Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D88/00—Large containers
  • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
  • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
  • B65D88/128—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport tank containers, i.e. containers provided with supporting devices for handling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
  • B65D90/02—Wall construction
  • B65D90/022—Laminated structures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
  • B65D90/02—Wall construction
  • B65D90/04—Linings
  • B65D90/041—Rigid liners fixed to the container
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
  • B65D90/10—Manholes; Inspection openings; Covers therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
  • B65D90/52—Anti-slosh devices

Definitions

• the present disclosure is directed, in general, to the field of bulk cargo transport tanks or containers. Specifically, the disclosure is directed to bulk transport containers for liquids and, more specifically, to thermopiastic containers having a substantially frustopyramidal discharge end. Also provided herein are a method and mechanism for inserting and extracting such a thermoplastic container from a transport container ⁇ such as a tractor trailer), such mechanism including a fluid-filled cylinder cooperatively attached, at one end, to a manlid on the thermoplastic container and, on the other end, to the interior of the transport container.
• a variety of procedures and systems are used to transport liquids in bulk quantities. For instance, vehicles designed specifically for liquid transport are available in motor, sea, and rail transport forms. Because vehicles designed exclusively for liquid cargo cannot usually be used for other types of cargo, the ability to effectively employ these vehicles is often limited.
• a liquid cargo vehicle may be used to transport a first type of liquid cargo to a first destination and then may be used to "backhaul" a second type of liquid cargo from the first destination to the point of origin. While such a preferred situation optimizes the utility of the liquid cargo container, many logistical considerations must be overcome to be practical on a large scale. Thus, for the most part, the productivity of many conventional liquid transport vehicles is reduced.
• baffles While useful for some types of cargo, this method is undesirable for food or other products that may be susceptible to contamination or spoiling. Additionally, since the cargo is unrestrained in the liner-generai purpose vehicle, any movement of the vehicle may cause a surging weight shift that can destabilize the vehicle. Baffles have been used to reduce the surging problem in this type of container, but the baffles increase the cost of the liner. Baffles also increase transport surface area exposed to the cargo, which increases the possibility of contamination. Moreover, baffles ultimately have a relatively limited effect on surging due to the high mass of most liquid cargos.
• Flexitank or pillow containers have been developed that are sealed to prevent exposure to ambient air. These flexitank containers typically have air pockets that allow surging when the vehicle is in motion. However, bulkheads are often required to hold the ends of the bags in place when vehicle doors are opened. These bulkheads are typically expensive and time consuming to install. In addition, approval from government agencies (such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) often is required to use flexitanks. Moreover, when transporting food stuffs or other consumable items, fiexitanks often require inner liners, which add to their cost.
• a dry box shipping container 703 when attempting to convert and utilize a conventional transport system 701 to carry a liquid cargo, a dry box shipping container 703 usually must be lined with plastic or cardboard 705 prior to the installation of the flexitank 707 in order to prevent punctures and leakage of the flexitank 707. If the flexitank 707 is punctured, or if a seal breaks, an entire cargo can be lost due to drainage,
• the flexitank 707 when fuily filled can place extreme stresses on the walls of the dry box shipping container 703, which can cause the walls and doors to bow out during transport. This is extremely prevalent during rail voyages where rail cars are shunted. Total losses of such dry box shipping containers are not uncommon, with claims and damages ultimately being incurred by the shippers and costs passed on to consumers.
• drums for liquid cargo shipment.
• the drums themselves are expensive, and filling, loading, and unloading each drum are expensive, labor-consuming activities.
• the drums are loaded onto the vehicle, they must be restrained, or else movement of the vehicle may cause the drums to be damaged or overturned in transit.
• the cost of using drums is increased further due to the need to provide pallets on which to secure the drums during transit. More specifically, the cost of the pallets and fumigation become part of the cost of the cargo. Also, the space taken by the pallets during the trip reduces the amount of usable cargo space.
• the drums themselves must be disposed of or returned at the end of each transit.
• the present disclosure is directed, in general, to bulk cargo transport tanks or containers.
• the components of the containers are simple to manufacture, install, and use.
• the bulk cargo transport containers described herein may be formed of a rigid material in a variety of shapes; e.g., cylindrical, semi-cylindrical or arcuate, rectangular, or otherwise, as required by the industry.
• the containers may be constructed using a single layer or co-extruded layers of material and may be employed for transportation of a wide variety of materials, including foodstuffs, chemicals, and industrial liquids.
• the present containers meet and exceed FDA and EC food grade certifications and are Kosher certified.
• the stability of the bulk liquid transport containers may be enhanced by incorporating varying thicknesses of the rigid material. Additionally, or alternately, the containers may be stabilized by molding a convex upper surface and/or reinforcing members on or into the containers to increase strength and to reduce surging of liquid cargo, as may occur, for instance, when the container is being transported.
• the containers may be filled by pressure, venting air from a vent located on a top surface of the container.
• a bottom surface of the container may be rectangular, square, or oblong to allow for maximum payload.
• the containers may be manufactured with a slight incline towards a discharge end to facilitate complete discharge of the product. Vent, fill, and discharge connections may be located at a rear area, such as a rear door area of an outer dry box container, for easy access and worker safety.
