EP1794352A2 - Cellule electrolytique pour la fabrication de metal alcalin - Google Patents

Cellule electrolytique pour la fabrication de metal alcalin

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Publication number
EP1794352A2
EP1794352A2 EP05787394A EP05787394A EP1794352A2 EP 1794352 A2 EP1794352 A2 EP 1794352A2 EP 05787394 A EP05787394 A EP 05787394A EP 05787394 A EP05787394 A EP 05787394A EP 1794352 A2 EP1794352 A2 EP 1794352A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
alkali metal
solid electrolyte
closure device
electrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05787394A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1794352B1 (fr
Inventor
Günther Huber
Reinhard Oettl
Manfred Munzinger
Heinz Neumann
Martina Schulz
Matthias Stahl
Gerhard Ruf
Ralph Hamleser
Hans-Jürgen Bender
Volker Esswein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1794352A2 publication Critical patent/EP1794352A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1794352B1 publication Critical patent/EP1794352B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolytic cell for the production of liquid Al kalimetall from a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy.
  • an alkali metal is to be understood as meaning, in particular, sodium, potassium or lithium.
  • Sodium is an important inorganic base product which is used, inter alia, for the preparation of sodium compounds such as, for example, sodium peroxide, sodium hydride, sodium borohydride and sodium amide for titanium extraction by metallothermy, as well as for reduction purposes in the organic chemical industry, for the purification of hydrocarbons and waste oil Condensation, for alkoxide production, as a polymerization catalyst and in preparative organic chemistry is used.
  • sodium is obtained mainly by the Downs process by fused-salt electrolysis of a ternary mixture of NaCl, CaCl 2 and BaCl 2 .
  • Lithium finds inter alia. Use in nuclear technology for the production of tritium, as a alloying addition to aluminum, lead or magnesium, in organic syntheses, for the synthesis of complex metal hydrides, for the preparation of organometallic compounds, for Kondensa ⁇ tions, Dehydrohalogentechniken, for the preparation of ternary amines or quaternary ammonium salts , in the mineral oil industry as a catalyst and for desulfurization, for the polymerization of isoprene to cis polymers, in the ceramic industry for controlling the Ausdeh ⁇ tion coefficient, lowering the melting temperature and the like, for the production of lubricants, as a deoxidizer and cleaning agent in metallurgy of iron, nickel, copper and their alloys.
  • Lithium is also produced in the prior art on an industrial scale by the Downs process by electrolysis of anhydrous alkali metal chloride melts, wherein the melting points of the molten salts are reduced by additions of alkali metal chlorides.
  • the service life of the known electrolysis cells is limited to 2 to 3 years. An interruption of the power supply or the shutdown of the cell usually leads to the destruction of the cell. Due to the melt additives, the sodium obtained after the downs process has the disadvantage that it is primarily contaminated with calcium, the residual content of which is indeed reduced by subsequent purification steps. decreases, but can never be completely removed. In the case of the lithium obtained after the downs process, a significant disadvantage is that the aqueous lithium chloride sols obtained in the chemical conversion of lithium first have to be worked up to give the anhydrous lithium chloride prior to use in the electrolysis.
  • Potassium is also an important inorganic base product used, for example, in the production of potassium alkoxides, potassium amides and potassium alloys.
  • the disadvantage is that the method works at high temperatures.
  • the resulting potassium contains about 1% sodium as Verunreini ⁇ supply and must therefore be purified by a further rectification.
  • the biggest disadvantage is that the sodium used is expensive. This is also due to the fact that sodium is technically obtained by electrolysis of molten common salt after the Downs process, whereby a high expenditure of energy is necessary.
  • alkali metal amalgams are obtained in large quantities as intermediates in the amalgam process and are generally reacted with water to give alkali metal alkali solutions and then returned to the chloralkali electrolysis in a closed circuit.
  • GB 1,155,927 describes a process by which sodium metal can be obtained from sodium amalgam by electrochemical means using a solid sodium ion conductor with amalgam as anode and sodium as cathode.
  • the practice of the process described in GB 1,155,927 does not lead to the results described therein in terms of sodium conversion, product purity and current density.
  • the described system behaves unstable in the course of a few days, if the claimed temperature range is maintained.
  • EP 1 114 883 A1 describes a process improved in comparison to the process described in document GB 1,155,927 for the preparation of an alkali metal starting from alka-metal amalgam.
