Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
  • B05D7/08—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
  • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
  • B05D3/065—After-treatment
  • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
  • B05D3/068—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using ionising radiations (gamma, X, electrons)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D7/50—Multilayers
  • B05D7/52—Two layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D7/50—Multilayers
  • B05D7/56—Three layers or more

Definitions

• Wood materials that are processed into panels are usually surface-coated.
• the surface coating only brings about the actual usability of the panels, since they give decor, water resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and possibly resistance to algae, fungi and / or insects.
• the surface is usually coated by coating the panel with a resin-impregnated decorative paper.
• the AT 351 744 describes the painting of a particle board, whereby a first coat of paint is referred to as a primer.
• the primer is applied to both surfaces, top and bottom of the chipboard.
• a second coat of paint follows.
• the second layer of lacquer is applied on one side only to the top of the chipboard.
• the paint application is at least 50 to 500 g / m 2 .
• the process proposed here dispenses with decorative paper. The aim is to save expensive plant parts such as presses.
• the synthetic resin mainly proposed here for the lacquer layers is melamine, one of the most expensive lacquer components.
• lacquer layers have hitherto required that abrasive layers be provided in the lacquer structure, which cover this first lacquer layer after the application and curing of a first lacquer layer.
• the sanding layers are largely or completely sanded down again in order to obtain a smooth surface for the next layer of lacquer. This multi-layer process with intermediate sanding is necessary to obtain visually appealing paintwork.
• UV-curable paints helps here.
• An example of the use of UV-curable coatings is shown by US 4,439,480 .
• intermediate sanding has so far been preferred even when using UV-curing lacquers, especially if - as in the US 6,475,623 - Multi-layer and relatively thick surface coatings are used.
• the panel made of wood-based material is coated with a primer and, based on it, with at least two layers of lacquer.
• the total amount of lacquer applied, the layer thickness is less than 120 ⁇ m, preferably less than 80 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 60 ⁇ m, advantageously less than 45 ⁇ m, particularly advantageously less than 30 ⁇ m.
• corundum is incorporated as a functional component in a layer of paint that is not the outermost layer of paint.
• the varnish which essentially determines the usage properties of the panel, is applied in two or more layers.
• the above-mentioned layer thickness of up to 120 ⁇ m is not exceeded in total. This measure significantly improves the surface coating of the panel.
• no undesired structure is depicted in the surface, so no rolling structure when the lacquer is rolled on.
• undesired changes in the appearance of the lacquer layer are avoided, which can hardly be avoided when applying thick lacquer layers.
• the application of several thin layers of lacquer improves the resilience or the resistance of the lacquer layer overall, the coating becomes more durable.
• a lacquer layer of up to 20 microns preferably up to 15 microns, advantageously up to 10 microns.
• the at least two thin lacquer layers are preferably applied in such a way that in each case one layer that has already been applied is gelled and then the next layer is already applied.
• the application of a sanding layer and the subsequent sanding of the individual layers of lacquer before applying the next layer can be dispensed with because the individual layers are thin and, if necessary. can be applied by smoothing - sufficiently smooth.
• the quality, in particular the smoothness of the thin lacquer layer also meets high optical and mechanical quality requirements.
• the lacquer layer applied in a thin layer according to the invention can, depending on the lacquer selected, be cured or reacted with ultraviolet light (UV light) or by means of electro-beam curing ESD.
• UV light ultraviolet light
• ESD electro-beam curing
• the production of optically perceptible structures is implemented by introducing at least two functional layers.
• a first functional layer which partially covers the surface of the panel and which repels a coloring coating
• at least a second layer which consists of a coloring coating which partially covers the surface of the panel.
• a first functional layer with waxes or oils can be applied in sections, which prevents the application of paint or a coloring coating on the surface of the wood material. In this way, optically perceptible structures are created.
• the surface coating has at least one functional component which can be applied as an outer layer or as a layer arranged between the at least two layers of lacquer. It should be emphasized that the at least one functional component combines well with the material of the lacquer layer. If the at least one functional component is applied as a layer, the at least one functional layer bonds well to the lacquer layer or layers. Surprisingly, UV-curing paints are extremely tolerant of functional components. The curing and building up of a uniform surface coating is well possible according to the invention despite different combinations of functional components or layers of lacquer and other substances.
• the surface coating can also have two or more different functional components or layers. An example is a layer for impact sound insulation and a layer for improving fire resistance or two coloring layers and a layer of lacquer, to which a functional component is added to adjust the absorption of UV light.