• the containers may further include man ⁇ d clean out ports for accessing and cleaning the interiors of the containers after cargo shipment.
• a transport tank system includes a vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermopiastic tank defining an aperture therethrough and having a discharge end and an opposing end, the discharge and opposing ends disposed opposite each other to define a first major axis of the thermoplastic tank, a first minor axis defined between the discharge and opposing ends substantially perpendicular to the first major axis, the thermoplastic tank being rigidly configured for holding a consumable cargo received through the aperture; and a transport container having a second major axis and a second minor axis, the thermoplastic tank being disposed in the transport container, the second major and minor axes being respectively complementary to the first major and minor axes of the thermoplastic tank, the tank being further configured for discharge of the consumable cargo.
• the vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermoplastic tank may be substantially cylindrical in shape.
• the vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermoplastic tank may include at least one arcuate surface.
• the vacuum-formed, or rotationaliy molded, thermoplastic tank may include a material resistant to passage of oxygen.
• the material may include an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin. Further, the material may be disposed on an internal surface of the vacuum- formed thermoplastic tank, the internal surface being in contact with the consumable cargo.
• the first major axis is longer than the first minor axis of the vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermoplastic tank.
• the opposing end may be disposed above the discharge end to define an incline, the incline being configured to facilitate emptying of the consumable cargo from the vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermoplastic tank.
• the aperture may be a fill connection device.
• the transport container may be a dry box shipping container, the vacuum-formed, or rotationally molded, thermoplastic tank being configured to convert the dry box shipping container into a bulk liquid shipping container.
• the transport container may include a plurality of interior surfaces defining an interior space therein, the vacuum-formed, or rotationaily molded, thermoplastic tank being configured to mate against the interior surfaces to occupy the interior space such that the thermoplastic tank is immobilized in the transport container.
• a vent may be attached to the thermoplastic tank, the vent being in communication with an internal surface of the thermoplastic tank and being configured to vent air from the thermoplastic tank for filling the thermoplastic tank.
• an inflatable device may be disposed on the internal surface, the inflatable device being configured for inflation to fill the void, or empty space, remaining in the tank after the tank's contents have been added.
• the inflatable device which may be made of a polyethylene material, is further configured for deflation after the air has been vented from the thermoplastic tank.
• a discharge connection may be attached to the thermoplastic tank, the discharge connection being in communication with an internal surface of the thermoplastic tank, the discharge connection being configured to empty the consumable cargo from the thermoplastic tank.
• a port may be attached to the thermoplastic tank, the port being in communication with an internal surface of the thermoplastic tank for cleaning the thermoplastic tank.
• a pallet assembly may be formed integrally with the thermoplastic tank.
• a barrier wrapper may be disposed about the thermoplastic tank.
• a method of forming a transport tank system includes providing a thermoplastic material; heating the thermoplastic materia! until the thermoplastic material is malleable; placing the heated thermoplastic material into a tank moid; forming the heated thermoplastic material into a shape complementary to the tank mold; and cooling the shape into a thermoplastic tank for consumable products.
• thermoplastic material may be a sheet of thermoplastic material, may be a plurality of thermoplastic pellets, or may be a combination thereof.
• thermoplastic tank may include a material resistant to passage of oxygen.
• the material may include an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin.
• tank moid may include a plurality of depressions defined therein, the depressions forming a plurality of reinforcing members that project from the outer surface of the thermoplastic tank.
• the tank mold may include a plurality of depressions defined therein, the depressions forming a plurality of steps or handholds that project from a surface of the thermoplastic tank.
• the tank mold may include a plurality of projections defined therein, the projections forming a pallet assembly integral to the thermoplastic tank, the pallet assembly having a plurality of openings therein for receipt of respective tines of a forklift for moving the thermoplastic tank.
• the tank mold may be configured to form an incline to facilitate unloading the consumable product.
• the method may include attaching one of a vent, a connection, or a hatch to the vacuum-formed thermoplastic tank.
• the method may include providing a heating device for maintaining a predetermined temperature of the consumable product.
• the method may include inserting a bladder in the thermoplastic tank, the bladder being configured for inflation to fill the void, or empty space, remaining in the tank after the tank's contents have been added.
• a transport tank system may include an arcuate-shaped thermoplastic tank defining an aperture therethrough and having a discharge end and an opposing end, the discharge and opposing ends disposed opposite each other to define a first major axis of the thermoplastic tank, a first minor axis defined between the discharge and opposing ends substantially perpendicular to the first major axis, the thermoplastic tank being rigidly configured for holding a consumable cargo and including a material resistant to passage of oxygen to preserve the consumable cargo.
• the consumable cargo may be loaded through the aperture or through a fiil-discharge connection.
• thermoplastic tank may be a vacuum-formed thermoplastic tank.
• thermoplastic tank may be a rotationally molded thermoplastic tank.
• the materia! may include an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin.
• thermoplastic tank may include a plurality of reinforcing members configured to increase a rigidity of the thermoplastic tank, the thermoplastic tank being configured for stand-alone storage of the consumable cargo or for shipping the consumable cargo.