  • the preparation is carried out in this method by electrolysis with an alkali metal amalgam-containing anode, an alkali metal ion-conductive solid electrolyte and liquid alkali metal as a cathode, wherein the alkali metal amalgam is moved as an anode.
  • the electrolysis is carried out in an electrolytic cell which comprises a tubular solid electrolyte closed on one side, which is installed in a concentric stainless steel tube in such a way that an annular gap is created.
  • the cell allows a process with a 40% lower energy consumption, the precursor included, due to the higher current efficiency due to the prevented back reaction and the low cell voltage.
  • the cell has no process-related limitation of the lifetime.
  • the salts are used in the preliminary stage of the process described as aqueous sols.
  • the device runs fully automatically.
  • a tube arranged substantially horizontally, each having a closure device at each of the two ends of the tube, at least one solid electrolyte tube disposed in the tube and closed at one end and having an opening at the other end directing alkali metal ions, the solid electrolyte tube being concentrically disposed in the tube and facing one end of the tube with the opening such that a first one Annular gap for guiding the anodes forming liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy between the inside of the tube and the outside of the solid electrolyte tube,
  • closure device an opening into the first annular gap alkali metal heavy metal alloy supply or -Ab Entry, a holding device for Fest ⁇ electrolyte tube, connected to the interior of the solid electrolyte tube Alkalimetallab ⁇ leadership and a sealing system for sealing the interior of the solid electrolyte tube and the alkali metal removal against the first annular gap, the alkali metal heavy metal alloy supply or -Ab arrangement and against the environment of the Elektro ⁇ lysezelle comprises.
  • the electrolysis cell according to the invention makes it possible to operate the electrolysis on a technical scale.
  • the closure device takes on a variety of functions, so that a simple construction of the electrolytic cell is achieved.
  • the electrolysis cell according to the invention is intended for continuous operation.
  • the flow of the liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy is preferably driven by a pump located outside the electrolyte cell.
  • the construction according to the invention of the electrolysis cell ensures that the alkali metal heavy metal alloy is guided so that the transport of the alkali metal dissolved in the heavy metal to the surface of the alkali metal conductive solid electrolyte is ensured for high current densities of an industrial production.
  • the electrolysis can be interrupted at any time in the cell according to the invention without damaging the cell.
  • the cell according to the invention is supplied with a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy, in particular an alkali metal amalgam with sodium, potassium or lithium as alkali metal.
  • a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy in particular an alkali metal amalgam with sodium, potassium or lithium as alkali metal.
  • Other possible heavy metals as part of the liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy are gallium or lead or alloys of gallium, lead and mercury.
  • the sodium concentration of this solution must have values of less than 1% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the potassium concentration of the solution is less than 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 0.6% by weight. In order to keep lithium amalgam in liquid form, the lithium concentration of the solution is less than 0.19% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 0.06% by weight.
  • stainless steel or graphite is preferably selected.
  • sodium ion-conducting glasses are geeig ⁇ net and zeolites and feldspar. In the production of potassium is also a variety of materials in question. Both the use of ceramics and the use of glasses are possible. For example, the following materials can be considered: KBiO 3 , gallium oxide-titanium dioxide-potassium oxide systems, alumina-titania-potassium oxide systems and KASICON ® glasses.
  • potassium ⁇ -aluminum oxide and potassium ⁇ -aluminum oxide preference is given to sodium ⁇ -aluminum oxide, sodium ⁇ -aluminum oxide and sodium ⁇ / ⁇ -aluminum oxide or potassium ⁇ -aluminum oxide, potassium ⁇ -aluminum oxide and potassium ⁇ / ⁇ -aluminum oxide.
  • Potassium ⁇ "-alumina, potassium ⁇ -aluminum oxide or potassium ⁇ / ⁇ " -alumina can be prepared starting from sodium ⁇ "-alumina, sodium ⁇ -aluminum oxide or sodium ⁇ / ⁇ " -alumina by cation exchange. In the production of lithium is also a variety of materials in question.
  • Li 4-x Si 1-x P ⁇ O 4 Li-beta "-Al 2 O 3, Li-beta- Al 2 O 3, lithium analogs of NASICON ceramics ®, Li thiumionenleiter with perovskite structure and sulfidic glasses as lithium ion conductors.
  • the solid electrolyte tube is closed on one side and preferably thin-walled, but druck ⁇ fixed and designed with a circular cross-section.
  • the tube has a length between 0.5 m and 2 m, preferably between 0.9 m and 1.1 m.
  • the inner diameter of the tube is between 35 mm and 130 mm, preferably between 65 mm and 75 mm.
