EP2062299A1 - Verfahren zum aufbringen von elektrischen kontakten auf halbleitende substrate, halbleitendes substrat und verwendung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum aufbringen von elektrischen kontakten auf halbleitende substrate, halbleitendes substrat und verwendung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP2062299A1 EP2062299A1 EP07726161A EP07726161A EP2062299A1 EP 2062299 A1 EP2062299 A1 EP 2062299A1 EP 07726161 A EP07726161 A EP 07726161A EP 07726161 A EP07726161 A EP 07726161A EP 2062299 A1 EP2062299 A1 EP 2062299A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- coating
- laser
- mixtures
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
- H10W20/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W20/031—Manufacture or treatment of conductive parts of the interconnections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
- H10W20/40—Interconnections external to wafers or substrates, e.g. back-end-of-line [BEOL] metallisations or vias connecting to gate electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W72/019—Manufacture or treatment of bond pads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/20—Bump connectors, e.g. solder bumps or copper pillars; Dummy bumps; Thermal bumps
- H10W72/29—Bond pads specially adapted therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for applying at least one electrical contact to a semiconducting substrate, in particular solar cells, by a laser sintering method. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a semiconducting substrate produced in this way, in particular a solar cell, and to a use of the method.
- the electrical contacts of the solar cell are used to derive the charge carriers generated under illumination of the solar cell. For this they must have a good contact to the semiconductor / silicon, a good conductivity and a sufficiently large mechanical adhesion.
- the contacts are usually made by means of screen printing with metallic pastes.
- the metallic lines are printed on the front of the solar cell through a structured screen.
- the glass frit present in the paste etches the antireflective coating (SiO 2 , SiN x , SiC) of the solar cell at high temperature. This produces the actual contact between semiconductor and metal [J. Nijs, E. Demesmaeker, J. Szlufcik, J. Poortmans, L. Frisson, K.
- DE 100 46 170 A1 describes the firing of printed AL paste through ARC layers by means of RTP, and alternatively the introduction of trenches into the ARC layers by means of laser ablation.
- a pure AL metal layer (11) is fired through an ARC layer (12) by means of laser pulses (10), also making a comparison to using a paste, but not to use this paste instead of the pure AL metal layer.
- US Pat. No. 5,468,652 describes a method for producing the contacts (26, 28) with the features: printed AL paste and firing this paste through a dielectric layer of SiN or SiO without clarifying the type of heat input
- US Pat. No. 6,429,037 B1 forms doped regions for solar cells by driving in dopants from a layer by means of a laser, wherein the layer can also be composed of a plurality of layers, and only an uppermost of these layers can carry dopants, in which case Subsequently, metal electrodes are electrolessly electroplated at the irradiated points.
- US 4,931,323 forms copper conductors on substrates by means of surface printed copper paste and laser sintering.
- Claim 32 indicates a semiconductive substrate which can be made according to the invention.
- One possible use of the method is described in claim 34.
- the dependent claims represent advantageous developments.
- a method for applying at least one electrical contact to a semiconducting substrate wherein the following steps are carried out successively: a) applying a layer of metallic powder to the substrate, b) guiding a laser beam over the substrate for local sintering and / or Fusing the metallic powder, c) removing the non-sintered and / or fused metallic powder.
- metallic powder is understood to mean individual metals as well as alloys of several metals.
- Particularly suitable is the method for applying electrical contacts to solar cells.
- the contacts according to the invention applied to the substrate have a thickness of 10 nm to 20 .mu.m, preferably between 10 nm and 3 .mu.m, and very particularly preferably between 80 nm and 200 ntn.
- the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, N 2 H 2 (forming gas) and / or mixtures thereof.
- the substrate to be coated is already coated before the application of an electrical contact.
- these can be, for example, insulating layers or antireflection layers.
- the coating of the substrate itself is composed of the sequence of several layers, so-called layer sequences.
- the materials of the coating and / or the individual layer sequences of the coating are preferably selected from the group of materials consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and / or mixtures thereof.
- a significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the use of already coated substrates opens up the possibility that in step b) the coating is broken during the sintering and / or fusing of the metallic powder and thus the electrical contact to the semiconductive substrate can be applied.
- step (step b)) the production of a coherent electrical contact and at the same time the opening of an insulating or antireflection given a layer.
- the metallic powder preferably contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, magnesium, silver, cobalt, cadmium, titanium, palladium and / or mixtures thereof.
- the particle size of the metallic powder is preferably from 1 nm to 100 .mu.m, preferably from 100 nm to 10 .mu.m, very particularly preferably from 500 nm to 2 .mu.m.
- the metallic powder layer in step a) is applied in a thickness of 1 .mu.m and 1 mm, preferably between 200 .mu.m and 800 .mu.m, most preferably between 500 .mu.m and 800 .mu.m.