• thermoplastic tank may include a component selected from the group consisting of an air vent, a hatch, a handhold, a filling-discharge connection, and a heating device.
• This aspect may include a metal transport container, the thermoplastic tank being disposed in the transport container.
• a method of storing a transport tank system when empty, includes providing at least two polymeric tanks; and stacking one of the polymeric tanks on the other polymeric tank.
• the method may also include vacuum-forming, or rotationally molding, the polymeric tanks.
• the method may also include forming a respective stacking element and an opposing depression on each of the polymeric tanks, the respective stacking elements and depressions being configured to mate with each other to stack one of the polymeric tanks on the other polymeric tank.
• the method may also include storing the bulk consumable cargo in the polymeric tanks.
• the method may also include placing the polymeric tanks in a shipping container.
• thermoplastic container which is rigidly configured for holding a consumable cargo.
• the thermoplastic tank further is defined as having a discharge end, an opposing end opposite the discharge end, and an upper surface defining a manhole therethrough.
• the thermoplastic tank includes a first major axis being oriented longitudinally between the discharge end and the opposing end and a first minor axis being oriented transverse to the first major axis and being disposed between the discharge end and the opposing end.
• the discharge end is substantially frustopyramidally shaped, having a planar base that is proximal to the opposing end, a terminal planar surface that is distal to the opposing end, and a discharge connection proximate to and extending from the base.
• a first semi-circular, or half-moon, panel and a corresponding semi-circular second pane! Within the discharge end are located a first semi-circular, or half-moon, panel and a corresponding semi-circular second pane!, the first panel being recessed from the terminal planar surface and the second panel being coincident with and forming the terminal planar surface.
• thermoplastic tank includes a plurality of reinforcing members that are integral to the tank.
• the first semi-circular panel is larger than the second semicircular panel, the first being located on the same side of the thermoplastic tank as the discharge connection.
• a discharge connection provided in this aspect is located proximate the discharge end of the thermoplastic tank.
• the discharge connection extends from the discharge end toward the terminal planar surface and terminates at a plane between the base and the terminal surface of the discharge end.
• the manhole of the thermoplastic tank is reinforced by a plurality of reinforcing members.
• thermoplastic tank includes a manlid configured for mating with the manhole, or aperture.
• a bulk transport system which includes a thermoplastic tank, a transport container, and a fluid-filled cylinder.
• the thermoplastic tank includes an aperture, or manhole, on the upper surface of the thermoplastic tank.
• a first end of the fluid-filled cylinder is attached to a perimeter of the manhole, and an opposite end of the fluid-f ⁇ led cylinder is attached to the ceiling of the transport container, such that movement of the thermoplastic tank into and out of the transport container is facilitated.
• the fluid-filled cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder.
• the fluid-filled cylinder is a pneumatic cylinder.
• a method of moving a thermoplastic tank into and out of a transport container includes the steps of (a) providing a thermoplastic tank, according to the teachings herein, the thermoplastic tank having an aperture defined through an upper surface thereof; (b) providing a transport container, capable of housing the thermoplastic tank and having walls, a floor, and a ceiling; and (c) providing a fluid-operated cylinder, attaching a first end of the cylinder to a perimeter of the aperture and attaching an opposite end of the cylinder to the ceiling of the transport container, such that retraction of the cylinder piston causes the thermoplastic tank to move into the transport container and extension of the cylinder piston causes the thermopiastic tank to move out of the transport container.
• Yet another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of cleaning the interior surfaces of a thermoplastic tank.
• the method inciudes the steps of inserting at least one revolving sprayhead through the manhole; activating the sprayhead to spray liquid at the interior surfaces of the tank; and draining the liquid through the discharge connection.
• the cleaning liquid may be selected based on the last- carried contents of the thermoplastic tank. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid may be one of water, hot water, diesel fuel, caustic, solvents, detergents, chemical strippers, and appropriate combinations thereof. Also, in this aspect, the thermoplastic tank is a rotationally molded tank having exceptionally smooth interior surfaces.
• the thermoplastic tank may include a plurality of reinforcing members that extend inwardly into the interior surfaces of the thermoplastic tank.
• the reinforcing members may have a multi-faceted geometry to promote discharge and cleaning.
• FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a transport system particularly showing a container in a dry box (in phantom) according to an aspect of the disclosure;
• FIGURE 2 is a partially cutaway, perspective view of a container according to another aspect of the disclosure particularly showing various materials that may be used to manufacture the container;
• FIGURE 3 is a front, elevational view of a container system according to a further aspect of the disclosure.
• FIGURE 4 is a partially cutaway, side elevational view of the container system as in FIGURE 3;
• FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a container according to an additional aspect of the disclosure;
• FIGURE 6 is a schematic view of an exemplary manufacturing process iine for a container according to yet another aspect of the disciosure
• FIGURE 7 A is an isometric view of a container according to yet another aspect of the disclosure.