  • the tube thickness (wall thickness) is between 1 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.6 mm, when commercial, welded tubes verwen ⁇ det, and preferably between 15 and 20 mm, when the tube was prepared by casting.
  • the solid electrolyte tube has an outer diameter between 30 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 55 mm and 65 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the solid electrolyte tube is between 0.9 mm and 2.5 mm, preferably between 1.2 mm and 1.8 mm. It has a length between 20 cm and 75 cm, preferably between 45 cm and 55 cm.
  • the alkali metal heavy metal alloy passes through the alkali metal heavy metal alloy feed into the first annular gap surrounding the solid electrolyte tube. From there, the alkali metal heavy metal alloy flows through the tube through the first annular gap and finally out of the tube via the alkali metal heavy metal alloy discharge.
  • the electrolysis is operated by applying an electric voltage between the outer side of the solid electrolyte tube closed on one side, which consists of an alkali metal ion-conducting solid electrolyte, and the inner side, so that the alkali metal heavy metal alloy which flows longitudinally in the first annular gap in the longitudinal direction Positive pole and the alkali metal formed inside the negative pole bil ⁇ det.
  • the voltage difference causes an electrolysis current, which causes oxidized at the interface between alkali metal heavy metal alloy and ion conductor alkali metal, then transported as alkali metal ion through the ion conductor and is then reduced again to metal at the interface between ionic conductor and alkali metal in the interior of the solid electrolyte tube.
  • the alkali metal heavy metal alloy stream is continuously depleted in terms of its alkali metal content proportional to the flowing electrolysis.
  • the alkali metal thus transferred to the inside of the solid electrolyte tube can be continuously removed from there via the alkali metal effluent.
  • the electrolysis is carried out at a temperature in the range of 260 to 400 0 C.
  • the temperature should be below the boiling point of mercury, preferably from 310 0 C to 325 ° C, if the alkali metal is sodium, and at 265 ° C to 280 0 C, if the alkali metal is potassium, and at 300 0 C to 320 0 C if the alkali metal is lithium.
  • the alkali metal-heavy metal alloy is already at 200 0 C to 320 0 C, preferably at 250 0 C to 280 0 C preheated to the electrolysis cell of the invention leads zuge ⁇ .
  • the electrolysis cell can be assigned a heat exchanger, in particular a countercurrent heat exchanger, so that the alkali metal-depleted, leaving the tube of the electrolytic cell hot alkali metal-heavy metal alloy heats the alkali metal heavy metal alloy supply of the tube.
  • a heat exchanger in particular a countercurrent heat exchanger
  • preheating of the alkali metal heavy metal alloy is also possible with the aid of heating filaments wound around the feed.
  • the closure device On the two front side of the substantially horizontally arranged tube is ever a closure device which is suitable, each one closed on one side Festelekt ⁇ rolytrschreibe consisting of an alkali metal ion-conducting solid electrolyte record.
  • the opening of the solid electrolyte tube is directed outward.
  • the closure device is designed such that the space filled with alkali metal heavy metal alloy in the essentially horizontal tubes is sealed leak-free both to the environment and to the interior of the solid electrolyte tube.
  • the closure device also meets the requirement to seal the interior of the solid electrolyte tube against the environment. It contains a sealing system for sealing the interior of the solid electrolyte tube and the alkali metal removal against the first annular gap, the alkali metal-heavy metal alloy supply or removal and against the environment of the electrolysis cell.
  • the VerDEN device includes a fixedly connected to the pipe part and a removable part, wherein the fixedly connected to the pipe part of the closure device is materially or integrally connected to the tube. Because the closure device contains a removable part, access to the components of the electrolytic cell arranged in the tube is made possible, in particular for its repair, replacement or maintenance.
  • the removable part of the closure device comprises a T-shaped connection piece which contains the alkali metal removal. Molten alkali metal can be removed from the interior of the solid electrolyte tube via the alkali metal removal.
  • the T-shaped socket is preferably made of an electrically conductive material, so that it can be used as an electrical connection for the cathode.
  • a first insulation ring and a second insulation ring are arranged in the closure device in such a way that they electrically insulate the T-shaped connection piece from other electrically conductive components of the closure device.
  • the T-shaped connecting piece is used as an electrical connection for the cathode, it is electrically insulated from the electrically conductive components of the electrolytic cell connected to the anode, for example with respect to the tube, so that a short circuit is avoided.
  • the insulation rings preferably consist of an electrically non-conductive ceramic material. In particular, they consist of sintered Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , magnesium oxide or boron nitride.