- the additives are selected from the group consisting of glass frits, e.g. Lead borosilicate or glass; organic compounds; Dopants for n- or p-type doped regions, e.g. Phosphor or boron powders and / or mixtures thereof.
- the laser used according to the invention is subject to no special restriction, is decisive However, that ensures that the sintering and / or fusion of the metal powder is ensured by the laser radiation.
- the laser may generally emit in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- a solid-state laser is used, in particular a Nd: YAG laser.
- the laser used can be pulsed as well as operated continuously.
- the laser can be operated preferably with a power in the range of 1 W to 60 W, preferably 1 W to 20 W, most preferably 2 W to 6 W.
- the laser beam is passed over the substrate at a speed of 10 mm / s to 10 m / s, preferably 100 mm / s to 2 m / s, very particularly preferably 200 mm / s to 600 mm / s ,
- the laser energy must be selected and combined with the speed of the laser beam over the substrate so that on the one hand, the powder is sufficiently sintered, so that sufficient contact occurs and on the other hand, no significant damage to the underlying solar cell structure occurs.
- step c Another advantage of the method is the fact that the non-sintered material can be collected again in step c), for example by suction, collection, rinsing or shaking off.
- the process guarantees a high material efficiency as well as the possibility of recycling unused materials. This is to be regarded as advantageous from an ecological as well as an economic point of view.
- the electrical contacts are reinforced by further application of metal.
- the application is carried out by a galvanic process. It is particularly advantageous if the electrodeposited metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, silver and / or mixtures thereof.
- the galvanized contacts are subsequently sintered at temperatures of, for example, 250 to 400 ° C. in order to further lower the contact resistance.
- the semiconducting substrate is coated with a coating.
- the coating is advantageously an antireflection coating.
- the coating can also be constructed from individual layer sequences.
- materials selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and / or mixtures thereof come into consideration as advantageous materials.
- a substrate is likewise provided which can be produced by the process according to the invention as described above.
- the substrate may be a solar cell.
- FIG. 2 shows a solar cell with sintered contacts 5 after execution of method step b), 3 shows a solar cell with sintered contacts after execution of process step c) and
- FIG. 4 shows a solar cell with sintered contacts 5 and electroplated contacts 6.
- FIG. 1 shows a solar cell which is constructed from a positively doped silicon layer (p-layer) 1, a negatively doped silicon layer (n-layer) 2 and an antireflection layer 3. Applied thereto is a metallic powder 4.
- the image corresponds to the state as it is present after step a) of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 the same solar cell is shown, the image corresponds to the state after the process step b), in which a laser sintering and / or fusing of the metallic powder 4 to metallic contacts 5 is carried out.
- the use of laser beams thus makes possible an extremely precise sintering or fusion of the metallic powder.
- FIG. 2 it can also be seen that, when performing the process step b), the laser sintering, a simultaneous opening of the antireflection layer 3 takes place, so that in this process step a simultaneous sintering as well as a contacting of the electrical contact 5 with the negatively doped layer 2 of the solar cell is possible.
- FIG. 3 shows the state of the solar cell after carrying out process step c), in which excess metal powder has again been removed from the solar cell.
- FIG. 4 shows the additional metallic contacts 6, which in this embodiment have been applied conclusively by electroplating over the metallic contacts 5 applied by the laser sintering method in this case.
Landscapes
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006040352A DE102006040352B3 (de) | 2006-08-29 | 2006-08-29 | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von elektrischen Kontakten auf halbleitende Substrate, halbleitendes Substrat und Verwendung des Verfahrens |
| PCT/EP2007/005658 WO2008025392A1 (de) | 2006-08-29 | 2007-06-26 | Verfahren zum aufbringen von elektrischen kontakten auf halbleitende substrate, halbleitendes substrat und verwendung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2062299A1 true EP2062299A1 (de) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=38514933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07726161A Withdrawn EP2062299A1 (de) | 2006-08-29 | 2007-06-26 | Verfahren zum aufbringen von elektrischen kontakten auf halbleitende substrate, halbleitendes substrat und verwendung des verfahrens |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20100267194A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2062299A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2010502021A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20090060296A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006040352B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008025392A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2654089A3 (de) | 2007-02-16 | 2015-08-12 | Nanogram Corporation | Solarzellenstrukturen, Fotovoltaikmodule und entsprechende Verfahren |
| US7833808B2 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2010-11-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Methods for forming multiple-layer electrode structures for silicon photovoltaic cells |
| US8362617B2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2013-01-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor device |
| DE102008044882A1 (de) | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur lokalen Kontaktierung und lokalen Dotierung einer Halbleiterschicht |
| TWI366919B (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-06-21 | Gintech Energy Corp | Structure of solar cell and its production method |
| KR101000067B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-12-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 고효율 태양전지용 레이저 소성장치 및 고효율 태양전지 제조방법 |
| CN102396073B (zh) | 2009-04-14 | 2015-09-09 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 光电动势装置及其制造方法 |
| DE102009020774B4 (de) | 2009-05-05 | 2011-01-05 | Universität Stuttgart | Verfahren zum Kontaktieren eines Halbleitersubstrates |
| US20100294349A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Uma Srinivasan | Back contact solar cells with effective and efficient designs and corresponding patterning processes |