• FIGURE 7B is a side view of the container of FIGURE 7A;
• FIGURE 7C is a close-up side view of the discharge end of the container of FIGURE 7A;
• FIGURE 7D is a plan view of the bottom surface of the container of FIGURE 7A;
• FIGURE 7E is a plan view of the discharge end of the container of FIGURE 7 A;
• FIGURE 8 is a side perspective view of a manlid, suitable for use with the container of FIGURE 7A;
• FIGURE 9 is an isometric view of the maniid of FIGURE 8 to which has been attached a fluid-filled cylinder;
• FIGURE 10A is a cross-sectional view of a transport system, according to another aspect of the disclosure, particularly showing the container of FIGURE 7A in a retracted position within a tractor trailer or other shipping container;
• FIGURE 1OB is a cross-sectional view of the transport system of FIGURE 10A, showing the container of FIGURE 7A being extended from the tractor trailer or other shipping container;
• FIGURE 11 is partially cutaway, perspective view of a conventional shipping system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
• the figures generally show bulk cargo shipping systems, which generally include a molded (e.g., thermo-formed or vacuum-formed or rotationaliy molded) container (also referred to herein as a tank or "bottle").
• the bulk cargo shipping systems may also include external dry boxes in which the container may fit with minimal clearance to maximize shipping space and to immobilize the container during shipment.
• a transport container system is designated in general by the element number 10 and may include a container 12 that may be used for transporting or storing liquid, powder or other bulk product or cargo ⁇ see, e.g., liquid cargo 105, FiGURE 2).
• the container 12 itself may be inserted and transported in a conventional stainless steel trailer or dry box 14 (depicted in phantom for clarity).
• the container 12 includes an upper surface or layer 16, which may be flat, convex, or arcuate (as illustrated), and may further include an opposing bottom surface 18 that may be rectangular or square.
• a discharge end 20 and an opposing end 22 define an incline 24 depicted by angle ⁇ , which slants or slopes upward from the discharge end 20 to the opposing end 22 to facilitate gravitational product discharge.
• angle ⁇ of the incline 24 is about 50 degrees as measured from the discharge end 20 to the opposing end 22 relative to horizontal.
• the angle ⁇ may be more or less than 50 degrees as required. For instance, an increased angle ⁇ may facilitate more rapid product discharge.
• the container 12 may be equipped with pressure discharge capability of about 0.25 BAR (3.675 PSI) to further facilitate discharge of thick, viscous products by forcing the product out the discharge valve.
• a discharge connection 32 may include this pressure discharge capability.
• the discharge connection 32 may be capable of pressure discharge more or less than 0.25 BAR as required.
• FIGURE 1 further shows that the container 12 may include a hatch or manlid 26, which can be used for personnel to access an interior of the container 12.
• a sufficiently large hatch 26 may be desirable to inspect the interior or to install various devices, e.g., thermometers, viscosity sensors, etc. (not shown) for cargo monitoring purposes.
• a suitable manlid that may be used as the hatch 26 is disclosed by Podd in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-0193649, filed February 17, 2006, which is incorporated by reference thereto.
• a fill connection 28 is provided for attaching a hose or line for filling the container 12 with liquid or powered cargo.
• a vent connection 30 is located at or near the upper surface 16 at or near the discharge end 20 to permit trapped air in the container 12 to escape and to permit the container 12 to be filled as fully as possible.
• the discharge connection 32 is located in or near the bottom surface 18 of the discharge end 20 to leverage the incline 24 to facilitate complete product discharge.
• FIGURE 1 also shows a manlid clean out port 34.
• the manlid ciean out port 34 may differ from the hatch 26 in that the manlid clean out port 34 may be larger in circumference than the hatch 26 and/or the manlid ciean out port 34 may be configured to require at least two people for operation to ensure personnel safety.
• one or more steps or handholds 36 may be formed in or attached to the container 12 for easy access by and safety of workers. In general, therefore, vent, fill and discharge connections may be located at a readily accessible rear area such as in this example for worker safety.
• the exemplary arrangement shown in FIGURE 1 can be adjusted to meet various government regulations and customer requirements.
• the container 12 includes a pallet assembly 38, which may be formed integrally with the container 12. Additionally, or in the alternative, the pallet assembly 38 may be attached to the container 12 by adhesives, latches, nuts, screws, bolts and the like. As shown in this example, the pallet assembly 38 may have one or more openings or apertures 40, 42 to receive tines of a forklift (not shown) for moving the container 12. Accordingly, the container 12 does not require a conventional pallet and straps.
• a plurality of cargo level gauges or markers 44 may be molded onto or into, or painted, or otherwise attached to the container 12 to assist stevedores and loadmasters with judging cargo quantities.
• an opaque or substantially clear thermoplastic may be utilized to manufacture the container 12, which will readily show the loaded cargo relative to the markers 44.
• a black or other dark color may be desired for the container 12 to shield the cargo from harsh light.
• only a relatively small level gauge 44 such as a polycarbonate sight glass may be used to indicate a liquid level.
• the container 12 may also include a plurality of reinforcing members 46 as shown in FIGURE 1 to increase rigidity and durability of the container 12.
• the reinforcing members 46 are spaced a specific distance apart from each other and may run horizontally or vertically, but those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the reinforcing members 46 may be spaced farther apart or closer together and may themselves have different widths and shapes other than as shown in the example of F(GURE 1.