  • the sealing system which is arranged in the closure device, preferably comprises two sealing rings resting on two sides of the first insulation ring.
  • it delt be, for example commercially available gasket rings flnxibler graphite sheets, reinforced with steel sheets, for example SIGRAFLEX® ®.
  • gasket rings flnxibler graphite sheets, reinforced with steel sheets, for example SIGRAFLEX® ®.
  • SIGRAFLEX® ® steel sheets
  • all seals suitable for temperature and chemical resistance can be used.
  • Another example of suitable sealing rings are laminated mica seals as KLINGERmilam ®.
  • an annular space for guiding a pressure-supplied inert gas, in particular nitrogen, is arranged adjacent to the first insulating ring between the two sealing rings.
  • the inert gas is passed under pressure into the annulus. Neither alkali metal heavy metal alloy can be pressed into the annulus via the one sealing ring, nor alkali metal via the other sealing ring, if the pressure of the inert gas is set sufficiently high.
  • the inert gas is injected at a higher pressure than back pressure on the alkali metal-heavy metal alloy side or on the alkali metal side is to be expected.
  • a displacement body is arranged in the interior of the solid electrolyte tube so that there is a second annular gap for receiving the liquid alkali metal between the outside of the displacement body and the inside of the solid electrolyte tube.
  • the displacer body reduces the volume in the interior of the solid electrolyte tube, which can be filled by alkali metal. This has the advantage that only a small amount of alkali metal is contained in the solid electrolyte tube at any time, so that in a sudden failure of the solid electrolyte tube, only this small amount can come into contact with the alkaline metal heavy metal alloy surrounding the solid electrolyte tube. This keeps the energy potential of the reverse reaction as low as possible.
  • a displacement body can serve a solid metal body.
  • This metal body has the further advantage that it can be used as a cathode if the electrolysis is started with a solid electrolyte tube which has not yet been filled with alkali metal.
  • a displacement body it is also possible to use a closed hollow body.
  • This hollow body has the advantage that, because of its lower weight, it can be more easily inserted into the solid electrolyte tube without damaging it.
  • the displacement body can be a thin-walled sheet metal tube, which is closed on one side and fits exactly to the shape of the interior of the solid electrolyte tube, which is introduced into the solid electrolyte tube so that a very narrow second annular gap is formed.
  • the displacement body designed as a sheet metal tube has the advantage that the amount of alkali metal which is mixed with alkali metal heavy metal alloy in the case of the solid electrolyte tube is very small.
  • two solid electrolyte tubes are arranged in the tube, which each face with the opening to one end of the tube.
  • the invention relates to an electrolysis device having a plurality of electrolysis cells, wherein the electrolysis cells are connected to one another in such a way that the liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy is guided as a meandering current through the electrolysis cells.
  • the electrolysis device according to the invention has the advantage that it is modular. There are at least two cells arranged one above the other connected to an electrolysis unit, which is flowed through by a volume flow of alkali metal heavy metal alloy from the first to the last tube.
  • the number of electrolysis cells can be increased arbitrarily. Similarly, the number of parallel used electrolysis units are arbitrarily increased. This makes it possible to produce alkali metals on an industrial scale.
  • the electrolysis device preferably comprises 2 to 100 tubes, more preferably 5 to 25 tubes per electrolysis unit. It contains n electrolysis units arranged in parallel with n preferably between 1 and 100, more preferably between 5 and 20.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to the use of an electrolytic cell according to the invention for the production of sodium, potassium or lithium from a liquid alkali metal amalgam.
  • FIG. 1 shows a detail of an electrolytic cell according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an electrolysis device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of an electrolysis cell according to the invention for the production of liquid alkali metal from a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy.
  • the electrolytic cell comprises a substantially horizontally arranged tube 1.
  • a closure device 4 In Figure 1, only one end of the tube 1 with a closure device 4 is shown. However, the electrolysis cell according to the invention is constructed substantially symmetrically with a further closure device 4 (not shown) at the other end of the tube 1.
  • a solid electrolyte tube 12 is concentrically arranged in the tube and is closed at its end (not shown) and at the other end (shown) has an opening 11 auf ⁇ . The opening 11 faces the end of the tube 1.
  • first annular gap 13 for guiding the anodes forming liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy
  • the interior 14 of the solid electrolyte tube 12 serves to accommodate during the electrolysis there formed liquid alkali metal, which is usable as the cathode of the electrolytic cell.
