cross section of the thermostat is smaller than the opening cross section of the opening valve or the outlet opening.
• Another advantageous solution e.g. is suitable for mobile irritant / irritant gas release systems, is the control of the amount of irritant / irritant gas delivered by an irritant sensor.
• one or more irritant sensors will provide their correction signal to the control unit when the desired level or limit or health limit in the irritant air is reached.
• the above-mentioned conventional irritant spray systems and irritant mist systems do not take into account the size of the space in the release, i. there is a mere and thus arbitrary release of irritants.
• a release of irritants which does not take into account the volume of space, on the one hand there is the risk of exceeding the limit values with the consequence of damage to health and, on the other hand, the risk of the desired concentration being undershot, with the result that the system is ineffective.
• the conventional systems are therefore generally not suitable for personal defense in rooms.
• the influencing factors influencing the concentration of an irritant in a room remain unaffected by the factors of substance, plant and environment.
• the inventive method and the device according to the invention therefore differ from the conventional systems by the provision of a Dosage at the first release as well as by subsequent dosing - in contrast to a mere single release of irritants with the problems described above.
• Fig. 1 shows the basic operation of the dosing control system with processor and thermosensor
• Fig. 2 shows the operation of the controller with processor and thermostat.
• CS-irritant as a non-lethal non-injurious agent (Non Lethal Weapons) for the defense of persons within rooms 1
• CS-irritant only a metered amount of CS-irritant may be released, which excludes a health damage.
• the limit value at which a person can be exposed to the effects of CS without damage to health for 30 minutes is, for example according to the IDLH value, a concentration of 2 mg / m 3 CS-irritant in the room air.
• IDLH value a concentration of 2 mg / m 3 CS-irritant in the room air.
• the CS irritant concentration must be near the limit and maintained. This is counteracted by the hydrolysis of CS with the air moisture, which leads to the defensive substances o-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile. The half-life is approx. 14 minutes.
• the release quantities change according to the temperature changes of the gases and the resulting pressure changes of the gases.
• the discharge amount of the added CS-irritant also changes within the same release period.
• the spray device 2 consists of a reservoir 3, which consists of a compressed gas cylinder or a reservoir in a distribution system, in which the irritants of one or more outlet nozzles 5 is supplied via a valve 4.
• the valve 4 for example a solenoid valve, is controllable. But it is also possible to control the flow rate and / or the opening of the outlet nozzle 5.
• a control unit 7 is activated via a switch-on signal 12, which then controls the valve 4 as a function of fixed variables S F and variable variables S v .
• the control takes place exclusively over the time t, in which the valve 4 opens and closes.
• a first time interval T E for the first release of the room 1 is enriched with a predetermined defense dose.
• the dose drops and must be replenished after a certain time t at one or more time intervals T N.
• the influencing factors are caused by material and plant as well as by environmental influences.
• Substance and plant-related factors are, for example: - type of irritant
• the influencing factors are divided into fixed presettable control variables S F and variable control variables S v that can be changed during operation.
• variable variables S v include the temperature and the air movement, it being sufficient to measure only the temperature via a thermal sensor 8, which then enters as a correction signal 13 in the control unit 7.
• the possible air movement can be calculated from a constructional point of view and taken into account as a fixed size for the respective installation.
• this air exchange can also be considered as a control variable S v for the control unit 7 (eg, a current flows through the fan or not).
• the control variables S F , S V are detected and evaluated by a computer 9.
• the computer 9 determines the necessary times T for the initial metering T E and the additional metering T N , and a timer 10 controls the valve 4.
• the dosing control is supplied with the necessary energy.
• thermosensor 8 instead of the thermosensor 8, a thermostat 12 was inserted into the piping system of the spray unit 2, which increases or decreases the flow rate due to the temperature-induced pressure change.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Ventilation (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Nozzles (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-03 DE DE102007021267A patent/DE102007021267B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-04-30 WO PCT/EP2008/003529 patent/WO2008135228A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2008-04-30 US US12/598,463 patent/US20100127410A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-04-30 EP EP08749276A patent/EP2153426A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-04-30 CN CN200880014386.4A patent/CN101681546B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-04-30 RU RU2009144793/08A patent/RU2009144793A/ru unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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