• Additional components not belonging to the invention are often incorporated into one of the at least two layers of paint, especially if this forms the outer layer of the surface coating.
• the scratch resistance, the abrasion, the degree of gloss, but also properties such as an antibacterial effect or dissipative properties of the panel both by selecting the suitable UV or radiation-curing lacquer, but also by selecting suitable components, such as. B.
• a main area of application for panels is in addition to the use as a ceiling or wall covering or worktop and also as a floor covering.
• the suitability as a floor covering largely depends on whether the surface of the panel is sufficiently resistant to the abrasion caused by walking on the floor or the wear and tear of chair casters and other objects. So that the usage parameters such as abrasion properties, chair roll resistance, stain resistance and the like of Panels that are comparable are specified in EN 13329 usage classes for laminate, i.e. for wood-based panels that have a surface coating made of decorative paper
• the decorative paper is dispensed with in connection with the surface coating. This is replaced by the extremely low amount of paint applied.
• the panels according to claim 1 can be assigned using the EN 13329 usage classes, which in any case meet the demands on living demands.
• the product according to claim 1 is tested and evaluated using the same test methods that DIN EN 13329 prescribes for laminate. So z. B. for panels that are provided with the thin lacquer layer according to the invention, the rating "usage class 31" (commercial area) according to EN 13329, provided that corundum is embedded in a first, not external thin lacquer layer. This is to be regarded as an extraordinary economic advantage, since a high resistance to abrasion is achieved with minimal use of paint. Likewise, the high requirements of the standards are met with the surface coating according to the invention, the z. B. are specified for worktops.
• At least one functional layer which, however, does not have to lie on the surface of the coated panel, is made of an elastomer.
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• plastic mixtures which contain EVA or at least one other polyolefin, but also polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU)
• TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
• the elastic properties of these materials greatly improve the room acoustic properties, but also the soundproofing properties of the panel. The improved impact sound insulation through the use of EVA is particularly noteworthy.
• floor panels especially with elastomers that are applied with a thicker layer thickness (e.g.
• Panels provided with such functional components or layers are particularly suitable for sports halls.
• the sound-absorbing properties are particularly effective, for example, on wall or ceiling panels with an enlarged surface.
• the elastomer is applied in a layer thickness of 0.1 mm up to 10 mm. Even a single layer of an elastomer contributes significantly to the impact sound insulation. However, it is also possible to arrange several layers, which may be separated by layers of lacquer or other functional layers. The bond between primer, elastomer and paint layer is good. It also holds heavy loads, e.g. B. commercial use.
• a UV light absorbing substance is used as the functional component.
• the functional component typically, there are bodies or substances with dimensions in the nano range, i.e. with dimensions up to 950 nm.
• Substances or compounds that absorb UV light are mostly metal compounds, in particular metal oxides such as zinc oxide, for which it is known that they reflect UV light or absorb.
• This substance is preferably or acts transparently. It is further preferred if this functional component is used in the final lacquer layer or is arranged on or near the surface of the surface coating. It has a special protective effect if it is applied above color-giving coatings or coatings that can be changed by UV light.
• a flame-retardant substance or one that increases the fire resistance of the wood-based material is used as an additional component.
• Flame retardant or fire resistance improving substances are known per se. These include, for example, water glass or other inorganic substances such as vermiculite. Transparent substances are also preferably used here.
• a substance or a mixture of substances, with which the sliding resistance of the surface of the wood material is to be adjusted is preferably used as an additional component.
• Typical substances are wax or oils or mixtures thereof, but also mineral substances, especially fine-grained sand.
• This layer is preferably arranged as the outer layer of the surface. It is also advantageous to introduce at least one component into the surface coating of a panel, with which the haptic properties of the surface of the wood material or of the coated panel can be adjusted. Waxes, oils or mixtures thereof and mineral substances such as z. B. fine-grained sand, which are used as a so-called matting agent to give the surface of the panel a velvety grip.
• This functional component can be applied as an external layer of the surface coating. But it can also be arranged within the layer structure, since the overall surface coating is generally so thin that, for. B. layers arranged between the lacquer layers are effective for adjusting the feel.
• a top coat with a predetermined degree of gloss is used as an additional functional component, which influences the degree of gloss of the surface coating or the surface of the panel.
• the disclosure also includes a panel in which it is provided that a substance is applied as a supplementary functional layer with which the antistatic properties of the surface of the wood-based material can be adjusted.