  • a holding device for the solid electrolyte tube 12 an integrated with the interior 14 of the solid electrolyte tube 12 alkali metal discharge 15 and a sealing system integrated.
  • the closure device 4 contains a part 20 fixedly connected to the tube 1 and a detachable part, wherein the part 20 of the closure device 4 fixedly connected to the tube 1 is connected to the tube 1 by a material fit.
  • the detachable part of the closure device 4 can be fastened with the aid of a clamping ring 3 to the part 20 of the closure device 4 fixedly connected to the tube 1.
  • the clamping ring 3 is by means of two in each case a threaded bore 10 in the fixed ver ⁇ with the tube ver ⁇ bound part 20 of the closure device 4 screwed threaded bolt 21 which extend through a respective bore 22 in the clamping ring 3 and by means of a nut 23 and a clamping disc 24th can be tightened on the closure device 4.
  • the removable part of the closure device 4 comprises a T-shaped stub 25 containing the alkali metal discharge 15.
  • the T-shaped connecting piece 25 is preferably made of an electrically conductive material, so that it can be used as an electrical connection for the cathode. He contacted directly in the interior 14 in the electrolysis ent ⁇ standing alkali metal.
  • a first insulation ring 26 and a second insulation ring 27 are arranged in the closure device 4 so as to electrically insulate the T-shaped connection 25 from other electrically conductive components of the closure device 4.
  • the first insulating ring 26 is connected to the end of the solid electrolyte tube 12 having the opening 11 by means of an electrically non-conductive adhesive 28.
  • the adhesive 28 is a glass.
  • the removable part of the closure device 4 comprises in addition to the clamping ring 3 and the T-shaped socket 25 and the second insulating ring 27.
  • the electrolytic cell according to the invention also contains a resilient support device 29, which facilitates the concentric installation of the ion-conducting Festelektrolyt ⁇ tube 12 in the tube 1 and the weight forces in the empty state and the Auf ⁇ driving force in the filled state of the interior 14 of the solid electrolyte tube 12 in part ⁇ takes.
  • the sealing system of the closure device 4 comprises two sealing rings 30, 31 resting on two sides of the first insulating ring 26. Adjacent to the first insulating ring 26, an annular space 32 for guiding an inert gas supplied under pressure is arranged between the two sealing rings 30, 31. The inert gas is supplied via a gas line 33 to the annular space 32 under pressure.
  • the alkali metal-heavy metal alloy supply 8 and -Ab Office 9 is connected.
  • an alkali metal heavy metal alloy feed 8 is shown, over which the alkali metal heavy metal alloy flows into an alloy annulus 34, which is separated from the first annular gap 13 by a rotating screen 35.
  • This structure is advantageous for the distribution of the alkali metal-heavy metal alloy flow over the cross section of the first annular gap 13 serving as the reaction zone. Furthermore, this arrangement prevents disturbing solid particles from entering the reaction zone and leading to blockages there.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention Elektrolysevorrich ⁇ .
  • the electrolyzer includes a plurality of tubes 1 forming an electrolysis unit 2. There are three superimposed tubes 1 an electrolysis unit 2 darge presents. In each tube 1 are two closed at one end, at the other end an opening 11 having solid electrolyte tubes 12 are present. The solid electrolyte tubes 12 are arranged concentrically in the tube 1 and with the opening 11 each one end of the tube 1 faces.
  • a first annular gap 13 for guiding the anodes forming liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy 6 from the alloy manifold 5 via the outlet port 7 and the alkali metal heavy metal alloy supply 8 in the uppermost tube 1 passes and flows through the annular gap 13 along the solid electrolyte tubes 12 as far as the alkali metal heavy metal alloy discharge 9 and from there into the next lower tube 1.
  • the alkali metal heavy metal alloy is guided through the illustrated Anord ⁇ tion of electrolysis device according to the invention as a meandering current through the electrolysis unit 2.
  • Each closure device 4 serves as a holder for a Fest ⁇ electrolyte tube 12 which is detachable, so that a defective solid electrolyte tube 12 can be easily replaced.
  • the interior 14 of the solid electrolyte tube 12 is sealed against the alkali metal heavy metal alloy-carrying parts of the electrolysis unit 2 as described above with reference to FIG.
  • the interior space 14 serves to receive during the electrolysis there formed liquid alkali metal, which is used as the cathode of the electrolysis device.
  • the interior space 14 is connected to an alkali-metal discharge 15, which via a discharge line 16 directs the alkali metal to an alkali metal collector 17 positioned above the alloy distributor 5.