• a thickness or thicknesses of the container 12 may be increased or decreased as discussed below with respect to FIGURE 2; thus, the number of reinforcing members 46 may be adjusted accordingly.
• ridges, dimples or other reinforcing members 346 may be utilized in addition to or in place of the reinforcing members 46,
• the thickness(es) of the container 12, the reinforcing members 46 and / or the ridges 346 can serve to increase rigidity and durability of the container 12 and endow it with stand-alone capability for consumable cargo storage or for shipping the consumable cargo.
• the container 12 is shown inserted in the dry box 14, briefly introduced above, which may convert the dry box 14 into an economical bulk liquid shipping container.
• the dry box 14 includes one or more cargo doors 64, which open into a plurality of interior surfaces 66, such as walls, a floor and a ceiling.
• the interior surfaces 66 define an interior space 68 in which the container 12 sits securely. More specifically, the exterior surfaces of the container 12 may mate against the interior surfaces 66 to immobilize the container 12 during shipment and also to utilize maximum cargo space.
• the vents, fiil and discharge connections, and hatches of the container 12 may be located near the cargo doors 64 for worker safety and convenience.
• FIGURE 2 an alternative tank system 110 is shown.
• Many components and devices of this exemplary system are the same or similar to those of the previous examples; therefore, whiie some components and aspects are discussed below, reference is made to the foregoing embodiments for a full and enabling description of like or similar components not explicitly discussed.
• an inflatable device 148 such as a tube or bladder made from polyethylene (PE), for example, is disposed on an internal surface 152 of a tank 112 between the discharge end 120 and the opposing end 122.
• the inflatable device 148 may include, or is in communication with, an inflation / deflation device 150, which is used to inflate the inflatable device 148.
• a maximum volume of the tank 112 may be filled with the cargo to increase efficiency and reduce shipping costs.
• the inflatable device 148 may serve as a baffle to prevent the liquid cargo 105 from "sloshing" in the tank 112, which can be harmful during shipping if tanks begin sloshing and create a harmonic rolling effect that may adversely affect the transport ship, train or the like.
• the device 148 can be deflated using the deflation device 150.
• a vent connection 130 may also be provided.
• FIGURE 2 An inset of FIGURE 2 most clearly shows an enlarged cutaway section of the tank 112.
• at least a portion of an exterior surface 154 of the tank 112 is made of a durable and weather-resistant material.
• materials suitable for use in a punishing shipping environment include polyethylene (PE) (e.g., high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE)); polypropylene; polyvinyl chloride (PVC); hardened rubber; fiberglass; nylon; polyoxymethylene (i.e., acetal plastic (POM)); polyetheretherketone (PEEK); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); or any natural or synthetic materials (such as thermoplastics); or their combinations.
• PE polyethylene
• HDPE high-density polyethylene
• LDPE low-density polyethylene
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PEEK polyetheretherketone
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• thermoplastics any natural or synthetic materials
• the exterior surface 154 may have a thickness of about !4 of an inch to about 1 inch, preferably at least about Vz of an inch or less. Other thicknesses can be provided to meet specific requirements, and, as noted above, thicknesses can be varied throughout the tank 112; for instance, the surface 154 may be relatively thicker near a bottom 118 and relatively thinner near a top 116 of the tank 112.
• a relatively large tank for storing and shipping liquids can be made from a polymeric material such as polyethylene because a PE tank can be efficiently manufactured, such as by blow molding, vacuum-forming, or rotationally molding, and the polymeric tank is lightweight.
• a co-extruded layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) resin or similar layer of material having a high barrier to oxygen may be used in the container 112 to prevent adversely affecting the taste of the product contained within the container 112.
• EVOH for instance, is known for its gas barrier properties and its resistance to solvents, chemicals and the like.
• a permeation barrier 156 may have multiple layers including, for instance, an oxygen barrier such as EVOH, depicted here as layer 158, a layer of adhesive 160, and a layer of polymeric material 162 such as PE. As shown, the permeation barrier 156 is disposed on the internal surface 152 of the tank 112 to be in contact with a consumable cargo 105 to prevent adversely affecting the taste of wine, juices, dairy or other consumable liquids or foods, which might occur due to oxygen permeation of PE without a layer 158.
• an oxygen barrier such as EVOH
• layer 158 a layer of adhesive 160
• PE polymeric material 162
• the layer 158 is between about .001 millimeters to about 5 millimeters to meet more or less stringent permeation requirements.
• the exemplary EVOH resin is available, for instance, under the brand name EVALTM from EVAL Europe N.V. in Zwijndrecht, Belgium, although comparable materials from other sources may be substituted.
• EVALTM EVAL Europe N.V. in Zwijndrecht, Belgium
• any resin or material with suitable gas barrier properties can be substituted for the layer 158.
• the entire bulk liquid transport system may also be sealed inside a foil laminate or other type of barrier wrapper 194 to protect against exterior contamination. Such a wrapper is available from Powertex of Rouses Point, New York under the brand name POWERFOI LTM.