• the antistatic properties of the surface of the wood-based material can be adjusted by adding soot, although the coloring is very limited.
• surfactants can be added as a further functional component in order to promote water retention in the paint.
• conductive fabrics can be used, which in turn affects the appearance of the surface. It is preferred to use transparent, conductive particles as an additional component or layer.
• transparent conductive particles are produced, for example, by applying metal oxides to carrier particles.
• a mica particle that is doped with tin and antimony oxide is suitable.
• Transparent particles can have a plate-like or spherical shape. Good conductivity and transparency as well as optimal dissipation are achieved with particles which have a diameter of up to 25 ⁇ m, preferably up to 15 ⁇ m, preferably up to 10 ⁇ m.
• ES sufficient if the electrically conductive, transparent particle is contained in only one layer of a multilayer synthetic resin structure on an overlay or a plate-shaped wood material.
• a dissipative surface is built up on an overlay or a plate-like wood material if at least one layer, ie up to 40 g / m 2 of a synthetic resin mixed with transparent, conductive particles is applied.
• a layer ie up to 40 g / m 2 of a synthetic resin mixed with transparent, conductive particles is applied.
• up to 25 g / m 2 particularly preferably up to 15 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 are sufficient.
• the overall structure of the respective surface can easily exceed 100 g / m 2 in the case of a multilayer structure. Nevertheless, only one layer of the resin with particles is sufficient to obtain a surface that has a significantly improved conductivity.
• the surface coating of the panel can be provided with an additional plastic deformation after the lacquer has been applied and hardened.
• Relief-like embossments that are permanent are introduced into the fused or hardened surface coating under pressure and, if appropriate, at elevated temperatures.
• the seal does not flake off, it does not tear, it absorbs deformations of a depth that are suitable for reproducing natural materials.
• the embossing it can thus be achieved that the surface of a surface-coated workpiece is perceived as a close replica of natural substances, since touching the surface conveys exactly the structure that is known from natural substances. In most cases, this perception is supported by a coordinated color design.
• a wood-based panel can reproduce certain types of wood using one or more layers of paint.
• the plastically deformed surface of the sealed panel then complements the pore structure familiar from the real wood model.
• the at least two layers of paint are applied directly to the primer.
• Such a surface coating is technically fully functional, but it rarely meets aesthetic requirements. Therefore, at least one, usually at least two, layers of paint are preferably applied as a further functional layer between the primer and the lacquer layer. If necessary, adhesion promoters or filler layers can also be applied to the primer in connection with the paint application in order to improve the surface for the paint application.
• the adhesion of the paint to the paint can - if necessary - be improved by adding at least 5% by weight (% by weight) of paint to the paint before it is applied. Possibly. the varnish can only be added to individual or all layers of paint if more than one layer of paint is applied.
• a panel made of wood-based material one of which, for use, e.g. B. for walking or working certain side is provided with a surface coating, on the opposite side, usually referred to as the underside, is coated at least in sections with lacquer.
• This varnish applied at least in sections, replaces the paper or veneer that was previously used, which was used in return.
• a counter-pull is necessary to compensate for the forces occurring in connection with the surface coating, in particular shrinkage stresses occurring during drying or curing of the surface coating.
• a lacquer layer applied at least in sections on the underside of the panel is sufficient to compensate for the tension generated by the surface coating, so that the finished coating Panel is not warped after curing of all coating processes on the top and bottom.
• the coating on the underside of the panel can be done in very small quantities. It is sufficient up to 120 g / m 2 , preferably up to 80 g / m 2 , particularly preferably up to 60 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 45 g / m 2 , preferably up to 30 g / m 2 . Especially with small application quantities, it can happen that a closed lacquer layer is not formed. A closed layer of lacquer is also not important, rather it is the shrinkage that the lacquer applied to the underside develops during curing. Lacquers are known and available that shrink very differently within a wide range when applied and hardened on wooden materials. A varnish is selected, the shrinkage of which is suitable to compensate for the deformation which the respective surface coating produces. The forces that occur can also be calculated, but it has proven to be easier to determine the suitable paint for the underside of a panel by simple tests.
• the varnish applied to the underside can be chosen as desired. It can be a solvent-based or water-based lacquer that dries or cures when exposed to heat. However, it can also be a lacquer that cures by means of UV light or electron beam curing.
• Coatings of the surface of a panel regularly require fixation, usually referred to as hardening or reacting. As described in connection with the panel according to the invention, it can also involve partial curing or reaction.