  • the alkali metal collector 17 is preferably filled with an inert gas under pressure.
  • the alkali metal collector 17 is designed in the illustrated in Figure 2 embodiment of the present invention as a collecting channel 18 with a lid 19, wherein the discharge line 16 from above through the lid 19 in the alkali metal collector 17 opens.
  • the alkali metal heavy metal alloy 6 does not get into the alkali metal collector 17. Therefore, the failure of the electrolysis apparatus according to the invention is tolerated without the electrolysis must be interrupted and without causing consequential damage or loss of quality in the alkali metal produced. With the undamaged Fest ⁇ electrolyte tubes 12, the electrolysis can be continued. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule électrolytique permettant la fabrication de métal alcalin liquide à partir d'un alliage de métal lourd et de métal alcalin liquide. Ladite cellule comprend un conduit (1) placé de façon sensiblement horizontale, chacune des deux extrémités du conduit (1) étant pourvue d'un dispositif de fermeture (4), au moins un tube d'électrolyte solide (12) conduisant des ions métalliques alcalins, placé dans ledit conduit (1), fermé au niveau d'une extrémité et présentant une ouverture (11) au niveau de l'autre extrémité, lequel tube d'électrolyte solide (12) est placé dans le conduit (1) de manière concentrique, l'ouverture (11) faisant face à une extrémité du conduit (1), de sorte qu'une première fente annulaire (13), destinée à guider l'alliage de métal lourd et de métal alcalin liquide formant une anode, se trouve entre la face intérieure du conduit (1) et la face extérieure du tube d'électrolyte solide (12), ainsi qu'un espace intérieur (14) formé dans le tube d'électrolyte solide (12) et destiné à recevoir le métal alcalin liquide pouvant être utilisé comme cathode. Le dispositif de fermeture (4) comporte une alimentation (8) pour l'alliage de métal lourd et de métal alcalin, débouchant dans la première fente annulaire (13), ou une évacuation (9) pour ledit alliage, un dispositif de maintien pour le tube d'électrolyte solide (12), une évacuation (15) pour le métal alcalin, communiquant avec l'espace intérieur (14) du tube d'électrolyte solide (12), ainsi qu'un système d'étanchéité destiné à assurer l'étanchéité de l'espace intérieur (14) du tube d'électrolyte solide (12) et de l'évacuation (15) pour le métal alcalin par rapport à la première fente annulaire (13), à l'alimentation (8) ou l'évacuation (9) pour l'alliage de métal lourd et de métal alcalin et par rapport à l'environnement de la cellule électrolytique.
EP05787394A 2004-09-14 2005-09-12 Cellule electrolytique pour la fabrication de metal alcalin Not-in-force EP1794352B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004044405A DE102004044405A1 (de) 2004-09-14 2004-09-14 Elektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Alkalimetall
PCT/EP2005/009786 WO2006029792A2 (fr) 2004-09-14 2005-09-12 Cellule electrolytique pour la fabrication de metal alcalin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1794352A2 true EP1794352A2 (fr) 2007-06-13
EP1794352B1 EP1794352B1 (fr) 2008-02-27

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EP05787394A Not-in-force EP1794352B1 (fr) 2004-09-14 2005-09-12 Cellule electrolytique pour la fabrication de metal alcalin

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7981260B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1794352B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101253787B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101018893B (fr)
AR (1) AR054312A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE387521T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004044405A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2300052T3 (fr)
TW (1) TWI404831B (fr)
WO (1) WO2006029792A2 (fr)

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US9758881B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2017-09-12 The George Washington University Process for electrosynthesis of energetic molecules
US8715482B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2014-05-06 Resc Investment Llc Electrolytic production of lithium metal
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US20070246368A1 (en) 2007-10-25
KR20070055592A (ko) 2007-05-30
EP1794352B1 (fr) 2008-02-27
TWI404831B (zh) 2013-08-11
WO2006029792A2 (fr) 2006-03-23
ATE387521T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE102004044405A1 (de) 2006-03-30
TW200624606A (en) 2006-07-16
CN101018893B (zh) 2010-08-11
CN101018893A (zh) 2007-08-15
WO2006029792A3 (fr) 2006-08-03
KR101253787B1 (ko) 2013-04-15
DE502005003027D1 (de) 2008-04-10
ES2300052T3 (es) 2008-06-01
AR054312A1 (es) 2007-06-20
US7981260B2 (en) 2011-07-19

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