• the iayer 158 shown in FIGURE 2 can be applied to the internal surface 152 of the tank 112 by a spraying process, a lamination process, a dip/bath process, a (co-) extrusion process, a molding process, a vacuum-forming process, an adhesive process and the like.
• the layer 158 may be co-extruded with the PE material 162 to protect the EVOH from wear.
• the iayer of adhesive 160 may also be co-extruded and disposed between the layers 158, 162 to adhere the PE and EVOH together since PE and EVOH are not chemically bonded.
• An adhesive suitable as the adhesive 160 is available under the brand name ADMER GT6E resin from Mitsui Chemicals Europe GmbH of Duesseldorf, Germany.
• any comparable adhesive suitable for adhering the layers 158, 162 together can be used according to the present invention. It is again to be further noted that although the layers 158, 162 are co-extruded, other processes such as laminations, baths, sprays, overmolding, and the like can be used to form the multi-layer permeation barrier 156.
• a heating pad or a plurality of heating strips 165 may be attached to or embedded in or near a bottom surface 118 of the tank 112.
• the pad 165 may include a plurality of heated water tubes or electrical strips, either of which is configured to supply a sufficiently high temperature to maintain viscosity of, for instance, a syrup cargo without affecting the materia! makeup of the tank 112 or heat the cargo prior to discharge.
• FIGURES 3 and 4 a further exemplary embodiment of a tank transport system 210 is provided.
• many components of this embodiment are the same or similar to elements or components of the previous examples; therefore, some components are discussed below and reference is made to the foregoing embodiments for a full and enabling description of like or similar components not otherwise discussed.
• the tank transport system 210 may include a polymeric tank 212 for transporting and/or storing bulk cargo, such as liquids and powders.
• the tank 212 is manufactured of a rigid, durable polymeric material and is capable of stand-alone use, the tank 212 may also be used with and transported in a shipping container 214, the tank 212 being sized to closely fit the dimensions provided by the interior surfaces 266 of shipping container 214 and to fill interior space 268.
• the tank 212 may include a hatch 226, a discharge connection 232, and reinforcing members 246.
• Reinforcing members 246 may be formed by ridges in the vacuum mold or rotational mold ⁇ in which case reinforcing members 246 project inwardly from the exterior surface of tank 212) or by depressions in the vacuum mold or rotational mold (in which case reinforcing members 246 project outwardly from the exterior surface of tank 212).
• the tank 212 may be a vacuum-formed or rotationally molded thermoplastic tank, which is substantially cylindrical in shape in this example.
• the tank 212 has a major axis 270 and a minor axis 272; i.e., the exemplary tank 212 is longer horizontally than vertically.
• the shipping container 214 has a second, complementary major axis 271 , and a second, complementary minor axis 273, which are respectively co-axial with the major and minor axes 270, 272 of the tank 212.
• space appears between the tank 212 and the shipping container 214 in FIGURE 4, it wili be appreciated that the space is exaggerated merely to show the axes 270, 271 , 272, 273 most clearly.
• FIGURE 5 an alternative embodiment of a tank transport system 310 is shown, which includes a tank 312.
• a tank 312 As above, many components of this embodiment are the same or similar to elements or components of the previous examples; therefore, some components are discussed below and reference is made to the foregoing embodiments for a full and enabling description of like or similar components not otherwise discussed.
• the tank 312 is manufactured of a rigid, durable polymeric material such as PE.
• the walls and surfaces 316, 318, 320 and 322 are at least about V ⁇ inch in thickness in this example but can be thicker or thinner in various areas, such as corner pressure points, in order to use the tank 312 standing alone as shown for cargo storage or shipping.
• the tank 312 may be used with and transported in a dry box, such as the shipping container 214 shown in FIGURE 4.
• Tanks 312 may be fitted with a hatch 326, in which a fill connection 328 is positioned, and a discharge connection 332.
• the tank 312 may have ridges, dimples or other reinforcing members 346.
• the members 346 can be molded or attached in a variety of shapes and manners to increase rigidity and durability of the container 312 as discussed above.
• the members 346 can be formed to enable a plurality of tanks 312 to be stacked one on top of the other to conserve and maximize limited cargo space. Accordingly, for instance, one tank 312 may carry a first cargo (e.g., wine), while another tank 312 (shown in phantom for clarity) may carry a second cargo (e.g., a powder) in the same shipping container,
• a first cargo e.g., wine
• another tank 312 shown in phantom for clarity
• a second cargo e.g., a powder
• At least two empty tanks 312 may fit in a forty foot container for empty repositioning. This is of course a function of the sizes of the tanks 312 and the type of container that may be used to reposition the tanks 312.
• an insulated, refrigerated container i.e., a reefer
• the tanks 312 may be sized to fit inside a 40 foot reefer and/or may be placed sideways in the reefer for empty repositioning.
• the tanks 312 may be turned on their sides to allow two of them to fit into an 88 inch wide reefer.
• a tank 412 may be manufactured by rotational molding (rotomolding), injection molding, blow molding, vacuuming forming or the like.
• the rotomolding process may begin with a quality cast or fabricated moid, which is placed in a rotomolding machine.