• a typical use of the means for curing is the gelling of UV-curing lacquers that were applied to the surface of a panel immediately beforehand. Only after the final lacquer layer has been applied are the curing agents used in such a way that the coating as a whole is cured.
• Means for curing are therefore preferably designed as UV light-emitting devices or as devices for electron beam curing, but it can also be known devices in which curing takes place by the application of heat.
• a commercially available primer is rolled onto a hardboard.
• the order quantity is approx. 14 g / m 2 .
• This primer fills unevenness, smoothes fibers and improves the water-repellent properties of the hardboard.
• the primer is essentially an aliphatic polyurethane dispersion (80 to 90% by weight), which in conjunction with an acrylate copolymer emulsion (between 10 and 15% by weight) and small amounts of water (less than 2% by weight) as well as conventional additives for stabilization and defoaming (between 2 and 5% by weight) is applied to the hardboard.
• a first and a second lacquer layer are then applied to the dried primer.
• 30 g / m 2 of a lacquer which cures under UV light are first applied, then curing is initiated under the action of UV light, but is not completed.
• the second lacquer layer is then applied to the partially hardened first lacquer layer. This layer of lacquer is also exposed to UV light, but is not fully cured.
• Corundum is added to the first two layers of paint.
• the paint is composed as follows: The proportion of corundum is 20 to 25% by weight.
• An aliphatic polyurethane acrylate makes up 15 to 25% by weight. 45 to 55% of the weight percentage makes it highly functional.
• aliphatic polyester acrylate additive that contribute, for example, to defoaming, stabilizing the lacquer, curing faster or preventing discoloration of the lacquer contribute 2 to 10% by weight. Varnishes of this composition are commercially available.
• a UV-curing top coat with 12 g / m 2 is applied to these first two layers of paint.
• the UV light that is subsequently used finally hardens all three applied layers of lacquer, which is easily possible due to the small overall application quantities.
• the topcoat is composed in such a way that aliphatic, highly functional polyester acrylate takes up approx. 30 to 50% by weight, aliphatic polyurethane acrylate approx. 15 - 25% by weight, monomers are added with 5 to 15% by weight, silicate components make up approx. 5 to 20% by weight off and additives are added in amounts of 10 to 25% by weight.
• Such varnishes are also commercially available.
• This type of paint application ensures a particularly resistant surface coating.
• the panels produced from the hardboard coated in this way are suitable for use as flooring. With an abrasion of 2,400, they can be assigned to abrasion class AC 3 and thus to use class 31 (commercial use) in accordance with EN 13329.
• the coating of the panel described above is carried out by roller application. Both the primer is applied with a roller and the layers of paint.
• the rollers that apply the layers of paint are each part of a processing unit that is assigned a UV light unit for gelling or curing the paint in addition to the rollers.
• the first two processing units are designed in such a way that the application means, the UV light units, and the applied lacquer layer only gel. Only the UV light unit of the third processing unit causes the applied lacquer layers to harden completely.
• the device can be set to working speeds of 45 m / min or 55 m / min.
• a primer (14 g / m 2 ) is applied to a high-density fiberboard (HDF) that is 7 mm thick.
• HDF high-density fiberboard
• TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
• a color print is applied to the TPU, which is used to create a wood reproduction on the light wood-colored surface of the TPU.
• UV-curing lacquer is then applied in a layer thickness of 30 ⁇ m. Alternatively, three layers of UV-curing lacquer are applied in a layer thickness of 15 ⁇ m each.
• the HDF board with three layers of UV lacquer meets the requirements for a commercially usable floor according to EN 13329 for use class 32.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-05-30 ES ES10183178T patent/ES2771455T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-30 PL PL05746316T patent/PL1756381T5/pl unknown
  • 2005-05-30 ES ES05746316T patent/ES2407404T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-30 AU AU2005248066A patent/AU2005248066B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-05-30 EP EP05746316.8A patent/EP1756381B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-30 EP EP17184789.0A patent/EP3281709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-05-30 PL PL10183178T patent/PL2269744T3/pl unknown
  • 2005-05-30 EA EA200602245A patent/EA014859B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-05-30 CA CA2568440A patent/CA2568440C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-05-30 EP EP10183178.2A patent/EP2269744B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-30 WO PCT/EP2005/005812 patent/WO2005116361A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2005-05-30 EP EP17184788.2A patent/EP3281708A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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