| US20100294352A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Uma Srinivasan | Metal patterning for electrically conductive structures based on alloy formation |
| DE102009044038A1 (de) * | 2009-09-17 | 2011-03-31 | Schott Solar Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kontaktbereichs eines elektronischen Bauteils |
| FR2957479B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-04-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement d'un contact metallique realise sur un substrat |
| DE102010021144A1 (de) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Halbleiterbauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US8912083B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2014-12-16 | Nanogram Corporation | Silicon substrates with doped surface contacts formed from doped silicon inks and corresponding processes |
| DE102011085714A1 (de) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Boraident Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer lasergestützten elektrisch leitfähigen Kontaktierung einer Objektoberfläche |
| KR20140126313A (ko) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-10-30 | 테트라썬, 아이엔씨. | 금속층으로부터 코팅층의 선택적인 제거, 및 그의 태양 전지 적용 |
| FR2989520B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-11 | 2014-04-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de realisation d'une cellule photovoltaique a heterojonction |
| DE102012214254A1 (de) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-05-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Laserbasiertes Verfahren und Bearbeitungstisch zur lokalen Kontaktierung eines Halbleiterbauelements |
| JP6107830B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-04 | 2017-04-05 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池セルの製造方法 |
| US20150064060A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | Travis McCaughey | Scented windshield washer fluid |
| US9437756B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-09-06 | Sunpower Corporation | Metallization of solar cells using metal foils |
| FR3011982B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-15 | 2017-05-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de realisation d'une cellule photovoltaique |
| US9673341B2 (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2017-06-06 | Tetrasun, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices with fine-line metallization and methods for manufacture |
| CN106356412A (zh) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-25 | 杨振民 | 一种晶体硅太阳能电池栅线、电极、背电场的制作工艺 |
| DE102017219435A1 (de) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer metallischen Oberfläche mit einem metallischen Material |
| DE102018217970A1 (de) | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-23 | Hegla Boraident Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Struktur auf einer Glasscheibe sowie Glastafel mit mindestens einer derartigen Glasscheibe |
| CN112216766A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-01-12 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 晶体硅太阳能电池的制作方法及晶体硅太阳能电池 |
| DE202020102626U1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-07-23 | Ralf M. Kronenberg | Erfassungsmodul |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH645208A5 (de) * | 1978-10-31 | 1984-09-14 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Verfahren zur herstellung von elektrischen kontakten an halbleiterbauelementen. |
| DE2856143A1 (de) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-17 | Hoechst Ag | Scheibenreinigungsmittel |
| NL7905817A (nl) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-01-29 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een zonnecel. |
| DE3005662C2 (de) * | 1980-02-15 | 1983-10-27 | G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kontaktelementes |
| US4931323A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1990-06-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Thick film copper conductor patterning by laser |
| JPH04214675A (ja) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-08-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
| JPH05335725A (ja) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-17 | Kusuo Sato | レーザ光線照射による電気回路形成方法 |
| US5468652A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-11-21 | Sandia Corporation | Method of making a back contacted solar cell |
| AUPP437598A0 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1998-07-23 | Unisearch Limited | A self aligning method for forming a selective emitter and metallization in a solar cell |
| US6361615B1 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2002-03-26 | Michael L. Callahan | Cleaning compound additive and method |
| GB9929843D0 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2000-02-09 | Unilever Plc | Process for preparing granular detergent compositions |
| DE10046170A1 (de) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-04-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiter-Metallkontaktes durch eine dielektrische Schicht |
| US6451746B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-09-17 | Chemlink Laboratories, Llc | Carrier for liquid ingredients to be used in effervescent products |
| US7148125B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Denso Corporation | Method for manufacturing semiconductor power device |
| JP2006038999A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レーザ照射を用いた導電性回路形成方法と導電性回路 |
| US7435361B2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-10-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
-
2006
- 2006-08-29 DE DE102006040352A patent/DE102006040352B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-06-26 JP JP2009525933A patent/JP2010502021A/ja active Pending
- 2007-06-26 US US12/439,639 patent/US20100267194A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-26 EP EP07726161A patent/EP2062299A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-26 WO PCT/EP2007/005658 patent/WO2008025392A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-26 KR KR1020097005351A patent/KR20090060296A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-27 US US12/308,825 patent/US20100069278A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008025392A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008025392A1 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
| US20100069278A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| US20100267194A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
| DE102006040352B3 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
| KR20090060296A (ko) | 2009-06-11 |
| JP2010502021A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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