• Pre-measured plastic resin such as HDPE is loaded into the mold, and the mold is moved into an oven (see, e.g., heater 476) where the mold is siowly rotated on both vertical and horizontal axes.
• the melting HDPE resin becomes molten, sticks to the hot mold, and evenly coats every surface of the mold unless otherwise required, e.g., to form various thicknesses.
• the rotomoided shell is moved to a cooling area where it is cooled and the tank released from the moid and sent to the staging or finishing area.
• Rotational speed, heating and cooling times are all controlled throughout the foregoing process and each can be adjusted to modify characteristics of the tank 412.
• the tank 412 can have differing thicknesses in particular sections, for instance, about 3 A of an inch of HDPE at a top edge and about V ⁇ inch of HDPE at a bottom surface.
• thermoplastic starting material 470 is provided in the form of thermoplastic sheets or thermoplastic pellets.
• the thermoplastic material 470 is either heated to a desired temperature or melted by a heater or heating source 476 to form a malleable sheet or a melted mixture.
• the thermoplastic material 470 is placed or poured into a mold.
• the mold is a vacuum mold having a bottom 480 and a top 482.
• the bottom 480 and the top 482 are pressed together with the heated thermoplastic material 470 therein.
• a thermoplastic sheet 492 may be inserted into the mold to reinforce a section of the tank 412.
• the heated thermoplastic is vacuum formed into a shape complementary to the bottom 480 and the top 482 of the tank mold. More specifically, a vacuum-blower device 486 vacuums the thermoplastic materia! 470 from both the bottom 480 and the top 482 while simultaneously blowing air into the mold to form the hollow interior of the tank 412.
• the vacuum-formed tank 412 is removed from the mold and cooled.
• the bottom 480 and the top 482 of the mold may be formed with depressions, projections and the like 440, 446 to create respective ridges, dimples, apertures, reinforcing members and the like in the tank 412 as discussed in detail with respect to FIGURE 5 above.
• thermoplastic material 470 may be at least two sheets of thermoplastic material that are each about Vz inch in thickness at stage 474. After heating the two sheets of thermoplastic material 470 at stage 474 and inserting the malleable sheets into the mold at stage 478, the thermoplastic material 470 is respectively vacuumed from the bottom 480 and a top 482 while air is blown between them to vacuum form the sheets into the tank 412 in approximately five (5) minutes.
• the sheets 470 and thus the formed tank 412 is about 1/8 of an inch in thickness.
• the thermoplastic material 470, in sheet form may be thicker or thinner than Vz inch as desired to achieve a different finished tank thickness.
• the mold and/or the thermoplastic commodity may be varied in thickness to achieve different thicknesses at different points in the finished tank 412, such as greater thicknesses at corner points of the tank 412 to increase durability.
• the tank 412 may be formed with sufficient thickness and thus strength such that no bulkhead is required.
• some of the thermoplastic materia! 470 (that is, one or more of the sheets or a portion of the pellets) may include material resistant to passage of oxygen, such as EVOH as discussed above.
• FIGURES 7 A through 7E illustrate yet another container 512, formed in accordance with the teachings herein.
• a container, or tank, 512 is provided, which has an arcuate upper surface 516, a bottom surface 518, a discharge end 520, and an opposing end 522 (opposite discharge end 520).
• An aperture, or manhole, 534 having a coordi ⁇ atingiy configured manlid 535 is provided in the upper surface 516 of tank 512. As shown, aperture 534 and manlid 535 are positioned advantageously toward the discharge end 520 of tank 512 to facilitate cleaning.
• Tank 512 includes a plurality of longitudinally extending reinforcing members 546 and a plurality of transversely extending reinforcing members 548.
• the reinforcing members 546, 548 protrude into the interior space of the tank 512.
• the faceted geometry of the reinforcing members 546, 548 aids in the cleaning of the tank interior.
• reinforcing members 546 may alternately be in the form of protrusions that project outwardly from the exterior surface of tank 512.
• the discharge end 520 includes a discharge connection 532, through which the contents of tank 512 are transferred (i.e., either by filling the tank 512 or by emptying the tank 512).
• the discharge end 520 further includes a pair of cooperative semicircular panels 550, 552.
• the first panel 550 is larger than the second panel 552 and is recessed from the second panel 552.
• the right door of the tractor trailer, or other transport container is opened to expose the discharge connection 532, wh ⁇ e the left door most often remains closed.
• the second semi-circular panel 552 (positioned behind the closed left door of the tractor trailer) may begin to slightly bow out from the exerted pressure on the panels 552, 550, the extent of bowing being limited by the closed trailer door.
• the first semi-circular panel 550 also tends to bow outwardly toward the terminal end of the tank 512. If the first panel 550 were not recessed from the terminal end of the tank 512, the bowing of the first panel 550 might prevent the tra ⁇ er door from being closed. However, because the first panel 550 is recessed from the terminal end, any bowing of the first panel 550 that may occur is insufficient to prevent the right door of the tractor trailer from being closed, once filling is completed.
• the discharge end 520 has a substantially frustopyramidal shape; that is, the discharge end 520 resembles a truncated pyramid having a planar base 521 and a terminal planar surface 523.
• the base 521 is proximate to the opposing end 522, while the terminal planar surface 523 is distal to the opposing end 522.
• the terminal planar surface 523 is coplanar with the second door 552, occupying a plane identified as Pi in FIGURE 7C.
• FIGURE 7C further shows that the discharge connection 532 terminates in a plane P 2 , which is located between the planar base 521 of discharge end 520 and the terminal planar surface 523.
• FIGURE 7D is an illustration of the tank 512 from the bottom 518.
• the discharge end 520 is visible at the top of the illustration.
• the second panel 552 is copianar with the terminal surface 523 of the discharge end 520.
• the first pane! 550 is slightly recessed from this plane, and the discharge connection 532 is yet further recessed from the plane of the first panel 550. No reinforcing members are provided along the bottom 518 of the tank 512, because such reinforcing members would act as a "dam" and prevent the complete drainage of the contents of tank 512 during discharge.
• FIGURE 7E shows, in greater detail, the discharge end 520 with first panel 550 and second panel 552.
• the discharge connection 532 is positioned near the bottom surface 518 of tank 512 to facilitate transfer of the contents into and out of the tank.
• Upper surface 516 may include an arcuate, or arced, surface to maximize tank capacity within a given shipping container.
• an aperture, or manhole, 534 Positioned along upper surface 516 and proximate to the discharge end 520 is an aperture, or manhole, 534, which is fitted with a manlid 535.
• the aperture 534 may be located at other positions along upper surface 516, although positioning toward the discharge end 520 may be beneficial for reasons that will be described herein,
• FIGURE 8 shows, in greater detail, the aperture, or manhole, 534 through the upper surface 516 of the thermoplastic tank.
• a manlid 535 is configured to mate with the aperture 534.
• the aperture 534 is reinforced by a plurality of reinforcing ribs 537 that protrude from the perimeter surface area 539 of the aperture.
• FIGURE 9 is an illustration of manlid 535.
• manlid 535 includes a fluid- filled cylinder 580, which is attached to a perimeter portion of the manlid.
• the manlid 535 may be attached to the aperture 534 (as shown in FIGURE 8) by means of a clamping ring 541 , although other mechanisms for securing the manlid 535 to the aperture 534 may instead be used.
• the fluid-filled cylinder 580, or fluid cylinder may be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.
• FIGURES 10A and 10B illustrate the use of the fluid-filled cylinder 580 in moving the tank 512 into and out of a transport container 514.
• One end of the fluid-filled cylinder 580 is attached to the interior ceiling 566 of transport container 514, and the opposite end of the fluid-filled cylinder 580 is attached to the perimeter of the aperture, or manhole, 534. This operative relationship allows the tank 512 to be moved into and out of the transport container through the action of a piston 582 of the fluid-filled cylinder 580.
• FIGURE 10A is representative of the tank 512 during transport.
• the piston 582 of fluid cylinder 580 is retracted, and the tank 512 is positioned inside the transport container 514.
• the piston 582 of fluid cylinder 580 is extended, as shown in FIGURE 10B, the tank 512 is pushed out of the transport container 514, exposing the manlid 535 and clearing the discharge connection (not shown) from the interior of the transport container.
• the tank 512 may be easily filled (via the discharge connection 532) or cleaned (via the aperture or manhole 534).
• a viable, long-term transport system is provided.
• the tank 512 may be extended, cleaned, retracted, filled with cargo, transported, emptied, and then the process repeated with a second cargo, without having to remove the tank 512 from the transport container 514.
• Such a system significantly reduces time and expense in the shipping industry by eliminating the need for separating the tank from the transport container.
• the method of cleaning the present thermoplastic tank includes the steps of inserting at least one revolving sprayhead through the manhole; activating the revolving sprayhead to spray a liquid at the interior surfaces of the thermoplastic tank; and draining the liquid through the discharge connection.
• a cleaning liquid may be selected based on the properties of the contents that were last transported (i.e., that are being cleaned from the tank). Accordingly, the liquid may be water, hot water, diesel fuel, caustic, solvents, detergents, chemical strippers, and appropriate combinations thereof.
• thermoplastic tanks are exceptionally smooth. Such a smooth surface results from the rotational molding process, in which the polymer pellets are melted into a molten form and allowed to cool within a closed mold in the absence of potential contaminants.
• the thermoplastic tanks may include reinforcing members that project inwardly into the interior surfaces of the tank. These reinforcing members may possess a geometry having multiple facets ⁇ i.e., smaller planar surfaces), about which the contents and cleaning solutions tend to flow. Thus, this muiti-faceted configuration, or geometry, promotes discharge of the contents, as well as cleaning.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
• Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
• Packages (AREA)

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Publications (3)

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Citations (5)

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• 2008
  • 2008-04-17 US US12/105,025 patent/US8162164B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-04-18 CA CA2720475A patent/CA2720475A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-04-18 WO PCT/US2008/060839 patent/WO2008131233A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-04-18 EP EP08746285.9A patent/EP2146833B1/de not_active Not-in-force
• 2012
  • 2012-02-06 US US13/366,871 patent/US20120193352A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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